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Hsiao Y, Lin FY, Sheen GCH, Wang CH. Politics matters for individual attitudes toward vaccine donation: cross-national evidence from the United States and Taiwan. Global Health 2023; 19:40. [PMID: 37340401 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine equity has been a major concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the principle of vaccine equity, donor countries should apply the criterion of needs to make decisions about vaccine donation instead of considering recipient countries' economic status. We examine whether people follow the same criterion or consider other factors to decide which country to donate vaccines and how many vaccines should be delivered. METHODS We conducted online surveys with the design of conjoint experiment in the United States and Taiwan in 2021. 1,532 American citizens and 1,587 Taiwanese citizens were interviewed. The respondents were broadly quota-matched to their respective demographic proportions on the dimensions of age, gender, and education. We estimated the average marginal component effects (AMCEs) of the conjoint attributes by using the OLS regression models with standard errors clustered at the respondent level. RESULTS 15,320 and 15,870 decisions on vaccine donation generated by conjoint experiment respectively in the United States and Taiwan were included in the analysis. Both American and Taiwanese people tend to donate vaccines to countries that suffer severe consequences of COVID-19 and democracies compared to authoritarian countries. However, they are less willing to donate vaccines to those with higher levels of capability in response to COVID-19. Taiwanese people tend to donate vaccines to countries having formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan (AMCE 13.4%, 95% CI 11.8%-15.1%). Nonetheless, American people would rather donate vaccines to countries without formal diplomatic relations with the United States (AMCE - 4.0%, 95% CI -5.6%--2.4%). CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal that politics plays a significant role in people's decisions about vaccine donation. Under electoral pressure, political leaders must think about how to respond to the public's preferences over vaccine donation to achieve vaccine equity and address the global health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Communication, University of Washington, Communications Building, Seattle, WA, 98195-3340, USA
| | - Fang-Yu Lin
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Greg Chih-Hsin Sheen
- Department of Political Science, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsing Wang
- Department of Political Science, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.
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2
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Powell T, Scott J, Yuma P, Hsiao Y. Surviving the storm: A pragmatic non-randomised examination of a brief intervention for disaster-affected health and social care providers. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30:e6217-e6227. [PMID: 36196872 PMCID: PMC10092715 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Disasters affect the well-being of individuals, families and communities. Health and social care providers are essential in response and recovery efforts and are among the most vulnerable to negative physical and mental health impacts of a disaster. Few evidence-based interventions are available to address the psychological needs of providers. The aim of this study was to examine the psychological distress of health and social care providers before and after participating in the brief group intervention, Resilience and Coping for the Healthcare Community (RCHC) and its expanded version, RCHC+. We conducted a pragmatic non-randomised cluster trial with 762 health and social care providers in south Texas and Puerto Rico post-Hurricanes Harvey and Maria. Participants completed surveys assessing post-traumatic stress (PTSD), anxiety, burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) prior to intervention delivery and at two time points post-intervention. We calculated the frequency of symptom cut-off scores at baseline, then estimated multilevel ordinal models to examine changes in symptoms across time. Prior to participation in the RCHC (approximately 12 months after the hurricanes), providers reported high levels of PTSD, anxiety and STS symptoms. After participation, providers in both intervention conditions reported a significant reduction in PTSD symptoms from baseline that was sustained over both time points. The likelihood of a reduction in symptoms of anxiety and STS from baseline was sustained at both time points for participants in the RCHC+ condition. These findings indicate that both the RCHC and RCHC+ interventions may reduce psychological distress for health and social care providers and could be an important part of advance planning to support provider's mental health during and after a disaster. Further examination of the RCHC in other disaster contexts could provide additional insight into the responsiveness of the intervention to reducing psychological distress symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Powell
- University of Illinois School of Social WorkUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Jennifer Scott
- Louisiana State University, School of Social WorkBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Paula Yuma
- Colorado State University, School of Social WorkFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Yuan Hsiao
- Department of CommunicationUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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3
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Ichikawa-Kaji Y, Ishizawa F, Nishiyama R, Tachikawa H, Uemura N, Moriuchi Y, Umino K, Hsiao Y, Muramatsu H, Suzuki T, Inomata A, Honda K, Moriyasu T. Development of a detector tube for rapid detection of tadalafil in adulterated dietary supplements. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Hsiao Y, Gopman DB, Mohanchandra K, Shirazi P, Lynch CS. Effect of interfacial and edge roughness on magnetoelectric control of Co/Ni microdisks on PMN-PT(011). Sci Rep 2022; 12:3919. [PMID: 35273193 PMCID: PMC8913801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniform magnetic behavior within arrays of magnetoelectric heterostructures is important for the development of reliable strain-mediated microdevices. Multiple mechanisms may contribute to observed nonuniform magnetization reversal including surface roughness, non-uniform strain, and fabrication induced imperfections. Here, Co/Ni microdisks of 7 µm diameter were produced on both [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]1−x–[PbTiO3]x with x = 0.3 nominal composition (PMN-30PT) (011) and Si substrates, and the out-of-plane magnetization reversal was characterized using magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). Coercivity variation across the microdisks within the arrays was observed on both the PMN-30PT and Si specimens with zero electric field applied. Co/Ni microdisks on a PMN-30PT substrate displayed relatively larger coercivity than those on a Si substrate due to the surface roughness effect. Quasistatic electric fields of varying magnitude were applied to the PMN-30PT substrate to assess the dependence of the coercivity on electric field induced strain. Our results indicate that while coercivity decreases with the increase of electric field induced strain, interfacial and edge roughness combine to realize a prohibitively large coercivity to overcome within the Co/Ni microdisks as well as a broad distribution of coercive field across a patterned microdisk array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hsiao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D B Gopman
- Materials Science & Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - K Mohanchandra
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Shirazi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C S Lynch
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Bourns College of Engineering, University California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines gang group processes on the digital street to understand if gang processes in the online environment mimic those on geographic street corners. Specifically, this paper examines what conditions influence whether gangs interact negatively or positively in online spaces and how online interactions relate to geographic proximity of gangs. METHODS This study uses digital trace data web scraped from a public Facebook about Chicago Latina/o gangs combined with geographic locations of gang territories. Negative binomial regression models are used to investigate the conditions under which gangs interact with one another. RESULTS This study finds that interactions among gangs are conditional on the type of post displayed and negative gang interactions in online spaces are moderately correlated with geographic proximity. CONCLUSIONS The tendency to show identification with the gang group or hostility to rival groups is not always evident. Rather, interactions are contextualized in the situation of the online environment. In addition, in our sample geographic proximity is not a primary condition of gang interactions. The digital street enables gang members to interact with other gangs in faraway locales and individuals in close geographic proximity. We find gang members take the opportunity to interact with both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Leverso
- Department of Sociology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, USA
| | - Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Sociology & Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Powell TM, Li SJ, Hsiao Y, Thompson M, Farraj A, Abdoh M, Farraj R. An integrated physical and mental health awareness education intervention to reduce non-communicable diseases among Syrian refugees and Jordanians in host communities: A natural experiment study. Prev Med Rep 2021; 21:101310. [PMID: 33532176 PMCID: PMC7823201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Syrian crisis has had a devastating impact on displaced populations and among host communities in neighboring countries such as Jordan. Many of these individuals are at risk for non-communicable diseases (NCD) and mental health disorders, yet do not have access to services designed to manage or prevent these conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a non-communicable disease (NCD) awareness educational intervention and an integrated NCD and mental health education intervention on reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Jordanians and displaced Syrians. This natural experiment study was conducted in three health centers in Irbid, Jordan with 213 Syrian participants and 382 Jordanians. Participants were assigned to one of three study conditions: the Healthy Community Clinic (HCC), a non-communicable disease educational intervention; the HCC with added mental health awareness sessions; standard healthcare. CVD risk factors were assessed at baseline, 12 and 18 months. The HCC education group yielded significant improvements in three CVD risk factors including: body mass index (BMI) -1.91 (95% CI: -2.09, -1.73); systolic blood pressure (SBP) -12.80 mmHg (95% CI: -16.35, -9.25); and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) -5.78 mmHg (95% CI: -7.96, -3.60) compared to standard care. The HCC-mental health treatment arm also demonstrated significant improvements in BMI, SBP, and DBP compared to standard care. Significant improvements in fasting blood glucose -20.32 (CI: -28.87, -11.77) and HbA1c -0.43 (-0.62, -0.24) were also illustrated in the HCC-mental health treatment arm. The HCC-mental health group sustained greater reductions in CVD risk than the HCC education group at 18-months. This study is among the first to our knowledge illustrating an integrated health and mental health educational intervention can reduce CVD risk among Syrian refugees and Jordanians. Continued investment and research in CVD prevention interventions is needed to enhance health, reduce costs, and have lasting benefits for conflict-affected individuals and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Powell
- University of Illinois, School of Social Work 1010 West Nevada Street, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, United States
| | - Shang-Ju Li
- Americares, 88 Hamilton Avenue, Stamford, CT 06902, United States
| | - Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, 211 Savery Hall, Box 353340, Seattle, WA 98195-3340, United States
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Tsukano Y, Shimizu I, Yoshida Y, Hsiao Y, Ikegami R, Hayashi Y, Suda M, Katsuumi G, Nakao M, Minamino T. Obesity associated pro-fibrotic protein augments fibrosis in heart. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic sterile inflammation in visceral fat has causal roles for systemic metabolic disorders in obesity. Inflamed visceral adipose tissue secretes pro-inflammatory adipokines, and this contributes to tissue remodeling under a metabolically stressed condition. Various kinds of white adipokines are broadly studied, however, roles of brown adipose tissue (BAT) derived adipokines (BATokine) remain to be explored. In this project, we tried to characterize pathogenic role of BATokine in obesity related fibrotic disorders, especially focusing on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). For this purpose, we analyzed two sets of DNA microarray data, and identified an obesity associated pro-fibrotic protein (OAFP) as a possible pathogenic BATokine. Our biobank studies showed OAFP increased in patients with diastolic dysfunction, and E/e' analyzed with cardiac echo increased in direct proportion to circulating OAFP level in humans. We generated dietary obese mice model, and found OAFP increased both in BAT and circulation. We generated a murine systemic or BAT specific OAFP knockout (KO) models, and found that obesity-induced diastolic dysfunction ameliorated in these models. Cardiac fibrosis was also suppressed by genetic depletion of OAFP. We found OAFP increased in circulation in aged humans and mice, and studies in chronologically aged mice showed this molecule increased in BAT with aging. Our results indicate that OAFP is secreted predominantly from BAT, and mediates pathogenic roles by augmenting cardiac fibrosis in dietary obesity or aging. Suppression of OAFP may become a therapy for HFpEF.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tsukano
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - I Shimizu
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Yoshida
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Hsiao
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - R Ikegami
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Hayashi
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Suda
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - G Katsuumi
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Nakao
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Minamino
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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Hsiao Y, Shimizu I, Wakasugi T, Jiao S, Watanabe T, Kashimura T, Yoshida Y, Hanawa H, Ozaki K, Minamino T. Cardiac mitofusin-1 is declined in non-responding patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Mitochondria are dynamic regulators of cellular metabolism and homeostasis. The dysfunction of mitochondria has long been considered a major contributor to aging and age-related diseases. The prognosis of severe heart failure is still unacceptably poor and it is urgent to establish new therapies for this critical condition. Some patients with heart failure do not respond to established multidisciplinary treatment and they are classified as “non-responders”. The outcome is especially poor for non-responders, and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown.
Purpose
Studies indicate mitochondrial dysfunction has causal roles for metabolic remodeling in the failing heart, but underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. This study tried to elucidate the role of Mitofusin-1 in a failing heart.
Methods
We examined twenty-two heart failure patients who underwent endomyocardial biopsy of intraventricular septum. Patients were classified as non-responders when their left-ventricular (LV) ejection fraction did not show more than 10% improvement at remote phase after biopsy. Fourteen patients were classified as responders, and eight as non-responders. Electron microscopy, quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence studies were performed to explore the biological processes or molecules involved in failure to respond. In addition to studies with cardiac tissue specific knockout mice, we also conducted functional in-vitro studies with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes.
Results
Twenty-two patients with IDCM who underwent endomyocardial biopsy were enrolled in this study, including 14 responders and 8 non-responders. Transmission electron microscopy (EM) showed a significant reduction in mitochondrial size in cardiomyocytes of non-responders compared to responders. Quantitative PCR revealed that transcript of mitochondrial fusion protein, Mitofusin-1, was significantly reduced in non-responders. Studies with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) indicated that the beta-1 adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling pathway negatively regulates Mitofusin-1 expression. Suppression of Mitofusin-1 resulted in a significant reduction in mitochondrial respiration of NRVMs. We generated left ventricular pressure overload model with thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) in cardiac specific Mitofusin-1 knockout model (c-Mfn1 KO). Systolic function was reduced in c-Mfn1 KO mice, and EM study showed an increase in dysfunctional mitochondria in the KO group subjected to TAC.
Conclusions
Mitofusin-1 becomes a biomarker for non-responders with heart failure. In addition, our results suggest that therapies targeting mitochondrial dynamics and homeostasis would become next generation therapy for severe heart failure patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hsiao
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - I Shimizu
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Division of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Wakasugi
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Jiao
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Kashimura
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Yoshida
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Hanawa
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Ozaki
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Minamino
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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Hsiao Y, Shimizu I, Yoshida Y, Ikegami R, Hayashi Y, Suda M, Katsuumi G, Wakasugi T, Nakao M, Minamino T. Circulating pro fibrotic protein promotes fibrosis in liver. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), driven by the obesity epidemic, has become the most common form of liver disease. Inflamed visceral adipose tissue secretes pro-inflammatory adipokines that are causal for systemic metabolic disorders. Role of adipokines in NASH, especially those from brown adipose tissues (BATokine) remain unclear.
Purpose
To show the pathogenic role of BATokine in NASH.
Methods
To identify and characterize the pathological roles of pro-fibrotic BATokine, we generated a murine obese NASH model by imposing a high fat diet in C57BL6/NCr mice, and murine systemic or BAT specific knockout (KO) models. We also conducted functional in-vitro studies with differentiated brown adipocytes.
Results
Analyzing two sets of DNA micro array data with bioinformatics, we identified a secreted form pro-fibrotic protein (sPFP) expressed in dysfunctional brown adipose tissues (BAT) in mice. Testing our biobank samples, we found this protein increased in plasma of NASH patients. We generated a murine obese NASH model by imposing a high fat diet in C57BL6/NCr mice for 9–10 months since 4 weeks of age, and found that sPFP is produced predominantly by BAT. In this model, we also found that sPFP increased in plasma. We generated a murine systemic or BAT specific sPFP knockout (KO) models and found that liver fibrosis ameliorated in these models. We also suppressed circulating sPFP with a peptide vaccine targeting this molecule, and found that sPFP vaccination therapy inhibited liver fibrosis. Next, we generated sPFP gain of function (GOF) model by the administration of plasmid encoding sPFP into skeletal muscle. Liver fibrosis augmented in sPFP-GOF model, and these results suggested that sPFP has causal role for the progression of fibrotic response in liver. In vitro studies with differentiated brown adipocytes showed that metabolic stress increased c-Fos in nuclear, and this was causal for an increase in sPFP level.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that one of the BATokines, sPFP, contributes for the progression of fibrotic responses in obese-NASH model. Inhibition of sPFP may become a therapy for NASH or obesity related fibrotic disorders.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hsiao
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - I Shimizu
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Yoshida
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - R Ikegami
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Hayashi
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Suda
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - G Katsuumi
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Wakasugi
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Nakao
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Minamino
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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Powell TM, Shin OJ, Li SJ, Hsiao Y. Post-traumatic stress, social, and physical health: A mediation and moderation analysis of Syrian refugees and Jordanians in a border community. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241036. [PMID: 33095832 PMCID: PMC7584168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the mediating or moderating relationship of social health on physical health and post-traumatic stress symptoms among displaced Syrians and Jordanians at high risk for physical and mental health ailments. Frequency of mental health symptoms stratified by demographic factors was also explored. We hypothesized social health would mediate and/or moderate the relationship between physical and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). METHODS This cross-sectional study includes 598 adults between 18 and 75 years old recruited from three health centers in the city of Irbid, Jordan, 20 km away from the Syrian border. Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were measured through the primary care post-traumatic stress disorder checklist. Physical and social health were assessed through the Duke Health Profile. One-way ANOVA and independent samples T-tests examined mean scores of social health, PTSS, physical health stratified by age, gender, nationality, education level, and trauma exposure. Bivariate correlations explored the relationship between social health, PTSS, and physical health. PROCESS macro tested social health as a moderator and mediator on the association of the physical health and PTSS. RESULTS Social health moderated and mediated the relationship between physical health and PTSS. Males reported (t = 2.53, p < .05) better physical health scores than females. Those who had less than a high school education reported lower social health (F = 13.83, p < .001); higher PTSS (F = 5.83, p < .001); and lower physical health (F = 5.76, p < .01) than more educated individuals. Syrians reported significantly higher PTSS (F = 4.13, p < .05) than Jordanians, however, there was no significant differences between nationality for physical or social health. Social health was positively associated with better physical health (r = 0.10, p < .01) and negatively with PTSS (r = -.293, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Our results support our primary hypothesis suggesting social health mediates and moderates PTSS and physical health. Secondary findings illustrate gender, educational, and income differences in physical health and PTSS. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY NCT03721848.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M. Powell
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Oe Jin Shin
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shang-Ju Li
- Evaluation Department, Americares, Stamford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Powell T, Li SJ, Hsiao Y, Ettari C, Bhandari A, Peterson A, Shakya N. Investigating the Aftershock of a Disaster: A Study of Health Service Utilization and Mental Health Symptoms in Post-Earthquake Nepal. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16081369. [PMID: 30995780 PMCID: PMC6518031 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: In 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Nepal, causing unprecedented damage and loss in the mountain and hill regions of central Nepal. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between healthcare access and utilization, and post-disaster mental health symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with 750 disaster-affected individuals in six districts in central Nepal 15 months post-earthquake. Anxiety and depression were measured through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Healthcare utilization questions examined types of healthcare in the communities, utilization, and approachability of care providers. Univariate analyses, ANOVAs and Tobit regression were used. Results: Depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly higher for females and individuals between 40-50 years old. Those who utilized a district hospital had the lowest anxiety and depression scores. Participants who indicated medical shops were the most important source of health-related information had more anxiety and depression than those who used other services. Higher quality of healthcare was significantly associated with fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Mental health symptoms can last long after a disaster occurs. Access to quality mental health care in the primary health care settings is critical to help individuals and communities recover immediately and during the long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Powell
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1010 W. Nevada St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Shang-Ju Li
- Americares, 88 Hamilton Avenue, Stamford, CT 06902, USA.
| | - Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-3340, USA.
| | - Chloe Ettari
- Americares, 88 Hamilton Avenue, Stamford, CT 06902, USA.
| | - Anish Bhandari
- Social Science Baha, 345 Ramchandra Marg, Battisputali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Anne Peterson
- Americares, 88 Hamilton Avenue, Stamford, CT 06902, USA.
| | - Niva Shakya
- Americares Nepal, Dhobighat 4, Lalitpur, State 3, Nepal.
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Huang R, Lee S, Lai C, Hsiao Y, Ting H. Acute effects of obstructive sleep apnea on autonomic nervous system, arterial stiffness and heart rate in newly diagnosed untreated patients. Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang CC, Hsiao Y, Lee CC, Chao TC, Wang CC, Tung CJ. Monte Carlo simulations of therapeutic proton beams for relative biological effectiveness of double-strand break. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 88:158-63. [PMID: 21823821 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.611214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values relative to (60)Co for the induction of double-strand breaks (DSB) were calculated for therapeutic proton beams. RBE-weighted absorbed doses were determined at different depths in a water phantom for proton beams. MATERIALS AND METHODS The depth-dose distributions and the fluence spectra for primary protons and secondary particles were calculated using the FLUKA (FLUktuierende KAskade) MC (Monte Carlo) transport code. These spectra were combined with the MCDS (Monte Carlo damage simulation) code to simulate the spectrum-averaged yields of clustered DNA lesions. RBE for the induction of DSB were then determined at different depths in a water phantom for the unmodulated and modulated proton beams. RESULTS The maximum RBE for the induction of DSB at 1 Gy absorbed dose was found about 1.5 at 0.5 cm distal to the Bragg peak maximum for an UNMODULATED 160 MeV proton beam. The RBE-weighted absorbed dose extended the biologically effective range of the proton beam by 1.9 mm. The corresponding maximum RBE value was inversely proportional to the proton beam energy, reaching a value of about 1.9 for 70 MeV proton beam. For a modulated 160 MeV proton beam, the RBE weightings were more pronounced near the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) distal edge. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that a fast MCDS code could be used to simulate the DNA damage yield for therapeutic proton beams. Simulated RBE for the induction of DSB were comparable to RBE measured in vitro and in vivo. Depth dependent RBE values in the SOBP region might have to be considered in certain treatment situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ching Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Chao TC, Huang YS, Hsu FY, Hsiao Y, Lee CC, Tung CJ. Cellular dosimetry and microdosimetry for internal electron emitters. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2011; 143:248-252. [PMID: 21169288 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Radiobiological descriptions of cellular dosimetry and microdosimetry require both radiation dose and radiation quality. The lineal energy, defined as a ratio of the energy deposition by a particle in the biological target and the mean chord length of this target, is generally adopted to characterise the radiation quality. Most microdosimetry applications assume that the cell nucleus is the target region. Therefore, the lineal energy is obtained for the source (S) to target (T) geometry, T ← S, where S = cell surface, cytoplasm, cell nucleus and T = cell nucleus. The definition of lineal energy is based on the approximation that the particle mean pathlength is equal to target mean chord length. This approximation is valid for crossers of external irradiations. In the case of starters, insiders and stoppers of internal sources, particle pathlengths are always shorter than target chord lengths. Thus, the lineal energy does not reflect the specific energy deposition along particle path. In the present work, the specific energy deposition in a target is calculated using three distance parameters, i.e. target mean chord length, particle mean pathlength in the target and particle individual pathlength in the target. Monte Carlo calculations are performed for electrons of various energies and cells of different sizes. Results are analysed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Chao
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taiwan
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Chiu L, Chen S, Hsiao Y, Lu S, Chiu A. UP-1.101: Comparison of Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy of the Prostate and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Patients with Moderate Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lee M, Hsiao Y, Chao T, Tu S. SU-FF-T-485: Monte Carlo Simulation for DNA Damage in Gold Nanoparticle Solution. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tu S, Hsieh H, Lee M, Low C, Hsiao Y. SU-GG-J-173: Study of CT Number Dependence On Hardware Settings and Post Image Processing in Micro CT Systems. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hsiao Y, Lien H, Hsieh F, Liang W. SPARC in breast tumors of different histological types: defined its role in patients' outcome and nodal status. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Hsiao Y, Stewart R, Olivera G, Ruchala K, Li X. SU-FF-T-332: Monte Carlo Simulation of Tomotherapy: Derivation of a Dual Source Model for Treatment Planning. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hersleth HP, Uchida T, Teschner T, Røhr ÅK, Schünemann V, Nilsson K, Hsiao Y, Rod TH, Trautwein AX, Ryde U, Kitagawa T, Görbitz CH, Andersson KK. Structure of the intermediates in the myoglobin-peroxide reaction. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305090896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
[reaction: see text]. A highly regioselective Friedländer reaction is described. By introduction of a phosphonate group at one of the alpha-carbons of a ketone, regioselectivity can be perfectly controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hsiao
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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Jensen MS, Yang C, Hsiao Y, Rivera N, Wells KM, Chung JY, Yasuda N, Hughes DL, Reider PJ. Synthesis of an anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carbapenem via stannatrane-mediated Stille coupling. Org Lett 2000; 2:1081-4. [PMID: 10804559 DOI: 10.1021/ol005641d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[formula: see text] A short synthesis of carbapenem 1 is described. They key step involves the cross-coupling of an enol triflate with an amino-substituted sp3 carbon. This cross-couping, which allows the introduction of the complete side chain in one step, utilizes a stannatrane as the heteroalkyl transfer reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Jensen
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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Hsiao Y, Wells KM, Yang C, Jensen MS, Chung JY, Yasuda N, Hughes DL. Preparation of crystalline p-nitrobenzyl 2-formyl carbapenems by oxidative cleavage. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1559-62. [PMID: 10386935 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline 1beta-methyl-2-formyl carbapenem pNB esters were prepared by osmium-mediated oxidative cleavage of the corresponding 2-vinyl derivatives. Reduction of the 2-formyl compounds gave the corresponding 2-hydroxymethyl derivatives, which are key intermediates for the anti-MRS carbapenem candidate (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hsiao
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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