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Patient-specific iPSC-derived cellular models of LGMDR1. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102333. [PMID: 33862537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy recessive 1 (LGMDR1) represents one of the most common types of LGMD in the population, where patients develop a progressive muscle degeneration. The disease is caused by mutations in calpain 3 gene, with over 500 mutations reported to date. However, the molecular events that lead to muscle wasting are not clear, nor the reasons for the great clinical variability among patients, and this has so far hindered the development of effective therapies. Here we generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from skin fibroblasts of 2 healthy controls and 4 LGMDR1 patients with different mutations. The generated lines were able to differentiate into myogenic progenitors and myotubes in vitro and in vivo, upon a transient PAX7 overexpressing protocol. Thus, we have generated myogenic cellular models of LGMDR1 that harbor different CAPN3 mutations within a human genetic background, and which do not derive from muscular biopsies. These models will allow us to investigate disease mechanisms and test therapies. Despite the variability found among iPSC lines that was unrelated to CAPN3 mutations, we found that patient-derived myogenic progenitors and myotubes express lower levels of DMD, which codes a key protein in satellite cell regulation and myotube maturation.
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Advanced cell-based modeling of the royal disease: characterization of the mutated F9 mRNA. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2188-2197. [PMID: 28834196 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Essentials The Royal disease (RD) is a form of hemophilia B predicted to be caused by a splicing mutation. We generated an iPSC-based model of the disease allowing mechanistic studies at the RNA level. F9 mRNA analysis in iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells showed the predicted abnormal splicing. Mutated F9 mRNA level was very low but we also found traces of wild type transcripts. SUMMARY Background The royal disease is a form of hemophilia B (HB) that affected many descendants of Queen Victoria in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was found to be caused by the mutation F9 c.278-3A>G. Objective To generate a physiological cell model of the disease and to study F9 expression at the RNA level. Methods Using fibroblasts from skin biopsies of a previously identified hemophilic patient bearing the F9 c.278-3A>G mutation and his mother, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Both the patient's and mother's iPSCs were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and their F9 mRNA was analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results and Conclusion We demonstrated the previously predicted aberrant splicing of the F9 transcript as a result of an intronic nucleotide substitution leading to a frameshift and the generation of a premature termination codon (PTC). The F9 mRNA level in the patient's HLCs was significantly reduced compared with that of his mother, suggesting that mutated transcripts undergo nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), a cellular mechanism that degrades PTC-containing mRNAs. We also detected small proportions of correctly spliced transcripts in the patient's HLCs, which, combined with genetic variability in splicing and NMD machineries, could partially explain some clinical variability among affected members of the European royal families who had lifespans above the average. This work allowed the demonstration of the pathologic consequences of an intronic mutation in the F9 gene and represents the first bona fide cellular model of HB allowing the study of rare mutations at the RNA level.
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Diminished expression of complement regulatory proteins (CD55 and CD59) in lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus patients with lymphopenia. Lupus 2016; 15:600-5. [PMID: 17080916 DOI: 10.1177/0961203306071916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CD55 and CD59 are glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins with complement inhibitory properties. Lymphopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been associated with autoantibodies targeting nuclear antigens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface density of CD55 and CD59 in T and B lymphocytes from patients with SLE and lymphopenia and its possible correlation with the presence of common SLE autoantibodies. Flow cytometric analyses were performed on CD55 and CD59 stained CD3 and CD19 cells from 40 SLE patients, 30 with lymphopenia and 10 without it, and 25 healthy controls. Autoantibodies were detected in the sera by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mean fluorescence intensity of CD55 and CD59 in T and B cells was significantly diminished in SLE patients with lymphopenia when compared with healthy subjects. Interestingly, the opposite was found in T and B cells from non-lymphopenic SLE patients. Although there was no correlation between CD55 and CD59 surface density and the presence of any specificity of the autoantibodies tested, higher titres of anti-dsDNA, anti-SM and anti-ribosomal p antibodies were significantly associated with lymphopenia. The deficiency of CD55 and CD59 expression may play a role in the pathophysiology of lymphopenia, most likely by increasing the susceptibility of cells to complement mediated cytolysis.
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Poster session 2Morphogenetic mechanisms290MiR-133 regulates retinoic acid pathway during early cardiac chamber specification291Bmp2 regulates atrial differentiation through miR-130 during early heart looping formationDevelopmental genetics294Association of deletion allele of insertion/deletion polymorphism in alpha 2B adrenoceptor gene and hypertension with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus295Association of G1359A polymorphism of the endocannabinoid type 1 receptor (CNR1) with coronary artery disease (CAD) with type 2 diabetes mellitusCell growth, differentiation and stem cells - Vascular298Gamma-secretase inhibitor prevents proliferation and migration of ductus arteriosus smooth muscle cells: a role of Notch signaling in postnatal closure of ductus arteriosus299Mesenchymal stromal-like cells (MLCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells: a promising therapeutic option to promote neovascularization300Sonic Hedgehog promotes mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to vascular smooth muscle cells in cardiovacsular disease301Proinflammatory cytokine secretion and epigenetic modification in endothelial cells treated LPS-GinfivalisCell death and apoptosis - Vascular304Mitophagy acts as a safeguard mechanism against human vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis induced by atherogenic lipidsTranscriptional control and RNA species - Vascular307MicroRNA-34a role in vascular calcification308Local delivery of a miR-146a inhibitor utilizing a clinically applicable approach attenuates neointima formation after vascular injury309Long noncoding RNA landscape of hypoxic endothelial cells310Specific circulating microRNAs levels associate with hypertension, hyperglycemia and dysfunctional HDL in acute coronary syndrome patientsCytokines and cellular inflammation - Vascular313Phosphodiesterase5A up-regulation in vascular endothelium under pro-inflammatory conditions: a newly disclosed anti-inflammatory activity for the omega-3polyunsaturated aatty acid docosahexaenoic acid314Cardiovascular risk modifying with extra-low dose anticytokine drugs in rhematoid arthritis315Conversion of human M-CSF macrophages into foam cells reduces their proinflammatory responses to classical M1-polarizing activation316Lymphocytic myocarditis coincides with increased plaque inflammation and plaque hemorrhage in coronary arteries, facilitating myocardial infarction317Serum osteoprotegerin level predictsdeclined numerous of circulating endothelial- derived and mononuclear-derived progenitor cells in patients with metabolic syndromeGrowth factors and neurohormones - Vascular320Effect of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) on vascular inflammationSignal transduction - Heart323A new synthetic peptide regulates hypertrophy in vitro through means of the inhibition of nfkb324Inducible fibroblast-specific knockout of p38 alpha map kinase is cardioprotective in a mouse model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy325Regulation of beta-adrenoceptor-evoked inotropic responses by inhibitory G protein, adenylyl cyclase isoforms 5 and 6 and phosphodiesterases326Binding to RGS3 and stimulation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors modulates the substrate specificity of p190RhoGAP in cardiac myocytes327Cardiac regulation of post-translational modifications, parylation and deacetylation in LMNA dilated cardiomyopathy mouse model328Beta-adrenergic regulation of the b56delta/pp2a holoenzyme in cardiac myocytes through b56delta phosphorylation at serine 573Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species - Vascular331Oxidative stress-induced miR-200c disrupts the regulatory loop among SIRT1, FOXO1 and eNOS332Antioxidant therapy prevents oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and Enhances Wound Healing333Morphological and biochemical characterization of red blood cell in coronary artery diseaseCytoskeleton and mechanotransduction - Heart336Novel myosin activator, JSH compounds, increased myocardial contractility without chronotropic effect in ratsExtracellular matrix and fibrosis - Vascular339Ablation of Toll-like receptor 9 causes cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction by attenuating proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts340Altered vascular remodeling in the mouse hind limb ischemia model in Factor VII activating protease (FSAP) deficiencyVasculogenesis, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis343Pro-angiogenic effects of proly-hydroxylase inhibitors and their potential for use in a novel strategy of therapeutic angiogenesis for coronary total occlusion344Nrf2 drives angiogenesis in transcription-independent manner: new function of the master regulator of oxidative stress response345Angiogenic gene therapy, despite efficient vascular growth, is not able to improve muscle function in normoxic or chronically ischemic rabbit hindlimbs -role of capillary arterialization and shunting346Effect of PAR-1 inhibition on collateral vessel growth in the murine hind limb model347Quaking is a key regulator of endothelial cell differentiation, neovascularization and angiogenesis348"Emerging angiogenesis" in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). An in vivo study349Exosomes from cardiomyocyte progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells stimulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo via EMMPRINEndothelium352Reciprocal regulation of GRK2 and bradykinin receptor stimulation modulate Ca2+ intracellular level in endothelial cells353The roles of bone morphogenetic proteins 9 and 10 in endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis354The contribution of GPR55 to the L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol-induced vasorelaxation in isolated human pulmonary arteries355The endothelial protective ACE inhibitor Zofenoprilat exerts anti-inflammatory activities through H2S production356A new class of glycomimetic drugs to prevent free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction357Endothelial progenitor cells to apoptotic endothelial cell-derived microparticles ration differentiatesas preserved from reduced ejection fractionheart failure358Proosteogenic genes are activated in endothelial cells of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm359Endothelin ETB receptors mediate relaxing responses to insulin in pericardial resistance arteries from patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD)Smooth muscle and pericytes362CX3CR1 positive myeloid cells regulate vascular smooth muscle tone by inducing calcium oscillations via activation of IP3 receptors363A novel function of PI3Kg on cAMP regulation, role in arterial wall hyperplasia through modulation of smooth muscle cells proliferation364NRP1 and NRP2 play important roles in the development of neointimal hyperplasia in vivo365Azithromycin induces autophagy in aortic smooth muscle cellsCoagulation, thrombosis and platelets368The real time in vivo evaluation of platelet-dependent aldosterone prothrombotic action in mice369Development of a method for in vivo detection of active thrombi in mice370The antiplatelet effects of structural analogs of the taurine chloramine371The influence of heparin anticoagulant drugs on functional state of human platelets372Regulation of platelet aggregation and adenosine diphosphate release by d dimer in acute coronary syndrome (in vitro study)Oxygen sensing, ischaemia and reperfusion375Sirtuin 5 mediates brain injury in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion376Abscisic acid: a new player in cardiomyocyte protection from ischaemia?377Protective effects of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um) in myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury in vivo378Identification of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using cardiac specific markers and additional testing of these cells in simulated ischemia/reperfusion system379Single-dose intravenous metformin treatment could afford significant protection of the injured rat kidney in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion380Cardiotoxicity of long acting muscarinic receptor antagonists used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease381Dependence antioxidant potential on the concentration of amino acids382The impact of ischemia-reperfusion on physiological parameters,apoptosis and ultrastructure of rabbit myocardium with experimental aterosclerosisMitochondria and energetics385MicroRNA-1 dependent regulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in normal and hypertrophied hearts386Mitochondrial homeostasis and cardioprotection: common targets for desmin and aB-crystallin387Overexpression of mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) and associated mitochondrial dysfunction in the diabetic heart388NO-dependent prevention of permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening by H2S and its regulation of Ca2+ accumulation in rat heart mitochondria389G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is fundamental in recovering mitochondrial morphology and function after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR)Gender issues392Sex differences in pulmonary vascular control; focus on the nitric oxide pathwayAging395Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction develops when feeding western diet to senescence-accelerated mice396Cardiovascular markers as predictors of cognitive decline in elderly hypertensive patients397Changes in connexin43 in old rats with volume overload chronic heart failureGenetics and epigenetics400Calcium content in the aortic valve is associated with 1G>2G matrix metalloproteinase 1 polymorphism401Neuropeptide receptor gene s (NPSR1) polymorphism and sleep disturbances402Endothelin-1 gene Lys198Asn polymorphism in men with essential hypertension complicated and uncomplicated with chronic heart failure403Association of common polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase and pon1 genes with the metabolic syndrome in a sample of community participantsGenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and glycomics405Gene expression quantification using multiplexed color-coded probe pairs to determine RNA content in sporadic cardiac myxoma406Large-scale phosphorylation study of the type 2 diabetic heart subjected to ischemia / reperfusion injury407Transcriptome-based identification of new anti-inflammatory properties of the olive oil hydroxytyrosol in vascular endothelial cell under basal and proinflammatory conditions408Gene polymorphisms combinations and risk of myocardial infarctionComputer modelling, bioinformatics and big data411Comparison of the repolarization reserve in three state-of-the-art models of the human ventricular action potentialMetabolism, diabetes mellitus and obesity414Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-II improves heart function in type -I Diabetes mellitus415Admission glucose level is independent predictor of impaired left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a two dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography study416Association between biochemical markers of lipid profile and inflammatory reaction and stiffness of the vascular wall in hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity417Multiple common co-morbidities produce left ventricular diastolic dysfunction associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction, oxidative stress and myocardial stiffening418Investigating the cardiovascular effects of antiretroviral drugs in a lean and high fat/sucrose diet rat model of obesity419Statins in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our experience from a 2-year prospective study in Constanta County, Romania420Epicardial adipose tissue as a predictor of cardiovascular outcome in patients with ACS undergoing PCI?Arterial and pulmonary hypertension423Dependence between heart rhythm disorers and ID polymorphism of ACE gene in hypertensive patients424Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Urocortin 2 in pulmonary arterial hypertension425Inhibition of TGf-b axis and action of renin-angiotensin system in human ascending aorta aneurysms426Early signs of microcirculation and macrocirculation abnormalities in prehypertension427Vascular smooth muscle cell-expressed Tie-2 controls vascular tone428Cardiac and vascular remodelling in the development of chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension in a novel swine modelBiomarkers431Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: a new, non invasive biomarker432Can circulating microRNAs distinguish type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction?433Design of a high-throughput multiplex proteomics assay to identify left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in diabetes434Monocyte-derived and P-selectin-carrying microparticles are differently modified by a low fat diet in patients with cardiovascular risk factors who will and who will not develop a cardiovascular event435Red blood cell distribution width assessment by polychromatic interference microscopy of thin films in chronic heart failure436Invasive and noninvasive evaluation of quality of radiofrequency-induced cardiac denervation in patients with atrial fibrillation437The effect of therapeutic hypothermia on the level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in sera following cardiopulmonary resustitation438Novel biomarkers to predict outcome in patients with heart failure and severe aortic stenosis439Biological factors linking depression and anxiety to cardiovascular disease440Troponins and myoglobin dynamic at coronary arteries graftingInvasive, non-invasive and molecular imaging443Diet composition effects on the genetic typing of the mouse ob mutation: a micro-ultrasound characterization of cardiac function, macro and micro circulation and liver steatosis444Characterization of pig coronary and rabbit aortic lesions using IV-OCT quantitative analysis: correlations with histologyGene therapy and cell therapy447Enhancing the survival and angiogenic potential of mouse atrial mesenchymal cells448VCAM-1 expression in experimental myocardial infarction and its relation to bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell retentionTissue engineering451Advanced multi layered scaffold that increases the maturity of stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes452Response of engineered heart tissue to simulated ischemia/reperfusion in the presence of acute hyperglycemic conditions453Serum albumin hydrogels prevent de-differentiation of neonatal cardiomyocytes454A novel paintbrush technique for transfer of low viscosity ultraviolet light curable cyan methacrylate on saline immersed in-vitro sheep heart. Cardiovasc Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Quantitative and qualitative normal regulatory T cells are not capable of inducing suppression in SLE patients due to T-cell resistance. Lupus 2008; 17:289-94. [PMID: 18413409 DOI: 10.1177/0961203307088307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have suggested that regulatory T cells (Treg) are abnormal in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the present work, we quantified CD4+FOXP3+ Treg cells in patients with SLE and found no quantitative alterations. However, we found a clear defect in suppression assays. Surprisingly, SLE-derived Treg cells exhibited a normal phenotype and functional capacity. Conversely, SLE-derived CD4+CD25(-) effector T cells resisted suppression by autologous and allogeneic regulatory cells. Our findings strongly suggest that the defect in T-cell suppression observed in SLE is because of effector cell resistance and not because of an abnormal regulatory function.
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Interleukin-6 and chemokines in the neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1242-50. [PMID: 17393453 DOI: 10.1002/art.22451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the cytokine and chemokine profile in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). METHODS Forty-two SLE patients who had been hospitalized because of NP manifestations were studied. Patients were evaluated at hospitalization and 6 months later; a CSF sample was obtained at each evaluation. As controls, CSF from 6 SLE patients with septic meningitis, 16 SLE patients with no history of NP manifestations (non-NPSLE), and 25 patients with nonautoimmune diseases were also studied. Soluble molecules, including cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFalpha], and interferon-gamma [IFNgamma]) and chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP-1], RANTES, IL-8, monokine induced by IFNgamma [MIG], and interferon-gamma-inducible 10-kd protein [IP-10]), were measured with the use of cytometric bead array kits. RESULTS CSF levels of the following molecules were significantly increased in NPSLE patients as compared with non-NPSLE and nonautoimmune diseases control patients, respectively: IL-6 (32.7 versus 3.0 and 2.96 pg/ml), IL-8 (102.8 versus 29.97 and 19.7 pg/ml), IP-10 (888.2 versus 329.7 [P not significant] and 133.6 pg/ml), RANTES (3.8 versus 2.5 and 2.2 pg/ml), MCP-1 (401.7 versus 257.9 [P not significant] and 136.9 pg/ml), and MIG (35.4 versus 11.4 and 3.5 pg/ml). Low levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNFalpha, and IFNgamma were found in all groups. All cytokines and chemokines, except TNFalpha, were significantly higher among the SLE patients with septic meningitis than among the NPSLE patients. Six months later and in the absence of NP manifestations, all elevated molecule levels, except RANTES, in patients with NPSLE had decreased significantly, and no differences were noted between the NPSLE and non-NPSLE groups. CONCLUSION A central nervous system response composed of IL-6 and chemokines, but not Th1/Th2 cytokines, is associated with NP manifestations in SLE patients.
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The gut: beyond immunology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 1:121-8. [PMID: 21794247 DOI: 10.1016/s1699-258x(05)72725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is characterized by the ability to distinguish self from non-self. The intestinal immune system bears this latter property but, furthermore, it must discriminate among nutritious and beneficial substances from toxic or harmful ones. Considering that the gut has to be colonized by commensal bacteria participating in digestion as well as in the control of pathogen microorganisms, it is not surprising that mucosal surfaces are the largest and probably the most exquisitely specialized immune system's compartment. This means that not only innate and adaptive immunity are present, but further, particular structures, cells, and mechanisms such as physical barrriers, epithelia, Peyer's patches, M cells among others, which together are involved in the dynamic control of the homeostasis between gut and its flora. The present review deals with some popular conceptions about the digestive system with particular emphasis on the gut's immunology.
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Effect of rapamycin on cytokine profile in kidney transplant recipients treated with triple drug therapy. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:1661-3. [PMID: 15350444 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to explore differences in the cytokine profile among de novo kidney transplant recipients treated with either Rapamycin (Rapa) + cyclosporine (CsA) + prednisone (P) or CsA + azathioprine (Aza) + P. PATIENTS AND METHODS Among the 13 adult kidney transplant recipients studied, seven received Rapa + CsA + P while the remaining six received CsA + Aza + P with their living donors serving as controls (n = 13). Spontaneous production of IL-2, IFNgamma, IL-10, and TGF-beta were measured by ELISA in supernatants from 24-hour cultured unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) at time zero (the day before the transplant), and at 3 and 6 months posttransplant. Cytokines were also measured 1 month after CsA withdrawal in the Rapa + CsA + P group. RESULTS From time zero to the end of the study, IL-2, IFNgamma, and IL-10 were present at low or undetectable levels in all three groups. TGF-beta tended to increase in supernatants from patients under Rapa + CsA + P at 6 months posttransplant and at 1 month after CsA withdrawal without correlation to Rapa blood levels. TGF-beta remained stable throughout the study period for patients included in the CsA + Aza + P group. There was no difference in this cytokine level between these study groups at any given time. CONCLUSIONS This study showed no differences in the spontaneous cytokine profiles evaluated in patients treated with both therapeutic schemes.
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Abstract
Little is known about the immune system of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during periods of silent disease. To address this issue we analysed lymphoid populations andcytokine production of mononuclear cells obtained from SLE patients in remission. We studied 43 patients with inactive disease, 10 with active disease and 30 controls. Remission was defined as at least 1 year during which lack of clinical disease activity permitted withdrawal of all treatment. Remission length ranged from 1 to 30 years. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to study lymphoid populations (CD4, CD8 and CD19) and cytokine production (IL-2, 4, 10, 12 and 18). Patients with short remission periods (up to 15 years) exhibited an increased percentage of B cells; production of IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12 was decreased; production of IL-18 was increased. Interestingly, patients from groups with long time of inactive disease had corrected most alterations, but had an impaired IL-18 expression. IL-12 production correlated strongly with the length of the remission period (r = 0.7565). The immune system of patients with inactive lupus has partially corrected the disturbances present during disease activity. This is accomplished gradually, sometimes until counter-regulatory alterations are developed. This may allow patients to remain without disease activity.
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P-glycoprotein in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1568-9972(03)00106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) expressing the CD8 antigen have a frequency of less than 0.5% of all cases, however, they are not yet been fully characterized. Herein a CD8+ CLL case was extensively studied. Besides the classical CLL antigen expression, an unusual presence of surface markers such as CD11c, CD56, and CD154 was observed. Moreover, gene expression of chemokine receptors belonging to the CCR family were clearly evidenced as well as mRNA for both, Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Likewise, granzyme A, B and perforin gene expression, cytotoxic T cell or NK enzymes were found. The intricate profile of membrane molecules and gene expression suggest that it could be favorable, rather than deletereous, for the maintainance of the neoplastic process.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus with thyroiditis: a therapeutic dilemma? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002; 20:114-5. [PMID: 11892696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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[Multidrug resistance: a century after "606"]. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACION CLINICA; ORGANO DEL HOSPITAL DE ENFERMEDADES DE LA NUTRICION 2001; 53:444-51. [PMID: 11795110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Adult
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Arsphenamine/history
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Genes, MDR
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- Humans
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Rheumatic Diseases/drug therapy
- Verapamil/pharmacology
- Verapamil/therapeutic use
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Bacterial DNA in synovial fluid cells of patients with juvenile onset spondyloarthropathies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40:920-7. [PMID: 11511762 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/40.8.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify bacterial DNA in synovial fluid cells of patients with active juvenile onset spondyloarthropathy (SpA). METHODS The main group of study constituted 22 patients with juvenile onset SpA. In addition, five patients with adult onset SpA and nine with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with either genus- or species-specific primers was performed on synovial fluid cells to detect DNA sequences of Chlamydia trachomatis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Campylobacter sp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The presence of antibacterial antibodies in sera and synovial fluid was also determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS The synovial fluid of nine patients with juvenile onset SpA, three with adult onset SpA and one with RA contained bacterial DNA. Five juvenile onset SpA samples had DNA of one single bacterium; two juvenile onset SpA and three adult onset SpA had DNA of two bacteria and two juvenile onset SpA had DNA of three bacteria. Overall, Salmonella sp. DNA was detected in seven synovial fluid samples, Shigella sp., Campylobacter sp. and M. tuberculosis were found in four samples each, and C. trachomatis was found in two. The bacterial DNA findings correlated with neither diagnosis nor disease duration. One RA synovial fluid had DNA of Campylobacter sp. Neither serum nor synovial fluid antibacterial antibodies correlated with DNA findings or clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSION In this study, single and several combinations of bacterial DNA were identified in the synovial fluid of patients with long-term undifferentiated and definite juvenile onset SpA and adult onset SpA. Of relevance is that bacterial DNA corresponds to bacteria producing endemic disease in our population.
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Abstract
Immune imbalance in SLE increases the susceptibility to infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze several mechanisms related to non-specific immunity in this autoimmune disorder. We studied in vivo CD11b expression, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis in polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) from SLE patients. All tests were also performed under hrIL-8 stimulating conditions and analyzed by flow cytometry. Intracellular leucocyte (monocytes and PMN) enzyme activity was evaluated using specific substrates for cathepsin B and D, collagenase, and oxidative burst by flow cytoenzymology. An exaggerated in vivo CD11b expression was observed on PMN from SLE patients without noticeably in vitro effect upon hrIL-8. Similarly both, phagocytosis and chemotaxis were diminished and showed no response to hrIL-8 stimulation. The opposite was found in PMN from controls. Intracellular enzyme activity was comparable between groups as far as cathepsin B and D are concerned. A tendency of decreased oxidative-burst induction was noted in monocytes and PMN from SLE patients, whereas collagenase activity was found clearly increased in both leucocyte subpopulations. Our results may represent a deficient ability of the innate immune mechanisms for the clearance of infectious agents, immune complexes, satisfactory resolution of inflammatory processes and tissue repair in SLE.
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Innate immune response mechanisms in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients assessed by flow cytoenzymology. Immunol Lett 2000; 74:239-44. [PMID: 11064109 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that infections in patients with diabetes mellitus are more severe, although there is controversy for increased susceptibility to them. Non-specific immune response mechanisms could be related to defense and/or susceptibility to pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of several enzymes involved in the primary host defense mechanisms in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Twenty NIDDM females with a mean HbA(1c) level of 8.19% were included. No patient had clinical evidence of infection. As controls 20 healthy females were studied. The enzymes tested were dipeptidyl-peptidase I (DPP-I), cathepsin B and D, NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase (oxidative burst) and collagenase. Isolated leukocytes were incubated with the specific substrates in pyrogen free conditions. The intracellular enzyme activity was analyzed by flow cytometry. Collagenase enzymatic activity was similar in the three leukocyte subpopulations studied. Oxidative burst induction in monocytes was comparable between both groups. Enzyme activity of cathepsin B and D in all cell subsets, oxidative burst in PMN cells, and DPP-I in lymphocytes and monocytes from patients, was higher than those from healthy females (P<0.05). Overall, our findings demonstrate an enhanced functional status of several intracellular leukocyte enzymes in NIDDM. Furthermore, the increased oxidative burst induction and the consequent production of free radicals, may contribute to vascular complications. Other mechanisms - either from the non-specific or specific immune response - deserve investigation to establish if diabetic patients are more susceptible to infectious diseases.
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Clinical and biologic effects of anti-interleukin-10 monoclonal antibody administration in systemic lupus erythematosus. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2000; 43:1790-800. [PMID: 10943869 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1790::aid-anr15>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of administering an anti-interleukin-10 (anti-IL-10) monoclonal antibody (mAb) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with active and steroid-dependent disease. In addition, we sought to assess the effects of in vivo IL-10 neutralization on biologic markers of SLE. METHODS Treatment consisted of 20 mg/day intravenous administration of an anti-IL-10 murine mAb (B-N10) for 21 consecutive days, with a followup period of 6 months. Six patients were studied. RESULTS Treatment was safe and well tolerated. All patients developed antibodies against B-N10. Cutaneous lesions and joint symptoms improved in all patients beginning during B-N10 administration and continuing to month 6. The SLE Disease Activity Index decreased from a mean +/- SEM of 8.83+/-0.91 on day 1 to 3.67+/-0.67 on day 21 (P = 0.001), 1.50+/-0.84 at month 2, and 1.33+/-0.80 at month 6 (P<0.001). At the end of followup, the disease was clinically inactive in 5 of the 6 patients. Prednisone administration was decreased from a mean +/- SEM of 27.9+/-5.7 mg/day on day 1 to 9.6+/-2.0 mg/day at month 6 (P<0.005). Activity of immune and endothelial cells rapidly decreased, as assessed by the early evolution of several biologic markers. CONCLUSION This is the first report of IL-10 antagonist administration to humans. The study shows the involvement of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of SLE, and indicates that the use of IL-10 antagonists may be beneficial in the management of refractory SLE.
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High prevalence of protein-dependent and protein-independent antiphospholipid and other autoantibodies in healthy elders. Thromb Res 2000; 99:129-33. [PMID: 10946086 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(00)00243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) in rheumatic autoimmune disorders. Part II: Increased P-glycoprotein activity in lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus patients might affect steroid requirements for disease control. Joint Bone Spine 2000; 67:40-8. [PMID: 10773967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-expression of the membrane glycoprotein called P-glycoprotein has been widely observed in a variety of both normal and neoplastic cells. P-glycoprotein is a pump molecule that transports hydrophobic drugs (including steroids) and toxins outside the cells, thus inhibiting their therapeutic or toxic effects. The gene encoding P-glycoprotein is named multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the functional activity of P-glycoprotein in lymphocytes and monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS 30 systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 20 healthy controls were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by gradient centrifugation were incubated in the presence of daunorubicin (a fluorescent drug extruded by P-glycoprotein) at 37 degrees C or 4 degrees C for 30 min. P-glycoprotein activity was then analyzed using flow cytometry. Results were expressed as the percentage of lymphocytes or monocytes with high P-glycoprotein activity (i.e., low fluorescence). RESULTS Mean fluorescence values for lymphocytes and monocytes were comparable between patients and healthy controls. However, because our method allowed to measure P-glycoprotein function at the single-cell level, we were able to show that the mean percentage of lymphocytes with high P-glycoprotein activity was increased in the patients (11.51% +/- 14.3%) as compared to the healthy controls (0.71% +/- 0.57%) (P < 0.05). Moreover, P-glycoprotein activity was lower in the patients in clinical remission than in those with active disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that P-glycoprotein function might affect glucocorticoid requirements in systemic lupus erythematosus.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Cell Count
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genes, MDR
- Humans
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Severity of Illness Index
- Verapamil/therapeutic use
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Multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) in rheumatic autoimmune disorders. Part I: Increased P-glycoprotein activity in lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients might influence disease outcome. Joint Bone Spine 2000; 67:30-9. [PMID: 10773966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) is characterized by overexpression of P-glycoprotein, a pump molecule that decreases intracellular drug concentrations by increasing drug efflux from cells. OBJECTIVE To look for correlations between clinical status and P-glycoprotein activity and/or TNF-alpha mRNA levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Sixteen patients were studied. Based on response to therapy, eight were refractory and eight nonrefractory to treatment. Findings were compared to those in 24 healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate P-glycoprotein activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by gradient centrifugation and incubated with the P-glycoprotein substrate daunorubicin. TNF-alpha mRNA levels were determined using quantitative PCR. RESULTS Patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed an increased number of lymphocytes with high P-glycoprotein activity (p = 0.0001) as compared to the normal controls. P-glycoprotein activity was higher in the refractory than in the non-refractory patient subgroup (p = 0.006). Also, TNF-alpha mRNA levels were markedly higher in the refractory subgroup than in the nonrefractory subgroup, and were undetectable in the normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced P-glycoprotein activity may be closely related to an unfavorable clinical course and a poor response to treatment. Increased TNF-alpha expression and chronic exposure to various drugs, including glucocorticoids, may contribute to increase P-glycoprotein activity. Both high P-glycoprotein activity and excessive amounts of TNF-alpha seem associated with poor outcome in rheumatoid arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology
- Cell Count
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genes, MDR
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Possible role of interleukin-10 in autoantibody production and in the fate of human cord blood CD5+ B lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol 1999; 49:629-32. [PMID: 10354374 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear cell subsets in 25 human umbilical cord blood samples and 10 healthy adults were studied. We found a decreased percentage of CD3+ cells, CD8+ cells and gammadelta T cells in cord blood compared with blood from healthy adults. The CD16+56+ and CD19+CD5+ phenotypes were overexpressed in cord blood. We then measured spontaneous gene expression and the production of interleukin-10 in mononuclear cells from cord blood and adult subjects. Although we found no difference between cord blood cells and those from healthy adults, a tendency towards spontaneous interleukin-10 production was observed in cord blood. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation revealed that, among lymphocytes, cord blood B cells are the main cellular source of interleukin-10. Finally, we found no evidence of augmented spontaneous apoptosis but an increased bcl-2 gene expression in non-T cells from cord blood. Interleukin-10 might protect CD19+CD5+ B cells from apoptosis by inducing bcl-2 and promoting autoantibody production in this B-cell subpopulation.
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Abstract
The incidence of infectious diseases increases with ageing. The enzymatic activity of leucocytes may have a relevant role in the morbidity and mortality due to infections in the elderly. In this study we have compared the activity of enzymes involved in the inflammatory response in leucocytes from young and elderly women. A total of 35 healthy females was studied, 20 volunteers aged 78-98 years (mean 89.1 years) and 15 young controls aged 19-34 years (mean 26 years). All of them were in good clinical condition, without any acute or chronic disease. Intracellular enzyme activity was analysed by flow cytometry in leucocytes from young and elderly women. The enzyme substrates employed were for oxidative burst, L-aminopeptidase, collagenase, cathepsin B, C, D and, G and dipeptidyl peptidase I. The intracellular enzyme activity assessed by flow cytometry in leucocytes from young and elderly women was similar, as far as oxidative burst, L-aminopeptidase, cathepsin B, C, D and G are concerned. An increased collagenase activity was detected in granulocytes from elders. The mean fluorescence channels for this enzyme corresponded to 86 +/- 23 and 60 +/- 15 in cells from elders and controls, respectively (P = 0.01224). An increased dipeptidyl peptidase I activity was detected in lymphocytes from elderly women. The corresponding values for this enzyme in elders and the young were 65.9 +/- 43.3 and 17.3 +/- 5, respectively (P = 0. 0036). The proper functional activity of intracellular enzymes involved in inflammatory responses is likely to be determinant for successful ageing.
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Differential oncogene and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in bone marrow cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Scand J Immunol 1998; 48:551-6. [PMID: 9822266 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the bone marrow expression of genes involved in cell growth and apoptosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Spontaneous expression of bcl-2, bax, c-myc. c-fos, c-jun, p53, Fas and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by bone marrow cells was measured using either semiquantitative or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in SLE patients (n = 8) and in eight normal control subjects. The expression of bcl-2 was found to be higher in SLE patients than in controls. Bone marrow cells from SLE patients showed significant down-regulation of bax, c-myc, c-fos and p53 (P < or = 0.05), as compared to normal controls. In both SLE patients and controls the expression of c-jun and Fas was very low or undetectable. Finally, TNF-alpha gene expression was higher in bone marrow samples from SLE patients than in those of controls (P= 0.01). The abnormal expression of genes regulating cell growth and apoptosis in bone marrow cells from SLE patients may help explain the presence of autoreactive cells in secondary lymphoid organs and peripheral blood of SLE patients.
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Role of IL-10 in the abnormalities of early cell activation events of lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 1998; 11:395-402. [PMID: 9802922 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.1998.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit abnormalities in early cell activation events as well as increased production of IL-10. We explored the possible role of IL-10 on defective cell activation events of SLE lymphocytes and first studied the in vitro effect of IL-10 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from healthy subjects. After 5 days of culture in the presence of exogenous IL-10, these cells demonstrated abnormal expression of CD69 as well as high intracellular pH and defective activation of the Na+/H+ anti-porter by PMA. We then investigated the effect of IL-10 blockade on PBMNC from SLE patients. SLE PBMNC cultured for 5 days with a blocking anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) partially corrected abnormalities in CD69 expression and intracellular pH; however, in 1/5 patients studied, no significant positive effect was observed. The effect of the anti-IL-10 mAb was apparently not related to protection against activation-induced cell death. We conclude that IL-10 in normal PBMNC induce some of the defects in early cell activation events seen in SLE lymphocytes. Accordingly, the blockade of IL-10 partially corrects these abnormalities in SLE cells. Our data further support the importance of IL-10 in immune dysfunction seen in SLE.
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[Four cases of parathyroid cancer]. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACION CLINICA; ORGANO DEL HOSPITAL DE ENFERMEDADES DE LA NUTRICION 1998; 50:239-44. [PMID: 9763890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism with a prevalence ranging between 0.5 and 4%. Because of their aggressiveness, prompt diagnosis and treatment are mandatory. A parathyroid carcinoma was found in four patients (4.5%) of 88 patients who underwent surgical cervical exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism at the Institute Nacional de la Nutrición in a period of seven years. Our paper gives the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of the four patients.
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Spontaneous cytokine gene expression by cultured skin fibroblasts of systemic sclerosis. Correlation with collagen synthesis. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACION CLINICA; ORGANO DEL HOSPITAL DE ENFERMEDADES DE LA NUTRICION 1998; 50:97-104. [PMID: 9658927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the spontaneous cytokine gene expression in fibroblasts from patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Their pattern of expression was correlated with the production of collagen. METHODS Fibroblasts were obtained from skin biopsies of nine patients diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (mean 16 +/- 8.7 years of disease duration) and ten control individuals. The cytokine gene expression was detected by coupled reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for interleukins 1 beta, 6, 8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor beta. In addition, collagen synthesis was measured by [14C]-proline uptake in fibroblast cultures. RESULTS All fibroblast samples from patients expressed the interleukin-6 gene (p = 0.04 compared with controls). Eight of the nine patients expressed interleukin-8 (p = 0.02 compared with controls). Four of them expressed also transforming growth factor beta and two more weakly expressed the tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene. Only one patient showed transcription for the interleukin-1 beta gene. In accordance with such immune activation, collagen synthesis was higher in fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis (p = 0.028) as compared with normal controls. Indeed, a positive correlation was found between the expression of IL-6 gene and collagen production (rs = 1). CONCLUSION The constitutive expression of IL-6 and IL-8 genes by fibroblasts may play an important role in the perpetuation of local immune dysregulation, thus leading to a permanent fibroblast activation in patients with systemic sclerosis.
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Dysregulation of interleukin-10 production in relatives of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1997; 40:1429-35. [PMID: 9259422 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780400810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in relatives of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Production of IL-10 was evaluated in 13 families in which several members had SLE. The constitutive IL-10 production in SLE patients (n = 16) was compared with that in healthy members of these multiplex families (n = 70), in 30 SLE patients who had no relatives with SLE, and in 46 healthy unrelated controls. RESULTS The level of IL-10 production did not differ between SLE patients who were members and those who were not members of multiplex families (mean +/- SEM 4,384 +/- 908 pg/ml and 4,709 +/- 560 pg/ml, respectively), but was higher in both groups than in healthy unrelated controls (515 +/- 88 pg/ml). The healthy members of the multiplex families constitutively produced large amounts of IL-10 (3,080 +/- 311 pg/ml; P < 0.001 compared with healthy unrelated controls). This high IL-10 production was independent of age and sex, and was similar in first- and second-degree relatives of SLE patients. The IL-10 was produced both by monocytes and by a subpopulation of B lymphocytes in SLE patients and in their relatives. CONCLUSION The dysregulation of IL-10 production previously identified in SLE patients is also present in healthy members of families with several cases of SLE, and it may contribute to the immunologic abnormalities affecting relatives of SLE patients.
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Autoantibody production in healthy elderly people is not promoted by interleukin-10 although this cytokine is expressed in them by a peculiar CD8+CD3+ large granular cell subpopulation. Scand J Immunol 1997; 45:401-7. [PMID: 9105428 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Healthy elderly people tend to have autoantibodies in their sera. These antibodies, not being associated with any clinical manifestation, have been considered as natural autoantibodies. In systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as in rheumatoid arthritis, the presence of autoantibodies characteristic of these disease (anti-dsDNA and rheumatoid factor, respectively) depends on the endogeneous production of IL-10. The same could hold true for autoantibodies found in healthy elderly individuals. In the present work, the authors analysed whether an increased production of IL-10 contributed to the production of autoantibodies in elderly people. The authors found that there is neither increased in vivo gene expression nor augmented production of IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from elderly women even if they do produce autoantibodies. The authors further sought to determine if the production of autoantibodies is inhibited in vitro by adding an anti-IL-10 MoAb to cell cultures and found that it is not. Despite these negative findings of a role for IL-10 in the production of autoantibodies in elderly people, the authors investigated which cells produce IL-10. In so doing they found that intracellular IL-10 expression occurred exclusively in monocytes in young female controls, but in elderly females it involved also CD8+CD3+ large granular cells. These results indicate that autoantibody production in healthy aged individuals is IL-10 independent.
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Profile of cytokine mRNA expression in spontaneous and UV-induced skin lesions from actinic prurigo patients. Exp Dermatol 1997; 6:91-7. [PMID: 9209891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1997.tb00153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic prurigo (AP) appears to be an immune-mediated disease triggered by exposure to ultraviolet light (UV). OBJECTIVE To assess the profile of cytokine production in skin lesions from AP patients. METHODS The cytokine production (IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-alpha, IFN-tau, and TGF-beta) in skin biopsies from 12 AP lesions was determined by a semiquantitative coupled reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found expression of TGF-beta and IL-13 genes in most AP skin lesions; IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-tau, and IL-10 were detected in some of these specimens. However, the levels of expression of all cytokines studied were not significantly different in AP skin lesions compared to nonlesional skin. CONCLUSIONS TGF-beta and IL-13 might have a key role in both the inflammatory phenomenon and absence of significant expression of most cytokines in AP skin. The cytokine production in AP skin resembles that observed in rheumatoid synovium, a paucity in cytokine expression despite the presence of infiltrating activated mononuclear cells.
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Elevated Th1 cytokine mRNA in skin biopsies and peripheral circulation in patients with erythema nodosum. Eur Cytokine Netw 1997; 8:67-71. [PMID: 9110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is generally believed that erythema nodosum is the result of an immunologic attack centered within the subcutaneous fat. This belief, however, is based on indirect evidence. The aim of this study was to analyze whether erythema nodosum could represent an example of a polarized Th1 or Th2 immune response. We have studied herein, by semiquantitative coupled reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction the Th1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine gene expression in skin biopsies and peripheral blood from eleven patients with erythema nodosum. As controls, we studied skin and peripheral blood from nine healthy subjects. We found expression of Th1 cytokines in most erythema nodosum skin lesions as well as in their peripheral blood. Both Th1 and Th2 cytokine gene expressions were scarcely or not detected in the skin and peripheral blood of control subjects. These results directly demonstrate that a polarized Th1 immune response occurs in the skin lesions of erythema nodosum patients regardless of the wide variety of provoking agents.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In order to explore the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis, we analyzed their gene expression in hepatic biopsies from patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, post-hepatitis C liver cirrhosis, and with idiopathic portal hypertension without cirrhosis. METHODS We assessed the gene expression of interleukins 1 beta, 2, 6, 8, and 10, as well as of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta and interferon-gamma by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found high levels of transforming growth factor-beta in post-hepatitis C liver cirrhosis, high to moderate in alcoholic liver cirrhosis and low in non-cirrhotic specimens. Expression of interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma genes was detected in most post-hepatitis C liver cirrhosis, but not in idiopathic portal hypertension or alcoholic liver cirrhosis biopsies. The interleukin1-beta, 6 and 8 gene expression was significantly lower in alcoholic liver cirrhosis compared to post-hepatitis C liver cirrhosis, but higher compared to idiopathic portal hypertension specimens. Thus, post-hepatitis C liver cirrhosis samples showed a high degree of cytokine gene expression, whereas in alcoholic liver cirrhosis it tended to be moderate, and restricted to some cytokines (transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-1, 6 and 8, but not interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interferon-gamma). In contrast, most non-cirrhotic specimens showed a restricted and low cytokine gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that transforming growth factor-beta may have an important role in liver fibrosis and inflammation. Interleukin-1 beta, 6, 8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, appear to participate in the pathogenesis of the mild to severe inflammatory phenomena seen in alcoholic and post-hepatitis C liver cirrhosis, respectively. Our data suggest that tumor necrosis factor-alpha does not participate in the hepatocellular damage of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, and indicate that neither interferon-gamma nor interleukin-10, at least at the levels observed in post-hepatitis C liver cirrhosis, are able to counteract the fibrotic/inflammatory process seen in this condition.
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[Clear-cell eccrine carcinoma of the plantar region. Follow-up of a case using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry]. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACION CLINICA; ORGANO DEL HOSPITAL DE ENFERMEDADES DE LA NUTRICION 1996; 48:43-8. [PMID: 8815485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell eccrine carcinomas of the skin are rare and have been reported with several names. Of the 47 cases found in the literature, only one had the lesion in the sole. The present case is a 38 year old woman with an 18 year history of a 3.2 cm lesion in the lateral portion of the sole in the right foot. The patient developed inguinal metastases four and five months after the plantar resection, and suffered a local recurrence on two occasions. The histopathologic analysis of the sole lesion showed a neoplasm with more than 80% of clear cells, and less clear cells in the metastatic and recurrent lesions. Clear cells showed diffuse positivity to PAS with diastase lability. PAS reactivity was related to the presence of clear cells. Focal reactivity of mucin and colloidal iron in sebaceous-like cells and tubular structures was seen. Also, we found diffuse cytoplasmic and membrane surface positivity of epithelial membrane antigen in the clear cells, and focal in poroid and sebaceous cells and in tubular structures. The carcinoembryonic antigen showed a focal positivity in poroid and sebaceous cells and in tubular structures. We also identified focal positivity of S-100 protein in the sebaceous-like cells. Cytophotometric measurement of the nuclear DNA showed euploid cells in the primary and metastatic lesions. We conclude that clear cell eccrine carcinomas comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions with variable biological behavior, but with morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical markers useful in their diagnosis.
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High levels of TH2 cytokine gene expression in systemic lupus erythematosus. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACION CLINICA; ORGANO DEL HOSPITAL DE ENFERMEDADES DE LA NUTRICION 1995; 47:267-72. [PMID: 8525128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a clear imbalance in the network made up of different cytokines. However this statement has been derived from studies which have focused on the analysis of some specific cytokines and few have simultaneously analyzed those cytokines that could be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Therefore, we decided to analyze interleukin IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and gamma interferon (IFN-g) gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 17 women with SLE and 10 normal females by a coupled reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique. High gene expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-a was found in SLE patients as compared to normal subjects. The expression of IL-1b, IL-2 and IFN-g genes was low or undetectable. The resulting high level of cytokines with strong effect on proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes in SLE could be responsible for the characteristic B cell hyperactivity and autoantibody production seen in SLE.
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Role of interleukin 10 in the B lymphocyte hyperactivity and autoantibody production of human systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med 1995; 181:839-44. [PMID: 7869046 PMCID: PMC2191898 DOI: 10.1084/jem.181.3.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is produced at a high level by B lymphocytes and monocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the present work, we analyzed whether this increased production of IL-10 contributed to the abnormal production of immunoglobulins (Ig) and of autoantibodies in SLE. The role of IL-10 was compared with that of IL-6, another cytokine suspected to play a role in these abnormalities. The spontaneous in vitro production of IgM, IgG, and IgA by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE patients was weakly increased by recombinant IL (rIL)-6, but strongly by rIL-10. This production was not significantly affected by an anti-IL-6 mAb but was decreased by an anti-IL-10 mAb. We then tested the in vivo effect of these antibodies in severe combined immunodeficiency mice injected with PBMC from SLE patients. The anti-IL-6 mAb did not significantly affect the serum concentration of total human IgG and of anti-double-stranded DNA IgG in the mice. In contrast, the anti-IL-10 mAb strongly inhibited the production of autoantibodies, and, to a lesser extent, that of total human IgG. These results indicate that the Ig production by SLE B lymphocytes is largely IL-10 dependent, and that the increased production of IL-10 by SLE B lymphocytes and monocytes may represent a critical mechanism in the emergence of the autoimmune manifestations of the disease.
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Abstract
Immunological failure may be the cause of predisposition to certain infections, neoplasms, and vascular diseases in adulthood. Mortality risks through life may reflect an undetermined number of causes. This study describes the prevalence of positivity of autoantibodies through life, along with general and specific mortality causes in three countries with different socioeconomic development (Guatemala, Mexico and the United States). Prevalence of autoantibodies by age was obtained from previous reports. In spite of having involved different ethnic groups, the observed trends in prevalence of autoantibodies, as well as mortality through life, showed a similar behavior. Thus, both the increase in autoantibody production and death risk as age rises, may share physiopathological phenomena related to the ageing process.
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Abstract
CD28 is a 44-kDa glycoprotein that contributes to T cell activation and proliferation. To elucidate the functional role of CD28 in T cell proliferation and IL-2 production in SLE, we studied its effects in cells from untreated patients with active (n = 10) or inactive disease (n = 10) as compared with normal subjects. Mean percentages of CD4+ CD28+ and CD8+ CD28+ T cells were decreased in SLE patients (P < 0.01). SLE patients had significantly decreased absolute CD8+ CD28+ T cells. To investigate whether CD28 antibody affects T cell proliferation, we stimulated peripheral blood T cells from SLE patients and normal controls with anti-CD28, anti-CD3 and/or Interleukin-2 (IL-2) during 3 days of culture. We found that T cells from SLE patients had significantly higher responses to CD28 than did cells from normal controls. This effect was higher in cells from patients with active disease than in those with inactive disease. Conversely, IL-2 had no significant effect on the proliferative response of SLE T cells. However, when it was used for co-stimulating with anti-CD28, there was an increase in the secretion of IL-2 which was greater in the cells of patients with active disease. Thus, on average, there was an 81% increase in the production of IL-2 in T cells from patients with active SLE, 48% in those from patients with inactive disease and 40% in T cells from healthy controls, as compared with the production in response to stimulus by anti-CD3 or with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. Lymphocytes from patients with active disease showed increased gene expression of CD28 when compared with normal subjects. These data suggest that CD28 might play a central role in the defective immune response observed in SLE patients.
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In vivo production of interleukin-10 by non-T cells in rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus. A potential mechanism of B lymphocyte hyperactivity and autoimmunity. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1994; 37:1647-55. [PMID: 7980676 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780371114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent stimulator of B lymphocytes in vitro. In vivo dysregulation of IL-10 gene expression was therefore analyzed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Spontaneous production of IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in untreated patients with either RA (n = 10), SS (n = 10), or SLE (n = 10), and in 15 normal control subjects. RESULTS IL-10 production was dramatically higher in RA, SS, and SLE patients than in controls. In each group, both B lymphocytes and monocytes, but not T lymphocytes, produced IL-10. CONCLUSION IL-10 production is increased in RA, SS, and SLE. It may play a role in B lymphocyte hyperactivity and in the development of autoimmunity.
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Exposure of anionic phospholipids upon platelet activation permits binding of beta 2 glycoprotein I and through it that of IgG antiphospholipid antibodies. Studies in platelets from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and normal subjects. J Autoimmun 1994; 7:335-48. [PMID: 7916907 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.1994.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, whether primary or secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus, may have thrombocytopenia. Their antibodies to anionic phospholipids might bind to phospholipids on the platelet wall but anionic phospholipids are asymmetrically located in the inner leaflet. In addition, antibodies to anionic phospholipids may require beta 2 glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI) as a cofactor in order to bind to phospholipids. In turn, beta 2GPI has high affinity for anionic phospholipids. Loss of this asymmetry occurs upon platelet activation and could thus permit such antibody-beta 2GPI-platelet interaction. We studied this by flow cytometry using purified beta 2GPI-FITC labelled and similarly labelled affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies to cardiolipin or phosphatidylserine (aPL) obtained from sera of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Five percent of resting platelets were bound by aPL in the presence of beta 2GPI. Such binding increased when we activated platelets with various agonists, reaching 31% with the concurrent use of thrombin and the calcium ionophore A23187. Platelet activation resulted in the expression of GMP140 but this did not correlate with aPL binding. This probably reflects that the expression of GMP140, which depends on their secretion of alpha granules, has different agonist responses and occurs at different times than do microvesicle formation and expression of prothrombinase activity which coincide with the loss of phospholipid asymmetry on the platelet wall. When we studied the binding of purified beta 2GPI we also found that it binds preferentially to activated platelets and that it seems to be a prerequisite for the binding of aPL onto them. Our findings indicate that aPL from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome may bind to activated platelets through beta 2GPI.
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Spontaneous production of interleukin-10 by B lymphocytes and monocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur Cytokine Netw 1993; 4:421-7. [PMID: 8186374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) production by B lymphocytes has previously been demonstrated for malignant cells and for in vitro activated normal B cells. Spontaneous in vivo production of IL-10 by normal B lymphocytes has only been demonstrated in mice, in which autoreactive Ly 1 + B cells are involved. In the present study, spontaneous expression of the IL-10 gene by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was investigated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a human disease involving autoreactive B cells. Of the 47 SLE patients tested by coupled reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, 34 scored positive, contrasting with only 1 positive out of 34 normal subjects (p < 0.001). Spontaneous in vitro production of IL-10 by PBMC, determined using an ELISA assay, was 33 times higher in SLE than in controls (2623 +/- 728 pg/ml vs 79.3 +/- 34.5 pg/ml, respectively) (p < 0.001). The level of production of IL-10 in SLE was unrelated to either clinical or biological markers of disease activity. Among PBMC, monocytes and B lymphocytes both contributed to IL-10 production, whereas T cells did not. IL-10 overproduction in SLE suggests that this Th2-type interleukin plays a role in the production of autoantibodies through pathways involving both paracrine production by monocytes and autocrine IL-10 production by autoreactive B cells.
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