[Experience of mesenteric sector fixation in mesenteric torsion treatment]

Objective: The preliminary results was reported regarding the treatment of mesenteric torsion by mesenteric fixation in the last decade, especially preventing recurrence of mesenteric torsion by mesenteric fan-shaped fixation. Methods: We selected 12 patients who received emergency operation in Chongqing Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from December 2010 to March 2022. All of them were made a definite diagnose of mesenteric torsion by the preoperative CT scan or exploratory laparotomy. The recurrence of mesenteric torsion will be prevented by taking the operation of mesenteric fan-shaped fixation. This technique is suitable for the patient who is suffering total mesenteric torsion, but enteric necrosis is excluded affirmatively. The operation is consists of the following progress: (1) Exploratory laparotomy to check for necrosis of the bowel and for lesions other than torsion. (2) Mesenteric torsion derotation.(3) Mesenteric linear fixation; the right posterior lower border of the small mesentery (terminal ileal mesentery) is intermittently sutured to the posterior peritoneum of the right lower quadrant to increase the width of the base of the small mesentery. (4) Mesenteric fan-shaped fixation, which is fan-shaped to the lower left and fixed in the posterior peritoneum, shortening the length of the mesentery and further increasing the width of the mesentery and posterior peritoneal fixation. Results: A total of 12 patients with mesenteric torsion were treated by operation for 15 times in all. Among them, 3 cases received resection of most small bowel were performed without recurrence; 3 patients received only derotation for a total of 4 times, 2 cases recurred, 1 of them recurred twice; 4 cases underwent derotation and mesenteric linear fixation,and 1 case recurred. Four patients with derotation and mesenteric fan-shaped fixation recovered well without recurrence. Conclusion: Mesenteric fan-shaped fixation may be an effective operative type to reduce or avoid postoperative recurrence of mesenteric torsion.

Heat stress-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota impairs spermatogenesis by regulating secondary bile acid metabolism in the gut

Heat stress (HS) poses a substantial challenge to livestock. Studies have demonstrated that HS reduces fertility and leads to gut microbiota dysbiosis in bulls. However, the impact of the gut microbiota on fertility in bulls during HS is still unclear. Our research revealed that HS exposure decreased semen quality in bulls, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from heat-stressed bulls to recipient mice resulted in a significant decrease in number of testicular germ cells and epididymal sperm. Untargeted metabolomics methodology and 16S rDNA sequencing conjoint analysis revealed that Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) seemed to be a key bacterial regulator of spermatogenesis after HS exposure. Moreover, the research indicated that A. muciniphila regulated secondary bile acid metabolism by promoting the colonization of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-metabolizing bacteria, leading to increase of retinol absorption in the host gut and subsequently elevation of testicular retinoic acid level, thereby improving spermatogenesis. This study sheds light on the relationship between HS-induced microbiota dysbiosis and spermatogenesis, offering a potential therapeutic approach for addressing bull spermatogenic dysfunction triggered by HS exposure.

Advances in regenerated cellulosic aerogel from waste cotton textile for emerging multidimensional applications

Rapid development of society and the improvement of people's living standards have stimulated people's keen interest in fashion clothing. This trend has led to the acceleration of new product innovation and the shortening of the lifespan for cotton fabrics, which has resulting in the accumulation of waste cotton textiles. Although cotton fibers can be degraded naturally, direct disposal not only causes a serious resource waste, but also brings serious environmental problems. Hence, it is significant to explore a cleaner and greener waste textile treatment method in the context of green and sustainable development. To realize the high-value utilization of cellulose II aerogel derived from waste cotton products, great efforts have been made and considerable progress has been achieved in the past few decades. However, few reviews systematically summarize the research progress and future challenges of preparing high-value-added regenerated cellulose aerogels via dissolving cotton and other cellulose wastes. Therefore, this article reviews the regenerated cellulose aerogels obtained through solvent methods, summarizes their structure, preparation strategies and application, aimed to promote the development of the waste textile industry and contributed to the realization of carbon neutrality.

Exosomal long non-coding RNA AU020206 alleviates macrophage pyroptosis in atherosclerosis by suppressing CEBPB-mediated NLRP3 transcription

Recent studies have suggested exosomes (EXO) as potential therapeutic tools for cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis (AS). This study investigates the function of bone marrow stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes (EXO) on macrophage pyroptosis in AS and explores the associated mechanism. BMSC-EXO were isolated from healthy mice and identified. RAW264.7 cells (mouse macrophages) were exposed to oxLDL to simulate an AS condition. BMSC-EXO treatment enhanced viability and reduced lactate dehydrogenase release of macrophages. An animal model of AS was established using ApoE-/- mice. BMSC-EXO treatment suppressed plaque formation as well as macrophage and lipid infiltration in mouse aortic tissues. Moreover, BMSC-EXO decreased concentrations of pyroptosis-related markers interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, cleaved-caspase-1 and gasdermin D in vitro and in vivo. Long non-coding RNA AU020206 was carried by the BMSC-EXO, and it bound to CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB) to block CEBPB-mediated transcriptional activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Functional assays revealed that silencing of AU020206 aggravated macrophage pyroptosis and exacerbated AS symptoms in mice. These exacerbations were blocked upon CEBPB silencing but then restored after NLRP3 overexpression. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that AU020206 delivered by BMSC-EXO alleviates macrophage pyroptosis in AS by blocking CEBPB-mediated transcriptional activation of NLRP3.

[Epidemiological investigation of iron deficiency among preschool children in 10 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities in China]

Objective: To understand the current status of anemia, iron deficiency, and iron-deficiency anemia among preschool children in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a multi-stage stratified sampling method to select 150 streets or townships from 10 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities (East: Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Hainan; Central: Henan; West: Chongqing, Shaanxi, Guizhou, and Xinjiang; Northeast: Liaoning). From May 2022 to April 2023, a total of 21 470 children, including community-based children aged 0.5 to<3.0 years receiving child health care and kindergarten-based children aged 3.0 to<7.0 years, were surveyed. They were divided into 3 age groups: infants (0.5 to<1.0 year), toddlers (1.0 to<3.0 years), and preschoolers (3.0 to<7.0 years). Basic information such as sex and date of birth of the children was collected, and peripheral blood samples were obtained for routine blood tests and serum ferritin measurement. The prevalence rates of anemia, iron deficiency, and iron-deficiency anemia were analyzed, and the prevalence rate differences were compared among different ages, sex, urban and rural areas, and regions using the chi-square test. Results: A total of 21 460 valid responses were collected, including 10 780 boys (50.2%). The number of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers were 2 645 (12.3%), 6 244 (29.1%), and 12 571 (58.6%), respectively. The hemoglobin level was (126.7±14.8) g/L, and the serum ferritin level was 32.3 (18.5, 50.1) μg/L. The overall rates of anemia, iron deficiency, and iron-deficiency anemia were 10.4% (2 230/21 460), 28.3% (6 070/21 460), and 3.9% (845/21 460), respectively. The prevalence rate of anemia was higher for boys than for girls (10.9% (1 173/10 780) vs. 9.9% (1 057/10 680), χ2=5.58, P=0.018), with statistically significant differences in the rates for infants, toddlers and preschoolers (18.0% (475/2 645), 10.6% (662/6 244), and 8.7% (1 093/12 571), respectively, χ2=201.81, P<0.01), and the rate was significantly higher for children in rural than that in urban area (11.8% (1 516/12 883) vs. 8.3% (714/8 577), χ2=65.54, P<0.01), with statistically significant differences in the rates by region (χ2=126.60, P<0.01), with the highest rate of 15.8% (343/2 173) for children in Central region, and the lowest rate of 5.3% (108/2 053) in Northeastern region. The prevalence rates of iron deficiency were 33.8% (895/2 645), 32.2% (2 011/6 244), and 25.2% (3 164/12 571) in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, respectively, and 30.0% (3 229/10 780) in boys vs. 26.6% (2 841/10 680) in girls, 21.7% (1 913/8 821), 40.0% (870/2 173), 27.1% (2 283/8 413), 48.9% (1 004/2 053) in Eastern, Central, Western, and Northeastern regions, respectively, and each between-group showed a significant statistical difference (χ2=147.71, 29.73, 773.02, all P<0.01). The prevalence rate of iron-deficiency anemia showed a significant statistical difference between urban and rural areas, 2.9% (251/8 577) vs. 4.6% (594/12 883) (χ2=38.62, P<0.01), while the difference in iron deficiency prevalence was not significant (χ2=0.51, P=0.476). Conclusions: There has been a notable improvement in iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia among preschool children in China, but the situation remains concerning. Particular attention should be paid to the prevention and control of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia, especially among infants and children in the Central, Western, and Northeastern regions of China.

Seedlings of Poncirus trifoliata exhibit tissue-specific detoxification in response to NH4 + toxicity

Ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N) is essential for fruit tree growth, but the impact of excess NH4 +-N from fertilizer on evergreen citrus trees is unclear. In a climate chamber, 8-month-old citrus plants were exposed to five different hydroponic NH4 +-N concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm) for 1 month to study effects of NH4 +-N on growth characteristics, N uptake, metabolism, antioxidant enzymes and osmotic regulatory substances. Application of 10 mm NH4 +-N adversely affected root plasma membrane integrity, root physiological functions, and plant biomass. MDA, CAT, POD, APX and SOD content were significantly correlated with leaf N metabolic enzyme activity (GOGAT, GDH, GS and NR). GDH was the primary enzyme involved in NH4 +-N assimilation in leaves, while the primary pathway involved in roots was GS-GOGAT. Under comparatively high NH4 + addition, roots were the main organs involved in NH4 + utilization in citrus seedlings. Our results demonstrated that variations in NH4 + concentration and enzyme activity in various organs are associated with more effective N metabolism in roots than in leaves to prevent NH4 + toxicity in evergreen woody citrus plants. These results provide insight into the N forms used by citrus plants that are important for N fertilizer management.

Follicular fluid exosomes inhibit expression of BTG2 and promote glucose uptake in granulosa cells by delivering miR-21-5p

Glucose metabolism in granulosa cells (GCs) is essential for follicle development and oocyte maturation. Porcine follicular fluid exosomes promote the proliferation of porcine GCs and the synthesis of steroid hormones. However, their role in regulating glucose uptake in GCs is unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of porcine follicular fluid exosomes on glucose uptake in porcine GCs and the intrinsic mechanisms involved. First, transcriptome sequencing revealed that glucose metabolism-related pathways were altered in GCs treated with follicular fluid exosomes. Next, in vitro culture experiments showed that glucose uptake was increased and the IRS1/AKT signaling pathway was activated in GCs after treatment with follicular fluid exosomes. Finally, miRNA sequencing of follicular fluid exosomes revealed that miR-21-5p was the most abundant miRNA. Subsequent investigations indicated that miR-21-5p promoted glucose uptake in GCs by targeting BTG2, which activated the IRS1/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that porcine follicular fluid exosomes promote glucose uptake in porcine GCs by delivering miR-21-5p, which inhibits the expression of BTG2, activating the IRS1/AKT signaling pathway.

Salidroside promotes healthy longevity by interfering with HSP90 activity

Aging is a risk factor for human health and quality of life. Screening and development of novel supplements and medications to combat aging and delay the incidence of age-related diseases are of great significance. In this study, salidroside (SA), a primary natural small molecule from Rhodiola rosea, was investigated regarding its effects on life and healthspan and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of anti-aging and antioxidation. Our results showed that SA effectively prolonged lifespan and exhibited anti-aging and antioxidative properties. Computer-assisted methods, label-free interaction analysis, and in vitro assays showed that SA directly bound heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Furthermore, SA significantly inhibited the ATPase activity of HSP90, affecting the interaction between HSP90 and its interacting proteins and the expression of downstream genes to regulate lifespan and the oxidative stress response. Our findings provided new insights into the pharmacological properties of SA across multiple species and its potential as an anti-aging drug.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study assessing the impact of probiotic supplementation on the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in females

BACKGROUND

A previous exploratory study demonstrated the ability of the Lab4 probiotic to alleviate the symptoms of IBS, and post hoc data analysis indicated greatest improvements in the female subgroup. The aim of this study is to confirm the impact of this multistrain probiotic on IBS symptom severity in females.

METHODS

An 8-week, single-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, superiority study in 70 females with Rome IV-diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) receiving the Lab4 probiotic (25 billion colony-forming units) daily or a matched placebo. Changes from baseline in the IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS), daily bowel habits, anxiety, depression, IBS-related control, and avoidance behavior, executive function, and the fecal microbiota composition were assessed. The study was prospectively registered: ISRCTN 14866272 (registration date 20/07/22).

KEY RESULTS

At the end of the study, there were significant between-group reductions in IBS-SSS (-85.0, p < 0.0001), anxiety and depression scores (-1.9, p = 0.0002 and -2.4, p < 0.0001, respectively), and the IBS-related control and avoidance behavior score (-7.5, p = 0.0002), all favoring the probiotic group. A higher proportion of the participants in the probiotic group had normal stool form (p = 0.0106) and/or fewer defecations with loose stool form (p = 0.0311). There was little impact on the overall diversity of the fecal microbiota but there were significant differences in Roseburia, Holdemanella, Blautia, Agathobacter, Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Anaerostipes between the probiotic and placebo groups at the end of the study.

CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES

Daily supplementation with this probiotic may represent an option to be considered in the management of IBS.

A triple-crosslinking strategy for high-performance regenerated cellulose fibers derived from waste cotton textiles

Regenerated cellulose fibers has attracted increasing attention for high-grade textile raw materials and industrial textiles, but the low mechanical property caused by differences in regenerated raw materials and production levels limits its commercial application in the product diversity. Herein, we proposed a novel triple-crosslinking strategy by coupling with hydrogen bonds, chemical crosslinking, and internal mineralization from multiple pulsed vapor phase infiltration (MPI) to improve the mechanical performance of regenerated cellulose fibers. A binary solvent composed of ionic liquid (IL) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used to dissolve waste cotton textile and then wet spinning. Dual-crosslinking is firstly achieved by coupling glutaraldehyde (GA) and cellulose reaction. Subsequently, a metal oxide is intentionally infiltrated into inner cellulosic through MPI technology to form a third form of crosslinking, accompanied by the ultra-thin metal oxide nano-layer onto the surface of regenerated cellulose fibers. Results showed that the triple-crosslinking strategy has increased the tensile stress of the fiber by 43.57 % to 287.03 MPa. In all, triple-crosslinking strategy provides a theoretical basis and technical approach for the reinforcement of weak fibers in waste cotton recycling, which is expected to accelerate the development of the waste textile recycling industry and promote of the added-value of regenerated products.

Amplitude Analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} Decay

An amplitude analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} decay is presented using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7  fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected with the LHCb experiment. For the first time, the coefficients associated to short-distance physics effects, sensitive to processes beyond the standard model, are extracted directly from the data through a q^{2}-unbinned amplitude analysis, where q^{2} is the μ^{+}μ^{-} invariant mass squared. Long-distance contributions, which originate from nonfactorizable QCD processes, are systematically investigated, and the most accurate assessment to date of their impact on the physical observables is obtained. The pattern of measured corrections to the short-distance couplings is found to be consistent with previous analyses of b- to s-quark transitions, with the largest discrepancy from the standard model predictions found to be at the level of 1.8 standard deviations. The global significance of the observed differences in the decay is 1.4 standard deviations.

Measurements of All-Particle Energy Spectrum and Mean Logarithmic Mass of Cosmic Rays from 0.3 to 30 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A

We present the measurements of all-particle energy spectrum and mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays in the energy range of 0.3-30 PeV using data collected from LHAASO-KM2A between September 2021 and December 2022, which is based on a nearly composition-independent energy reconstruction method, achieving unprecedented accuracy. Our analysis reveals the position of the knee at 3.67±0.05±0.15  PeV. Below the knee, the spectral index is found to be -2.7413±0.0004±0.0050, while above the knee, it is -3.128±0.005±0.027, with the sharpness of the transition measured with a statistical error of 2%. The mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays is almost heavier than helium in the whole measured energy range. It decreases from 1.7 at 0.3 PeV to 1.3 at 3 PeV, representing a 24% decline following a power law with an index of -0.1200±0.0003±0.0341. This is equivalent to an increase in abundance of light components. Above the knee, the mean logarithmic mass exhibits a power law trend towards heavier components, which is reversal to the behavior observed in the all-particle energy spectrum. Additionally, the knee position and the change in power-law index are approximately the same. These findings suggest that the knee observed in the all-particle spectrum corresponds to the knee of the light component, rather than the medium-heavy components.

Gut-Derived Exosomes Mediate the Microbiota Dysbiosis-Induced Spermatogenesis Impairment by Targeting Meioc in Mice

Diseases like obesity and intestinal inflammation diseases are accompanied by dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (DSGM), which leads to various complications, including systemic metabolic disorders. DSGM reportedly impairs the fertility of male mice; however, the regulatory mechanism is unclear. Exosomes are molecular mediators of intercellular communication, but the regulation of spermatogenesis by non-reproductive tissue-originated exosomes remains unknown. The present study shows that DSGM altered the miRNA expression profile of mouse circulating exosomes and impaired spermatogenesis. Moreover, the single-cell sequencing results indicate that circulating exosomes from mice with DSGM impaired spermatogenesis, while circulating exosomes from wild mice improved spermatogenesis by promoting meiosis. Further study demonstrates that DSGM leads to abnormal upregulation of miR-211-5p in gut-derived circulating exosomes, which inhibited the expression of meiosis-specific with coiled-coil domain (Meioc) in the testes and impaired spermatogenesis by disturbing meiosis process. In summary, this study defines the important role of gut-derived exosomes in connecting the "gut-testis" axis.

Fraction of χ_{c} Decays in Prompt J/ψ Production Measured in pPb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV

The fraction of χ_{c1} and χ_{c2} decays in the prompt J/ψ yield, F_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}=σ_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}/σ_{J/ψ}, is measured by the LHCb detector in pPb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16  TeV. The study covers the forward (1.5 Collapse

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Exploring the impacts of senescence on implantation and early embryonic development using totipotent cell-derived blastoids

INTRODUCTION

Advanced maternal age is associated with reduced implantation and pregnancy rates, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and research models are limited.

OBJECTIVES

Here, we aim to elucidate the impacts of senescence on implantation ability by employing blastoids to construct a novel research model.

METHODS

We used a novel three-dimensional system with totipotent blastomere-like cells (TBLCs) to construct TBL-blastoids and established senescence-related embryo models derived from oxidative stress-induced TBLCs.

RESULTS

Morphological and transcriptomic analyses revealed that TBL-blastoids exhibited characteristic blastocyst morphology, cell lineages, and a higher consistency in developmental rate. TBL-blastoids demonstrated the ability to develop into postimplantation structures in vitro and successfully implanted into mouse uteri, inducing decidualization and forming embryonic tissues. Importantly, senescence impaired the implantation potential of TBL-blastoids, effectively mimicking the impaired implantation ability and reduced pregnancy rates associated with advanced age. Furthermore, analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in human homologous deciduae revealed enrichment in multiple fertility-related diseases and other complications of pregnancy. The genes implicated in these diseases and the common DEGs identified in the lineage-like cells of the two types of TBL-blastoids and deciduae may represent potential targets for addressing impaired implantation potential.

CONCLUSION

These results unveiled that TBL blastoids are an improved model for investigating implantation and early postimplantation, offering valuable insights into pregnancy-related disorders in women with advanced age and potential targets for therapeutic interventions.

Observation of Cabibbo-Suppressed Two-Body Hadronic Decays and Precision Mass Measurement of the Ω_{c}^{0} Baryon

The first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+} and Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+} decays is reported, using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector between 2016 and 2018. The branching fraction ratios are measured to be B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[6.08±0.51(stat)±0.40(syst)]%,B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[15.81±0.87(stat)±0.44(syst)±0.16(ext)]%. In addition, using the Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+} decay channel, the Ω_{c}^{0} baryon mass is measured to be M(Ω_{c}^{0})=2695.28±0.07(stat)±0.27(syst)±0.30(ext)  MeV, improving the precision of the previous world average by a factor of 4.

Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy (ULT) on renal outcomes in CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

It is well known that asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gout play an important role in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the effect of uric acid-lowering therapy (ULT) on the prognosis of CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia remains controversial. Therefore, we aim to investigate the influence of ULT on renal outcomes in these patients.

METHODS

Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), and the Cochrane Library, up until January 2024. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of ULT on renal outcomes in CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia.

RESULTS

A total of 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo or no treatment, ULT preserved the loss of estimated glomerular filtrating rate (eGFR) (Weighted mean difference [WMD] and its 95% confidence intercal(CI): 2.07 [0.15,3.98] mL/min/1.73m2) at long-term subgroup. At the same time, short-term subgroup also proved the preserved loss of eGFR (WMD 5.74[2.09, 9.39] mL/min/1.73m2). Compared with placebo or no treatment, ULT also reduced the increase in serum creatinine (Scr) at short-term (WMD -44.48[-84.03,-4.92]μmol/L) subgroup and long-term (WMD -46.13[-65.64,-26.62]μmol/L) subgroup. ULT was associated with lower incidence of the events of doubling of Scr without dialysis (relative risk (RR) 0.32 [0.21, 0.49], p < 0.001). However, no difference was found for lower incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) (p = 0.943).

CONCLUSIONS

According to our study, ULT is beneficial for slowing CKD progression both in short to long-term follow-ups. Additionally, in patients younger than 60 years old, the protective effect of ULT on renal outcome is more pronounced. However, it showed no significant difference in the incidence of AKI. These findings underscore the importance of considering ULT in clinical strategies for CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia.

Enhanced Production of Λ_{b}^{0} Baryons in High-Multiplicity pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The production rate of Λ_{b}^{0} baryons relative to B^{0} mesons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13  TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} production cross sections shows a significant dependence on both the transverse momentum and the measured charged-particle multiplicity. At low multiplicity, the ratio measured at LHCb is consistent with the value measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, and increases by a factor of ∼2 with increasing multiplicity. At relatively low transverse momentum, the ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} cross sections is higher than what is measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, but converges with the e^{+}e^{-} ratio as the momentum increases. These results imply that the evolution of heavy b quarks into final-state hadrons is influenced by the density of the hadronic environment produced in the collision. Comparisons with several models and implications for the mechanisms enforcing quark confinement are discussed.

Improved Measurement of CP Violation Parameters in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψK^{+}K^{-} Decays in the Vicinity of the ϕ(1020) Resonance

The decay-time-dependent CP asymmetry in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K^{+}K^{-} decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 B_{s}^{0} signal decays with an invariant K^{+}K^{-} mass in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020) resonance, the CP-violating phase ϕ_{s} is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the B_{s}^{0}-B[over ¯]_{s}^{0} system, ΔΓ_{s}, and the difference of the average B_{s}^{0} and B^{0} meson decay widths, Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}. The values obtained are ϕ_{s}=-0.039±0.022±0.006  rad, ΔΓ_{s}=0.0845±0.0044±0.0024  ps^{-1}, and Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}=-0.0056_{-0.0015}^{+0.0013}±0.0014  ps^{-1}, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase ϕ_{s} is also measured independently for each polarization state of the K^{+}K^{-} system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence.

Effect of contact precautions on preventing meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in intensive care units: a review and modelling study of field trials

BACKGROUND

Contact precautions (CPs) have been widely implemented in hospitals, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), as the standard approach for managing meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, the effectiveness of CPs in preventing MRSA transmission remains a subject of debate.

AIM

To assess the effectiveness of CPs in reducing MRSA transmission within ICUs.

METHODS

A comprehensive analysis was conducted using data from 16 sets of parameters collected from 13 field studies investigating the effectiveness of CPs in ICUs, and an epidemiologic model was developed to simulate the dynamics of MRSA incidence in the hospital setting.

FINDINGS

The analysis demonstrated a mean reduction of 20.52% (95% confidence interval -30.52 to 71.60%) in the MRSA transmission rate associated with the implementation of CPs. Furthermore, reducing the time-delay of screening tests and increasing the percentage of patients identified with MRSA through screening at admission were found to contribute to the effectiveness of CPs.

CONCLUSION

Proper implementation of CPs, with a particular emphasis on early identification of MRSA-colonized/infected patients, demonstrated a strong association with reduced MRSA transmission within the hospital setting. However, further research is necessary to investigate the effectiveness and safety of decolonization and other interventions used in conjunction with CPs to mitigate the risk of infection among colonized patients.

TL1A promotes metastasis and EMT process of colorectal cancer

Background

Metastasis is the major problem of colorectal cancer (CRC) and is correlated with the high mortality. Tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) is a novel regulatory factor for inflammatory diseases. This work aimed to investigate the role of TL1A in CRC metastasis.

Method

AOM/DSS-induced mouse model, xenograft tumor model and metastasis murine model were established to mimic the colitis-associated CRC and investigate CRC growth and metastasis in vivo. Colon tissues were assessed by hematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). CRC cell metastasis in vivo was observed using in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Cell viability and proliferation were examined using cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and EdU experiments. The expression of tumor growth factor β (TGFβ) and metastatic biomarkers were detected using western blotting experiment. The in vitro cell metastasis was measured by Transwell.

Results

Knockdown of TL1A notably suppressed the generation of colonic tumors in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) model, suppressed in vivo CRC cell growth, as well as lung and liver metastasis. The inflammation response and inflammatory cell infiltration in tumor sites were decreased by TL1A depletion. The in vitro CRC cell growth and metastasis was also suppressed by shTL1A, along with altered expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers. TL1A depletion suppressed the level of the TGF-β1 receptor (TβRI) and phosphorylation of Smad3 in CRC cells. Stimulation with TGF-β recovered the CRC cell migration and invasion that suppressed by shTL1A.

Conclusion

Our work implicated TL1A as a promoter of CRC generation and metastasis and defines TGF-β/Smad3 signaling as mediator of TL1A-regualated CRC cell metastasis.

[Application effects of rehabilitation care decision-making scheme based on case management model in severe burn patients]

Objective: To explore the application effects of application of rehabilitation care decision-making scheme based on case management model in severe burn patients. Methods: The study was a non-randomized historical control study. Thirty patients who met the inclusion criteria and received routine rehabilitation nursing in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University, hereinafter referred to as the hospital) from April 2021 to March 2022 were included in routine rehabilitation nursing group (26 males and 4 females, aged 48.50 (31.75, 56.25) years), and 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria and received case management rehabilitation nursing in the hospital from April 2022 to March 2023 were included in case management rehabilitation nursing group (22 males and 8 females, aged 46.00 (36.75, 55.25) years). The length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, total hospitalization day, and total hospitalization cost of the patients in two groups were recorded. At admission, convalescence, discharge, and 6 months after injury, the patients' life quality was evaluated by the concise burn specific health scale, the sleep quality was evaluated by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and the functional independence was evaluated by the functional independence rating scale. At convalescence, discharge, and 6 months after injury, the patients' scar status was evaluated by the Vancouver scar scale. At 6 months after injury, a third-party satisfaction questionnaire was used to investigate the efficacy satisfaction of patients. Results: The length of ICU stay and total hospitalization day of patients in case management rehabilitation nursing group were both significantly shorter than those in routine rehabilitation nursing group (with Z values of -1.97 and -1.99, respectively, P<0.05), and the total hospitalization cost was less than that in routine rehabilitation nursing group (Z=-1.99, P<0.05). At discharge and 6 months after injury, the life quality scores of patients in case management rehabilitation nursing group were significantly higher than those in routine rehabilitation nursing group (with t values of -3.19 and -4.43, respectively, P<0.05), while the sleep quality scores were significantly lower than those in routine rehabilitation nursing group (with Z values of -2.18 and -3.33, respectively, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in cognitive function scores of functional independence of patients between the 2 groups at admission, convalescence, discharge, and 6 months after injury (P>0.05). The exercise function scores and total scores of functional independence of patients in case management rehabilitation nursing group at convalescence, discharge, and 6 months after injury were significantly higher than those in routine rehabilitation nursing group (with Z values of -4.37, -2.73, -4.10, -4.37, -2.64, and -4.06, respectively, P<0.05). The scar pigmentation scores of patients in case management rehabilitation nursing group at 6 months after injury were significantly lower than those in routine rehabilitation nursing group (Z=-2.05, P<0.05), and the scar vascularity scores of patients in case management rehabilitation nursing group at discharge and 6 months after injury in case management rehabilitation nursing group were significantly lower than those in routine rehabilitation nursing group (with Z values of -3.16 and -2.07, respectively, P<0.05). The scar pliability scores (with Z values of -3.16, -2.45, and -4.38, respectively, P<0.05), thickness scores (with Z values of -2.56, -2.35, and -4.70, respectively, P<0.05), and total scores (with Z values of -3.77, -3.04, and -3.13, respectively, P<0.05) of patients in case management rehabilitation nursing group at convalescence, discharge, and 6 months after injury were significantly lower than those in routine rehabilitation nursing group. At 6 months after injury, the efficacy satisfaction scores of patients in case management rehabilitation nursing group were 4.00 (3.00, 4.25), which were significantly higher than 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) in routine rehabilitation nursing group (Z=-2.72, P<0.05). Conclusions: The implementation of rehabilitation care decision-making scheme based on case management model can optimize the cost efficiency, improve the effectiveness of clinical treatment, and enhance the life quality and satisfaction of the curative effect of severe burn patients.

lnc RNA LOC102163816 Promotes Proliferation of Porcine Follicular Granulosa Cells Via miR-455-3p/PTK2B/PI3K/AKT Pathway

The proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells (GCs) is a crucial process in follicular development. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism of follicular proliferation and differentiation of GCs needs further research. Studies have reported that follicular fluid exosomes are involved in regulation of proliferation of GCs, but the specific mechanism is unclear. This study demonstrated that LOC102163816 is upregulated in porcine GCs treated with follicular fluid exosomes. Further study defined LOC102163816 to be a novel long noncoding RNA that is highly homologous to human metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and enriched in porcine follicular fluid exosomes. We have speculated that LOC102163816 might have a cell-proliferative effect similar to that of MALAT1. We found that overexpression of LOC102163816 promoted transition from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle, thereby promoting proliferation of GCs. To explore the specific mechanism underlying this promotion of proliferation, miRNA sequencing was performed after overexpression of LOC102163816. Our results showed that LOC102163816 sponged miR-455-3p, promoting expression of protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2B), thereby activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to regulate proliferation of porcine follicular GCs. These findings provide useful insights into follicular development.

[Efficacy and prognostic factors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of secondary acute myeloid leukemia]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and prognostic factors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) . Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective clinical study, adult patients aged ≥18 years who underwent allo-HSCT for sAML at four centers of the Zhejiang Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Collaborative Group from January 2014 to November 2022 were included, and the efficacy and prognostic factors of allo-HSCT were analyzed. Results: A total of 95 patients were enrolled; 66 (69.5%) had myelodysplastic syndrome-acute myeloid leukemia (MDS-AML) , 4 (4.2%) had MDS/MPN-AML, and 25 (26.3%) had therapy-related AML (tAML) . The 3-year CIR, LFS, and overall survival (OS) rates were 18.6% (95% CI 10.2%-27.0%) , 70.6% (95% CI 60.8%-80.4%) , and 73.3% (95% CI 63.9%-82.7%) , respectively. The 3-year CIRs of the M-AML group (including MDS-AML and MDS/MPN-AML) and the tAML group were 20.0% and 16.4%, respectively (P=0.430) . The 3-year LFSs were 68.3% and 75.4%, respectively (P=0.176) . The 3-year OS rates were 69.7% and 75.4%, respectively (P=0.233) . The 3-year CIRs of the groups with and without TP53 mutations were 60.0% and 13.7%, respectively (P=0.003) ; the 3-year LFSs were 20.0% and 76.5%, respectively (P=0.002) ; and the 3-year OS rates were 40.0% and 77.6%, respectively (P=0.002) . According to European LeukmiaNet 2022 (ELN2022) risk stratification, the 3-year CIRs of patients in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 8.3%, 17.8%, and 22.6%, respectively (P=0.639) . The three-year LFSs were 91.7%, 69.5%, and 65.6%, respectively (P=0.268) . The 3-year OS rates were 91.7%, 71.4%, and 70.1%, respectively (P=0.314) . Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced disease at allo-HSCT and TP53 mutations were independent risk factors for CIR, LFS, and OS. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the prognosis of patients who underwent allo-HSCT among the MDS-AML, MDS/MPN-AML, and tAML groups. Advanced disease at transplantation and TP53 mutations were poor prognostic factors. ELN2022 risk stratification had limited value for predicting the prognosis of patients with sAML following allo-HSCT.

Measurement of CP Violation in B^{0}→ψ(→ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-})K_{S}^{0}(→π^{+}π^{-}) Decays

A measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the decays of B^{0} and B[over ¯]^{0} mesons to the final states J/ψ(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K_{S}^{0}, ψ(2S)(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K_{S}^{0} and J/ψ(→e^{+}e^{-})K_{S}^{0} with K_{S}^{0}→π^{+}π^{-} is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6  fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the LHCb detector. The CP-violation parameters are measured to be S_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.717±0.013(stat)±0.008(syst) and C_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.008±0.012(stat)±0.003(syst). This measurement of S_{ψK_{S}^{0}} represents the most precise single measurement of the CKM angle β to date and is more precise than the current world average. In addition, measurements of the CP-violation parameters of the individual channels are reported and a combination with the LHCb Run 1 measurements is performed.

Value of micro-flow imaging and high-definition micro-flow imaging in differentiating malignant and benign breast lesions

AIM

To evaluate the value of non-contrast micro-flow imaging (MFI) and high-definition micro-flow imaging (HD-MFI) in differentiating malignant and benign breast lesions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

One hundred and thirty-three patients with 138 breast lesions (80 benign and 58 malignant lesions) were examined using colour Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), MFI, and HD-MFI before biopsy, with blood flow signals graded into four types (grade 0, 1, 2, and 3) and penetrating vessels evaluated. The micro-vascular patterns of MFI and HD-MFI were evaluated and classified into five patterns: avascular, line-like, tree-like, root hair-like, and crab claw-like pattern. The diagnostic efficiency of micro-vascular patterns was analysed. Moreover, ultrasound Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4A lesions were also re-assessed according to the micro-vascular patterns of MFI or HD-MFI.

RESULTS

The capability of detecting blood flow and penetrating vessels from high to low was HD-MFI, MFI, and CDFI, respectively (p<0.05). Rich blood flow signals, penetrating vessels, and root hair-like or crab claw-like pattern were more likely in malignant breast lesions, while few blood flow signals, tree-like pattern were mostly in benign lesions (p<0.05). The diagnostic efficiency of HD-MFI and MFI were higher than CDFI (p>0.05). MFI could reduce unnecessary biopsy of 52 US BI-RADS 4A lesions but with two malignancies missed, while 56 ultrasound BI-RADS 4A lesions could be downgraded by HD-MFI with none malignancies missed.

CONCLUSIONS

MFI and HD-MFI can detect more blood flow in breast lesions than CDFI, and could help distinguish benign and malignant breast lesions. HD-MFI could reduce the unnecessary biopsy of US BI-RADS 4A lesions without missed malignancy.

Predicting the transmission dynamics of novel coronavirus infection in Shanxi province after the implementation of the "Class B infectious disease Class B management" policy

Background

China managed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with measures against Class B infectious diseases, instead of Class A infectious diseases, in a major shift of its epidemic response policies. We aimed to generate robust information on the transmission dynamics of novel coronavirus infection in Shanxi, a province located in northern China, after the implementation of the "Class B infectious disease Class B management" policy.

Methods

We consolidated infection data in Shanxi province from December 6, 2022 to January 14, 2023 through a network questionnaire survey and sentinel surveillance. A dynamics model of the SEIQHCVR was developed to track the infection curves and effective reproduction number (R t ).

Results

Our model was effective in estimating the trends of novel coronavirus infection, with the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) above 90% in infections, inpatients, and critically ill patients. The number of infections in Shanxi province as well as in urban and rural areas peaked on December 20, 2022, with the peak of inpatients and critically ill patients occurring 2 to 3 weeks after the peak of infections. By the end of January 2023, 87.72% of the Shanxi residents were predicted to be infected, and the outbreak subsequently subsided. A small wave of COVID-19 infections may re-emerge at the end of April. In less than a month, the R t values of positive infections, inpatients and critically ill patients were all below 1.0.

Conclusion

The outbreak in Shanxi province is currently at a low prevalence level. In the face of possible future waves of infection, there is a strong need to strengthen surveillance and early warning.

[Clear lens exchange should be performed with caution]

Clear lens exchange (CLE) boasts a venerable lineage, its prominence in the field of ophthalmology having incrementally solidified over recent decades, concomitant with the evolution of surgical techniques and the innovation of intraocular lens materials. CLE has assumed a pivotal role in the therapeutic armamentarium for conditions such as glaucoma, high myopia, and presbyopia. Nevertheless, it remains that the sacrifice of accommodation, potentialities of intraoperative and postoperative complications, and less than optimal results in terms of spectacle independence resulting from CLE are not infrequent occurrences. The indiscriminate pursuit of this surgical intervention is inadvisable. It is only by means of a sagacious appreciation of the merits and demerits of CLE, the judicious circumscription of its indicatory ambit, and the bespoke selection of surgical modalities catering to the individual patient, that the superlative outcomes in the realms of surgical efficacy, safety, and patient contentment may be attained.

Model-based analysis of the incidence trends and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 associated with the Omicron variant in representative cities in China

BACKGROUND

In 2022, Omicron outbreaks occurred at multiple sites in China. It is of great importance to track the incidence trends and transmission dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to guide further interventions.

METHODS

Given the population size, economic level and transport level similarities, two groups of outbreaks (Shanghai vs. Chengdu and Sanya vs. Beihai) were selected for analysis. We developed the SEAIQRD, ARIMA, and LSTM models to seek optimal modeling techniques for waves associated with the Omicron variant regarding data predictive performance and mechanism transmission dynamics, respectively. In addition, we quantitatively modeled the impacts of different combinations of more stringent interventions on the course of the epidemic through scenario analyses.

RESULTS

The best-performing LSTM model showed better prediction accuracy than the best-performing SEAIQRD and ARIMA models in most cases studied. The SEAIQRD model had an absolute advantage in exploring the transmission dynamics of the outbreaks. Regardless of the time to inflection point or the time to Rt curve below 1.0, Shanghai was later than Chengdu (day 46 vs. day 12/day 54 vs. day 14), and Sanya was later than Beihai (day 16 vs. day 12/day 20 vs. day 16). Regardless of the number of peak cases or the cumulative number of infections, Shanghai was higher than Chengdu (34,350 vs. 188/623,870 vs. 2,181), and Sanya was higher than Beihai (1,105 vs. 203/16,289 vs. 3,184). Scenario analyses suggested that upgrading control level in advance, while increasing the index decline rate and quarantine rate, were of great significance for shortening the time to peak and Rt below 1.0, as well as reducing the number of peak cases and final affected population.

CONCLUSIONS

The LSTM model has great potential for predicting the prevalence of Omicron outbreaks, whereas the SEAIQRD model is highly effective in revealing their internal transmission mechanisms. We recommended the use of joint interventions to contain the spread of the virus.

Investigation on the lubrication component and mechanism for a biolubricant isolated from the agro-waste resource of Codonopsis pilosula

Waste plant resource provides a new sustainable feedstock for the biolubricant, and purification of the effective components in biomass oil is vital to improve the performance of biolubricant. In this work, the crude extract of the aerial part of Codonopsis pilosula was divided into four different parts by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, respectively. Their thermal stability, lubricating performances and mechanisms have been systematically investigated. In the four extracts, the petroleum ether extract displays the best thermal stability and lubricating performance over the entire test conditions, and other three extracts are confronted with lubrication failure at high loads and elevated temperatures. Triterpenoid saponin, typical for n-butanol extract exhibit the best lubricity at room temperature, followed by the fatty acid derivatives as phosphatidylcholine; flavonoid, and sugar exhibit poor lubricity. At high temperature, only the petroleum ether extract retains the good lubricity.

TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALED THE MOLECULAR SIGNATURES OF CISPLATIN-FLUOROURACIL COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY RESISTANCE IN GASTRIC CANCER

Gastric cancer (GC) is among the top five malignant tumors worldwide in terms of morbidity and death. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for unresectable or advanced postoperative GC. Chemotherapy resistance developed against cisplatin-fluorouracil (CF) combined chemotherapy is one of the most common clinical issues in patients with GC, leading to poor prognosis. Two different methods were used to analyze GSE14210, and two gene sets were obtained. The first method involved performing the traditional difference analysis (adjusted p<0.05, |log2FC|>=1) by Network Analyst to obtain gene set 1, followed by conducting gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis on the obtained gene set. The second method involved using iDEP to make the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and performing GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, to obtain gene set 2. Thereafter, the STRING database and Cytoscape were used to construct Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks, screen core clusters, and hub genes of the two gene sets. Furthermore, the hub genes were verified in GSE14210 by the survival analysis method of the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Finally, we analyzed the mRNA expression of the hub genes by UALCAN and the protein expression of the same by Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Three real hub genes with the same mRNA expression as that of protein were identified, including CENPB, MTA1, and GCNT3. Finally, we performed single gene GO and KEGG enrichment analyses to explore the possible mechanisms of action of these three genes. The mRNA and protein expressions of CENPB, MTA1, and GCNT3 were upregulated in CF-resistant GC patients, and they were significantly associated with bad overall survival (OS). CENPB, MTA1 and GCNT3 are expected to be biomarkers with promising clinical applications as potential therapeutic targets for patients with refractory GC treated with CF combined chemotherapy.

Primary human thyrocytes maintained the function of thyroid hormone production and secretion in vitro

PURPOSE

Thyroid cell lines are useful tools to study the physiology and pathology of the thyroid, however, they do not produce or secrete hormones in vitro. On the other hand, the detection of endogenous thyroid hormones in primary thyrocytes was often hindered by the dedifferentiation of thyrocytes ex vivo and the presence of large amounts of exogenous hormones in the culture medium. This study aimed to create a culture system that could maintain the function of thyrocytes to produce and secrete thyroid hormones in vitro.

METHODS

We established a Transwell culture system of primary human thyrocytes. Thyrocytes were seeded on a porous membrane in the inner chamber of the Transwell with top and bottom surfaces exposed to different culture components, mimicking the 'lumen-capillary' structure of the thyroid follicle. Moreover, to eliminate exogenous thyroid hormones from the culture medium, two alternatives were tried: a culture recipe using hormone-reduced serum and a serum-free culture recipe.

RESULTS

The results showed that primary human thyrocytes expressed thyroid-specific genes at higher levels in the Transwell system than in the monolayer culture. Hormones were detected in the Transwell system even in the absence of serum. The age of the donor was negatively related to the hormone production of thyrocytes in vitro. Intriguingly, primary human thyrocytes cultured without serum secreted higher levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) than free thyroxine (FT4).

CONCLUSION

This study confirmed that primary human thyrocytes could maintain the function of hormone production and secretion in the Transwell system, thus providing a useful tool to study thyroid function in vitro.

Observation of New Baryons in the Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} and Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} Systems

The first observation and study of two new baryonic structures in the final state Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} and the confirmation of the Ξ_{b}(6100)^{-} state in the Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} decay mode are reported using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. In addition, the properties of the known Ξ_{b}^{*0}, Ξ_{b}^{'-} and Ξ_{b}^{*-} resonances are measured with improved precision. The new decay mode of the Ξ_{b}^{0} baryon to the Ξ_{c}^{+} π^{-} π^{+} π^{-} final state is observed and exploited for the first time in these measurements.

Precision Measurement of CP Violation in the Penguin-Mediated Decay B_{s}^{0}→ϕϕ

A flavor-tagged time-dependent angular analysis of the decay B_{s}^{0}→ϕϕ is performed using pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at the center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6  fb^{-1}. The CP-violating phase and direct CP-violation parameter are measured to be ϕ_{s}^{ss[over ¯]s}=-0.042±0.075±0.009  rad and |λ|=1.004±0.030±0.009, respectively, assuming the same values for all polarization states of the ϕϕ system. In these results, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. These parameters are also determined separately for each polarization state, showing no evidence for polarization dependence. The results are combined with previous LHCb measurements using pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding ϕ_{s}^{ss[over ¯]s}=-0.074±0.069  rad and |λ|=1.009±0.030. This is the most precise study of time-dependent CP violation in a penguin-dominated B meson decay. The results are consistent with CP symmetry and with the standard model predictions.

[Study the involvement of Langerin in mediating epicutaneous sensitization of atopic dermatitis-like mouse model]

Objective: To explore the role of Langerin in mediating epicutaneous sensitization of atopic dermatitis (AD) in mouse model. Methods: Mice were topically treated with calcipotriol (MC903) plus ovalbumin (OVA) on the ears to establish AD mouse models, and mice were divided into wild-type control group, wild-type AD group, Langerin knockout control group, and Langerin knockout AD group. Changes of lesion were daily observed. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, mRNA expression of Tslp, Il4, Il13, Il17a, and Il22, levels of serum total IgE, OVA-specific IgE (sIgE), OVA sIgG1 and OVA sIgG2a, proportion of regulatory T (Treg) cells in cervical draining lymph nodes were evaluated at the end of model preparation. Results: Skin tumidness and thickness, dermal inflammatory cells infiltration, the mRNA expression levels of Tslp, Il4, Il13, Il17a and Il22 in wild-type AD groups were higher than those in wild-type control groups, with (1.80±0.66, 1.64±0.25, 1.71±0.54, 2.41±0.23, 2.49±0.32) and (0.53±0.45, 0.85±0.29, 0.73±0.50, 0.72±0.25, 0.56±0.29), respectively (all P<0.05). In addition, the levels of serum total IgE, OVA sIgE and OVA sIgG1 in wild-type AD groups were higher than those in wild-type control groups, with [(1 216.00±572.70) ng/ml, (597.00±538.30) ng/ml, 1.59±0.09] and [(24.22±35.04) ng/ml, (20.01±41.71) ng/ml, 1.16±0.03], respectively (all P<0.05). In Langerin knockout mice, compared to wild-type mice, skin erythema, skin tumidness, epidermal thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration were more obvious; the mRNA expression levels of Tslp, Il4, Il13, Il17a and Il22 were upregulated with (8.19±6.44, 2.53±0.69, 2.82±0.73, 3.94±1.32, 3.80±1.43) (all P<0.05); the levels of serum total IgE, OVA sIgE and OVA sIgG1 were significantly increased with (2 508.00±657.10) ng/ml, (1 808.00±470.70) ng/ml, (1.73±0.09) (all P<0.05); the number of CD4+CD25+CD127-Treg cells were decreased significantly with (13.25±0.96)% and (15.31±1.47)%, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Langerin is involved in mediating epicutaneous sensitization of the AD mouse model and plays a negative immunoregulatory role.

Measurement of the Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ(1520)μ^{+}μ^{-} Differential Branching Fraction

The branching fraction of the rare decay Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ(1520)μ^{+}μ^{-} is measured for the first time, in the squared dimuon mass intervals q^{2}, excluding the J/ψ and ψ(2S) regions. The data sample analyzed was collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. The result in the highest q^{2} interval, q^{2}>15.0  GeV^{2}/c^{4}, where theoretical predictions have the smallest model dependence, agrees with the predictions.

Dynamics of depressive states among university students in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time series analysis

BACKGROUND

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was reported to have increased depression among university students which was associated with impairments in their campus lives. This study examined changes in depressive states among Japanese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A secondary data analysis from a factorial randomized controlled trial involving smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed. Six cohorts (N = 1626) underwent an 8-week intervention during the spring or autumn of 2019-2021, with a 9-month follow-up. We evaluated participants' depressive states weekly using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) during the intervention, with monthly evaluations thereafter. The follow-up periods included Japan's four states of emergency (SOEs) to control COVID-19. Hypothesizing that SOEs caused a sudden worsening of depressive states, Study 1 compared the cohorts' PHQ-9 scores, and Study 2 employed time series analysis with a mixed-effects model to estimate identified changes in PHQ-9 scores.

RESULTS

Although no changes in depressive states were observed in relation to the SOEs, Study 1 identified sudden increases in PHQ-9 scores at the 28-week evaluation point, which corresponded to the beginning of the new academic year for the three autumn cohorts. In contrast, the three spring cohorts did not exhibit similar changes. Study 2 showed that, for all three autumn cohorts (n = 522), the 0.60-point change was significant (95% CI 0.42-0.78; p < .001) at 28 weeks; that is, when their timeline was interrupted.

CONCLUSIONS

While the results do not indicate any notable impact of the SOEs, they highlight the influence of the new academic year on university students' mental health during COVID-19. Trial registration UMIN, CTR-000031307. Registered on February 14, 2018.

Digital template-guided genioplasty for patients with jaw deformity resulting from temporomandibular joint ankylosis: A comparison between single- and double-layer genioplasty

The aim of this study was to compare single- and double-layer digital template-assisted genioplasty for the correction of jaw deformity resulting from temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA). Thirteen patients with jaw deformity resulting from TMJA who underwent lateral arthroplasty, costochondral graft, or total joint replacement combined with single- or double-layer digital template-assisted genioplasty were included. Computed tomography data were obtained for the preoperative design. Digital templates were designed and manufactured using three-dimensional printing to assist with the chin osteotomy and repositioning in single- or double-layer genioplasty. Of the 13 patients included, seven underwent single-layer genioplasty and six underwent double-layer genioplasty. The digital templates precisely reflected the osteotomy planes and repositioning of the chin segments intraoperatively. The radiographic evaluation showed that the patients who underwent double-layer genioplasty exhibited more chin advancement (11.95 ± 0.92 mm vs 7.50 ± 0.89 mm; P < 0.001) with a slightly larger mean surface error (1.19 ± 0.14 mm vs 0.75 ± 0.15 mm; P < 0.001) than those who underwent single-layer genioplasty. This indicates that double-layer genioplasty better promoted chin advancement and improved the facial shape, but was accompanied by more surgical error compared with the preoperative design. Furthermore, hardly any nerve damage was observed. Digital templates are useful for assisting in surgical procedures.

Observation of New Ω_{c}^{0} States Decaying to the Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} Final State

Two new excited states, Ω_{c}(3185)^{0} and Ω_{c}(3327)^{0}, are observed in the Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} invariant-mass spectrum using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. Five previously observed excited Ω_{c}^{0} states are confirmed, namely Ω_{c}(3000)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3050)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3065)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3090)^{0}, and Ω_{c}(3119)^{0}. The masses and widths of these seven states are measured with the highest precision to date.

Evidence of a J/ψK_{S}^{0} Structure in B^{0}→J/ψϕK_{S}^{0} Decays

An amplitude analysis of B^{0}→J/ψϕK_{S}^{0} decays is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Evidence with a significance of 4.0 standard deviations of a structure in the J/ψK_{S}^{0} system, named T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{0}, is seen, with its mass and width measured to be 3991_{-10}^{+12} _{-17}^{+9}  MeV/c^{2} and 105_{-25}^{+29} _{-23}^{+17}  MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{0} state is likely to be the isospin partner of the T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{+} state, previously observed in the J/ψK^{+} system of the B^{+}→J/ψϕK^{+} decay. When isospin symmetry for the charged and neutral T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000) states is assumed, the signal significance increases to 5.4 standard deviations.

Measurement of the Ratios of Branching Fractions R(D^{*}) and R(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions R(D^{*})≡B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}) and R(D^{0})≡B(B^{-}→D^{0}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B^{-}→D^{0}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}) are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0  fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode τ^{-}→μ^{-}ν_{τ}ν[over ¯]_{μ}. The measured values are R(D^{*})=0.281±0.018±0.024 and R(D^{0})=0.441±0.060±0.066, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is ρ=-0.43. The results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the standard model.

Measurement of the Prompt D^{0} Nuclear Modification Factor in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV

The production of prompt D^{0} mesons in proton-lead collisions in both the forward and backward rapidity regions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16  TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The nuclear modification factor of prompt D^{0} mesons is determined as a function of the transverse momentum p_{T}, and the rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass frame y^{*}. In the forward rapidity region, significantly suppressed production with respect to pp collisions is measured, which provides significant constraints on models of nuclear parton distributions and hadron production down to the very low Bjorken-x region of ∼10^{-5}. In the backward rapidity region, a suppression with a significance of 2.0-3.8 standard deviations compared to parton distribution functions in a nuclear environment expectations is found in the kinematic region of p_{T}>6  GeV/c and -3.25 Collapse

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Strategy for Constructing Phosphorus-Based Flame-Retarded Polyurethane Elastomers for Advanced Performance in Long-Term

Polyurethane elastomer (PUE), which is widely used in coatings for construction, transportation, electronics, aerospace, and other fields, has excellent physical properties. However, polyurethane elastomers are flammable, which limits their daily use, so the flame retardancy of polyurethane elastomers is very important. Reactive flame retardants have the advantages of little influence on the physical properties of polymers and low tendency to migrate out. Due to the remarkable needs of non-halogenated flame retardants, phosphorus flame retardant has gradually stood out as the main alternative. In this review, we focus on the fire safety of PUE and provide a detailed overview of the current molecular design and mechanisms of reactive phosphorus-containing, as well as P-N synergistic, flame retardants in PUE. From the structural characteristics, several basic aspects of PUE are overviewed, including thermal performance, combustion performance, and mechanical properties. In addition, the perspectives on the future advancement of phosphorus-containing flame-retarded polyurethane elastomers (PUE) are also discussed. Based on the past research, this study provides prospects for the application of flame-retarded PUE in the fields of self-healing materials, bio-based materials, wearable electronic devices, and solid-state electrolytes.

Metabolomic Profiling of Female Mink Serum during Early to Mid-Pregnancy to Reveal Metabolite Changes

Mink embryos enter a period of diapause after the embryo develops into the blastocyst, and its reactivation is mainly caused by an increase in polyamine. The specific process of embryo diapause regulation and reactivation remains largely unexamined. This study aimed to identify changes in metabolites in the early pregnancy of mink by comparing and analyzing in serum metabolites up to twenty-nine days after mating. Blood samples were taken on the first day of mating, once a week until the fifth week. Metabolomic profiles of the serum samples taken during this period were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analyses identified differential metabolite expression at different time points in both positive and negative ion modes. The levels of dopamine, tyramine, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, tyrosine, L-kynurenine, L-lysine, L-arginine, D-ornithine, and leucine changed significantly. These metabolites may be associated with the process of embryo diapause and subsequent reactivation.

Measurement of the Time-Integrated CP Asymmetry in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} Decays

The time-integrated CP asymmetry in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.7  fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. The D^{0} mesons are required to originate from promptly produced D^{*+}→D^{0}π^{+} decays, and the charge of the companion pion is used to determine the flavor of the charm meson at production. The time-integrated CP asymmetry is measured to be A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+})=[6.8±5.4±1.6]×10^{-4} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The direct CP asymmetries in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays, a_{K^{-}K^{+}}^{d} and a_{π^{-}π^{+}}^{d}, are derived by combining A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+}) with the time-integrated CP asymmetry difference, ΔA_{CP}=A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+})-A_{CP}(π^{-}π^{+}), and other inputs, giving a_{K^{-}K^{+}}^{d}=(7.7±5.7)×10^{-4},a_{π^{-}π^{+}}^{d}=(23.2±6.1)×10^{-4},with a correlation coefficient corresponding to ρ=0.88. The compatibility of these results with CP symmetry is 1.4 and 3.8 standard deviations for D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays, respectively. This is the first evidence for direct CP violation in a specific D^{0} decay.

Measurement of the Branching Fractions B(B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯]) and B(B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])

Searches for the rare hadronic decays B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] and B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] are performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. Significances of 9.3σ and 4.0σ, including statistical and systematic uncertainties, are obtained for the B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] and B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] signals, respectively. The branching fractions are measured relative to the topologically similar normalization decays B^{0}→J/ψ(→pp[over ¯])K^{*0}(→K^{+}π^{-}) and B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→pp[over ¯])⁢ϕ(→K^{+}K^{-}). The branching fractions are measured to be B(B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])=(2.2±0.4±0.1±0.1)×10^{-8} and B(B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])=(2.3±1.0±0.2±0.1)×10^{-8}. In these measurements, the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third one is due to the external branching fraction of the normalization channel.