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Pilla RM, Mette EM, Williamson CE, Adamovich BV, Adrian R, Anneville O, Balseiro E, Ban S, Chandra S, Colom-Montero W, Devlin SP, Dix MA, Dokulil MT, Feldsine NA, Feuchtmayr H, Fogarty NK, Gaiser EE, Girdner SF, González MJ, Hambright KD, Hamilton DP, Havens K, Hessen DO, Hetzenauer H, Higgins SN, Huttula TH, Huuskonen H, Isles PDF, Joehnk KD, Keller WB, Klug J, Knoll LB, Korhonen J, Korovchinsky NM, Köster O, Kraemer BM, Leavitt PR, Leoni B, Lepori F, Lepskaya EV, Lottig NR, Luger MS, Maberly SC, MacIntyre S, McBride C, McIntyre P, Melles SJ, Modenutti B, Müller-Navarra DC, Pacholski L, Paterson AM, Pierson DC, Pislegina HV, Plisnier PD, Richardson DC, Rimmer A, Rogora M, Rogozin DY, Rusak JA, Rusanovskaya OO, Sadro S, Salmaso N, Saros JE, Sarvala J, Saulnier-Talbot É, Schindler DE, Shimaraeva SV, Silow EA, Sitoki LM, Sommaruga R, Straile D, Strock KE, Swain H, Tallant JM, Thiery W, Timofeyev MA, Tolomeev AP, Tominaga K, Vanni MJ, Verburg P, Vinebrooke RD, Wanzenböck J, Weathers K, Weyhenmeyer GA, Zadereev ES, Zhukova TV. Global data set of long-term summertime vertical temperature profiles in 153 lakes. Sci Data 2021; 8:200. [PMID: 34349102 PMCID: PMC8339007 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and other anthropogenic stressors have led to long-term changes in the thermal structure, including surface temperatures, deepwater temperatures, and vertical thermal gradients, in many lakes around the world. Though many studies highlight warming of surface water temperatures in lakes worldwide, less is known about long-term trends in full vertical thermal structure and deepwater temperatures, which have been changing less consistently in both direction and magnitude. Here, we present a globally-expansive data set of summertime in-situ vertical temperature profiles from 153 lakes, with one time series beginning as early as 1894. We also compiled lake geographic, morphometric, and water quality variables that can influence vertical thermal structure through a variety of potential mechanisms in these lakes. These long-term time series of vertical temperature profiles and corresponding lake characteristics serve as valuable data to help understand changes and drivers of lake thermal structure in a time of rapid global and ecological change.
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Grants
- DEB 1754276 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- DEB 1950170 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- 0947096 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- 9318452 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- 9726877 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- 0235755 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- 0743192 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- 1255159 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- 1418698 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Arctic LTER DEB-1637459 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- UOWX1503 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE)
- #18-44-0620 Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
- #20-64-46003 Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
- #20-64-46003 Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
- #20-64-46003 Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
- #20-64-46003 Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
- № 19-04-00362A Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)
- 2017-00635 Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council)
- Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research (BRFFR)
- IGB Long-term Ecological Research Programme
- SOERE OLA, AnaEE-France, INRA Thonon les Bains, SILA (Syndicat Mixte du Lac d'Annecy), CISALB (Comité Intercommunautaire pour l'Assainissement du Lac du Bourget), CIPEL (Commission Internationale pour la protection des eaux du Léman)
- University of Nevada, Reno (UNR)
- UC | University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
- Castle Lake Environmental Research and Education Program
- Flathead Lake Monitoring Program
- U.S. PeaceCorps, Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales of Guatemala
- Institute for water ecology, fish biology and lake research and the Institute for Limnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the EC project 'Response of European Freshwater Lakes to Environmental and Climatic Change' (REFLECT, ENV4-CT97-0453), the EC-project 'Climate Impacts on European Lakes' CLIME, EVK1-CT-2002-00121), the project 'Risk Analysis of Direct and Indirect Climate effects on deep Austrian Lake Ecosystems' (RADICAL) funded by the Austrian Climate and Energy Fund (No. K09ACK00046) – Austrian Climate Research Programme
- Mohonk Preserve
- Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCaPE programme delivering National Capability
- Archbold Biological Station, Florida Lakewatch Program
- Crater Lake National Park Long-Term Limnological Monitoring Program
- Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE)
- Institut für Seenforschung, Langenargen (Intenationale Gewässerschutzkommission für den Bodensee - IGKB)
- UVM | Lake Champlain Sea Grant, University of Vermont (Lake Champlain Sea Grant)
- Lake Champlain Long-term Monitoring program (VT DEC and NY DEC)
- Lake Wallenpaupack Watershed Management District
- Finnish Environment Institute SYKE
- Amt für Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft (AWEL) of the Canton of Zurich
- Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology)
- Canada Research Chairs (Chaires de recherche du Canada)
- Canada Foundation for Innovation (Fondation canadienne pour l'innovation)
- University of Regina (U of R)
- Queen's University Belfast
- Province of Saskatchewan
- Commissione Internazionale per la protezione delle acque italo-svizzere, Ufficio della protezione delle acque e dell'approvvigionamento idrico del Canton Ticino
- North Temperate Lakes LTER NTL-LTER #1440297
- Bay of Plenty Regional Council; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment: Enhancing the Health and Resilience of New Zealand lakes (UOWX1503)
- Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology Plön
- Russian Ministry of Higher Education and Research (projects № FZZE-2020-0026; № FZZE-2020-0023), Foundation for support of applied ecological studies «Lake Baikal» (https://baikalfoundation.ru/project/tochka-1/)
- Belgian Science Policy (Choltic, Climlake, Climfish)
- International Commission for the Protection of Swiss-Italian Waters (CIPAIS); LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) Italian network, site ‘‘Southern Alpine lakes’’, LTER_EU_IT_008
- Joe W. and Dorothy Dorsett Brown Foundation (Joe W. & Dorothy Dorsett Brown Foundation)
- Dorset Environmental Science Centre
- Russian Ministry of Higher Education and Research (projects № FZZE-2020-0026; № FZZE-2020-0023), and of Foundation for support of applied ecological studies «Lake Baikal» (https://baikalfoundation.ru/project/tochka-1/)
- LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) Italian network, site ‘‘Southern Alpine lakes’’, IT08-005-A (http://www.lteritalia.it), with the support of the ARPA Veneto
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)
- the Andrew Mellon Foundation, the Bristol Bay salmon processors
- Long-Term Monitoring of Signy Lake Chemistry by BAS 1963-2004. Ref: GB/NERC/BAS/AEDC/00063; the Polar Data Centre under Open Government Licence © NERC-BAS; CLANIMAE project funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office
- LTSER platform Tyrolean Alps, the national and international long-term ecological research network (LTER‐Austria, LTER Europe and ILTER)
- Archbold Biological Station, the Florida Lakewatch program
- University of Michigan Biological Station, Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research
- West Coast Regional Council & NIWA; Bay of Plenty Regional Council; Waikato Regional Council and NIWA
- Institute for water ecology, fish biology and lake research and the Institute for Limnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences; the EC project 'Response of European Freshwater Lakes to Environmental and Climatic Change' (REFLECT, ENV4-CT97-0453); the EC-project 'Climate Impacts on European Lakes' CLIME, EVK1-CT-2002-00121); the project 'Risk Analysis of Direct and Indirect Climate effects on deep Austrian Lake Ecosystems' (RADICAL) funded by the Austrian Climate and Energy Fund (No. K09ACK00046) – Austrian Climate Research Programme (ACRP, http://www.klimafonds.gv.at)
- Lake Sunapee Protective Association
- Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science (SITES), and Swedish Research Council grant no 2017-00635
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Pilla
- Miami University, Department of Biology, Oxford, Ohio, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Rita Adrian
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Ecosystem Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Orlane Anneville
- INRAE, University of Savoie Mont-Blanc, CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | | | - Syuhei Ban
- University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
| | - Sudeep Chandra
- University of Nevada, Reno, Global Water Center, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Shawn P Devlin
- University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - Margaret A Dix
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala Centro de Estudios Atitlan, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Martin T Dokulil
- University of Innsbruck, Research Department for Limnology Mondsee, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Natalie A Feldsine
- Mohonk Preserve, Daniel Smiley Research Center, New Paltz, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Evelyn E Gaiser
- Florida International University, Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Scott F Girdner
- U.S. National Park Service, Crater Lake National Park, Crater Lake, Oregon, USA
| | | | - K David Hambright
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Biology, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - David P Hamilton
- Griffith University, Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan, Australia
| | - Karl Havens
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dag O Hessen
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Hetzenauer
- LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg, Institut für Seenforschung, Langenargen, Germany
| | - Scott N Higgins
- IISD Experimental Lake Area Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Hannu Huuskonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Peter D F Isles
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Wendel Bill Keller
- Laurentian University, Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jen Klug
- Fairfield University, Biology Department, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lesley B Knoll
- University of Minnesota, Itasca Biological Station and Laboratories, Lake Itasca, Minnesota, USA
| | - Johanna Korhonen
- Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Freshwater Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nikolai M Korovchinsky
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Ecology of Water Communities and Invasions, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oliver Köster
- Zurich Water Supply, City of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin M Kraemer
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Ecosystem Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter R Leavitt
- University of Regina, Institute of Environmental Change and Society, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Fabio Lepori
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Department for Environment, Constructions and Design, Canobbio, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina V Lepskaya
- Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries & Oceanography, now Kamchatka Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
| | - Noah R Lottig
- University of Wisconsin, Center for Limnology, Boulder Junction, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Martin S Luger
- Federal Agency for Water Management, Institute for Aquatic Ecology and Fisheries Management, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Stephen C Maberly
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lake Ecosystems Group, Lancaster, UK
| | - Sally MacIntyre
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Chris McBride
- University of Waikato, Environmental Research Institute, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Peter McIntyre
- University of Wisconsin, Center for Limnology, Boulder Junction, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephanie J Melles
- Ryerson University, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Laura Pacholski
- Dominion Diamond Mines, Environment Department, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew M Paterson
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Dorset, Ontario, Canada
| | - Don C Pierson
- Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Pierre-Denis Plisnier
- University of Liège, Chemical Oceanography Unit, Institut de Physique (B5A), Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Alon Rimmer
- The Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, Israel
| | - Michela Rogora
- CNR Water Research institute, Verbania, Verbania, Pallanza, Italy
| | - Denis Y Rogozin
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center SB RAS, Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - James A Rusak
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Dorset, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Steve Sadro
- University of California Davis, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nico Salmaso
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Jasmine E Saros
- University of Maine, Climate Change Institute, Orono, Maine, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel E Schindler
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Eugene A Silow
- Irkutsk State University, Institute of Biology, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Lewis M Sitoki
- The Technical University of Kenya, Department of Geosciences and the Environment, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruben Sommaruga
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Straile
- University of Konstanz, Limnological Institute, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kristin E Strock
- Dickinson College, Department of Environmental Science, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hilary Swain
- Archbold Biological Station, Venus, Florida, USA
| | - Jason M Tallant
- University of Michigan, Biological Station, Pellston, Michigan, USA
| | - Wim Thiery
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Brussels, Belgium
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander P Tolomeev
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center SB RAS, Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Koji Tominaga
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Piet Verburg
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Rolf D Vinebrooke
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Josef Wanzenböck
- University of Innsbruck, Research Department for Limnology Mondsee, Mondsee, Austria
| | | | - Gesa A Weyhenmeyer
- Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Egor S Zadereev
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center SB RAS, Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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2
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Pilla RM, Williamson CE, Adamovich BV, Adrian R, Anneville O, Chandra S, Colom-Montero W, Devlin SP, Dix MA, Dokulil MT, Gaiser EE, Girdner SF, Hambright KD, Hamilton DP, Havens K, Hessen DO, Higgins SN, Huttula TH, Huuskonen H, Isles PDF, Joehnk KD, Jones ID, Keller WB, Knoll LB, Korhonen J, Kraemer BM, Leavitt PR, Lepori F, Luger MS, Maberly SC, Melack JM, Melles SJ, Müller-Navarra DC, Pierson DC, Pislegina HV, Plisnier PD, Richardson DC, Rimmer A, Rogora M, Rusak JA, Sadro S, Salmaso N, Saros JE, Saulnier-Talbot É, Schindler DE, Schmid M, Shimaraeva SV, Silow EA, Sitoki LM, Sommaruga R, Straile D, Strock KE, Thiery W, Timofeyev MA, Verburg P, Vinebrooke RD, Weyhenmeyer GA, Zadereev E. Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20514. [PMID: 33239702 PMCID: PMC7688658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970–2009) summertime vertical temperature profiles in lakes across the world to examine trends and drivers of whole-lake vertical thermal structure. We found significant increases in surface water temperatures across lakes at an average rate of + 0.37 °C decade−1, comparable to changes reported previously for other lakes, and similarly consistent trends of increasing water column stability (+ 0.08 kg m−3 decade−1). In contrast, however, deepwater temperature trends showed little change on average (+ 0.06 °C decade−1), but had high variability across lakes, with trends in individual lakes ranging from − 0.68 °C decade−1 to + 0.65 °C decade−1. The variability in deepwater temperature trends was not explained by trends in either surface water temperatures or thermal stability within lakes, and only 8.4% was explained by lake thermal region or local lake characteristics in a random forest analysis. These findings suggest that external drivers beyond our tested lake characteristics are important in explaining long-term trends in thermal structure, such as local to regional climate patterns or additional external anthropogenic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Pilla
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
| | | | | | - Rita Adrian
- Department of Ecosystems Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sudeep Chandra
- Global Water Center, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Shawn P Devlin
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA
| | - Margaret A Dix
- Instituto de Investigacones, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Martin T Dokulil
- Research Department for Limnology Mondsee, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Evelyn E Gaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Scott F Girdner
- Crater Lake National Park, U.S. National Park Service, Crater Lake, OR, USA
| | - K David Hambright
- Department of Biology, Plankton Ecology and Limnology Lab and Geographical Ecology Group, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Karl Havens
- Florida Sea Grant and UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dag O Hessen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Timo H Huttula
- Freshwater Center, Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Huuskonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Peter D F Isles
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Ian D Jones
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Wendel Bill Keller
- Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit, Laurentian University, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Lesley B Knoll
- Itasca Biological Station and Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Lake Itasca, MN, USA
| | - Johanna Korhonen
- Freshwater Center, Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benjamin M Kraemer
- Department of Ecosystems Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter R Leavitt
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Co., Antrim, UK
| | - Fabio Lepori
- Department for Environment, Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Canobbio, Switzerland
| | - Martin S Luger
- Federal Agency for Water Management AT, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Stephen C Maberly
- Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, UK
| | - John M Melack
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie J Melles
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Don C Pierson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Alon Rimmer
- The Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, Israel
| | | | - James A Rusak
- Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation, and Parks, Dorset, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Sadro
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nico Salmaso
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele All'Adige, Italy
| | - Jasmine E Saros
- Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | | | - Daniel E Schindler
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin Schmid
- Surface Waters-Research and Management, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | | | - Eugene A Silow
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Lewis M Sitoki
- Department of Geosciences and the Environment, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruben Sommaruga
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Straile
- Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kristin E Strock
- Department of Environmental Science, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, USA
| | - Wim Thiery
- Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Piet Verburg
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Rolf D Vinebrooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gesa A Weyhenmeyer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Egor Zadereev
- Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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3
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Mantzouki E, Lürling M, Fastner J, de Senerpont Domis L, Wilk-Woźniak E, Koreivienė J, Seelen L, Teurlincx S, Verstijnen Y, Krztoń W, Walusiak E, Karosienė J, Kasperovičienė J, Savadova K, Vitonytė I, Cillero-Castro C, Budzyńska A, Goldyn R, Kozak A, Rosińska J, Szeląg-Wasielewska E, Domek P, Jakubowska-Krepska N, Kwasizur K, Messyasz B, Pełechaty A, Pełechaty M, Kokocinski M, García-Murcia A, Real M, Romans E, Noguero-Ribes J, Duque DP, Fernández-Morán E, Karakaya N, Häggqvist K, Demir N, Beklioğlu M, Filiz N, Levi EE, Iskin U, Bezirci G, Tavşanoğlu ÜN, Özhan K, Gkelis S, Panou M, Fakioglu Ö, Avagianos C, Kaloudis T, Çelik K, Yilmaz M, Marcé R, Catalán N, Bravo AG, Buck M, Colom-Montero W, Mustonen K, Pierson D, Yang Y, Raposeiro PM, Gonçalves V, Antoniou MG, Tsiarta N, McCarthy V, Perello VC, Feldmann T, Laas A, Panksep K, Tuvikene L, Gagala I, Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Yağcı MA, Çınar Ş, Çapkın K, Yağcı A, Cesur M, Bilgin F, Bulut C, Uysal R, Obertegger U, Boscaini A, Flaim G, Salmaso N, Cerasino L, Richardson J, Visser PM, Verspagen JMH, Karan T, Soylu EN, Maraşlıoğlu F, Napiórkowska-Krzebietke A, Ochocka A, Pasztaleniec A, Antão-Geraldes AM, Vasconcelos V, Morais J, Vale M, Köker L, Akçaalan R, Albay M, Špoljarić Maronić D, Stević F, Žuna Pfeiffer T, Fonvielle J, Straile D, Rothhaupt KO, Hansson LA, Urrutia-Cordero P, Bláha L, Geriš R, Fránková M, Koçer MAT, Alp MT, Remec-Rekar S, Elersek T, Triantis T, Zervou SK, Hiskia A, Haande S, Skjelbred B, Madrecka B, Nemova H, Drastichova I, Chomova L, Edwards C, Sevindik TO, Tunca H, Önem B, Aleksovski B, Krstić S, Vucelić IB, Nawrocka L, Salmi P, Machado-Vieira D, de Oliveira AG, Delgado-Martín J, García D, Cereijo JL, Gomà J, Trapote MC, Vegas-Vilarrúbia T, Obrador B, Grabowska M, Karpowicz M, Chmura D, Úbeda B, Gálvez JÁ, Özen A, Christoffersen KS, Warming TP, Kobos J, Mazur-Marzec H, Pérez-Martínez C, Ramos-Rodríguez E, Arvola L, Alcaraz-Párraga P, Toporowska M, Pawlik-Skowronska B, Niedźwiecki M, Pęczuła W, Leira M, Hernández A, Moreno-Ostos E, Blanco JM, Rodríguez V, Montes-Pérez JJ, Palomino RL, Rodríguez-Pérez E, Carballeira R, Camacho A, Picazo A, Rochera C, Santamans AC, Ferriol C, Romo S, Soria JM, Dunalska J, Sieńska J, Szymański D, Kruk M, Kostrzewska-Szlakowska I, Jasser I, Žutinić P, Gligora Udovič M, Plenković-Moraj A, Frąk M, Bańkowska-Sobczak A, Wasilewicz M, Özkan K, Maliaka V, Kangro K, Grossart HP, Paerl HW, Carey CC, Ibelings BW. Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040156. [PMID: 29652856 PMCID: PMC5923322 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Mantzouki
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jutta Fastner
- German Environment Agency, Unit Drinking Water Resources and Water Treatment, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lisette de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Judita Koreivienė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | - Laura Seelen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sven Teurlincx
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvon Verstijnen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wojciech Krztoń
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Edward Walusiak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jūratė Karosienė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | | | - Ksenija Savadova
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | - Irma Vitonytė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | | | - Agnieszka Budzyńska
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Goldyn
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Kozak
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rosińska
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Domek
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Kinga Kwasizur
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Beata Messyasz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Mariusz Pełechaty
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Mikolaj Kokocinski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ana García-Murcia
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Monserrat Real
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elvira Romans
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Noguero-Ribes
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Parreño Duque
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Nusret Karakaya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280 Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Kerstin Häggqvist
- Department of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Åbo, Finland.
| | - Nilsun Demir
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ankara University, 6100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Meryem Beklioğlu
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nur Filiz
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Eti E. Levi
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Uğur Iskin
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Bezirci
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Koray Özhan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Oceanography, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Spyros Gkelis
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Manthos Panou
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Özden Fakioglu
- Department of Basic Science, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Christos Avagianos
- Water Quality Department, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company, 11146 Athens, Greece.
| | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Water Quality Department, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company, 11146 Athens, Greece.
| | - Kemal Çelik
- Department of Biology, Balikesir University, 10145 Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Mete Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Bursa Technical University, 16310 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Rafael Marcé
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Catalán
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain.
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andrea G. Bravo
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Moritz Buck
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - William Colom-Montero
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Kristiina Mustonen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Don Pierson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Pedro M. Raposeiro
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO-Azores), InBIO Associated Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Vítor Gonçalves
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO-Azores), InBIO Associated Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Maria G. Antoniou
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus.
| | - Nikoletta Tsiarta
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus.
| | - Valerie McCarthy
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, A91 K584 Dundalk, Ireland.
| | - Victor C. Perello
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, A91 K584 Dundalk, Ireland.
| | - Tõnu Feldmann
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Alo Laas
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kristel Panksep
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Lea Tuvikene
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ilona Gagala
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90364 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joana Mankiewicz-Boczek
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90364 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Meral Apaydın Yağcı
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Şakir Çınar
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Kadir Çapkın
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Abdulkadir Yağcı
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Cesur
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Fuat Bilgin
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Cafer Bulut
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rahmi Uysal
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Ulrike Obertegger
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Adriano Boscaini
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Flaim
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Nico Salmaso
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Cerasino
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Jessica Richardson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Petra M. Visser
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolanda M. H. Verspagen
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tünay Karan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Merkez, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | - Agnieszka Ochocka
- Department of Freshwater Protection, Institute of Environmental Protection- National Research Institute, 01-692 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Pasztaleniec
- Department of Freshwater Protection, Institute of Environmental Protection- National Research Institute, 01-692 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ana M. Antão-Geraldes
- Centro de Investigação da Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) and University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - João Morais
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) and University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Micaela Vale
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) and University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Latife Köker
- Department of Freshwater Resource and Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Reyhan Akçaalan
- Department of Freshwater Resource and Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Meriç Albay
- Department of Freshwater Resource and Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Filip Stević
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jeremy Fonvielle
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Straile
- Department of Biology, Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Karl-Otto Rothhaupt
- Department of Biology, Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | | | - Pablo Urrutia-Cordero
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Luděk Bláha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rodan Geriš
- Department of Hydrobiology, Morava Board Authority, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Fránková
- Laboratory of Paleoecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Mehmet Ali Turan Koçer
- Department of Environment and Resource Management, Mediterranean Fisheries Research Production and Training Institute, 7090 Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Tahir Alp
- Faculty of Aquaculture, Mersin University, 33160 Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Spela Remec-Rekar
- Department ofWater Quality, Slovenian Environmental Agency, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tina Elersek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Theodoros Triantis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research «DEMOKRITOS», 15341 Attiki, Greece.
| | - Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research «DEMOKRITOS», 15341 Attiki, Greece.
| | - Anastasia Hiskia
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research «DEMOKRITOS», 15341 Attiki, Greece.
| | - Sigrid Haande
- Department of Freshwater Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Birger Skjelbred
- Department of Freshwater Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Beata Madrecka
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Hana Nemova
- National Reference Center for Hydrobiology, Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, 82645 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Iveta Drastichova
- National Reference Center for Hydrobiology, Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, 82645 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lucia Chomova
- National Reference Center for Hydrobiology, Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, 82645 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | | | - Hatice Tunca
- Department of Biology, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Burçin Önem
- Department of Biology, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Boris Aleksovski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, SS Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Svetislav Krstić
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, SS Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Itana Bokan Vucelić
- Department for Ecotoxicology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Lidia Nawrocka
- Institute of Technology, The State University of Applied Sciences, 82300 Elblag, Poland.
| | - Pauliina Salmi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Danielle Machado-Vieira
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-970 Paraíba, Brasil.
| | | | | | - David García
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of A Coruña, 15192 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Jose Luís Cereijo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of A Coruña, 15192 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Joan Gomà
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mari Carmen Trapote
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Biel Obrador
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Grabowska
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Bialystok, 15245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Maciej Karpowicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Bialystok, 15245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Damian Chmura
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
| | - Bárbara Úbeda
- Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - José Ángel Gálvez
- Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Arda Özen
- Department of Forest Engineering, University of Cankiri Karatekin, 18200 Cankiri, Turkey.
| | | | - Trine Perlt Warming
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Justyna Kobos
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, 81378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, 81378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | | | | | - Lauri Arvola
- Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, 16900 Lammi, Finland.
| | - Pablo Alcaraz-Párraga
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Jaen, 23701 Jaen, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Toporowska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawlik-Skowronska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał Niedźwiecki
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Pęczuła
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Manel Leira
- Instituto Dom Luiz, University of Lisbon, 1749016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Armand Hernández
- Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, ICTJA, CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Carballeira
- Centro de Investigacións Cientificas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Picazo
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Rochera
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Anna C. Santamans
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ferriol
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Romo
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Juan Miguel Soria
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain. (J.M.S.)
| | - Julita Dunalska
- Department ofWater Protection Engineering, University ofWarmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Justyna Sieńska
- Department ofWater Protection Engineering, University ofWarmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Daniel Szymański
- Department ofWater Protection Engineering, University ofWarmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marek Kruk
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | | | - Iwona Jasser
- Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University ofWarsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Petar Žutinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Gligora Udovič
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Magdalena Frąk
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bańkowska-Sobczak
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Wasilewicz
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Korhan Özkan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Marine Biology and Fisheries, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Valentini Maliaka
- Society for the Protection of Prespa, 53077 Agios Germanos, Greece.
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kersti Kangro
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
- Tartu Observatory, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 61602 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 28557, USA.
| | - Cayelan C. Carey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Bas W. Ibelings
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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