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Abstract
The metallic, 1T polymorph of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is promising for next-generation supercapacitors due to its high theoretical surface area and density which lead to high volumetric capacitance. Despite this, there are few fundamental works examining the double-layer charging mechanisms at the MoS2/electrolyte interface. This study examines the potential-dependent and frequency-dependent area-specific double-layer capacitance (Ca) of the 1T and 2H polymorphs of MoS2 in aqueous and organic electrolytes. Furthermore, we investigate restacking effects and possible intercalation-like mechanisms in multilayer films. To minimize the uncertainties associated with porous electrodes, we carry out measurements using effectively nonporous monolayers of MoS2 and contrast their behavior with reduced graphene oxide deposited layer-by-layer on atomically flat graphite single crystals using a modified, barrier-free Langmuir-Blodgett method. The metallic 1T polymorph of MoS2 (Ca,1T = 14.9 μF/cm2) is shown to have over 10-fold the capacitance of the semiconducting 2H polymorph (Ca,2H = 1.35 μF/cm2) near the open circuit potential and under negative polarization in aqueous electrolyte. However, under positive polarization the capacitance is significantly reduced and behaves similarly to the 2H polymorph. The capacitance of 1T MoS2 scales with layer number, even at high frequency, suggesting easy and rapid ion penetration between the restacked sheets. This model system allows us to determine capacitance limits for MoS2 and suggest strategies to increase the energy density of devices made from this promising material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wesley R Walker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Luzhu Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Olga Krysiak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zimin She
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael A Pope
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Yoo K, Walker WR, Williams R, Tremblay-Darveau C, Burns PN, Sheeran PS. Impact of Encapsulation on in vitro and in vivo Performance of Volatile Nanoscale Phase-Shift Perfluorocarbon Droplets. Ultrasound Med Biol 2018; 44:1836-1852. [PMID: 29908752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phase-shift droplets can be converted by sound from low-echogenicity, liquid-core agents into highly echogenic microbubbles. Many proposed applications in imaging and therapy take advantage of the high spatiotemporal control over this dynamic transition. Although some studies have reported increased circulation time of the droplets compared with microbubbles, few have directly explored the impact of encapsulation on droplet performance. With the goal of developing nanoscale droplets with increased circulatory persistence, we first evaluate the half-life of several candidate phospholipid encapsulations in vitro at clinical frequencies. To evaluate in vivo circulatory persistence, we develop a technique to periodically measure droplet vaporization from high-frequency B-mode scans of a mouse kidney. Results show that longer acyl chain phospholipids can dramatically reduce droplet degradation, increasing median half-life in vitro to 25.6 min-a 50-fold increase over droplets formed from phospholipids commonly used for clinical microbubbles. In vivo, the best-performing droplet formulations showed a median half-life of 18.4 min, more than a 35-fold increase in circulatory half-life compared with microbubbles with the same encapsulation in vivo. These findings also point to possible refinements that may improve nanoscale phase-shift droplet performance beyond those measured here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimoon Yoo
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wesley R Walker
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ross Williams
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Tremblay-Darveau
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter N Burns
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul S Sheeran
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dissociative symptoms are common psychiatric symptoms whose prevalence in rural (agricultural) populations is unknown. The present study examines the prevalence of depersonalization and derealization experiences in a southern rural US population as well as socio-demographic and emotional factors associated with these experiences. METHOD A random sample of 1008 adults in rural eastern North Carolina completed a survey by telephone, which included questions about experiences of depersonalization or derealization in the past year. Demographic information was gathered on all respondents; for those reporting these dissociative experiences, information on their frequency, duration, and whether they occurred during conditions of danger, severe stress, upsetting memories, nervousness or depression, or for no apparent reason was also elicited. RESULTS The reported prevalence rates were 19.1% for depersonalization, 14.4% for derealization, and 23.4% for either dissociative experience. Logistic regression showed that women reported a significantly higher rate of dissociative experiences (26.5%) than men (19.5%), (Odds Ratio = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.37-2.74), particularly African-American women (29.9%). Experiencing chronic pain (OR = 2.96, 95% CI = 2.05-4.28) and irregular church attendance (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07-1.31) were also associated with increased frequency of dissociation. Increasing age (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.65-0.81) and being employed (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.39-0.86) were associated with reduced frequency of dissociation. Pain, gender, and age were related to both depersonalization and derealization experiences. Employment and church attendance were related to depersonalization experiences, while ethnic minorities experienced more derealization. CONCLUSIONS A predominantly southern rural population reported a high 1-year prevalence of depersonalization and derealization experiences. The prevalence of dissociation experiences was common in this southern sample, as was found by Ross and colleagues (1990) in an urban population in Canada. Risk factors for depersonalization and derealization experiences had considerable overlap, but differed on several variables suggesting different underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Aderibigbe
- Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Brody 4E-100, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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4
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Butler R, Walker WR, Skowronski JJ, Shannon L. Age and responses to the Love Attitudes Scale: consistency in structure, differences in scores. Int J Aging Hum Dev 1995; 40:281-96. [PMID: 7558370 DOI: 10.2190/yaa7-3c7g-tvxt-vatb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two separate issues concerning the relation between age and love are addressed in this article. The first issue is concerned with the age generalizability of the factor structure produced by responses to the Love Attitudes Scale. The data presented indicate that the factor structure of responses to the Love Attitudes Scale is highly similar in college-aged and middle-aged participants. The second issue concerns the relation between age and actual scores on the sub-scales of the Love Attitude Scales. The data indicate that age is related to responses on the Mania and Agape sub-scales, particularly for females. Collectively, these data suggest that general structural conceptions of love remain relatively constant into middle-age, but that there is a relation between age and some specific love styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Butler
- Ohio State University at Newark, USA
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5
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Myer RO, Johnson DD, Knauft DA, Gorbet DW, Brendemuhl JH, Walker WR. Effect of feeding high-oleic-acid peanuts to growing-finishing swine on resulting carcass fatty acid profile and on carcass and meat quality characteristics. J Anim Sci 1992; 70:3734-41. [PMID: 1474012 DOI: 10.2527/1992.70123734x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-oleic-acid peanut breeding line was used in a study designed to determine the effects of feeding swine diets containing elevated levels of monounsaturated fatty acids as a means to increase the level of monounsaturates and total unsaturates in the resulting carcass fat. Forty-eight pigs were allotted to four treatments that consisted of corn-soybean meal diets that contained 1) high-oleic peanuts (HOP), 2) regular commercial peanuts (RP), or 3) canola oil (CO), each added at a dietary level to provide 10% added fat/oil, and 4) a control diet with no added fat/oil. The oil of HOP averaged 75% oleic acid vs 60% for CO and 53% for RP. The pigs were fed the experimental diets from 33 to 102 kg BW, after which all pigs were slaughtered. All three dietary oil sources resulted in increases (P < .01) of monounsaturates in the backfat; the HOP diet resulted in the greatest increase (32% greater than control). Both CO and RP increased (P < .01) the level of polyunsaturates by nearly twofold; HOP resulted in a small decrease. Total unsaturates increased (P < .01) by 24, 24, and 27% for HOP, RP, and CO treatments, respectively, over that obtained from the control treatment. Carcass fat was softer/oilier (P < .05) from pigs fed CO and RP diets, but not from those fed HOP diets, compared with carcass fat of pigs fed the control diet. Dietary fat/oil source had no effect (P > .05) on other carcass compositional traits and various meat quality attributes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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6
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Myer RO, Lamkey JW, Walker WR, Brendemuhl JH, Combs GE. Performance and carcass characteristics of swine when fed diets containing canola oil and added copper to alter the unsaturated:saturated ratio of pork fat. J Anim Sci 1992; 70:1417-23. [PMID: 1526910 DOI: 10.2527/1992.7051417x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3 x 2 trial was conducted to determine the effects of adding canola oil (0, 5, or 10%) and copper sulfate (0 or 250 ppm Cu) to diets of growing-finishing swine on performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat fatty acid composition. The trial used 180 pigs (27 kg). Grower diets (.80% lysine for 0% canola oil diet) were given from 27 to 57 kg of BW and finisher diets (.64% lysine) from 57 to 102 kg. Diets were formulated to constant ME:lysine ratio within the grower and finisher phases. Over the entire growing-finishing period, the addition of canola oil to the diets resulted in linear improvements in rate of gain (P less than .05) and feed efficiency (P less than .01). Dietary additions of canola oil had no effect (P greater than .10) on resulting backfat thickness or longissimus muscle area but resulted in reductions (P less than .01) in loin marbling and color and carcass fat firmness, mostly noted in pigs fed the diets with 10% canola oil. Canola oil additions at 5 and 10% levels, respectively, resulted in a 23 and 37% reduction (P less than .01) in saturated fatty acids, 3 and 8% increase (P less than .01) in monounsaturated fatty acids, and 37 and 77% increase (P less than .01) in polyunsaturated fatty acids in the carcass fat compared with the diets without canola oil. The addition of canola oil to diets of growing-finishing swine had a favorable influence on animal performance and on increasing the unsaturated:saturated ratio of the carcass fat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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7
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Abstract
Using the neonatal piglet, the effects of dietary cholesterol deprivation on growth, intestinal enzyme activity, intestinal and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), and serum lipid were studied. Six litters of piglets were randomly assigned to one of two feeding regimens: restricted (800 ml of formula/24 h) versus unrestricted (1,200 ml of formula/24 h). Within litters, piglets were separated by sex, then randomly assigned to a formula containing low cholesterol (less than 2 mg/dl) or high cholesterol (145 mg/dl). Piglets were fed for 2 weeks. Male piglets in the restricted low cholesterol group gained significantly less weight per milliliter of formula than the restricted high cholesterol males. No effect was observed in the females. Microvillus membrane lactase activity was greater in males fed a high versus low cholesterol diet. Intestinal and hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activities and serum lipid profiles showed a trend toward compensation for dietary cholesterol deprivation but did not differ statistically between the cholesterol-fed versus -deprived groups. It is concluded that dietary cholesterol deprivation in the male neonatal pig causes alterations in growth, but no other statistically significant responses were detectable in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Engelhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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8
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Canfield ML, Walker WR, Brown LG. Contingency interaction analysis in psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 1991. [PMID: 2002143 DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.59.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This article introduces (a) a computerized coding procedure that rates words and utterances in terms of emotion, cognition, and contract and (b) a contingency method of analyzing verbal interactions. Using transcripts of sessions conducted by 3 master therapists with 1 client, the rating procedure and contingency correlation analyses supported the study's hypotheses. Therapists' utterances were characterized by significantly different amounts of emotion, cognition, and contracts, indicating that communication styles varied in the relative emphasis placed on these attributes. Differences suggest that the therapists responded differently to emotional, cognitive, and contract utterances and that the client's responses were different across the 3 therapist interviews. Split halves of the interviews within therapists and within client sessions were not different, providing further evidence of reliability of the coding and contingency procedures.
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9
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10
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Abstract
One hundred fifty crossbred pigs (55 kg) were allotted by weight, sex and litter to a randomized complete-block design with five dietary treatments, six blocks per treatment and five pigs per pen with sex equalized across treatments. Corn-soybean meal-based diets (.65% lysine) with 0, .25 and .5 mg/kg cimaterol were fed, on an ad libitum basis, to pigs slaughtered at an average pen weight of 104 kg/pig. Drug withdrawal prior to slaughter was 1, 3 and 5 d for pigs fed cimaterol at .25 mg/kg and 1 d for those fed cimaterol at .5 mg/kg of diet. Dietary cimaterol level influenced (quadratic, P less than .01) average daily gain during the first 42 d on test; however, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected (P greater than .1). Pigs fed .25 mg/kg cimaterol with a 1-d drug withdrawal had 6.8, 7.7 and 13.5% less 10th rib fat depth and 11.1, 6.1 and 13.3% less P2 fat depth than those subjected to either a 3- or 5-d drug withdrawal or those fed the 0 mg/kg cimaterol diet (control), respectively. Overall, pigs fed cimaterol had 7.9% larger longissimus muscle area and 2.6% more kilograms of muscle than pigs fed the control diet. Cimaterol fed at .5 mg/kg resulted in higher (P less than .05) Warner-Bratzler shear force values and altered the proportion of saturation in some long-chain fatty acids, although the total saturated:unsaturated fat ratio was not affected. Pigs fed no cimaterol had less thaw loss (P less than .05) than did those fed other treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Walker
- Anim. Sci. Dept., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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11
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Unger M, Walker WR. Rural and urban hospital differences. Health Prog 1988; 69:59-64. [PMID: 10288938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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12
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Stretch JJ, Walker WR, Unger M. Enhancing CEOs' decision making through information systems. HEALTH PROGRESS (SAINT LOUIS, MO.) 1987; 68:54-6, 74. [PMID: 10284222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Although healthcare management information systems significantly enhance the decision-making capacity of the chief executive officer (CEO), some CEOs make limited use of this potentially powerful management ally. A central management issue is finding the optimal fit between the CEO's roles and responsibilities and the capacity of information systems to adapt to and support these functions. Thus data system designers must clearly understand the CEO's needs, management tasks, and unique responsibilities. An often misunderstood concept is that data by themselves are not immediately useful and applicable to managerial needs. To become useful information, data must be timely, accurate, relevant, and actionable. CEOs may be disappointed with management information systems because of an inherent conflict between what the computer can do best--rapid, routinized solutions--and what top management usually requires. The CEO's decisions are generally singular, and the system's data may not be structured to serve those decision-making requirements. Building a system that is responsive to the CEO's needs requires an equal partnership between the CEO, data manager, and system designer. The CEO also must be willing to invest a lot of time in shaping the facility's system. In addition, because of the considerable and escalating cost of developing, using, and maintaining organizational data systems, CEOs must assess the cost/benefit ratio of obtaining additional information from existing data bases.
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13
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Abstract
Mammalian cells require cholesterol for normal cell function. This requirement can be fulfilled by endogenous biosynthesis or by extracellular supplementation. Infants fed with human milk receive greater quantities of cholesterol than those fed commercial formulas. Whether this lack of cholesterol in commercial formulas poses a threat to normal neonatal cell function is not known. We compared small intestinal microvillus membrane fluidity, hydrolase activities, protein concentration, permeability to nonabsorbable markers, and weight gain in neonatal piglets receiving restricted intake of isocaloric formulas containing either normal amounts of cholesterol (145 mg/dl) or very low levels of cholesterol (less than 2 mg/dl). Using the fluorescent probe, diphenylhexatriene, and fluorescence polarization, microvillus membranes from cholesterol deprived piglets demonstrated higher fluidities than did microvillus membranes from animals fed normal concentrations of cholesterol. Cholesterol-deprived animals, even though their caloric intake was similar to cholesterol-fed animals, demonstrated a net weight loss per animal whereas the cholesterol-fed animals demonstrated a weight gain. These results demonstrate that in a pig model on a restricted intake, cholesterol deprivation alters the biophysical properties of the microvillus membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Neu
- Department of Pediatrics and Biostatistics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610
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14
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Walker WR. Copper salicylate compounds. Med J Aust 1987; 147:104-6. [PMID: 3600451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Walker WR, Simon NV. Fetal lung maturity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156:259-60. [PMID: 3799762 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(87)90254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Safranski SR, Kwon IW, Walker WR, Unger M. Should health care managers adopt Theory Z? Health Prog 1986; 67:49-51, 73. [PMID: 10275907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Health care administrators should carefully consider the situations in which they apply management methods used in industry, since such methods may not be effective in motivating certain groups of hospital employees. Physicians, for example, may display little loyalty to the health care organization, even though as a group they exert significant influence on policies, standards, and administration. As a result, management styles such as Theory Z that focus on holistic concern, individual decision-making responsibility, and long-term employment guarantees may fail to interest them. Nurses also may be reluctant to commit themselves to an organization because of the high rate of turnover in their profession in recent years. Support staff, however, probably would be receptive to management techniques that offer security through long-term employment guarantees. Other factors necessary for the effective use of Theory Z industrial management techniques are a clear hierarchy with well-defined reporting relationships, moderately specialized career paths, and trust among employees that the organization's concern for their welfare is genuine. The key consideration, however, in applying any theory is that only those aspects which best serve the organization's needs should be adopted.
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17
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Choate GM, Walker WR, Unger M. The financial status of Catholic hospitals: 1982-1983. Health Prog 1986; 67:28-35. [PMID: 10275109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently available figures for 1982 and 1983 show that Catholic hospitals as a whole attained positive ratios of net income to fund balances and that these gains exceeded inflation in both years. The financial picture varies, however, when data for specific categories of Catholic hospitals are examined. For example, smaller hospitals relied more on borrowed funds to finance assets and generate profits, and for many of them these profits still did not exceed the 1983 inflation rate. Hospitals particularly vulnerable to diagnosis-related group payment--that is, teaching hospitals, hospitals with negative operating income, and hospitals adding beds--possessed less liquidity than Catholic hospitals aggregately. Hospitals in each of these categories experienced less-than-average basic profitability as well.
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19
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Creasy GW, Kousen M, Walker WR. A zomepirac reaction mimicking ectopic pregnancy. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1984; 18:487-8. [PMID: 6734436 DOI: 10.1177/106002808401800608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A case is presented of a 29-year old woman who developed sudden onset of abdominal pain, vomiting, near syncope, abdominal tenderness, profound hypotension, and a late menstrual period. The patient was in good health and her only medication was zomepirac for musculoskeletal discomfort. An exploratory mini-laparotomy was performed for the suspicion of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, but no evidence of hemoperitoneum or of ectopic pregnancy was found. A subsequent pregnancy test was negative, and the episode was attributed to a zomepirac reaction. A review of zomepirac and zomepirac reactions is included.
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20
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Beveridge SJ, Boettcher B, Walker WR, Whitehouse MW. Biodistribution of 64Cu in rats after topical application of two lipophilic anti-inflammatory Cu(II) formulations. Agents Actions 1984; 14:291-5. [PMID: 6711390 DOI: 10.1007/bf01966655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
64Cu(II) is extensively absorbed and excreted, mainly in the faeces, when applied to the skin of rats as complexes with (a) salicylate in ethanol with dimethylsulphoxide and glycerol or (b) phenylbutazone in dimethyl sulphoxide and glycerol, previously found to be anti-inflammatory. 64Cu distribution paralleled that observed after administering aqueous 64Cu-salicylate i.m. It is concluded that copper(II) can pass rapidly through the dermal barriers when applied with an appropriate cupriphore and presented in a medium with low water content.
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21
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Fox RT, Walker WR, Unger M. Trends in U.S. Catholic hospitals and all other nonfederal U.S. hospitals, 1970 to 1979: CHA Study Report, Part IV. Changes in full-time equivalent personnel, payroll, and expenses. Hosp Prog 1983; 64:60-7. [PMID: 10258668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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22
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Martin MC, Walker WR. Survey discloses NFP practices, preferences in U.S. Catholic hospitals. Hosp Prog 1983; 64:52-8. [PMID: 10258277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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23
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Fox RT, Walker WR, Unger M. Trends in U.S. Catholic hospitals and all other nonfederal U.S. hospitals, 1970 to 1979: CHA study report, Part III. Changes in occupancy, length of stay, and births. Hosp Prog 1983; 64:59-65, 74. [PMID: 10258278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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24
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Fox RT, Walker WR, Unger M. Changes in admissions, average daily census, and outpatient visits. Hosp Prog 1983; 64:62-70, 87. [PMID: 10257905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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25
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Fox RT, Walker WR, Unger M. Trends in U.S. Catholic hospitals and all other nonfederal U.S. hospitals, 1970 to 1979: CHA study report, Part I. Changes in numbers of hospitals and beds. Hosp Prog 1982; 63:84-8. [PMID: 10257454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Patterson RA, Walker WR. Pastoral care in Catholic hospitals and long term care facilities, 1981. Hosp Prog 1982; 63:52-6. [PMID: 10255572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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28
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Beveridge SJ, Whitehouse MW, Walker WR. Lipophilic copper(II) formulations: some correlations between their composition and anti-inflammatory/anti-arthritic activity when applied to the skin of rats. Agents Actions 1982; 12:225-31. [PMID: 7080960 DOI: 10.1007/bf01965151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper complexes of phenols related to salicylic acid were prepared in DMSO and applied to the shaved dorsal skin of rats. The following activities were assayed: (i) suppression of the carrageenan or hydroxylapatite paw oedemas; (ii) reduction of chronic inflammation in established adjuvant arthritis; (iii) local skin toxicity. Cu(II) was an essential component. Some limited structure-activity correlations were made among alternative cupriphores. DMSO solutions of copper complexes were more potent than their solutions in ethanol. Glycerol was a beneficial additive. Reducing the acidity of some copper salicylate formulations also reduced their potency. Niflumic acid and phenylbutazone were effective non-salicylate transcutaneous cupriphores.
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Walker WR, Kwon IW. Priorities for CHA research: survey report. Hosp Prog 1981; 62:76-80. [PMID: 10252293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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30
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Walker WR, Mathis JL. Rauwolfia serpentina revisited. N C Med J 1981; 42:401-2. [PMID: 6942228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Beveridge SJ, Walker WR, Whitehouse MW. Anti-inflammatory activity of copper salicylates applied to rats percutaneously in dimethyl sulphoxide with glycerol. J Pharm Pharmacol 1980; 32:425-7. [PMID: 6106677 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1980.tb12957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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32
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Walker WR, Beveridge SJ, Whitehouse MW. Anti-inflammatory activity of a dermally applied copper salicylate preparation (Alcusal). Agents Actions 1980; 10:38-47. [PMID: 7386307 DOI: 10.1007/bf02024177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In rats, dermal (dorsum) application of an ethanolic copper salicylate complex (ECS) in ethanol with glycerol (Alcusal) effectively suppressed established polyarthritis, carrageenan-induced paw oedema and the inflammatory response to hydroxylapatite microcrystals. These responses appear to be due to some degree of synergism between the copper(II) and salicylate, i.e. not solely due to either species alone. Evidence for transdermal absorption of 64Cu from 64Cu-ECS is provided. Some safety aspects of this novel drug are discussed.
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33
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Abstract
Hypnosis in the management of intractable pain is a valuable but frequently overlooked tool for the practicing physician. Two cases are presented which illustrate some of the benefits and limitations of hypnosis in pain management. Hypnosis is most effective when the patient is motivated, and pain is a strong motivating force. Secondary gain from the pain and underlying psychiatric illness must be considered when seemingly routine pain problems do not respond to hypnosis. Hypnosis may be equally effective for pain of organic or psychogenic origin. Ancillary benefits from hypnosis may include a diminution of secondary anxiety and depression. The technic is impractical for some patients because of the time requirements, but proper patient selection can obviate much of this objection. Self-hypnosis and/or the supervised use of a relative as a substitute for the physician enhances effectiveness. Training in hypnosis for adjunctive use in the management of pain is available to primary care physicians.
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34
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Abstract
When air is bubbled into an
aqueous suspension of metallic copper in the presence of a chelate such as
1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 2,2'- bipyridine (bpy), the copper dissolves and
binuclear hydroxo- bridged complexes such as
������������������������� �����������OH������������������������� [(chel)Cu����� Cu(chel)]X2,xH2O ������������������������������������ OH
are formed (chel = chelate;
2X = CO32-, X = ClO4- and Cl-).The dichlorides of such binuclear complexes
have been prepared previously by aeration of freshly precipitated suspensions
of CuCl. In the case of glycine, however, only the bis(glycinato)copper(II)
complex is formed from metallic copper. ��� These observations afford some evidence for
the production of free radicals such as ·OH and may be relevant to
the mechanism of action of both the copper i.u.d, and the 'copper bracelet'.
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35
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Fath G, Walker WR. The 1979 CHA survey of pastoral care programs. Hosp Prog 1979; 60:60-2. [PMID: 478487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pastoral care programs have grown and matured in the 10 years since The Catholic Hospital Association and the National Association of Catholic Chaplains issued their "Guidelines for Establishing a Department of Religion in a Catholic-Sponsored Hospital." CHA's 1979 survey of 370 institutions points out that while pastoral care departments are recognized as important, budgets for personnel and programs are unrealistic. The shortage of pastoral care personnel is an acute challenge to Catholic facilities, and alternative staffing methods must be sought.
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36
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37
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Abstract
Bonta, Sorenson and others have shown that Cu(II) derivatives are effective anti-inflammatory agents. Some chemical and pharmacological properties of Cu(I) and metallic Cu are discussed. Thio complexes of Cu(I) were prepared and shown to be useful anti-inflammatory agents in rats. Hypotheses are stated concerning the possible therapeutic value of copper in its various oxidation states.
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38
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Whitehouse MW, Walker WR. The "copper bracelet" for arthritis. Med J Aust 1977; 1:938. [PMID: 887030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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39
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Abstract
The perfusion of intact cat skin by a saline solution of bis(glycinato) copper(II), labelled with Cu64, has been studied in a diffusion cell. It has been shown by counting the activity that the copper(II) complex perfuses the skin and over a period of 6-7 hr reaches the isotonic saline solution underneath. After this inaugural delay period a steady rate of penetration was maintained and after 24 hr about 1 mg of the complex perfused the skin. Skin samples, taken before and after, were fixed in buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Five micron sections were taken, stained with rubeanic acid and counterstained with 1% Eosin Y solution. Histological examination showed that copper was present in all layers of the perfused skin. This work is relevant to the solubility of metallic copper in human sweat and to the possible therapeutic value of the "copper bracelet".
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40
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Walker WR, Keats DM. An investigation of the therapeutic value of the 'copper bracelet'-dermal assimilation of copper in arthritic/rheumatoid conditions. Agents Actions 1976; 6:454-9. [PMID: 961545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
From over 300 arthritis sufferers, half of whom previously wore 'copper bracelets', three treatment-group-subjects were randomly allocated for a psychological study. This involved wearing 'copper bracelets' and placebo bracelets (amodised aluminum resembling copper) alternately. These groups, as also a control group, answered questionnaires. The copper bracelets were weighed before and after use. Preliminary results show that, to a significant number of subjects, the wearing of the 'copper bracelet' appeared to have some therapeutic value. A study of the components of sweat and the solubility of copper in sweat was carried out. In five sweat samples, the copper concentration was of the order 2 x 10(-5) M and after equilibrating with copper turnings at room temperature for 24 hours the samples turned blue in colour and contained approximately 2 x 10(-3) M copper. The permeability of skin to copper containing solutions has also been discussed. It has also been shown that the wearing of a 'copper bracelet' results in a weight loss in excess of the body's total burden of copper (100-150 mg). A pair of copper bracelets lost 80 mg in 50 days when worn around the ankles and a copper bracelet worn around the wrist also lost about 90 mg in that time.
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41
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Cowan GT, Walker WR. Percentage- wise, salaries have come full circle. Hosp Prog 1976; 57:77-9. [PMID: 1270055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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Newnham WA, Walker WR, Fogarty P. Faucial bonorrhoea. Med J Aust 1975; 2:470-2. [PMID: 127924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nine hundred patients (250 females and 650 males) attending the Clinic for the Treatment of Venereal Diseases had throat swabs taken as a routine; 1-1% (1-6% of females and 0-92% of males) were found to have faucial gonorrhoea. This figure appears to be similar to that found by Odegaard and Gunderson (1973) in Norway. The treatment regime used in the clinic in Perth appeared to be satisfactory, as there were no failures. It is stressed that all patients suspected of suffering from venereal disease should have their throats swabbed as a routine. Information as to whether or not oral sex is practised should be obtained.
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43
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Schulte EJ, Walker WR. The state of legal counsel in Catholic-sponsored hospitals. Hosp Prog 1974; 55:36-7. [PMID: 4811514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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44
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Abstract
The interaction of metal
chlorides with adenine in dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) has been shown
to decrease in the order Hg > Zn Cd > Pb. It has been shown that HgCl2 forms a 1 : 1
complex with adenine with a formation constant of 11.11. mol-1 at
34.5� which is similar to that reported previously for the nucleoside,
adenosine. The addition of chloride ion to adenine solutions containing these
metals reverses the chemical shifts markedly and is probably due to [MCl4]2-
formation. This may be relevant to the absorption of metal ions by living
organisms.
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45
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Abstract
The following cobalt(11)
complexes containing the chelate 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (αdtp)
and the isomeric chelate 4,4'-dithiodipyridine (γdtp)*
have been prepared and investigated: Co(αdtp)X2
(X = Cl, Br,I and NCS), Co(γdtp)Cl2 and Co(γdtp)2X2
(X = I and NCS). All, except the first three, are described for the first time.
Physicochemical investigations indicate that the complexes Co(αdtp)X2 (X = Cl,Br
and I) are tetrahedral monomers and Co(αdtp)(NCS)2
is an octahedral polymer. Co(γdtp)Cl2,
appears to be tetrahedral whereas Co(γdtp)2X2
(X = I and NCS) are octahedral polymers. Although the complete interpretation
of the spectra is rendered difficult by the ligand bands occurring at lowfrequencies, far-infrared
spectra have provided evidence that both nitrogen atoms in αdtp
and γdtp are coordinated in these complexes.
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46
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Wheelock RD, Walker WR. State of the chaplaincy improving in Catholic health facilities. Hosp Prog 1973; 54:22-6. [PMID: 4748933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Cowan GT, Walker WR. Medicare's current financing recall. Hosp Prog 1973; 54:26-7. [PMID: 4574794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Abstract
The complexes [imH2]2
[CuCl4], [imH2], [CuBr4], and [imH2]2
[ZnCl4] containing the imidazolium cation [imH2]+ have
been prepared for the first time and studied by laser Raman and infrared
spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data are compared to those from studies with
imidazole, imidazolium chloride, methylammonium tetrachlorocuprate(II), caesium
tetrachlorocuprate(II), and caesium tetrachlorozincate(II). It is concluded
that in [imH2]2 [MCl4] (M = Cu and Zn), a
distorted tetrahedral (D2d) model is favoured for [CuCl4]2-
and that [ZnCl4]2- possesses a slight distortion from Td
symmetry.
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50
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Abstract
The interactions of H+,
Zn2+, and Cu2+ with adenine and guanine have been
investigated by N.M.R. studies in dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO). The
compounds Zn(adenine)HCl3, Zn(guanine)HCl3, (adenine)HCl,
(adenine)2HCl, (guanine)HCl,H2O and (guanine-H)2[ZnCl4]4H2O
have also been prepared and studied in Me2SO. The last compound as
well as (adenine)2HCl have not been reported previously. N.m.r. spectra are
concentration-dependent and also depend upon the hydrogen ion activity. This
work has shown that there is little correlation between solid state structures
and interactions in solution and, further, that selective line broadening by
the para- magnetic Cu2+ ion is not unequivocally diagnostic of the
binding site in these systems.
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