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Chang WI, Honeyman JN, Zhang J, Lin C, Sharma A, Zhou L, Oliveira J, Tapinos N, Lulla RR, Prabhu VV, El-Deiry WS. Novel combination of imipridones and histone deacetylase inhibitors demonstrate cytotoxic effect through integrated stress response in pediatric solid tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:6241-6255. [PMID: 38187038 PMCID: PMC10767354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a demonstrated need for new chemotherapy options in pediatric oncology, as pediatric solid tumors continue to plateau at 60% with event-free survival. Imipridones, a novel class of small molecules, represent a potential new therapeutic option, with promising pre-clinical data and emerging clinical trial data in adult malignancies. ONC201, ONC206, and ONC212 are imipridones showing pro-apoptotic anti-cancer response. Using cell viability assays, and protein immunoblotting, we were able to demonstrate single-agent efficacy of all 3 imipridones inducing cell death in pediatric solid tumor cell lines, including osteosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, Ewing sarcoma (EWS), and neuroblastoma. ONC201 displayed IC50 values for non-H3K27M-mutated EWS cell lines ranging from 0.86 µM (SK-N-MC) to 2.76 µM (RD-ES), which were comparable to the range of IC50 values for H3K27M-mutated DIPG cells lines (range 1.06 to 1.56 µM). ONC212 demonstrated the highest potency in single-agent cell killing, followed by ONC206, and ONC201. Additionally, pediatric solid tumor cells were treated with single-agent therapy with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) vorinostat, entinostat, and panobinostat, showing cell killing with all 3 HDACi drugs, with panobinostat showing the greatest potency. We demonstrate that dual-agent therapy with combinations of imipridones and HDACi lead to synergistic cell killing and apoptosis in all pediatric solid tumor cell lines tested, with ONC212 and panobinostat combinations demonstrating maximal potency. The imipridones induced the integrated stress response with ATF4 and TRAIL receptor upregulation, as well as reduced expression of ClpX. Hyperacetylation of H3K27 was associated with synergistic killing of tumor cells following exposure to imipridone plus HDAC inhibitor therapies. Our results introduce a novel class of small molecules to treat pediatric solid tumors in a precision medicine framework. Use of impridones in pediatric oncology is novel and shows promising pre-clinical efficacy in pediatric solid tumors, including in combination with HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-I Chang
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Translational Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Joshua N Honeyman
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Translational Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Translational Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Claire Lin
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Translational Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Translational Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Translational Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Janice Oliveira
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Translational Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Nikos Tapinos
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Rishi R Lulla
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidence, RI, USA
| | | | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Translational Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lifespan and Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
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MacDonell-Yilmaz RE, Sampino EV, Moynihan L, Chang WI, Sprinz PG. Prolonged Survival Using Outpatient Palliative Chemotherapy in Two Children With Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e764-e767. [PMID: 37494613 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy options for relapsed/refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) are limited. Palliative chemotherapy options have been explored in adult patients, but little evidence exists in children. OBJECTIVES Describe the clinical course of 2 pediatric patients with refractory AML who transitioned to outpatient palliative chemotherapy with good disease control and quality of life on these regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patient 1 was a 2-year-old girl who received a total of 4 cycles of standard chemotherapy with multiple complications and 15% to 20% blasts on marrow subsequent evaluation. An outpatient regimen of decitabine and vorinostat was consequently chosen for her. Patient 2 was a 16-year-old boy with residual disease after induction 1 with arm A with cytarabine, daunorubicin, and etoposide. His induction 2 course was complicated by multiorgan failure secondary to multiple infections including Klebsiella pneumonia and radiographically identified pulmonary fungal disease. On recovery, the marrow showed no disease but after the toxicities of initial therapy, the patient pursued a palliative regimen with azacitidine and lenalidomide. RESULTS Patient 1 tolerated her regimen for 14 months, requiring weekly blood products and only one hospitalization for a central-line infection. Her blast count then increased precipitously, the disease progressed, and she died comfortably while receiving hospital-based end-of-life care. Patient 2 tolerated 14 months of his regimen. On a surveillance marrow sample, he was found to have 0.02% minimal residual disease. He then elected to pursue marrow transplantation. He maintained remission until his 6-month posttransplant surveillance bone marrow biopsy, which revealed 0.04% minimal residual disease. CONCLUSION We describe 2 pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory AML who achieved disease control and acceptable quality of life utilizing outpatient palliative chemotherapy for over 12 months. These regimens should be considered in patients who no longer desire cytotoxic chemotherapy or are ineligible for further aggressive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Vistica Sampino
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital/Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Laura Moynihan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital/Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Wen-I Chang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital/Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Philippa G Sprinz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital/Brown University, Providence, RI
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Lin C, Chang WI, Honeyman JN, Zhou L, Prabhu VV, Allen J, El-Deiry W. Abstract 1823: Imipridones show pre-clinical efficacy in MYCN-amplified and MYCN non-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, accounting for 15% of all pediatric cancer-related deaths, with around 63% survival for high-risk patients. Treatment remains limited for advanced disease, calling for the development of novel therapies. We investigated the anti-tumor effect of three imipridones (ONC201, ONC206, and ONC212), a promising new class of small molecules, in the treatment of neuroblastoma. Imipridones are potent anticancer drugs that have previously shown efficacy for a variety of adult and pediatric malignancies. ONC201 and ONC206 are antagonists of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), while ONC212 is an agonist of GPR132, both of which are overexpressed in many cancers. We performed drug treatment with ONC201, ONC206, and ONC212 on established MYCN-amplified SK-N-BE(2) and MYCN non-amplified SH-SY5Y pediatric neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro. Cell viability assays were performed 72 hours post-treatment to generate dose responses curves. The IC50s for ONC201, ONC206, and ONC212 were 17.82 uM, 547 nM, and 70 nM for SK-N-BE(2), and 997 nM, 314 nM, and 6 nM for SH-SY5Y. Imipridones demonstrated greater efficacy for the non-MYCN-amplified cell line. Using protein quantification studies and downstream target analysis on drug-treated cells, we investigated the mechanisms of how these therapies caused cell death. We showed that imipridones inactivate cell proliferation kinases Akt/ERK and induce cell death through the pro-apoptotic tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). They also induce tumor cell apoptosis by modifying the mitochondrial Clp protease complex, decreasing expression of chaperone subunit ClpX and activating mitochondrial proteolysis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a role in controlling MYCN function, which is amplified in more aggressive neuroblastoma; HDAC activity and MYCN are also upregulated in chemotherapy-resistant neuroblastoma. Cell viability assays with HDAC inhibitors Vorinostat and Panobinostat demonstrated single-agent efficacy in vitro. The IC50s for Vorinostat and Panobinostat were 609 nM and 5.51 nM for SK-N-BE(2), and 884 nM and 6.13 nM for SH-SY5Y. However, further investigation is needed to determine synergy and mechanisms of synergy when histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are used in novel combinations with imipridones. Overall, our data reveals promise in imipridone therapy for neuroblastoma, and future studies are proposed to explore potential novel therapeutic combinations in this difficult-to-treat pediatric cancer.
Citation Format: Claire Lin, Wen-I Chang, Joshua N. Honeyman, Lanlan Zhou, Varun V. Prabhu, Joshua Allen, Wafik El-Deiry. Imipridones show pre-clinical efficacy in MYCN-amplified and MYCN non-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1823.
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Chang WI, Lin C, Liguori N, Honeyman JN, DeNardo B, El-Deiry W. Molecular Targets for Novel Therapeutics in Pediatric Fusion-Positive Non-CNS Solid Tumors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:747895. [PMID: 35126101 PMCID: PMC8811504 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.747895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal fusions encoding novel molecular drivers have been identified in several solid tumors, and in recent years the identification of such pathogenetic events in tumor specimens has become clinically actionable. Pediatric sarcomas and other rare tumors that occur in children as well as adults are a group of heterogeneous tumors often with driver gene fusions for which some therapeutics have already been developed and approved, and others where there is opportunity for progress and innovation to impact on patient outcomes. We review the chromosomal rearrangements that represent oncogenic events in pediatric solid tumors outside of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Ewing Sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and Renal Cell Carcinoma, among others. Various therapeutics such as CDK4/6, FGFR, ALK, VEGF, EGFR, PDGFR, NTRK, PARP, mTOR, BRAF, IGF1R, HDAC inhibitors are being explored among other novel therapeutic strategies such as ONC201/TIC10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-I Chang
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Wen-I Chang, ; Wafik El-Deiry,
| | - Claire Lin
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nicholas Liguori
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joshua N. Honeyman
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, United States
- Pediatric Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Bradley DeNardo
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Wafik El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Wen-I Chang, ; Wafik El-Deiry,
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Borsuk R, Zhou L, Chang WI, Zhang Y, Sharma A, Prabhu VV, Tapinos N, Lulla RR, El-Deiry WS. Potent preclinical sensitivity to imipridone-based combination therapies in oncohistone H3K27M-mutant diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is associated with induction of the integrated stress response, TRAIL death receptor DR5, reduced ClpX and apoptosis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4607-4623. [PMID: 34659909 PMCID: PMC8493379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The H3K27M oncohistone mutation, identified in approximately 80% of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), is a potential target for therapy. Imipridone ONC201/TIC10 (TRAIL-Inducing Compound #10) induces apoptosis of cancer cells, and has clinical efficacy against H3K27M-mutant DIPG. We demonstrate synergy between ONC201, ONC206 and ONC212, and targeted therapies with known preclinical activity against DIPG. We hypothesized that imipridone combinations with HDAC or proteasome inhibitors may be superior to single agent ONC201 treatment in H3K27M mutant DIPG. Six patient-derived DIPG cell lines (SU-DIPG-IV, SU-DIPG-13, SU-DIPG-25, SU-DIPG-27, SU-DIPG-29, SU-DIPG-36) were exposed to imipridones alone or combinations with histone de-acetylase inhibitors [HDACi], marizomib, etoposide, and temozolomide. Dose-dependent response to imipridones was observed in DIPG cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.46 µM, 0.11 µM, and 0.03 µM, for ONC201, ONC206, and ONC212, respectively. Upon treatment with the imipridones, DIPG cell lines engaged CLpP/CLPX, the integrated stress response with ATF4 activation, and TRAIL death receptor 5 (DR5) induction. Strong synergy was identified between ONC201 and HDACi panobinostat (combination index [CI] 0.01), romidepsin (CI 0.08) and proteasome inhibitor marizomib (CI 0.19). Synergy was demonstrated between ONC201 and etoposide (CI 0.54), although to a lesser degree than with panobinostat, romidepsin, and marizomib. ONC206 and ONC212 showed similar synergistic effects with panobinostat, romidepsin, and marizomib. Induction of apoptosis was demonstrated with imipridones and panobinostat or romidepsin combinations. Our results suggest increased sensitivity of H3K27M-mutant DIPG cell lines to second generation imipridone therapies, as compared to ONC201. Additionally, there is synergistic cell death with combination of imipridones and panobinostat, romidepsin, or marizomib, which may be further tested in vivo and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Borsuk
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityUSA
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan and Brown UniversityUSA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Brown UniversityUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Wen-I Chang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Brown UniversityUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityUSA
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan and Brown UniversityUSA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Brown UniversityUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityUSA
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan and Brown UniversityUSA
| | | | - Nikos Tapinos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Rishi R Lulla
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Brown UniversityUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer InstituteUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityUSA
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan and Brown UniversityUSA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Brown UniversityUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
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Prabhu VV, Morrow S, Rahman Kawakibi A, Zhou L, Ralff M, Ray J, Jhaveri A, Ferrarini I, Lee Y, Parker C, Zhang Y, Borsuk R, Chang WI, Honeyman JN, Tavora F, Carneiro B, Raufi A, Huntington K, Carlsen L, Louie A, Safran H, Seyhan AA, Tarapore RS, Schalop L, Stogniew M, Allen JE, Oster W, El-Deiry WS. ONC201 and imipridones: Anti-cancer compounds with clinical efficacy. Neoplasia 2020; 22:725-744. [PMID: 33142238 PMCID: PMC7588802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ONC201 was originally discovered as TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-inducing compound TIC10. ONC201 appears to act as a selective antagonist of the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), and as an allosteric agonist of mitochondrial protease caseinolytic protease P (ClpP). Downstream of target engagement, ONC201 activates the ATF4/CHOP-mediated integrated stress response leading to TRAIL/Death Receptor 5 (DR5) activation, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation via c-myc, and inactivates Akt/ERK signaling in tumor cells. This typically results in DR5/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells; however, DR5/TRAIL-independent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or antiproliferative effects also occur. The effects of ONC201 extend beyond bulk tumor cells to include cancer stem cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment that can contribute to its efficacy. ONC201 is orally administered, crosses the intact blood brain barrier, and is under evaluation in clinical trials in patients with advanced solid tumors and hematological malignancies. ONC201 has single agent clinical activity in tumor types that are enriched for DRD2 and/or ClpP expression including specific subtypes of high-grade glioma, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, mantle cell lymphoma, and adrenal tumors. Synergy with radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immune-checkpoint agents has been identified in preclinical models and is being evaluated in clinical trials. Structure-activity relationships based on the core pharmacophore of ONC201, termed the imipridone scaffold, revealed novel potent compounds that are being developed. Imipridones represent a novel approach to therapeutically target previously undruggable GPCRs, ClpP, and innate immune pathways in oncology.
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Key Words
- 5-fu, 5-fluorouracil
- a2a, adenosine 2a receptor
- alcl, anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- all, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- aml, acute myeloid leukemia
- ampk, amp kinase
- atrt, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
- auc, area under the curve
- brd, bromodomain
- camp, cyclic amp
- cck18, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18
- ck18, cytokeratin 18
- cll, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- clpp, caseinolytic protease p
- clpx, caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit x
- cml, chronic myelogenous leukemia
- crc, colorectal cancer
- csc, cancer stem cell
- ctcl, cutaneous t-cell lymphoma
- dipg, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
- dlbcl, diffuse large b-cell lymphoma
- dna-pkcs, dna-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit
- dr5, death receptor 5
- drd1, dopamine receptor d1
- drd2, dopamine receptor d2
- drd3, dopamine receptor d3
- drd4, dopamine receptor d4
- drd5, dopamine receptor d5
- dsrct, desmoplastic small round cell tumor
- ec, endometrial cancer
- egfr, epidermal growth factor receptor
- flair, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
- gbm, glioblastoma multiforme
- gdsc, genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer
- girk, g protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
- gnrh, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
- gpcr, g protein coupled receptor
- hcc, hepatocellular carcinoma
- ihc, immunohistochemistry
- hgg, high-grade glioma
- isr, integrated stress response
- mcl, mantle cell lymphoma
- mm, multiple myeloma
- mtd, maximum tolerated dose
- nhl, non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
- nk, natural killer
- noael, no-observed-adverse-event-level
- nsclc, non-small cell lung cancer
- os, overall survival
- oxphos, oxidative phosphorylation
- pc-pg, pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma
- pd, pharmacodynamic
- pdx, patient-derived xenograft
- pfs, progression-free survival
- pk, pharmacokinetic
- plc, phospholipase c
- rano, response assessment in neuro-oncology
- recist, response evaluation criteria in solid tumors
- rhtrail, recombinant human trail
- rp2d, recommended phase ii dose
- sar, structure–activity relationship
- sclc, small-cell lung cancer
- tic10, trail-inducing compound 10
- tmz, temozolomide
- tnbc, triple-negative breast cancer
- trail, tnf-associated apoptosis-inducing ligand
- tunel, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dutp nick end labeling
- who, world health organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vijay Prabhu
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara Morrow
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Lanlan Zhou
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Marie Ralff
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jocelyn Ray
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Aakash Jhaveri
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Isacco Ferrarini
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Young Lee
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Cassandra Parker
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Robyn Borsuk
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Wen-I Chang
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joshua N Honeyman
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Fabio Tavora
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Benedito Carneiro
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Alexander Raufi
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kelsey Huntington
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Lindsey Carlsen
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Anna Louie
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Howard Safran
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Attila A Seyhan
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | | | - Lee Schalop
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martin Stogniew
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua E Allen
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Oster
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Chang WI, Zhou L, Seyhan AA, Zhang Y, El-Deiry WS. Abstract 3902: Novel therapeutic targeting of epigenetic aberrations in pediatric sarcomas through combination of ONC201 and HDAC inhibitors. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with pediatric sarcomas have poor outcomes with current standard therapy in the setting of relapse, progressive disease, or upfront metastasis. Imipridones, a class of novel small molecules, specifically ONC201, have shown pre-clinical and clinical efficacy in adult malignancies and in brain tumors with aberrant methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (associated with H3K27M mutation). ONC201 is an antagonist of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), which is a G protein-coupled receptor that is overexpressed in several malignancies. ONC201 inactivates cell proliferation kinases Akt/ERK and induces cell death through the pro-apoptotic tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptor DR5. Prior in vitro studies of pediatric sarcomas have produced promising data with ERK pathway inhibition, leading to apoptosis and inhibition of metastasis formation. Some pediatric sarcomas, such as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and fusion-positive sarcomas, have been noted to have aberrant activation or modifications of H3K27. H3K27 can be methylated or acetylated and both modifications are abrogated in H3K27M mutated alleles. Changes in histone acetylation and the epigenetic effects of imipridones remain under investigation. We hypothesized that sarcomas with aberrant H3K27 modifications may respond to the novel small molecule similarly to H3K27-mutated brain tumors, and that the combination of ONC201 with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) could lead to a synergistic effect on cell death mechanisms, potentially through effects of histone acetylation. We performed drug treatment with ONC201 on established pediatric sarcoma cell lines and applied combinatory drug treatment with HDACi, including vorinostat (SAHA). Cell viability was measured after drug treatment in vitro. We investigated markers of cell death in established pediatric sarcoma cell lines via protein analysis and flow cytometry analysis. Using protein quantification studies and downstream target analysis on combination drug-treated cells, we investigated the mechanisms of how these two targeted therapies interact synergistically to cause cell death. We show that ONC201 inactivates cellular proliferation in pediatric sarcomas through the Akt/ERK pathway and induces cell death through the TRAIL pathway. We demonstrated that treatment of cells with ONC201 modified the mitochondrial Clp protease complex, by activating the ClpP protease and by decreasing the chaperone subunit ClpX. Our studies demonstrate that ONC201 induces cell death in pediatric sarcomas, and that ONC201 has potent synergistic effects causing tumor cell death when combined with HDACi. Further studies are underway in elucidating the combinatory epigenetic effects of HDACi and ONC201 in H3K27-aberrant sarcomas, leading to synergistic cell death mechanisms. Our studies present a novel therapeutic combination for pediatric sarcomas that have relapsed or are refractory to standard chemotherapy.
Citation Format: Wen-I Chang, Lanlan Zhou, Attila A. Seyhan, Yiqun Zhang, Wafik S. El-Deiry. Novel therapeutic targeting of epigenetic aberrations in pediatric sarcomas through combination of ONC201 and HDAC inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3902.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-I Chang
- Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | | | - Yiqun Zhang
- Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
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8
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Balamurugan R, Chang WI, Zhang Y, Fitriyani S, Liu JH. A turn-on fluorescence chemosensor based on a tripodal amine [tris(pyrrolyl-α-methyl)amine]-rhodamine conjugate for the selective detection of zinc ions. Analyst 2016; 141:5456-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00486e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A tris(pyrrolyl-α-methyl)amine (H3tpa) and rhodamine-based conjugate (PR) served as a sensor for the selective detection of Zn2+and their application of imaging living cells were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinam Balamurugan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Republic of China
| | - Wen-I Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Republic of China
| | - Yandison Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Republic of China
| | - Sri Fitriyani
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Republic of China
| | - Jui-Hsiang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Republic of China
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9
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Chang WI, Brohl AS, Patidar R, Shern JF, Wei JS, Song YK, Liao H, Lin J, Sindiri S, Chen L, Gryder B, Yohe ME, Zhang S, Merchant MS, Widemann BC, Khan J. Abstract 3882: Clinical exome and transcriptome sequencing for identification of actionable cancer targets: A pilot study for children and young adults with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background. With technological advances such as next-generation sequencing, recent gains in understanding pediatric cancer can aid in treatment decisions, especially in the setting of relapse. To discover expressed, clinically significant mutations for pediatric patients with relapsed tumors, we performed a pilot trial using a combination of whole exome sequencing (WES) of tumor/normal DNA and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) of tumors, complemented by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays.
Objectives. We identified 48 pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors with matched tumor/normal samples. Our goals were to determine the feasibility of performing comprehensive genomic analyses in this population, to compare the genomic profile of relapsed tumors to prior reports of primary tumors, and to delineate the percentage of patients with actionable mutations. Actionable changes were defined as reportable germ line mutations determined by the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG), a change in diagnosis, and somatic changes targetable by FDA approved medications or drugs undergoing clinical trials.
Methods. WES was performed on matched tumor and normal samples to identify germ line and somatic mutations. WTS was performed on tumor samples to identify fusion genes, gene expression profiling, and expressed variants. SNP arrays were performed to identify copy number changes. Sanger validation confirmed reportable mutations.
Results. In the exome, we noted a median of 33 somatic mutations per sample (range 1-375), a higher mutational burden compared to previously reported primary pediatric malignancies. Transcriptome data further refined results to a median of 7 expressed somatic mutations per sample (range 0-95). The majority of patients had one oncogenic driver. Sequencing relapsed tumors at multiple time points showed the continued presence of driver mutations but a shift in passenger mutations. Eleven of the 48 patients (23%) had a targetable mutation, such as ALK, BRAF, GNAQ, GNA11, IDH1, MTOR, PIK3CA, and SKP2. Two patients (4%) had a change in diagnosis due to the presence or absence of diagnostic fusion genes. In the germ line of 5 patients (10%) we discovered mutations in ACMG-reportable genes MUTYH, SCN5A, TP53, and MLH1. A total of 16 patients (33%) had actionable mutations.
Conclusions. Our study showed the feasibility of next-generation sequencing in relapsed pediatric solid tumors, with actionable mutations detected in a third of our patients. We demonstrated the utility in using exome and transcriptome sequencing with SNP arrays. Implementation of these techniques has the potential to change the practice of precision medicine. In summary, we have developed a prototype that will be utilized to design a national Pediatric Match trial in collaboration with the Children's Oncology Group.
Citation Format: Wen-I Chang, Andrew S. Brohl, Rajesh Patidar, Jack F. Shern, Jun S. Wei, Young K. Song, Hongling Liao, Jimmy Lin, Sivasish Sindiri, Li Chen, Berkley Gryder, Marielle E. Yohe, Shile Zhang, Melinda S. Merchant, Brigitte C. Widemann, Javed Khan. Clinical exome and transcriptome sequencing for identification of actionable cancer targets: A pilot study for children and young adults with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3882. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3882
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Pak H, Gourgiotis L, Chang WI, Guthrie LC, Skarulis MC, Reynolds JC, Merino MJ, Schrump DS, Libutti SK, Alexander HR, Sarlis NJ. Role of metastasectomy in the management of thyroid carcinoma: the NIH experience. J Surg Oncol 2003; 82:10-8. [PMID: 12501164 DOI: 10.1002/jso.10189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We studied the impact of metatasectomy on disease outcome in 29 advanced nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma (ThyrCa) patients who were operated on between 1969 and 2001 at NIH to further define its role in the management of this malignancy. METHODS Data were extracted by retrospective chart review. A Kaplan-Meyer survival curve was constructed, and comparative stratification for various parameters was performed. RESULTS During 47 surgeries, the following lesions were resected from mid-mediastinum/hila, 17; lung parenchyma, 12; skeleton, 14; kidneys, 2; and brain, 2. All patients received multiple radioiodine (RAI) treatments. External-beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other palliative measures were used in selected patients. Six patients (21%) died within 74.7 +/- 54.7 months after the first distant metastasectomy. The outcome of the remaining patients was as follows: complete remission, 3; partial remission, 10; and 10: progressive disease, 10, with a follow-up of 175 patient-years. Metastasectomy led to a decrease of 38% in thyroglobulin levels in 23 patients. Cumulative survival rates were 78.5 +/- 8.4% at 5 years and 50.2 +/- 12.5% at 10 years (mean +/-SEM) after initial distant metastasectomy. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that extensive targeted metastasectomy in the setting of a tertiary center can be beneficial to patients with disseminated ThyrCa with persistent or recurrent distant disease, when used in conjunction with nonsurgical treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Pak
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1758, USA
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11
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Joo EH, Chang WI, Oh I, Shin SC, Na HK, Lee YB. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of trimebutine and its major metabolite, N-monodesmethyl trimebutine, in rat and human plasma. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1999; 723:239-46. [PMID: 10080651 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, selective and very sensitive ion-pairing reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of trimebutine (TMB) and its major metabolite, N-monodesmethyltrimebutine (NDTMB), in rat and human plasma. Heptanesulfonate was employed as the ion-pairing agent and verapamil was used as the internal standard. The method involved the extraction with a n-hexane-isopropylalcohol (IPA) mixture (99:1, v/v) followed by back-extraction into 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and evaporation to dryness. HPLC analysis was carried out using a 4-microm particle size, C18-bonded silica column and water-sodium acetate-heptanesulfonate-acetonitrile as the mobile phase and UV detection at 267 nm. The chromatograms showed good resolution and sensitivity and no interference of plasma. The mean recoveries for human plasma were 95.4+/-3.1% for TMB and 89.4+/-4.1% for NDTMB. The detection limits of TMB and its metabolite, NDTMB, in human plasma were 1 and 5 ng/ml, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range 10-5000 ng/ml for TMB and 25-25000 ng/ml for NDTMB with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 and with within-day or between-day coefficients of variation not exceeding 9.4%. This assay procedure was applied to the study of metabolite pharmacokinetics of TMB in rat and the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Joo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, South Korea
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Kim J, Kim K, Shim YM, Chang WI, Park KH, Jun TG, Park PW, Chae H, Lee KS. Video-assisted thoracic surgery as a primary therapy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Decision making by the guideline of high-resolution computed tomography. Surg Endosc 1998; 12:1290-3. [PMID: 9788848 DOI: 10.1007/s004649900842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because blebs are confirmed in most of the patients undergoing thoracotomy, identification of blebs by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) can be proposed as a surgical indication in primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). If an apical bleb is identified, we treat the patient by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). METHODS From May 1995 to September 1997, 61 patients (21.9 +/- 4.6 years) were seen for initial episodes of PSP. Only seven showed bullae on simple chest radiography. However, by HRCT, 48 had sizable blebs (>5 mm), and 45 were treated surgically by VATS. RESULTS The mean duration of chest tube use after surgery was 3.2 +/- 1.9 days, and the mean hospital stay was 4.5 +/- 1.9 days. Only one recurrence developed 5 weeks after VATS. CONCLUSIONS Our protocol is effective in controlling an initial episode of PSP. It shortens the observation time before definitive surgical treatment, shortens the hospital stay, and decreases the likelihood of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HM, Han SB, Chang WI, Hyun BH, Oh GT, Ahn CJ, Cha YN. Selective suppression of in vitro T-dependent humoral immunity by synthetic food additive antioxidants. J Toxicol Sci 1996; 21:41-5. [PMID: 8852287 DOI: 10.2131/jts.21.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Effect of antioxidants on humoral immune responses, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), n-propyl gallate (PG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is suppression in vitro antibody production. These antioxidants all inhibited T-dependent B cell response, not T-independent and polyclonal B cell response. These data suggest that antioxidants suppress humoral immunity by suppression of regulation of T cells or action of macrophages on B cells, not by direct suppression of B cells. The other possible explanation for antioxidant action is the lack of T-B cell contact required for the triggering of the B cell response with T-dependent antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon City
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Sun LK, Fung MS, Sun WN, Sun CR, Chang WI, Chang TW. Human IgA monoclonal antibodies specific for a major ragweed pollen antigen. Biotechnology (N Y) 1995; 13:779-86. [PMID: 9634808 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0895-779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human hybridoma cell lines secreting IgG specific for the major allergen in the pollen of short ragweed, Amb a I, were established from patients who had been receiving antigen injections for immunotherapy. Recombinant Ig genes were then constructed by cloning the heavy and light chain variable region genes of the human hybridoma cell line and joining them to the human alpha or kappa constant region genes in mammalian expression vectors. Amb a I-specific IgA was expressed in two mouse myeloma cell lines, NS0 and Sp2/0. In both systems, transfected alpha and kappa chains were assembled into IgA monomers or into dimers covalently linked by the endogenous murine J chains. We propose that recombinant IgA monoclonal antibodies specific for airborne allergens may be applied to the mucosal surface of the nasal linings or of the lower airway of sensitized individuals to inhibit the entry of allergenic molecules across the mucosal epithelium and, therefore, to prevent the development of allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Sun
- Tanox Biosystems, Inc., Houston, Texas 77025, USA
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15
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Abstract
The role of Asp274 in inducer binding of lac repressor has been explored by spectroscopic measurements, fluorescence quenching, in vitro induction assays, and chemical modification of mutants with conservative substitutions at this site. Although no fluorescence emission shift or characteristic UV difference spectrum was observed at high inducer concentration, fluorescence quenching, effects on operator binding, and chemical modification results indicate indirectly that the mutants Asp274-->Asn and Asp274-->Glu bind sugar, albeit with very low affinity (> 0.1 M). Consistent with very weak inducer binding indicated by protection from fluorescence quenching by iodide, operator binding activity of these two mutant proteins is altered at very high IPTG concentration, although in opposite directions. The distinct effects of inducer on operator binding in these two mutant proteins as well as substantial differences in the effect of sugar ligand on chemical modification of Cys107 and Cys140 by 2-(bromoacetamido)-4-nitrophenol suggest that the conformation of the protein before and after association with sugar may differ in these mutant proteins. Fluorescence quenching assays of lac mutant proteins at Asp274 indicate the proximity of Trp220 to the side chain at position 274, consistent with the location of this residue in the structural model of lac repressor and in the crystallographic structure of the homologous purine repressor. From these results, we conclude that Asp274 is in the inducer binding site, that the character of this residue is crucial to inducer binding, and that interaction of sugar with the side chain at this position may be associated with the conformational change necessary for generating high affinity ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Chang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
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Chang WI, Barrera P, Matthews KS. Identification and characterization of aspartate residues that play key roles in the allosteric regulation of a transcription factor: aspartate 274 is essential for inducer binding in lac repressor. Biochemistry 1994; 33:3607-16. [PMID: 8142359 DOI: 10.1021/bi00178a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To explore the roles of three aspartate residues, Asp88, Asp130, and Asp274, found in the proposed inducer binding site of lac repressor [Sams, C. F., Vyas, N. K., Quiocho, F. A., & Matthews, K. S. (1984) Nature 310, 429-430], each site was substituted with alanine, glutamate, lysine, or asparagine by site-specific mutagenesis. The mutations at the Asp88 site resulted in a 5-13-fold decrease in inducer binding affinity, largely due to an increase in the inducer dissociation rate constants for these mutants. In addition, the mutant proteins Asp88-->Ala and Asp88-->Lys exhibited altered allosteric behavior for inducer binding. These data conflict with the original hypothesis placing Asp88 in the inducer binding site, but are in agreement with a recent model that places this amino acid close to the subunit interface involved in cooperativity associated with inducer binding [Nichols, J. C., Vyas, N. K., Quiocho, F. A., & Matthews, K. S. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 17602-17612; Chen, J., & Matthews, K. S. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 13843-13850]. Substitution at Asp130 did not alter the inducer binding affinity nor other binding activities. Thus, this amino acid is not crucial in the binding to beta-substituted monosaccharides or in protein function. In stark contrast, all mutant proteins with substitutions at the Asp274 site exhibited no detectable inducer binding. With the exception of Asp274-->Lys, the structures of these mutant proteins appear to be similar to wild-type. The data demonstrate that Asp274 plays a crucial role in inducer binding of this transcriptional regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Chang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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Chang WI, Olson JS, Matthews KS. Lysine 84 is at the subunit interface of lac repressor protein. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:17613-22. [PMID: 8349640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations have been generated at the Lys84 site of the lac repressor to explore its predicted role in inducer binding and/or subunit interaction. Four single mutations, Lys84-->Ala, Lys84-->Leu, Lys84-->Arg, and Lys84-->Glu, have been generated by site-specific mutagenesis. In addition, the mutation Tyr282-->Asp, which results in a monomeric repressor, has been coupled with these four single mutants to generate the four corresponding double mutants. Unchanged inducer binding affinities in all Lys84 mutants except Lys84-->Arg suggest that Lys84 does not contribute energy to inducer binding and is not found in the inducer-binding site as previously proposed (Sams, C. F., Vyas, N. K., Quiocho, F. A., and Matthews, K. S. (1984) Nature 310, 429-430). Interestingly, the double mutants with hydrophobic side chains at the Lys84 site are tetramers, while those with charged side chains remain monomers. This result agrees with the recent model of the lac repressor (Nichols, J. C., Vyas, N. K., Quiocho, F. A., and Matthews, K. S. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 17602-17612), in which Lys84 is mapped by sequence alignment to the same face of the subunit as Tyr282. More detailed inducer binding, operator binding, and immunoblotting studies show that all the mutations at Lys84 have quaternary structures that deviate from wild-type protein, providing supportive evidence for the model placing this residue on the surface of the monomer subunit. Substitution of Lys84 by Ala or Leu results in 100-200-fold decreased association and dissociation rate constants for inducer binding and biphasic character. This decrease can be rescued at least partially in the respective double mutants at elevated pH, at which wild-type repressor shows a 10-fold decrease in affinity and cooperativity in inducer binding. In all substitutions with Ala or Leu, immunoblotting patterns with monoclonal antibody, an assay sensitive to alterations in quaternary structure, are distinct from wild-type repressor. Although substitution with Arg at position 84 yields a protein with 10-fold lower inducer binding affinity, the mutant shows decreased pH dependence of inducer binding. Substitution at this site with Glu results in cooperativity at neutral pH with no change in inducer binding at elevated pH. In addition, operator binding affinity of this mutant is affected by elevated pH, a phenomenon not observed in wild-type repressor. These changes in inducer and operator binding properties appear to be related to the altered quaternary structure of these mutants at Lys84.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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Mizukami T, Chang WI, Garkavtsev I, Kaplan N, Lombardi D, Matsumoto T, Niwa O, Kounosu A, Yanagida M, Marr TG. A 13 kb resolution cosmid map of the 14 Mb fission yeast genome by nonrandom sequence-tagged site mapping. Cell 1993; 73:121-32. [PMID: 8462095 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90165-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We present the application of a nonrandom sequence-tagged site (STS) content detection method in mapping an entire genome, that of fission yeast. The novelty of our strategy is in the use of STS probes made from both ends of cosmid clones, selected on the basis of "sample without replacement" (only library clones that show no previous positive hybridization are selected and made into probes). We developed powerful techniques, based on consistency analysis, for error detection and contig assembly. In addition, we probed our library with genetically mapped markers and Notl or Sfil linking clones, thereby anchoring contigs onto chromosomes. Our map contains more than 1000 sites, including genes (most were previously unmapped), occurrences of known repetitive elements, and Notl-Sfil restriction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mizukami
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
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