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De Rosa AP, d'Ambrosio A, Bisecco A, Altieri M, Cirillo M, Gallo A, Esposito F. Functional gradients reveal cortical hierarchy changes in multiple sclerosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26678. [PMID: 38647001 PMCID: PMC11033924 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional gradient (FG) analysis represents an increasingly popular methodological perspective for investigating brain hierarchical organization but whether and how network hierarchy changes concomitant with functional connectivity alterations in multiple sclerosis (MS) has remained elusive. Here, we analyzed FG components to uncover possible alterations in cortical hierarchy using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data acquired in 122 MS patients and 97 healthy control (HC) subjects. Cortical hierarchy was assessed by deriving regional FG scores from rs-fMRI connectivity matrices using a functional parcellation of the cerebral cortex. The FG analysis identified a primary (visual-to-sensorimotor) and a secondary (sensory-to-transmodal) component. Results showed a significant alteration in cortical hierarchy as indexed by regional changes in FG scores in MS patients within the sensorimotor network and a compression (i.e., a reduced standard deviation across all cortical parcels) of the sensory-transmodal gradient axis, suggesting disrupted segregation between sensory and cognitive processing. Moreover, FG scores within limbic and default mode networks were significantly correlated (ρ = 0.30 $$ \rho =0.30 $$ , p < .005 after Bonferroni correction for both) with the symbol digit modality test (SDMT) score, a measure of information processing speed commonly used in MS neuropsychological assessments. Finally, leveraging supervised machine learning, we tested the predictive value of network-level FG features, highlighting the prominent role of the FG scores within the default mode network in the accurate prediction of SDMT scores in MS patients (average mean absolute error of 1.22 ± 0.07 points on a hold-out set of 24 patients). Our work provides a comprehensive evaluation of FG alterations in MS, shedding light on the hierarchical organization of the MS brain and suggesting that FG connectivity analysis can be regarded as a valuable approach in rs-fMRI studies across different MS populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pasquale De Rosa
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Alessandro d'Ambrosio
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Alvino Bisecco
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Manuela Altieri
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Mario Cirillo
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
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2
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Costantino A, Pham LBT, Barbieri L, Calderone V, Ben‐Nissan G, Sharon M, Banci L, Luchinat E. Controlling the incorporation of fluorinated amino acids in human cells and its structural impact. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4910. [PMID: 38358125 PMCID: PMC10868450 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Fluorinated aromatic amino acids (FAAs) are promising tools when studying protein structure and dynamics by NMR spectroscopy. The incorporation FAAs in mammalian expression systems has been introduced only recently. Here, we investigate the effects of FAAs incorporation in proteins expressed in human cells, focusing on the probability of incorporation and its consequences on the 19 F NMR spectra. By combining 19 F NMR, direct MS and x-ray crystallography, we demonstrate that the probability of FAA incorporation is only a function of the FAA concentration in the expression medium and is a pure stochastic phenomenon. In contrast with the MS data, the x-ray structures of carbonic anhydrase II reveal that while the 3D structure is not affected, certain positions lack fluorine, suggesting that crystallization selectively excludes protein molecules featuring subtle conformational modifications. This study offers a predictive model of the FAA incorporation efficiency and provides a framework for controlling protein fluorination in mammalian expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Costantino
- CERM – Magnetic Resonance CenterUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeSesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Lan B. T. Pham
- CERM – Magnetic Resonance CenterUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeSesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Letizia Barbieri
- CERM – Magnetic Resonance CenterUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeSesto FiorentinoItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine – CIRMMPSesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Vito Calderone
- CERM – Magnetic Resonance CenterUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeSesto FiorentinoItaly
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeSesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Gili Ben‐Nissan
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Lucia Banci
- CERM – Magnetic Resonance CenterUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeSesto FiorentinoItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine – CIRMMPSesto FiorentinoItaly
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeSesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Enrico Luchinat
- CERM – Magnetic Resonance CenterUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeSesto FiorentinoItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine – CIRMMPSesto FiorentinoItaly
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeSesto FiorentinoItaly
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3
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Cianciotti BC, Magnani ZI, Ugolini A, Camisa B, Merelli I, Vavassori V, Potenza A, Imparato A, Manfredi F, Abbati D, Perani L, Spinelli A, Shifrut E, Ciceri F, Vago L, Di Micco R, Naldini L, Genovese P, Ruggiero E, Bonini C. TIM-3, LAG-3, or 2B4 gene disruptions increase the anti-tumor response of engineered T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1315283. [PMID: 38510235 PMCID: PMC10953820 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1315283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In adoptive T cell therapy, the long term therapeutic benefits in patients treated with engineered tumor specific T cells are limited by the lack of long term persistence of the infused cellular products and by the immunosuppressive mechanisms active in the tumor microenvironment. Exhausted T cells infiltrating the tumor are characterized by loss of effector functions triggered by multiple inhibitory receptors (IRs). In patients, IR blockade reverts T cell exhaustion but has low selectivity, potentially unleashing autoreactive clones and resulting in clinical autoimmune side effects. Furthermore, loss of long term protective immunity in cell therapy has been ascribed to the effector memory phenotype of the infused cells. Methods We simultaneously redirected T cell specificity towards the NY-ESO-1 antigen via TCR gene editing (TCRED) and permanently disrupted LAG3, TIM-3 or 2B4 genes (IRKO) via CRISPR/Cas9 in a protocol to expand early differentiated long-living memory stem T cells. The effector functions of the TCRED-IRKO and IR competent (TCRED-IRCOMP) cells were tested in short-term co-culture assays and under a chronic stimulation setting in vitro. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of the developed cellular products were evaluated in multiple myeloma xenograft models. Results We show that upon chronic stimulation, TCRED-IRKO cells are superior to TCRED-IRCOMP cells in resisting functional exhaustion through different mechanisms and efficiently eliminate cancer cells upon tumor re-challenge in vivo. Our data indicate that TIM-3 and 2B4-disruption preserve T-cell degranulation capacity, while LAG-3 disruption prevents the upregulation of additional inhibitory receptors in T cells. Conclusion These results highlight that TIM-3, LAG-3, and 2B4 disruptions increase the therapeutic benefit of tumor specific cellular products and suggest distinct, non-redundant roles for IRs in anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zulma Irene Magnani
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Ugolini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Camisa
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Valentina Vavassori
- Gene Transfer Technologies and New Gene Therapy Strategies Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Potenza
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Imparato
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Manfredi
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Abbati
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Perani
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonello Spinelli
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eric Shifrut
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Dotan Center for Advanced Therapies, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Vago
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Micco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- Gene Transfer Technologies and New Gene Therapy Strategies Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Genovese
- Gene Transfer Technologies and New Gene Therapy Strategies Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eliana Ruggiero
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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4
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D'Arminio N, Ruggiero V, Pierri G, Marabotti A, Tedesco C. Emerging role of carbonyl-carbonyl interactions in the classification of beta turns. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4868. [PMID: 38100281 PMCID: PMC10806932 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl-carbonyl interactions in peptides and proteins attracted considerable interest in recent years. Here, we report a survey of carbonyl-carbonyl interactions in cyclic peptides, depsipeptides, peptoids and discuss the relationship between backbone torsion angles and CO∙∙∙CO distances. In general, φ values in the range between -40° and -90° and between 40° and 90° correspond to CO∙∙∙CO distances below 3.22 Å. By extending the analysis of carbonyl-carbonyl interactions in different types of beta turns in proteins, we also highlight the role of direct or reciprocal carbonyl-carbonyl interactions in stabilizing the beta turn conformation for each specific type. We confirmed the new type II beta turn, detected by Dunbrack and coworkers, and named Pa, and detect the presence of a direct carbonyl-carbonyl interaction between the second and third residues of the turn. We also evidenced the existence of another new type II beta turn, named pA (following Dunbrack's notation), which represents the alternative conformation of Pa with opposite φ and ψ values and is characterized by a direct carbonyl-carbonyl interaction between the second and third residues of the turn. Finally, we show that the occurrence of CO∙∙∙CO interactions could be also advocated to explain from a chemical point of view the diversity of turn types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D'Arminio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”University of SalernoFiscianoItaly
| | - Valentina Ruggiero
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”University of SalernoFiscianoItaly
- Present address:
Department of PharmacyUniversity of SalernoFiscianoItaly
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”University of SalernoFiscianoItaly
| | - Anna Marabotti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”University of SalernoFiscianoItaly
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”University of SalernoFiscianoItaly
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Shen J, Wen X, Xing X, Fozza C, Sechi LA. Endogenous retroviruses Suppressyn and Syncytin-2 as innovative prognostic biomarkers in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1339673. [PMID: 38274728 PMCID: PMC10808309 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1339673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emerging evidence has proven that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), whereas the specific HERVs influencing the prognosis of AML patients have yet to be fully understood. Methods In this study, a systematic exploration was achieved to identify potential prognostic HERVs for AML, sourced from TCGA and GTEx database. Differential analysis and functional enrichment studies were conducted using GO, KEGG, GSEA, and GSVA. The ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to explore the immune infiltration of HERVs in AML. A prognostic risk-score model was evaluated with predicted yearly accuracy using ROC analysis. Results Two HERVs Suppressyn and Syncytin-2, were identified as promising prognostic biomarkers, with high discrimination ability based on ROC analysis between AML and healthy cohorts from TCGA. Their expression was notably higher in AML patients compared to those in healthy individuals but correlates with favorable clinical outcomes in sub-groups such as white race, lower WBC counts, favorable and intermediate risks, and NPM1 or IDH1 mutation. Suppressyn and Syncytin-2 participated in immune-related pathways and exhibited correlations with multiple immune infiltration cells, such as T cells, mast cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. Finally, we developed a prognostic risk-scoring model combining Suppressyn and Syncytin-2, where a high risk-score is associated with better prognosis. Discussion Collectively, our findings revealed that Suppressyn and Syncytin-2 may act as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for individuals with AML, while highlighting links between HERV activation, immunogenicity, and future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaofen Wen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xueyang Xing
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Claudio Fozza
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Antonio Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- SC of Microbiology and Virology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Quartesan I, Vegezzi E, Currò R, Heslegrave A, Pisciotta C, Iruzubieta P, Salvalaggio A, Fernández‐Eulate G, Dominik N, Rugginini B, Manini A, Abati E, Facchini S, Manso K, Albajar I, Laban R, Rossor AM, Pichiecchio A, Cosentino G, Saveri P, Salsano E, Andreetta F, Valente EM, Zetterberg H, Giunti P, Stojkovic T, Briani C, López de Munain A, Pareyson D, Reilly MM, Houlden H, Tassorelli C, Cortese A. Serum Neurofilament Light Chain in Replication Factor Complex Subunit 1 CANVAS and Disease Spectrum. Mov Disord 2024; 39:209-214. [PMID: 38054570 PMCID: PMC10953432 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic intronic AAGGG repeat expansions in the replication factor complex subunit 1 (RFC1) gene were identified as the leading cause of cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome. Patients exhibit significant clinical heterogeneity and variable disease course, but no potential biomarker has been identified to date. OBJECTIVES In this multicenter cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate neurofilament light (NfL) chain serum levels in a cohort of RFC1 disease patients and to correlate NfL serum concentrations with clinical phenotype and disease severity. METHODS Sixty-one patients with genetically confirmed RFC1 disease and 48 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled from six neurological centers. Serum NfL concentration was measured using the single molecule array assay technique. RESULTS Serum NfL concentration was significantly higher in patients with RFC1 disease compared to age- and-sex-matched HCs (P < 0.0001). NfL level showed a moderate correlation with age in both HCs (r = 0.4353, P = 0.0020) and patients (r = 0.4092, P = 0.0011). Mean NfL concentration appeared to be significantly higher in patients with cerebellar involvement compared to patients without cerebellar dysfunction (27.88 vs. 21.84 pg/mL, P = 0.0081). The association between cerebellar involvement and NfL remained significant after controlling for age and sex (β = 0.260, P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Serum NfL levels are significantly higher in patients with RFC1 disease compared to HCs and correlate with cerebellar involvement. Longitudinal studies are warranted to assess its change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Quartesan
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | - Elisa Vegezzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | - Riccardo Currò
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseasesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Pablo Iruzubieta
- Neurology Department, Donostia University HospitalOsakidetza, and Biodonostia Health Research Institute‐UPV‐EHUSan SebastiánSpain
| | | | - Gorka Fernández‐Eulate
- Neuro‐myology Department, Institut de Myologie, Pitié‐Salpêtriére HospitalAPHP, Sorbonne UniversityParisFrance
| | - Natalia Dominik
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseasesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Bianca Rugginini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Arianna Manini
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseasesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Elena Abati
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseasesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT)University of MilanMilanItaly
| | | | - Katarina Manso
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Ines Albajar
- Neurology Department, Donostia University HospitalOsakidetza, and Biodonostia Health Research Institute‐UPV‐EHUSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Rhiannon Laban
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexander M. Rossor
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseasesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | - Paola Saveri
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Ettore Salsano
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | | | - Enza M. Valente
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesClear Water BayHong KongChina
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeuroscienceUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Neuro‐myology Department, Institut de Myologie, Pitié‐Salpêtriére HospitalAPHP, Sorbonne UniversityParisFrance
| | - Chiara Briani
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neurology Department, Donostia University HospitalOsakidetza, and Biodonostia Health Research Institute‐UPV‐EHUSan SebastiánSpain
| | | | - Mary M. Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseasesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseasesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | - Andrea Cortese
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseasesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
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Cecchi S, Momand J, Dragoni D, Abou El Kheir O, Fagiani F, Kriegner D, Rinaldi C, Arciprete F, Holý V, Kooi BJ, Bernasconi M, Calarco R. Thick Does the Trick: Genesis of Ferroelectricity in 2D GeTe-Rich (GeTe) m (Sb 2 Te 3 ) n Lamellae. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304785. [PMID: 37988708 PMCID: PMC10767439 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to engineer (GeTe)m (Sb2 Te3 )n phase-change materials to co-host ferroelectricity is extremely attractive. The combination of these functionalities holds great technological impact, potentially enabling the design of novel multifunctional devices. Here an experimental and theoretical study of epitaxial (GeTe)m (Sb2 Te3 )n with GeTe-rich composition is presented. These layered films feature a tunable distribution of (GeTe)m (Sb2 Te3 )1 blocks of different sizes. Breakthrough evidence of ferroelectric displacement in thick (GeTe)m (Sb2 Te3 )1 lamellae is provided. The density functional theory calculations suggest the formation of a tilted (GeTe)m slab sandwiched in GeTe-rich blocks. That is, the net ferroelectric polarization is confined almost in-plane, representing an unprecedented case between 2D and bulk ferroelectric materials. The ferroelectric behavior is confirmed by piezoresponse force microscopy and electroresistive measurements. The resilience of the quasi van der Waals character of the films, regardless of their composition, is also demonstrated. Hence, the material developed hereby gathers in a unique 2D platform the phase-change and ferroelectric switching properties, paving the way for the conception of innovative device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cecchi
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano‐Bicoccavia R. Cozzi 5520125MilanoItaly
- Paul‐Drude‐Institut für FestkörperelektronikLeibniz‐Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.Hausvogteiplatz 5‐710117BerlinGermany
| | - Jamo Momand
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Daniele Dragoni
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano‐Bicoccavia R. Cozzi 5520125MilanoItaly
| | - Omar Abou El Kheir
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano‐Bicoccavia R. Cozzi 5520125MilanoItaly
| | - Federico Fagiani
- Dipartimento di FisicaPolitecnico di MilanoP.zza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133MilanoItaly
| | - Dominik Kriegner
- Institute of Solid State and Materials PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenHelmholtzstr. 1001069DresdenGermany
- Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesCukrovarnická 10/11216200Praha 6Czech Republic
| | - Christian Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di FisicaPolitecnico di MilanoP.zza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133MilanoItaly
| | - Fabrizio Arciprete
- Dipartimento di FisicaUniversità di Roma “Tor Vergata”Via della Ricerca Scientifica 100133RomeItaly
| | - Vaclav Holý
- Department of Condensed Matter PhysicsFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University, Ke Karlovu 512116PrahaCzech Republic
- Institute of Condensed Matter PhysicsFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityKotlářská 2611 37BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Bart J. Kooi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Bernasconi
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano‐Bicoccavia R. Cozzi 5520125MilanoItaly
| | - Raffaella Calarco
- Paul‐Drude‐Institut für FestkörperelektronikLeibniz‐Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.Hausvogteiplatz 5‐710117BerlinGermany
- CNR Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems–IMMConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheVia del Fosso del Cavaliere 10000133RomaItaly
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Pace A, Lombardi G, Villani V, Benincasa D, Abbruzzese C, Cestonaro I, Corrà M, Padovan M, Cerretti G, Caccese M, Silvani A, Gaviani P, Giannarelli D, Ciliberto G, Paggi MG. Efficacy and safety of chlorpromazine as an adjuvant therapy for glioblastoma in patients with unmethylated MGMT gene promoter: RACTAC, a phase II multicenter trial. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1320710. [PMID: 38162492 PMCID: PMC10755935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1320710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Drug repurposing is a promising strategy to develop new treatments for glioblastoma. In this phase II clinical trial, we evaluated the addition of chlorpromazine to temozolomide in the adjuvant phase of the standard first-line therapeutic protocol in patients with unmethylated MGMT gene promoter. Methods This was a multicenter phase II single-arm clinical trial. The experimental procedure involved the combination of CPZ with standard treatment with TMZ in the adjuvant phase of the Stupp protocol in newly-diagnosed GBM patients carrying an unmethylated MGMT gene promoter. Progression-free survival was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were overall survival and toxicity. Results Forty-one patients were evaluated. Twenty patients (48.7%) completed 6 cycles of treatment with TMZ+CPZ. At 6 months, 27 patients (65.8%) were without progression, achieving the primary endpoint. Median PFS was 8.0 months (95% CI: 7.0-9.0). Median OS was 15.0 months (95% CI: 13.1-16.9). Adverse events led to reduction or interruption of CPZ dosage in 4 patients (9.7%). Discussion The addition of CPZ to standard TMZ in the first-line treatment of GBM patients with unmethylated MGMT gene promoter was safe and led to a longer PFS than expected in this population of patients. These findings provide proof-of-concept for the potential of adding CPZ to standard TMZ treatment in GBM patients with unmethylated MGMT gene promoter. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04224441, identifier NCT04224441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pace
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martina Corrà
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Padovan
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Mario Caccese
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco G. Paggi
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Fischer B, Chemnitz M, Zhu Y, Perron N, Roztocki P, MacLellan B, Di Lauro L, Aadhi A, Rimoldi C, Falk TH, Morandotti R. Neuromorphic Computing via Fission-based Broadband Frequency Generation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303835. [PMID: 37786262 PMCID: PMC10724387 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The performance limitations of traditional computer architectures have led to the rise of brain-inspired hardware, with optical solutions gaining popularity due to the energy efficiency, high speed, and scalability of linear operations. However, the use of optics to emulate the synaptic activity of neurons has remained a challenge since the integration of nonlinear nodes is power-hungry and, thus, hard to scale. Neuromorphic wave computing offers a new paradigm for energy-efficient information processing, building upon transient and passively nonlinear interactions between optical modes in a waveguide. Here, an implementation of this concept is presented using broadband frequency conversion by coherent higher-order soliton fission in a single-mode fiber. It is shown that phase encoding on femtosecond pulses at the input, alongside frequency selection and weighting at the system output, makes transient spectro-temporal system states interpretable and allows for the energy-efficient emulation of various digital neural networks. The experiments in a compact, fully fiber-integrated setup substantiate an anticipated enhancement in computational performance with increasing system nonlinearity. The findings suggest that broadband frequency generation, accessible on-chip and in-fiber with off-the-shelf components, may challenge the traditional approach to node-based brain-inspired hardware design, ultimately leading to energy-efficient, scalable, and dependable computing with minimal optical hardware requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennet Fischer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications1650 Blvd. Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X1S2Canada
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic TechnologyAlbert‐Einstein Str. 907745JenaGermany
| | - Mario Chemnitz
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications1650 Blvd. Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X1S2Canada
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic TechnologyAlbert‐Einstein Str. 907745JenaGermany
| | - Yi Zhu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications1650 Blvd. Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X1S2Canada
| | - Nicolas Perron
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications1650 Blvd. Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X1S2Canada
| | - Piotr Roztocki
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications1650 Blvd. Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X1S2Canada
- Ki3 Photonics Technologies2547 Rue SicardMontrealQuebecH1V 2Y8Canada
| | - Benjamin MacLellan
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications1650 Blvd. Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X1S2Canada
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications1650 Blvd. Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X1S2Canada
| | - A. Aadhi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications1650 Blvd. Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X1S2Canada
| | - Cristina Rimoldi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications1650 Blvd. Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X1S2Canada
- Dipartimento di Elettronica e TelecomunicazioniPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
| | - Tiago H. Falk
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications1650 Blvd. Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X1S2Canada
| | - Roberto Morandotti
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications1650 Blvd. Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X1S2Canada
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Zanetto A, Pelizzaro F, Mion MM, Bucci M, Ferrarese A, Simioni P, Basso D, Burra P, Senzolo M. Toward a more precise prognostic stratification in acute decompensation of cirrhosis: The Padua model 2.0. United European Gastroenterol J 2023; 11:815-824. [PMID: 37792602 PMCID: PMC10637119 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical course of acutely decompensated cirrhosis (AD) is heterogeneous. Presepsin (PSP) is a plasmatic biomarker that reflects Toll-like receptor activity and systemic inflammation. We conducted a prospective study to: (1) measure PSP in AD and (2) assess whether PSP in AD can predict the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). METHODS Patients with AD were prospectively recruited at admission and underwent determination of PSP. In study part 1, we compared PSP in AD versus controls (stable decompensated and compensated cirrhosis). In study part 2, we prospectively followed patients with AD for 1 year and evaluated predictors of ACLF. RESULTS One hundred and seventy three patients with AD were included (median MELD: 18; CLIF-C AD score: 54). Compared with controls, patients with AD had higher levels of PSP (674 ng/L vs. 310 ng/L vs. 157 ng/L; p < 0.001). In patients with AD, Child-Pugh C and acute kidney injury were associated with higher levels of PSP. During the follow-up, 52 patients developed ACLF (median time from recruitment: 66 days). PSP, CLIF-C AD score, and Child-Pugh stage were independently associated with ACLF. A predictive model combining these variables (Padua model 2.0) accurately identified patients at higher risk of ACLF (AUROC 0.864; 95% CI 0.780-0.947; sensitivity 82.9%, specificity 76.7%). In patients at lower risk of ACLF based on a CLIF-C AD <50, a PSP >674 ng/L could discriminate between two groups at significantly different risk of ACLF. Finally, in patients who did not develop ACLF, baseline PSP was significantly higher in those who progressed toward unstable versus stable decompensated cirrhosis. CONCLUSION The Padua model 2.0 can be used to identify patients with AD at high risk of ACLF. If these results are validated by external cohorts, PSP could become a new biomarker to improve risk stratification in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zanetto
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant UnitAzienda Ospedale ‐ Università PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Filippo Pelizzaro
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant UnitAzienda Ospedale ‐ Università PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Monica Maria Mion
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePadova University HospitalPadovaItaly
| | - Marco Bucci
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant UnitAzienda Ospedale ‐ Università PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Alberto Ferrarese
- Unit of GastroenterologyBorgo Trento University Hospital of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Paolo Simioni
- General Internal Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases UnitDepartment of MedicinePadova University HospitalPadovaItaly
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePadova University HospitalPadovaItaly
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant UnitAzienda Ospedale ‐ Università PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Marco Senzolo
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant UnitAzienda Ospedale ‐ Università PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN‐Liver)Padova University HospitalPadovaItaly
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11
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Marangon D, Lecca D. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in glioma progression: insights into tumor microenvironment dynamics and therapeutic implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275755. [PMID: 38020906 PMCID: PMC10646304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and deadly types of brain tumors, known for their extensive genetic and epigenetic variability, which poses considerable challenges for pharmacological treatment. Glioma heterogeneity is also related to their intricate and dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME), which comprises a diverse array of cell types, including immune cells, vascular cells, glial cells, and neural precursors, collectively influencing tumor behavior and progression. A pivotal aspect of this intercellular communication relies on the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain and transfer complex molecular cargoes typical of their cells of origin, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, metabolites, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), that encompass microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Glioma cells actively release EVs loaded with specific ncRNAs that can target genes and other ncRNAs in recipient cells residing within the TME. Among these recipient cells, prominent players include tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs), non-neoplastic astrocytes and endothelial cells. The intricate interplay between EVs derived from glioma cells and these recipient cells significantly contributes to the establishment of a tumor-permissive microenvironment, promoting tumor cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion, by targeting various downstream pathways. This review critically examines the current understanding of the intricate interplay between glioma, exosomal ncRNAs, and various components of the glioma TME. By shedding light on the roles of ncRNAs in mediating intercellular communication, this review underscores their significance in orchestrating TME transformation and highlights their potential as novel therapeutic targets for effectively tackling glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marangon
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Modestino L, Cristinziano L, Poto R, Ventrici A, Trocchia M, Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Paparo SR, Marone G, Antonelli A, Varricchi G, Galdiero MR. Neutrophil extracellular traps and neutrophil-related mediators in human thyroid cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1167404. [PMID: 37705974 PMCID: PMC10495767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the main effector cells in inflammatory responses and play multiple roles in thyroid cancer (TC). PMNs contain and release a plethora of mediators, including granular enzymes [e.g., myeloperoxidase (MPO), pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)], and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The aim of this study was to evaluate NETs and neutrophil-derived mediators as possible biomarkers in TC patients. Methods 20 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), 26 patients with dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (De-DTC), 26 patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Serum concentrations of free DNA (dsDNA), nucleosomes, citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) and MPO-DNA complexes were evaluated as NET biomarkers. Neutrophil-related mediators such as MPO, PTX3, MMP-9, CXCL8, and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured by ELISA. Results Serum levels of all four NET biomarkers were increased in DeDTC patients compared to HCs. CitH3 serum levels were selectively increased in both DeDTC and DTC patients compared to HCs and MNG patients. MPO-DNA complexes and nucleosomes were selectively increased only in DeDTC patients compared to HCs and MNG patients. Moreover, MPO-DNA complexes were selectively increased in DeDTC patients compared to DTC patients also. MPO circulating levels were selectively increased in the DeDTC patient subgroup compared to HCs. Circulating levels of PTX3, MMP-9 and GM-CSF were increased in DTC and DeDTC patients compared to HCs. Nucleosomes positively correlated with dsDNA, CitH3, MPO and CXCL8. MPO-DNA complexes positively correlated with dsDNA, CitH3, CXCL8, MPO and nucleosome levels. Moreover, three out of the four NET biomarkers (i.e., dsDNA, nucleosomes and MPO-DNA complexes) were increased in elderly patients compared to young patients and in patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis compared to non metastatic patients. Nucleosomes were higher in males compared to females. Conclusion MPO-DNA complexes, nucleosomes and, to some extent, CitH3 levels seem to correlate with malignancy and severity of progressive TC. Moreover, serum concentrations of PMN-related mediators (MPO, PTX3, GM-CSF) were increased in TCs compared to MNG and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annagioia Ventrici
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Trocchia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rosaria Paparo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Cattabriga G, Giordani G, Gargiulo G, Cavaliere V. Effect of aminergic signaling on the humoral innate immunity response of Drosophila. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1249205. [PMID: 37693001 PMCID: PMC10483126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1249205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines are crucial signaling molecules that modulate various physiological life functions both in vertebrates and invertebrates. In humans, these neurotransmitters influence the innate and adaptive immunity systems. In this work, we analyzed whether the aminergic neurotransmission of dopamine, serotonin, and octopamine could have an impact on the humoral innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. This is a powerful model system widely used to uncover the insect innate immunity mechanisms which are also conserved in mammals. We found that the neurotransmission of all these amines positively modulates the Toll-responsive antimicrobial peptide (AMP) drosomycin (drs) gene in adult flies infected with the Micrococcus luteus bacterium. Indeed, we showed that either blocking the neurotransmission in their specific aminergic neurons by expressing shibirets (Shits) or silencing the vesicular monoamine transporter gene (dVMAT) by RNAi caused a significantly reduced expression of the Toll-responsive drs gene. However, upon M. luteus infection, the block of aminergic transmission did not alter the expression of AMP attacin genes responding to the immune deficiency (Imd) and Toll pathways. Overall, our results not only reveal a neuroimmune function for biogenic amines in humoral immunity but also further highlight the complexity of the network controlling AMP gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattabriga
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giordani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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de la Fuente AG, Pelucchi S, Mertens J, Di Luca M, Mauceri D, Marcello E. Novel therapeutic approaches to target neurodegeneration. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1651-1673. [PMID: 36965025 PMCID: PMC10952850 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is the main risk factor common to most primary neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, age-related brain alterations have been long considered to predispose to neurodegeneration. Although protein misfolding and the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates have been considered as causative events in neurodegeneration, several other biological pathways affected by brain ageing also contribute to pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the evidence showing the involvement of the mechanisms controlling neuronal structure, gene expression, autophagy, cell metabolism and neuroinflammation in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, we review the therapeutic strategies currently under development or as future approaches designed to normalize these pathways, which may then increase brain resilience to cope with toxic protein species. In addition to therapies targeting the insoluble protein aggregates specifically associated with each neurodegenerative disorder, these novel pharmacological approaches may be part of combined therapies designed to rescue brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alerie G. de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL)AlicanteSpain
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC‐UMHAlicanteSpain
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental MedicineQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Institute of Molecular BiologyLeopold‐Franzens‐Universität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Institute of Molecular BiologyLeopold‐Franzens‐Universität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Daniela Mauceri
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, University of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Department of NeurobiologyInterdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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Maglione A, Francese R, Arduino I, Rosso R, Matta M, Rolla S, Lembo D, Clerico M. Long-lasting neutralizing antibodies and T cell response after the third dose of mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205879. [PMID: 37409134 PMCID: PMC10318111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Long lasting immune response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) is still largely unexplored. Our study aimed at evaluating the persistence of the elicited amount of neutralizing antibodies (Ab), their activity and T cell response after three doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in pwMS. Methods We performed a prospective observational study in pwMS undergoing SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations. Anti-Region Binding Domain (anti-RBD) of the spike (S) protein immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were measured by ELISA. The neutralization efficacy of collected sera was measured by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirion-based neutralization assay. The frequency of Spike-specific IFNγ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was measured by stimulating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) with a pool of peptides covering the complete protein coding sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 S. Results Blood samples from 70 pwMS (11 untreated pwMS, 11 under dimethyl fumarate, 9 under interferon-γ, 6 under alemtuzumab, 8 under cladribine, 12 under fingolimod and 13 under ocrelizumab) and 24 healthy donors were collected before and up to six months after three vaccine doses. Overall, anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine elicited comparable levels of anti-RBD IgGs, neutralizing activity and anti-S T cell response both in untreated, treated pwMS and HD that last six months after vaccination. An exception was represented by ocrelizumab-treated pwMS that showed reduced levels of IgGs (p<0.0001) and a neutralizing activity under the limit of detection (p<0.001) compared to untreated pwMS. Considering the occurrence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination, the Ab neutralizing efficacy (p=0.04), as well as CD4+ (p=0.016) and CD8+ (p=0.04) S-specific T cells, increased in treated COVID+ pwMS compared to uninfected treated pwMS at 6 months after vaccination. Discussion Our follow-up provides a detailed evaluation of Ab, especially in terms of neutralizing activity, and T cell responses after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in MS context, over time, considering a wide number of therapies, and eventually breakthrough infection. Altogether, our observations highlight the vaccine response data to current protocols in pwMS and underline the necessity to carefully follow-up anti-CD20- treated patients for higher risk of breakthrough infections. Our study may provide useful information to refine future vaccination strategies in pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maglione
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Rachele Francese
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Irene Arduino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Rachele Rosso
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Manuela Matta
- San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Simona Rolla
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
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Mele M, Imbrici P, Mele A, Togo MV, Dinoi G, Correale M, Brunetti ND, Nicolotti O, De Luca A, Altomare CD, Liantonio A, Amoroso N. Short-term anti-remodeling effects of gliflozins in diabetic patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: an explainable artificial intelligence approach. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1175606. [PMID: 37361206 PMCID: PMC10289166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1175606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), gliflozins, play an emerging role for the treatment of heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF). Nevertheless, the effects of SGLT2i on ventricular remodeling and function have not been completely understood yet. Explainable artificial intelligence represents an unprecedented explorative option to clinical research in this field. Based on echocardiographic evaluations, we identified some key clinical responses to gliflozins by employing a machine learning approach. Methods: Seventy-eight consecutive diabetic outpatients followed for HFrEF were enrolled in the study. Using a random forests classification, a single subject analysis was performed to define the profile of patients treated with gliflozins. An explainability analysis using Shapley values was used to outline clinical parameters that mostly improved after gliflozin therapy and machine learning runs highlighted specific variables predictive of gliflozin response. Results: The five-fold cross-validation analyses showed that gliflozins patients can be identified with a 0.70 ± 0.03% accuracy. The most relevant parameters distinguishing gliflozins patients were Right Ventricular S'-Velocity, Left Ventricular End Systolic Diameter and E/e' ratio. In addition, low Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion values along with high Left Ventricular End Systolic Diameter and End Diastolic Volume values were associated to lower gliflozin efficacy in terms of anti-remodeling effects. Discussion: In conclusion, a machine learning analysis on a population of diabetic patients with HFrEF showed that SGLT2i treatment improved left ventricular remodeling, left ventricular diastolic and biventricular systolic function. This cardiovascular response may be predicted by routine echocardiographic parameters, with an explainable artificial intelligence approach, suggesting a lower efficacy in case of advanced stages of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mele
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- University Hospital Policlinico Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Imbrici
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Dinoi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Section of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Nardone GG, Spedicati B, Concas MP, Santin A, Morgan A, Mazzetto L, Battaglia-Parodi M, Girotto G. Identifying missing pieces in color vision defects: a genome-wide association study in Silk Road populations. Front Genet 2023; 14:1161696. [PMID: 37359372 PMCID: PMC10288324 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1161696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Color vision defects (CVDs) are conditions characterized by the alteration of normal trichromatic vision. CVDs can arise as the result of alterations in three genes (OPN1LW, OPN1MW, OPN1SW) or as a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. To date, apart from Mendelian CVDs forms, nothing is known about multifactorial CVDs forms. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and twenty individuals from Silk Road isolated communities were genotyped and phenotypically characterized for CVDs using the Farnsworth D-15 color test. The CVDs traits Deutan-Protan (DP) and Tritan (TR) were analysed. Genome Wide Association Study for both traits was performed, and results were corrected with a False Discovery Rate linkage-based approach (FDR-p). Gene expression of final candidates was investigated using a published human eye dataset, and pathway analysis was performed. Results: Concerning DP, three genes: PIWIL4 (FDR-p: 9.01*10-9), MBD2 (FDR-p: 4.97*10-8) and NTN1 (FDR-p: 4.98*10-8), stood out as promising candidates. PIWIL4 is involved in the preservation of Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (RPE) homeostasis while MBD2 and NTN1 are both involved in visual signal transmission. With regards to TR, four genes: VPS54 (FDR-p: 4.09*10-9), IQGAP (FDR-p: 6,52*10-10), NMB (FDR-p: 8.34*10-11), and MC5R (FDR-p: 2.10*10-8), were considered promising candidates. VPS54 is reported to be associated with Retinitis pigmentosa; IQGAP1 is reported to regulate choroidal vascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration; NMB is involved in RPE homeostasis regulation; MC5R is reported to regulate lacrimal gland function. Discussion: Overall, these results provide novel insights regarding a complex phenotype (i.e., CVDs) in an underrepresented population such as Silk Road isolated communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Spedicati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aurora Santin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Morgan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mazzetto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
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18
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Mocci S, Littera R, Chessa L, Campagna M, Melis M, Ottelio CM, Piras IS, Lai S, Firinu D, Tranquilli S, Mascia A, Vacca M, Schirru D, Lecca LI, Rassu S, Cannas F, Sanna C, Carta MG, Sedda F, Giuressi E, Cipri S, Miglianti M, Perra A, Giglio S. A review of the main genetic factors influencing the course of COVID-19 in Sardinia: the role of human leukocyte antigen-G. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138559. [PMID: 37342325 PMCID: PMC10277491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A large number of risk and protective factors have been identified during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic which may influence the outcome of COVID-19. Among these, recent studies have explored the role of HLA-G molecules and their immunomodulatory effects in COVID-19, but there are very few reports exploring the genetic basis of these manifestations. The present study aims to investigate how host genetic factors, including HLA-G gene polymorphisms and sHLA-G, can affect SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and Methods We compared the immune-genetic and phenotypic characteristics between COVID-19 patients (n = 381) with varying degrees of severity of the disease and 420 healthy controls from Sardinia (Italy). Results HLA-G locus analysis showed that the extended haplotype HLA-G*01:01:01:01/UTR-1 was more prevalent in both COVID-19 patients and controls. In particular, this extended haplotype was more common among patients with mild symptoms than those with severe symptoms [22.7% vs 15.7%, OR = 0.634 (95% CI 0.440 - 0.913); P = 0.016]. Furthermore, the most significant HLA-G 3'UTR polymorphism (rs371194629) shows that the HLA-G 3'UTR Del/Del genotype frequency decreases gradually from 27.6% in paucisymptomatic patients to 15.9% in patients with severe symptoms (X2 = 7.095, P = 0.029), reaching the lowest frequency (7.0%) in ICU patients (X2 = 11.257, P = 0.004). However, no significant differences were observed for the soluble HLA-G levels in patients and controls. Finally, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Sardinian population is also influenced by other genetic factors such as β-thalassemia trait (rs11549407C>T in the HBB gene), KIR2DS2/HLA-C C1+ group combination and the HLA-B*58:01, C*07:01, DRB1*03:01 haplotype which exert a protective effect [P = 0.005, P = 0.001 and P = 0.026 respectively]. Conversely, the Neanderthal LZTFL1 gene variant (rs35044562A>G) shows a detrimental consequence on the disease course [P = 0.001]. However, by using a logistic regression model, HLA-G 3'UTR Del/Del genotype was independent from the other significant variables [ORM = 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 - 0.7), PM = 6.5 x 10-4]. Conclusion Our results reveal novel genetic variants which could potentially serve as biomarkers for disease prognosis and treatment, highlighting the importance of considering genetic factors in the management of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mocci
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- AART-ODV (Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Littera
- AART-ODV (Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation), Cagliari, Italy
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luchino Chessa
- AART-ODV (Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Liver Unit, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Melis
- AART-ODV (Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla Maria Ottelio
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ignazio S. Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sara Lai
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tranquilli
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessia Mascia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monica Vacca
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniele Schirru
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Isaia Lecca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Rassu
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Cannas
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Celeste Sanna
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Sedda
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Erika Giuressi
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Selene Cipri
- GeneMos-APS (Association for Social Advancement), Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Michela Miglianti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- AART-ODV (Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation), Cagliari, Italy
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Giglio
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Centre for Research University Services (CeSAR, Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca), University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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19
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Crascì F, Cannata S, Gentile G, Gandolfo C, Pasta S. Biomechanical performance of the Bicaval Transcatheter System for the treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1179774. [PMID: 37274165 PMCID: PMC10234501 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1179774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a relatively common valvular disease, which can result from structural abnormalities of any anatomic part of the tricuspid valve. Severe TR is linked to congestive heart failure and hemodynamic impairment, resulting in high mortality when repaired by elective surgery. This study was undertaken to quantify the structural and hemodynamic performance of the novel Transcatheter Bicaval Valves System (TricValve) percutaneously implanted in the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) of two patients with severe TR and venous congestion. Methods: After developing the SVC and IVC device models, the contact pressure exerted on the vena cava wall was obtained by computational analysis. Both smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and computational fluid dynamics were carried out to quantify caval reflux in the right atrium and the pressure field of pre- and post-TricValve scenarios, respectively. Results: Analysis of contact pressure highlighted the main anchoring area of the SVC device occurring near the SVC device belly, while the IVC device exerted pronounced forces in the device's proximal and distal parts. SPH-related flow velocities revealed the absence of caval reflux, and a decrease in time-averaged pressure was observed near the SVC and IVC after TricValve implantation. Discussion: Findings demonstrated the potential of computational tools for enhancing our understanding of the biomechanical performance of structural tricuspid valve interventions and improving the way we design next-generation transcatheter therapies to treat the tricuspid valve with heterotopic caval valve implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Crascì
- Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Research, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Cannata
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gentile
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Gandolfo
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pasta
- Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Research, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
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20
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Elshazly N, Saad MM, El Backly RM, Hamdy A, Patruno M, Nouh S, Saha S, Chakraborty J, Marei MK. Nanoscale borosilicate bioactive glass for regenerative therapy of full-thickness skin defects in rabbit animal model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1036125. [PMID: 37274157 PMCID: PMC10233017 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1036125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive glass (BG) occupies a significant position in the field of hard and soft tissue regeneration. Different processing techniques and formulas have been introduced to expand their regenerative, angiogenic, and antibacterial properties. In the present study, a new formula of bborosilicate bioactive glass nanofibers was prepared and tested for its wound-healing efficacy in a rabbit animal model. The glass formula ((1-2) mol% of B2O3 (68-69) mol% of SiO2, and (29-30) mol% of CaO) was prepared primarily by the sol-gel technique followed by the electrospinning technique. The material was characterized for its ultrastructure using scanning electron microscopy, chemical composition using FTIR, and its dynamic in vitro biodegradability using ICP-AES. Twelve rabbits were subjected to surgical induction of full-thickness skin defects using a 1 cm2 custom-made stainlessteel skin punch. The bioactive glass nanofibers were used as a grafting material in 6 experimental rabbits, while the defects in the remaining rabbits were considered as the negative control samples. All defects were assessed clinically for the decrease in wound size and clinical signs of healing and histologically for angiogenesis, collagen density, inflammatory response, cell recruitment, epithelial lining, and appendages at 1,2 and 3 weeks following the intervention. Structural analysis of the glass fibers confirmed their nano-size which ranged from 150 to 700 nm. Moreover, the chemical analysis confirmed the presence of SiO2 and B2O3 groups within the structure of the nanofibers. Additionally, dynamic biodegradation analysis confirmed the rapid degradation of the material starting from the first 24 h and rapid leaching of calcium, silicon, and boron ions confirming its bioactivity. The wound healing study of the nanofibrous scaffold confirmed its ability to accelerate wound healing and the closure rate in healthy rabbits. Histological analysis of the defects confirmed the angiogenic, regenerative and antibacterial ability of the material throughout the study period. The results unveil the powerful therapeutic properties of the formed nanofibers and open a new gate for more experimental and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Elshazly
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Manal M. Saad
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania M. El Backly
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayat Hamdy
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Samir Nouh
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Suman Saha
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, Central Glass and Ceramics Research Institutes, Kolkata, India
| | - Jui Chakraborty
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, Central Glass and Ceramics Research Institutes, Kolkata, India
| | - Mona K. Marei
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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21
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Manca A, Fiorito G, Morrone M, Boi A, Mercante B, Martinez G, Ventura L, Delitala AP, Cano A, Catte MG, Solinas G, Melis F, Ginatempo F, Deriu F. A novel estimate of biological aging by multiple fitness tests is associated with risk scores for age-related diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1164943. [PMID: 37228822 PMCID: PMC10203437 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1164943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent research highlights the need for a correct instrument for monitoring the individual health status, especially in the elderly. Different definitions of biological aging have been proposed, with a consistent positive association of physical activity and physical fitness with decelerated aging trajectories. The six-minute walking test is considered the current gold standard for estimating the individual fitness status in the elderly. Methods: In this study, we investigated the possibility of overcoming the main limitations of assessing fitness status based on a single measure. As a result, we developed a novel measure of fitness status based on multiple fitness tests. In 176 Sardinian individuals aged 51-80 years we collected the results of eight fitness tests to measure participants' functional mobility, gait, aerobic condition, endurance, upper and lower limb strength, and static and dynamic balance. In addition, the participants' state of health was estimated through validated risk scores for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, mortality, and a comorbidity index. Results: Six measures contributing to fitness age were extracted, with TUG showing the largest contribution (beta = 2.23 SDs), followed by handgrip strength (beta = -1.98 SDs) and 6MWT distance (beta = -1.11 SDs). Based on fitness age estimates, we developed a biological aging measure using an elastic net model regression as a linear combination of the results of the fitness tests described above. Our newly developed biomarker was significantly associated with risk scores for cardiovascular events (ACC-AHA: r = 0.61; p = 0.0006; MESA: r = 0.21; p = 0.002) and mortality (Levine mortality score: r = 0.90; p = 0.0002) and outperformed the previous definition of fitness status based on the six-minute walking test in predicting an individual health status. Discussion: Our results indicate that a composite measure of biological age based on multiple fitness tests may be helpful for screening and monitoring strategies in clinical practice. However, additional studies are needed to test standardisation and to calibrate and validate the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G. Fiorito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M. Morrone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A. Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - B. Mercante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G. Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - L. Ventura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A. P. Delitala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A. Cano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M. G. Catte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G. Solinas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - F. Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - F. Ginatempo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - F. Deriu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders, AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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22
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Perozeni F, Pivato M, Angelini M, Maricchiolo E, Pompa A, Ballottari M. Towards microalga-based superfoods: heterologous expression of zeolin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1184064. [PMID: 37229116 PMCID: PMC10203602 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1184064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms that can be grown in artificial systems to capture CO2, release oxygen, use nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich wastes, and produce biomass and bioproducts of interest including edible biomass for space exploration. In the present study, we report a metabolic engineering strategy for the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to produce high-value proteins for nutritional purposes. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a species approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human consumption, and its consumption has been reported to improve gastrointestinal health in both murine models and humans. By utilizing the biotechnological tools available for this green alga, we introduced a synthetic gene encoding a chimeric protein, zeolin, obtained by merging the γ-zein and phaseolin proteins, in the algal genome. Zein and phaseolin are major seed storage proteins of maize (Zea mays) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and storage vacuoles, respectively. Seed storage proteins have unbalanced amino acid content, and for this reason, need to be complemented with each other in the diet. The chimeric recombinant zeolin protein represents an amino acid storage strategy with a balanced amino acid profile. Zeolin protein was thus efficiently expressed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; thus, we obtained strains that accumulate this recombinant protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, reaching a concentration up to 5.5 fg cell-1, or secrete it in the growth medium, with a titer value up to 82 µg/L, enabling the production of microalga-based super-food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Perozeni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Pivato
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Margherita Angelini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Maricchiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
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23
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Mannarino MR, Bianconi V, Scalisi G, Franceschini L, Manni G, Cucci A, Bagaglia F, Mencarelli G, Giglioni F, Ricciuti D, Figorilli F, Pieroni B, Cosentini E, Padiglioni E, Colangelo C, Fuchs D, Puccetti P, Follenzi A, Pirro M, Gargaro M, Fallarino F. A tryptophan metabolite prevents depletion of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in systemic low-grade inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:964660. [PMID: 37081894 PMCID: PMC10110845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.964660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChronic systemic inflammation reduces the bioavailability of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a key enzyme of immune tolerance catalyzing the initial step of tryptophan degradation along the so-called l-kynurenine (l-kyn) pathway, that is induced by inflammatory stimuli and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. A specific relationship between IDO1 activity and circulating EPC numbers has not yet been investigated.MethodsIn this study, circulating EPCs were examined in mice treated with low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, the association between IDO1 activity and circulating EPCs was studied in a cohort of 277 patients with variable systemic low-grade inflammation.ResultsRepeated low doses of LPS caused a decrease in circulating EPCs and l-kyn supplementation, mimicking IDO1 activation, significantly increased EPC numbers under homeostatic conditions preventing EPC decline in low-grade endotoxemia. Accordingly, in patients with variable systemic low-grade inflammation, there was a significant interaction between IDO1 activity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in predicting circulating EPCs, with high hs-CRP associated with significantly lower EPCs at low IDO1 activity but not at high IDO1 activity.InterpretationOverall, these findings demonstrate that systemic low-grade inflammation reduces circulating EPCs. However, high IDO1 activity and l-kyn supplementation limit circulating EPC loss in low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Bianconi, ; Marco Gargaro, ; Francesca Fallarino,
| | - Giulia Scalisi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Franceschini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Manni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessia Cucci
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagaglia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mencarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Giglioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Doriana Ricciuti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filippo Figorilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pieroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Cosentini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Colangelo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Bianconi, ; Marco Gargaro, ; Francesca Fallarino,
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Bianconi, ; Marco Gargaro, ; Francesca Fallarino,
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Privitera A, Cardaci V, Weerasekara D, Saab MW, Diolosà L, Fidilio A, Jolivet RB, Lazzarino G, Amorini AM, Camarda M, Lunte SM, Caraci F, Caruso G. Microfluidic/HPLC combination to study carnosine protective activity on challenged human microglia: Focus on oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1161794. [PMID: 37063279 PMCID: PMC10095171 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1161794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring endogenous peptide widely distributed in excitable tissues such as the brain. This dipeptide possesses well-demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregation properties, and it may be useful for treatment of pathologies characterized by oxidative stress and energy unbalance such as depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia, the brain-resident macrophages, are involved in different physiological brain activities such synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, but their dysregulation has been linked to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. In AD brain, the activation of microglia towards a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory phenotype has found in an early phase of cognitive decline, reason why new pharmacological targets related to microglia activation are of great importance to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. In particular, microglia represent a common model of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced activation to identify novel pharmacological targets for depression and AD and numerous studies have linked the impairment of energy metabolism, including ATP dyshomeostasis, to the onset of depressive episodes. In the present study, we first investigated the toxic potential of LPS + ATP in the absence or presence of carnosine. Our studies were carried out on human microglia (HMC3 cell line) in which LPS + ATP combination has shown the ability to promote cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Additionally, to shed more light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of carnosine, its ability to modulate reactive oxygen species production and the variation of parameters representative of cellular energy metabolism was evaluated by microchip electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. In our experimental conditions, carnosine prevented LPS + ATP-induced cell death and oxidative stress, also completely restoring basal energy metabolism in human HMC3 microglia. Our results suggest a therapeutic potential of carnosine as a new pharmacological tool in the context of multifactorial disorders characterize by neuroinflammatory phenomena including depression and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Privitera
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardaci
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dhanushka Weerasekara
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Miriam Wissam Saab
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lidia Diolosà
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Renaud Blaise Jolivet
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Susan Marie Lunte
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
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Strejčková B, Mazzucotelli E, Čegan R, Milec Z, Brus J, Çakır E, Mastrangelo AM, Özkan H, Šafář J. Wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of modern bread wheat, exhibits great diversity in the VERNALIZATION1 gene. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1106164. [PMID: 36684759 PMCID: PMC9853909 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1106164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wild emmer wheat is an excellent reservoir of genetic variability that can be utilized to improve cultivated wheat to address the challenges of the expanding world population and climate change. Bearing this in mind, we have collected a panel of 263 wild emmer wheat (WEW) genotypes across the Fertile Crescent. The genotypes were grown in different locations and phenotyped for heading date. Genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) was carried out, and 16 SNPs were associated with the heading date. As the flowering time is controlled by photoperiod and vernalization, we sequenced the VRN1 gene, the most important of the vernalization response genes, to discover new alleles. Unlike most earlier attempts, which characterized known VRN1 alleles according to a partial promoter or intron sequences, we obtained full-length sequences of VRN-A1 and VRN-B1 genes in a panel of 95 wild emmer wheat from the Fertile Crescent and uncovered a significant sequence variation. Phylogenetic analysis of VRN-A1 and VRN-B1 haplotypes revealed their evolutionary relationships and geographic distribution in the Fertile Crescent region. The newly described alleles represent an attractive resource for durum and bread wheat improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Strejčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics via San Protaso 302, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Radim Čegan
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, ;Czechia
| | - Zbyněk Milec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Brus
- Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Esra Çakır
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Foggia, Italy
| | - Hakan Özkan
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Jan Šafář
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
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Verdelli C, Tavanti GS, Forno I, Vaira V, Maggiore R, Vicentini L, Dalino Ciaramella P, Perticone F, Lombardi G, Corbetta S. Osteocalcin modulates parathyroid cell function in human parathyroid tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1129930. [PMID: 37065733 PMCID: PMC10098338 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1129930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bone matrix protein osteocalcin (OC), secreted by osteoblasts, displays endocrine effects. We tested the hypothesis that OC modulates parathyroid tumor cell function. METHODS Primary cell cultures derived from parathyroid adenomas (PAds) and HEK293 cells transiently transfected with the putative OC receptor GPRC6A or the calcium sensing receptor (CASR) were used as experimental models to investigate γ-carboxylated OC (GlaOC) or uncarboxylated OC (GluOC) modulation of intracellular signaling. RESULTS In primary cell cultures derived from PAds, incubation with GlaOC or GluOC modulated intracellular signaling, inhibiting pERK/ERK and increasing active β-catenin levels. GlaOC increased the expression of PTH, CCND1 and CASR, and reduced CDKN1B/p27 and TP73. GluOC stimulated transcription of PTH, and inhibited MEN1 expression. Moreover, GlaOC and GluOC reduced staurosporin-induced caspase 3/7 activity. The putative OC receptor GPRC6A was detected in normal and tumor parathyroids at membrane or cytoplasmic level in cells scattered throughout the parenchyma. In PAds, the membrane expression levels of GPRC6A and its closest homolog CASR positively correlated; GPRC6A protein levels positively correlated with circulating ionized and total calcium, and PTH levels of the patients harboring the analyzed PAds. Using HEK293A transiently transfected with either GPRC6A or CASR, and PAds-derived cells silenced for CASR, we showed that GlaOC and GluOC modulated pERK/ERK and active β-catenin mainly through CASR activation. CONCLUSION Parathyroid gland emerges as a novel target of the bone secreted hormone osteocalcin, which may modulate tumor parathyroid CASR sensitivity and parathyroid cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Verdelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Stefania Tavanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Forno
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca` Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca` Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strenght and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sabrina Corbetta
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sabrina Corbetta,
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Cipolletti M, Leone S, Bartoloni S, Acconcia F. A functional genetic screen for metabolic proteins unveils GART and the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway as novel targets for the treatment of luminal A ERα expressing primary and metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1129162. [PMID: 37143728 PMCID: PMC10151738 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1129162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor cell metabolism is a new frontier in cancer management. Thus, metabolic pathway inhibitors could be used as anti-estrogen receptor α (ERα) breast cancer (BC) drugs. Here, the interplay among metabolic enzyme(s), the ERα levels and cell proliferation was studied. siRNA-based screen directed against different metabolic proteins in MCF10a, MCF-7 and MCF-7 cells genetically resistant to endocrine therapy (ET) drugs and metabolomic analyses in numerous BC cell lines unveil that the inhibition of GART, a key enzyme in the purine de novo biosynthetic pathway, induces ERα degradation and prevent BC cell proliferation. We report here that a reduced GART expression correlates with a longer relapse-free-survival (RFS) in women with ERα-positive BCs. ERα-expressing luminal A invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) are sensitive to GART inhibition and GART expression is increased in receptor-positive IDCs of high grade and stage and plays a role in the development of ET resistance. Accordingly, GART inhibition reduces ERα stability and cell proliferation in IDC luminal A cells where it deregulates 17β-estradiol (E2):ERα signaling to cell proliferation. Moreover, the GART inhibitor lometrexol (LMX) and drugs approved for clinical treatment of primary and metastatic BC (4OH-tamoxifen and the CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors) exert synergic antiproliferative effects in BC cells. In conclusion, GART inhibition by LMX or other inhibitors of the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway could be a novel effective strategy for the treatment of primary and metastatic BCs.
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Staderini T, Bigi A, Mongiello D, Cecchi C, Chiti F. Biophysical characterization of full-length TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) phase separation. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4509. [PMID: 36371546 PMCID: PMC9703588 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions are associated with deposition of cytosolic inclusion bodies of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in brain and motor neurons. We induced phase separation of purified full-length TDP-43 devoid of large tags using a solution-jump method, and monitored it with an array of biophysical techniques. The tetramethylrhodamine-5-maleimide- or Alexa488-labeled protein formed rapidly (<1 min) apparently round, homogeneous and 0.5-1.0 μm wide assemblies, when imaged using confocal fluorescence, bright-field, and stimulated emission depletion microscopy. The assemblies, however, had limited internal diffusion, as assessed with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and did not coalesce, but rather clustered into irregular bunches, unlike those formed by the C-terminal domain. They were enriched with α-helical structure, with minor contributions of β-sheet/random structure, had a red-shifted tryptophan fluorescence and did not bind thioflavin T. By monitoring with turbidimetry both the formation of the spherical species and their further clustering under different experimental conditions, we carried out a multiparametric analysis of the two phenomena. In particular, both processes were found to be promoted by high protein concentrations, salts, crowding agents, weakly by reducing agents, as the pH approached a value of 6.0 from either side (corresponding to the TDP-43 isoionic point), and as the temperature approached a value of 31°C from either side. Important differences were found with respect to the TDP-43 C-terminal domain. Our multiparametric results also provide explanations to some of the solubility data obtained on full-length TDP-43 that were difficult to explain following the multiparametric analysis acquired on the C-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Staderini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Daniele Mongiello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
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Damizia M, Altieri L, Lavia P. Non-transport roles of nuclear import receptors: In need of the right balance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1041938. [PMID: 36438555 PMCID: PMC9686011 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1041938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear import receptors ensure the recognition and transport of proteins across the nuclear envelope into the nucleus. In addition, as diverse processes as mitosis, post-translational modifications at mitotic exit, ciliogenesis, and phase separation, all share a common need for regulation by nuclear import receptors - particularly importin beta-1 and importin beta-2/transportin - independent on nuclear import. In particular, 1) nuclear import receptors regulate the mitotic spindle after nuclear envelope breakdown, 2) they shield cargoes from unscheduled ubiquitination, regulating their timely proteolysis; 3) they regulate ciliary factors, crucial to cell communications and tissue architecture during development; and 4) they prevent phase separation of toxic proteins aggregates in neurons. The balance of nuclear import receptors to cargoes is critical in all these processes, albeit in opposite directions: overexpression of import receptors, as often found in cancer, inhibits cargoes and impairs downstream processes, motivating the therapeutic design of specific inhibitors. On the contrary, elevated expression is beneficial in neuronal contexts, where nuclear import receptors are regarded as potential therapeutic tools in counteracting the formation of aggregates that may cause neurodegeneration. This paradox demonstrates the amplitude of nuclear import receptors-dependent functions in different contexts and adds complexity in considering their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Damizia
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrated Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Ludovica Altieri
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Caporali L, Fiorini C, Palombo F, Romagnoli M, Baccari F, Zenesini C, Visconti P, Posar A, Scaduto MC, Ormanbekova D, Battaglia A, Tancredi R, Cameli C, Viggiano M, Olivieri A, Torroni A, Maestrini E, Rochat MJ, Bacchelli E, Carelli V, Maresca A. Dissecting the multifaceted contribution of the mitochondrial genome to autism spectrum disorder. Front Genet 2022; 13:953762. [PMID: 36419830 PMCID: PMC9676943 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.953762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a clinically heterogeneous class of neurodevelopmental conditions with a strong, albeit complex, genetic basis. The genetic architecture of ASD includes different genetic models, from monogenic transmission at one end, to polygenic risk given by thousands of common variants with small effects at the other end. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was also proposed as a genetic modifier for ASD, mostly focusing on maternal mtDNA, since the paternal mitogenome is not transmitted to offspring. We extensively studied the potential contribution of mtDNA in ASD pathogenesis and risk through deep next generation sequencing and quantitative PCR in a cohort of 98 families. While the maternally-inherited mtDNA did not seem to predispose to ASD, neither for haplogroups nor for the presence of pathogenic mutations, an unexpected influence of paternal mtDNA, apparently centered on haplogroup U, came from the Italian families extrapolated from the test cohort (n = 74) when compared to the control population. However, this result was not replicated in an independent Italian cohort of 127 families and it is likely due to the elevated paternal age at time of conception. In addition, ASD probands showed a reduced mtDNA content when compared to their unaffected siblings. Multivariable regression analyses indicated that variants with 15%-5% heteroplasmy in probands are associated to a greater severity of ASD based on ADOS-2 criteria, whereas paternal super-haplogroups H and JT were associated with milder phenotypes. In conclusion, our results suggest that the mtDNA impacts on ASD, significantly modifying the phenotypic expression in the Italian population. The unexpected finding of protection induced by paternal mitogenome in term of severity may derive from a role of mtDNA in influencing the accumulation of nuclear de novo mutations or epigenetic alterations in fathers' germinal cells, affecting the neurodevelopment in the offspring. This result remains preliminary and needs further confirmation in independent cohorts of larger size. If confirmed, it potentially opens a different perspective on how paternal non-inherited mtDNA may predispose or modulate other complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Palombo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Romagnoli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Baccari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOSI Epidemiologia e Statistica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOSI Epidemiologia e Statistica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Visconti
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOSI Disturbi dello Spettro Autistico, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annio Posar
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOSI Disturbi dello Spettro Autistico, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Scaduto
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOSI Disturbi dello Spettro Autistico, Bologna, Italy
| | - Danara Ormanbekova
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cameli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Viggiano
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Magali Jane Rochat
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Diagnostica Funzionale Neuroradiologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maresca
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
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Mercatali L, Vanni S, Miserocchi G, Liverani C, Spadazzi C, Cocchi C, Calabrese C, Gurrieri L, Fausti V, Riva N, Genovese D, Lucarelli E, Focarete ML, Ibrahim T, Calabrò L, De Vita A. The emerging role of cancer nanotechnology in the panorama of sarcoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:953555. [PMID: 36324885 PMCID: PMC9618700 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.953555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of nanomedicine a multitude of nanovectors have been developed for cancer application. In this regard, a less exploited target is represented by connective tissue. Sarcoma lesions encompass a wide range of rare entities of mesenchymal origin affecting connective tissues. The extraordinary diversity and rarity of these mesenchymal tumors is reflected in their classification, grading and management which are still challenging. Although they include more than 70 histologic subtypes, the first line-treatment for advanced and metastatic sarcoma has remained unchanged in the last fifty years, excluding specific histotypes in which targeted therapy has emerged. The role of chemotherapy has not been completely elucidated and the outcomes are still very limited. At the beginning of the century, nano-sized particles clinically approved for other solid lesions were tested in these neoplasms but the results were anecdotal and the clinical benefit was not substantial. Recently, a new nanosystem formulation NBTXR3 for the treatment of sarcoma has landed in a phase 2-3 trial. The preliminary results are encouraging and could open new avenues for research in nanotechnology. This review provides an update on the recent advancements in the field of nanomedicine for sarcoma. In this regard, preclinical evidence especially focusing on the development of smart materials and drug delivery systems will be summarized. Moreover, the sarcoma patient management exploiting nanotechnology products will be summed up. Finally, an overlook on future perspectives will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Silvia Vanni
- Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudia Cocchi
- Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Calabrese
- Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Lorena Gurrieri
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Fausti
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Nada Riva
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Damiano Genovese
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoncologia, Sarcomi dell’osso e dei tessuti molli, e Terapie Innovative, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncologia, Sarcomi dell’osso e dei tessuti molli, e Terapie Innovative, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luana Calabrò
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro De Vita,
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Retini M, Bartolucci S, Bartoccini F, Piersanti G. Asymmetric Alkylation of Cyclic Ketones with Dehydroalanine via H-Bond-Directing Enamine Catalysis: Straightforward Access to Enantiopure Unnatural α-Amino Acids. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201994. [PMID: 35916657 PMCID: PMC9805190 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The growing importance of structurally diverse and functionalized enantiomerically pure unnatural amino acids in the design of drugs, including peptides, has stimulated the development of new synthetic methods. This study reports the challenging direct asymmetric alkylation of cyclic ketones with dehydroalanine derivatives via a conjugate addition reaction for the synthesis of enantiopure ketone-based α-unnatural amino acids. The key to success was the design of a bifunctional primary amine-thiourea catalyst that combines H-bond-directing activation and enamine catalysis. The simultaneous dual activation of the two relatively unreactive partners, confirmed by mass spectrometry studies, results in high reactivity while securing high levels of stereocontrol. A broad substrate scope is accompanied by versatile downstream chemical modifications. The mild reaction conditions and consistently excellent enantioselectivities (>95 % ee in most cases) render this protocol highly practical for the rapid construction of valuable noncanonical enantiopure α-amino-acid building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoPUItaly
| | - Silvia Bartolucci
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoPUItaly
| | - Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoPUItaly
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoPUItaly
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Gelzo M, Castaldo A, Giannattasio A, Scalia G, Raia M, Esposito MV, Maglione M, Muzzica S, D’Anna C, Grieco M, Tipo V, La Cava A, Castaldo G. MIS-C: A COVID-19-as sociated condition between hypoimmunity and hyperimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985433. [PMID: 36263058 PMCID: PMC9574022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare, severe complication of COVID-19. A better knowledge of immunological, cellular, and genetic characteristics of MIS-C could help better understand the pathogenesis of the disease and contribute to identifying specific diagnostic biomarkers and develop targeted therapies. We studied 37 MIS-C children at hospital admission and 24 healthy controls analyzing serum cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-12p70 and TNF), lymphocyte populations by flow cytometry and 386 genes related to autoimmune diseases, autoinflammation and primary immunodeficiencies by NGS. MIS-C patients showed a significant increase of serum IFNγ (despite a significant reduction of activated Th1) and ILs, even if with a great heterogeneity among patients, revealing different pathways involved in MIS-C pathogenesis and suggesting that serum cytokines at admission may help to select the inflammatory pathways to target in each patient. Flow cytometry demonstrated a relevant reduction of T populations while the percentage of B cell was increased in agreement with an autoimmune pathogenesis of MIS-C. Genetic analysis identified variants in 34 genes and 83.3% of patients had at least one gene variant. Among these, 9 were mutated in more patients. Most genes are related to autoimmune diseases like ATM, NCF1, MCM4, FCN3, and DOCK8 or to autoinflammatory diseases associated to the release of IFNγ like PRF1, NOD2, and MEF. Thus, an incomplete clearance of the Sars-CoV2 during the acute phase may induce tissue damage and self-antigen exposure and genetic variants can predispose to hyper-reactive immune dysregulation events of MIS-C-syndrome. Type II IFN activation and cytokine responses (mainly IL-6 and IL-10) may cause a cytokine storm in some patients with a more severe acute phase of the disease, lymphopenia and multisystemic organ involvement. The timely identification of such patients with an immunocytometric panel might be critical for targeted therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gelzo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Castaldo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Sezione di Pediatria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Giannattasio
- Pediatric Emergency and Short Stay Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Maglione
- Pediatric Emergency and Short Stay Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Muzzica
- Pediatric Emergency and Short Stay Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina D’Anna
- Pediatric Emergency and Short Stay Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Grieco
- Pediatric Emergency and Short Stay Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tipo
- Pediatric Emergency and Short Stay Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giuseppe Castaldo,
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Falconieri GS, Bertini L, Bizzarri E, Proietti S, Caruso C. Plant defense: ARR11 response regulator as a potential player in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:995178. [PMID: 36212312 PMCID: PMC9533103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and response to environmental cues are largely driven by hormones. Salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defenses have been shown to be effective against different types of attackers. SA-mediated defense is mainly effective against biotrophic pathogens and phloem-feeding insects, whereas JA-mediated defense is effective against necrotrophic pathogens and tissue-damaging insects. Cytokinins (CKs) are classic growth hormones that have also emerged as plant immunity modulators. Evidence pointed out that CKs contribute to the defense responses mediated by SA and JA, acting as hormone modulators of the SA/JA signaling backbone. Recently, we identified in Arabidopsis a type-B response regulator 11 (ARR 11) involved in cytokinin-mediated responses as a novel regulator of the SA/JA cross-talk. Here we investigated plant fitness and resistance against the fungal necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis wild-type Col-8 and defective arr11 mutant following SA, JA, CK single or combined treatment. Our results demonstrated that the CK and SA/JA/CK combination has a positive outcome on plant fitness in both Arabidopsis Col-8 and arr11 mutant,. The triple hormone treatment is efficient in increasing resistance to B. cinerea in Col-8 and this effect is stronger in arr11 mutant. The results will provide not only new background knowledge, corroborating the role of ARR11 in plant-defense related processes, but also new potential opportunities for alternative ways of protecting plants from fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carla Caruso
- *Correspondence: Silvia Proietti, ; Carla Caruso,
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35
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Bini M, Brancolini G, Tozzini V. Aggregation behavior of nanoparticles: Revisiting the phase diagram of colloids. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:986223. [PMID: 36200074 PMCID: PMC9527328 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.986223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface functionalization of metal nanoparticles (NPs), e.g., using peptides and proteins, has recently attracted a considerable attention in the field of design of therapeutics and diagnostics. The possibility of diverse functionalization allows them to selectively interact with proteins, while the metal core ensures solubility, making them tunable therapeutic agents against diseases due to mis-folding or aggregation. On the other hand, their action is limited by possible self-aggregation, which could be, however, prevented based on the full understanding of their phase diagram as a function of the environmental variables (temperature, ionic strength of the solution, concentration) and intrinsic characteristics (size, charge, amount, and type of functional groups). A common modeling strategy to study the phase behavior is to represent the NPs as spheres interacting via effective potentials implicitly accounting for the solvation effects. Their size put the NPs into the class of colloids, albeit with particularly complex interactions including both attractive and repulsive features, and a consequently complex phase diagram. In this work, we review the studies exploring the phases of these systems starting from those with only attractive or repulsive interactions, displaying a simpler disperse-clustered-aggregated transitions. The phase diagram is here interpreted focusing on the universal aspects, i.e., those dependent on the general feature of the potentials, and available data are organized in a parametric phase diagram. We then consider the potentials with competing attractive short range well and average-long-range repulsive tail, better representing the NPs. Through the proper combination of the attractive only and repulsive only potentials, we are able to interpret the appearance of novel phases, characterized by aggregates with different structural characteristics. We identify the essential parameters that stabilize the disperse phase potentially useful to optimize NP therapeutic activity and indicate how to tune the phase behavior by changing environmental conditions or the NP chemical–physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgia Brancolini
- Istituto Nanoscienze—CNR, Center S3, Modena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giorgia Brancolini,
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36
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Ceccarelli S, Gerini G, Megiorni F, Pontecorvi P, Messina E, Camero S, Anastasiadou E, Romano E, Onesti MG, Napoli C, Marchese C. Inhibiting DNA methylation as a strategy to enhance adipose-derived stem cells differentiation: Focus on the role of Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways on adipogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:926180. [PMID: 36120582 PMCID: PMC9478209 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.926180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) represent a valid therapeutic option for clinical application in several diseases, due to their ability to repair damaged tissues and to mitigate the inflammatory/immune response. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms regulating ASC biology might represent the chance to modulate their in vitro characteristics and differentiation potential for regenerative medicine purposes. Herein, we investigated the effects of the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-aza) on proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, adipogenic differentiation and senescence of ASCs, to identify the molecular pathways involved. Through functional assays, we observed a detrimental effect of 5-aza on ASC self-renewal capacity and migration, accompanied by actin cytoskeleton reorganization, with decreased stress fibers. Conversely, 5-aza treatment enhanced ASC adipogenic differentiation, as assessed by lipid accumulation and expression of lineage-specific markers. We analyzed the involvement of the Akt/mTOR, MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in these processes. Our results indicated impairment of Akt and ERK phosphorylation, potentially explaining the reduced cell proliferation and migration. We observed a 5-aza-mediated inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway, this potentially explaining the pro-adipogenic effect of the drug. Finally, 5-aza treatment significantly induced ASC senescence, through upregulation of the p53/p21 axis. Our data may have important translational implications, by helping in clarifying the potential risks and advantages of using epigenetic treatment to improve ASC characteristics for cell-based clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: S. Ceccarelli ,
| | - G. Gerini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P. Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Camero
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Romano
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M. G. Onesti
- Department of Surgery “P. Valdoni”, Unit of Plastic Surgery “P. Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - C. Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Fahmideh F, Marchesi N, Campagnoli LIM, Landini L, Caramella C, Barbieri A, Govoni S, Pascale A. Effect of troxerutin in counteracting hyperglycemia-induced VEGF upregulation in endothelial cells: a new option to target early stages of diabetic retinopathy? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:951833. [PMID: 36046820 PMCID: PMC9420903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.951833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by degeneration of retinal neurons and neoangiogenesis. Until today, the pharmacological approaches for DR are limited and focused on counteracting the end-stage of this neurodegenerative disease, therefore efforts should be carried out to discover novel pharmacological targets useful to prevent DR development. Hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and vascular complication, which subsequently may trigger neurodegeneration. We previously demonstrated that, in the rat retina, hyperglycemia activates a new molecular cascade implicating, up-stream, protein kinase C βII (PKC βII), which in turn leads to a higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), via the mRNA-binding Hu-antigen R (HuR) protein. VEGF is a pivotal mediator of neovascularization and a well-known vasopermeability factor. Blocking the increase of VEGF via modulation of this cascade can thus represent a new pharmacological option to prevent DR progression. To this aim, proper in vitro models are crucial for drug discovery, as they allow to better identify promising effective molecules. Considering that endothelial cells are key elements in DR and that hyperglycemia triggers the PKCβII/HuR/VEGF pathway, we set up two distinct in vitro models applying two different stimuli. Namely, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which mimics diacylglycerol whose synthesis is triggered by diabetic hyperglycemia, while human retinal endothelial cells were treated with high glucose for different times. After selecting the optimal experimental conditions able to determine an increased VEGF production, in search of molecules useful to prevent DR development, we investigated the capability of troxerutin, an antioxidant flavonoid, to counteract not only the rise of VEGF but also the activation of the PKCβII/HuR cascade in both in vitro models. The results show the capability of troxerutin to hinder the hyperglycemia-induced increase in VEGF in both models through PKCβII/HuR pathway modulation. Further, these data confirm the key engagement of this cascade as an early event triggered by hyperglycemia to promote VEGF expression. Finally, the present findings also suggest the potential use of troxerutin as a preventive treatment during the early phases of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Fahmideh
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - N. Marchesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: N. Marchesi, ; A. Pascale,
| | - L. I. M. Campagnoli
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L. Landini
- Bausch & Lomb—Iom S.p.A, Vimodrone (Milan), Italy
| | - C. Caramella
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Barbieri
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - S. Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: N. Marchesi, ; A. Pascale,
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Kosta A, Mekhloufi A, Lucantonio L, Zingoni A, Soriani A, Cippitelli M, Gismondi A, Fazio F, Petrucci MT, Santoni A, Stabile H, Fionda C. GAS6/TAM signaling pathway controls MICA expression in multiple myeloma cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942640. [PMID: 35967396 PMCID: PMC9368199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NKG2D ligands play a relevant role in Natural Killer (NK) cell -mediated immune surveillance of multiple myeloma (MM). Different levels of regulation control the expression of these molecules at cell surface. A number of oncogenic proteins and miRNAs act as negative regulators of NKG2D ligand transcription and translation, but the molecular mechanisms sustaining their basal expression in MM cells remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the role of the growth arrest specific 6 (GAS6)/TAM signaling pathway in the regulation of NKG2D ligand expression and MM recognition by NK cells. Our data showed that GAS6 as well as MERTK and AXL depletion in MM cells results in MICA downregulation and inhibition of NKG2D-mediated NK cell degranulation. Noteworthy, GAS6 derived from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) also increases MICA expression at both protein and mRNA level in human MM cell lines and in primary malignant plasma cells. NF-kB activation is required for these regulatory mechanisms since deletion of a site responsive for this transcription factor compromises the induction of mica promoter by BMSCs. Accordingly, knockdown of GAS6 reduces the capability of BMSCs to activate NF-kB pathway as well as to enhance MICA expression in MM cells. Taken together, these results shed light on molecular mechanism underlying NKG2D ligand regulation and identify GAS6 protein as a novel autocrine and paracrine regulator of basal expression of MICA in human MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kosta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Abdelilah Mekhloufi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lorenzo Lucantonio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fazio
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine and Precision, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine and Precision, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cinzia Fionda, ; Helena Stabile,
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cinzia Fionda, ; Helena Stabile,
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Veltri G, Lovisa F, Cortese G, Pillon M, Carraro E, Cesaro S, Provenzi M, Buffardi S, Francescato S, Biffi A, Buldini B, Conter V, Serafin V, Mussolin L. Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals a Different Proteomic Profile in Pediatric Patients With T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma or T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:913487. [PMID: 35875136 PMCID: PMC9304622 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.913487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) and lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) arise from the transformation of precursor T-cells sharing common morphological and immunophenotypic features. Despite this, T-LBL and T-ALL show different genomic/transcriptomic profiles and whether they represent two distinct disease entities or variant manifestations of the same disease is still a matter of debate. In this work, we performed a Reverse Phase Protein Array study on T-LBL and T-ALL samples and demonstrated that they are characterized by a different phosphoproteomic profile. Indeed, T-LBLs showed the hyperactivation of FAK/ERK1/2 and AKT/mTOR pathways, whereas JAK/STAT pathway was significantly hyperphosphorylated in T-ALLs. Moreover, since the only criteria for discriminating T-LBL from T-ALL is blasts’ infiltration below 25% in the bone marrow and lymphoma patients can present with a percentage of blasts close to this cut-off, a biomarker that could help distinguishing the two diseases would be of great help for the clinical diagnosis and treatment decision. Pursuing this aim, we identified a proteomic signature of six proteins whose expression/activation was able to discriminate stage IV T-LBL from T-ALL. Moreover, we demonstrated that AKT hyperphosphorylation alone was able to distinguish stage IV T-LBL from both T-ALL and stage III T-LBL. Concluding, these data demonstrate that T-ALL and T-LBL bear different phosphoproteomic profiles, further sustaining the hypothesis of the two disease as different entities and paving the way for the identification of new biomarkers able to distinguish stage IV T-LBL from T-ALL disease, so far based only on BM involvement criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Veltri
- Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Oncohematology, Stem Cell Transplant and Gene Therapy Research Area, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Lovisa
- Oncohematology, Stem Cell Transplant and Gene Therapy Research Area, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cortese
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Pillon
- Clinic of Pediatric Oncohematology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Carraro
- Clinic of Pediatric Oncohematology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Woman and Child Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Provenzi
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Buffardi
- Pediatric Haemato-Oncology Department, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Biffi
- Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Clinic of Pediatric Oncohematology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Buldini
- Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Clinic of Pediatric Oncohematology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentino Conter
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM) Foundation, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Serafin
- Oncohematology, Stem Cell Transplant and Gene Therapy Research Area, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lara Mussolin, ; Valentina Serafin,
| | - Lara Mussolin
- Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Oncohematology, Stem Cell Transplant and Gene Therapy Research Area, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lara Mussolin, ; Valentina Serafin,
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Stredansky M, Moro S, Corva M, Sturmeit H, Mischke V, Janas D, Cojocariu I, Jugovac M, Cossaro A, Verdini A, Floreano L, Feng Z, Sala A, Comelli G, Windischbacher A, Puschnig P, Hohner C, Kettner M, Libuda J, Cinchetti M, Schneider CM, Feyer V, Vesselli E, Zamborlini G. Disproportionation of Nitric Oxide at a Surface-Bound Nickel Porphyrinoid. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2022; 134:e202201916. [PMID: 38505699 PMCID: PMC10947138 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Uncommon metal oxidation states in porphyrinoid cofactors are responsible for the activity of many enzymes. The F430 and P450nor co-factors, with their reduced NiI- and FeIII-containing tetrapyrrolic cores, are prototypical examples of biological systems involved in methane formation and in the reduction of nitric oxide, respectively. Herein, using a comprehensive range of experimental and theoretical methods, we raise evidence that nickel tetraphenyl porphyrins deposited in vacuo on a copper surface are reactive towards nitric oxide disproportionation at room temperature. The interpretation of the measurements is far from being straightforward due to the high reactivity of the different nitrogen oxides species (eventually present in the residual gas background) and of the possible reaction intermediates. The picture is detailed in order to disentangle the challenging complexity of the system, where even a small fraction of contamination can change the scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Stredansky
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | - Stefania Moro
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
| | - Manuel Corva
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | | | | | - David Janas
- Department of PhysicsTU Dortmund UniversityDortmundGermany
| | - Iulia Cojocariu
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Matteo Jugovac
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceUniversity of Triestevia L-Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | | | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | - Zhijing Feng
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | | | - Giovanni Comelli
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | | | - Peter Puschnig
- Institut für PhysikKarl-Franzens-Universität Graz8010GrazAustria
| | - Chantal Hohner
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and CatalysisFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Miroslav Kettner
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and CatalysisFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and CatalysisFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | | | - Claus Michael Schneider
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
- Fakultät f. Physik and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)Universität Duisburg-Essen47048DuisburgGermany
| | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
- Fakultät f. Physik and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)Universität Duisburg-Essen47048DuisburgGermany
| | - Erik Vesselli
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Triestevia A. Valerio 234127TriesteItaly
- CNR-IOM, Area Science ParkS.S. 14 km 163,534149TriesteItaly
| | - Giovanni Zamborlini
- Department of PhysicsTU Dortmund UniversityDortmundGermany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
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Contarino A, Dolci A, Maggioni M, Porta FM, Lopez G, Verga U, Elli FM, Iofrida EF, Cantoni G, Mantovani G, Arosio M. Is Encapsulated Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated With a Better Prognosis? A Case Series and a Review of the Literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:866572. [PMID: 35574005 PMCID: PMC9094444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.866572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm that may spread to lymph nodes before the primary tumor is diagnosed; moreover, distant metastases are already present in about 10% of patients at diagnosis. Serum calcitonin (Ctn) usually reflects the spread of disease, thus orienting the extent of surgery and predicting the possibility of biochemical remission. Tumor size and vascular invasion are important prognostic factors, but little is known on the relationship between other histopathological features, such as the presence of a tumor capsule, and long term outcome of MTC. Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of encapsulated tumors among MTCs and the association of tumor capsule with a favorable outcome after surgery. Methods A retrospective observational single-center study was conducted together with a narrative review of the available literature. Results Among 44 patients (27 female, 17 male; median age: 56 years) with MTC (6 hereditary, 37 sporadic) followed up at our center in the last four years (median follow-up: 29.2 months), seven (15.9%) showed an encapsulated tumor at histology and a clinical remission after surgery. None of them had nodal metastases and median preoperative Ctn (398 pg/mL, IQR 126.5-7336) did not differ significantly from that of the 14 patients (31.8%) with persistent disease after surgery (787 pg/mL, IQR 340.5-2905.5; p=0.633), although their tumor size was significantly higher (median 33 mm versus 16 mm respectively, p=0.036). Among patients with preoperative Ctn levels above 500 pg/mL (n=11), only two (18.2%) showed undetectable Ctn levels during follow-up, both having an encapsulated MTC (OR 0.000, p=0.02). Notably, they were two similar cases of large MTC (> 3 cm) with extensive hyalinization and calcification, associated with very high Ctn levels (> 13'500 and 1'100 pg/mL, respectively) but no nodal nor distant metastases, in complete remission after surgery although one of them carried the aggressive M918T somatic RET mutation. Conclusion MTC rarely shows a tumor capsule, which seems to correlate with a better prognosis and absence of nodal metastases, regardless of RET or RAS mutational status. Among encapsulated MTCs (E-MTC), Ctn levels and tumor size are not predictive of persistence of disease after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Contarino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Dolci
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Porta
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Uberta Verga
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Marta Elli
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Francesca Iofrida
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Cantoni
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Della Bella C, Antico A, Panozzo MP, Capitani N, Benagiano M, Petrone L, Azzurri A, Pratesi S, D’Elios S, Cianchi F, Ortiz-Princz D, Bizzaro N, D’Elios MM. Elevated IL-19 Serum Levels in Patients With Pernicious Anemia and Autoimmune Gastritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887256. [PMID: 35479078 PMCID: PMC9036483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pernicious anemia (PA) is a megaloblastic anemia consisting of hematological, gastric and immunological alterations. The immunopathogenesis of PA is sustained by both autoantibodies (e.g. intrinsic factor (IFA) antibodies and anti parietal cell (PCA) antibodies and autoreactive T cells specific for IFA and the parietal cell proton pump ATPase. Iron deficient anemia (IDA) is a microcytic anemia and represents the most common cause of anemia worldwide. Our work aimed to investigate serum levels of several interleukins (IL) of the IL-20 cytokine subfamily in patients with PA, with IDA and in healthy subjects (HC). We compared serum levels of IL-19, IL-20, IL-26, IL-28A and IL-29 in 43 patients with PA and autoimmune gastritis, in 20 patients with IDA and no autoimmune gastritis, and in 47 HC. Furthermore, we analyzed the IL-19 cytokine production by gastric lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) in eight patients with PA and four HC. We found that patients with PA have significantly higher serum levels of IL-19 (163.68 ± 75.96 pg/ml) than patients with IDA (35.49 ± 40.97 pg/ml; p<0.001) and healthy subjects (55.68 ± 36.75 pg/ml; p<0.001). Gastric LPMC from all PA patients were able to produce significantly higher levels of IL-19 (420.67 ± 68.14 pg/ml) than HC (53.69 ± 10.92 pg/ml) (p<0.01). Altogether, our results indicate that IL-19 serum levels are significantly increased in patients with PA but not with IDA and that IL-19 is produced in vivo in the stomach of PA patients. These data open a new perspective on PA pathogenesis and suggest that IL-19 may represent a novel important tool for the management of patients with PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Antico
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, ULSS7 Pedemontana, Hospital Alto Vicentino, Santorso, Italy
| | - Maria Piera Panozzo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, ULSS7 Pedemontana, Hospital Alto Vicentino, Santorso, Italy
| | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Petrone
- Endocrinology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Azzurri
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Toscana Centro Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Pratesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sofia D’Elios
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Cianchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Diana Ortiz-Princz
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Autonomous Service Institute of Biomedicine “Dr. Jacinto Convit”, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Nicola Bizzaro
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, San Antonio Hospital, Tolmezzo, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mario Milco D’Elios,
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Tiberti C, D’Onofrio L, Panimolle F, Zampetti S, Maddaloni E, Buzzetti R. Immunoreactivities Against Different Tyrosine-Phosphatase 2 (IA-2)(256-760) Protein Domains Characterize Distinct Phenotypes in Subjects With LADA. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:921886. [PMID: 35813648 PMCID: PMC9263087 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.921886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies (Abs) against intracellular epitopes of the tyrosine-phosphatase 2 (IA-2) are detected in type 1 diabetes. Abs directed against the IA-2(256-760) portion, with both intra- and extracellular epitopes, are present in people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and in obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We aim to characterize distribution and clinical features of intra- and extra-cellular IA-2(256-760) immunoreactivities in people with LADA compared to obese people with NGT. The intracellular immunoreactivity represented by immune response against two intracellular IA-2 constructs (IA-2JM(601-630) and IA-2IC(605-979)) was analyzed and related to clinical and biochemical features in 101 people with LADA and in 20 NGT obese subjects, all testing positive for IA-2(256-760) Abs. IA-2 intracellular immunoreactivity showed a frequency of 40.6% in LADA while it was not detected among NGT obese (p<0.001). Amongst LADA, the presence of immunoreactivity against the IA-2 intracellular domains was associated with lower BMI, waist circumference, higher HDL cholesterol and lower triglycerides, lower prevalence of hypertension and higher prevalence of other autoimmune disorders. Immunoreactivity against IA-2 does not involve intracellular domains in the majority of LADA and in obese people with NGT. This study shows that there is heterogeneity in the IA-2 epitopes, associated with different clinical features.
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Dattilo A, Ceccarini G, Scabia G, Magno S, Quintino L, Pelosini C, Salvetti G, Cusano R, Massidda M, Montanelli L, Gilio D, Gatti G, Giacomina A, Costa M, Santini F, Maffei M. Circulating Levels of MiRNAs From 320 Family in Subjects With Lipodystrophy: Disclosing Novel Signatures of the Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:866679. [PMID: 35733784 PMCID: PMC9207177 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.866679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy (LD) indicates a group of rare disorders, with generalized or partial loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) often associated with metabolic derangements. Heterogeneity/wide spectrum of the disease and lack of biomarkers make diagnosis often difficult. MicroRNAs are important to maintain a correct WAT function and WAT is a source of circulating miRNAs (cmiRs). miRNAs from 320 family were previously detected in the WAT and variably associated to the metabolic syndrome. Our aim was then to investigate if LD can result in altered abundance of cmiRs-320. We collected samples from a cohort of LD subjects of various subtypes and from age matched controls. Use of quantitative PCR determined that cmiRs- 320a-3p, 320b, 320c, 320e are upregulated, while 320d is downregulated in LD. CmiRs-320 power as classifiers was more powerful in the most extreme and defined forms of LD, including the generalized and the Dunnigan subtypes. cmiR-320a-3p showed significant inverse relationships with plasma leptin (P < 0.0001), typically low in LD. The hepatic enzymes gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the marker of inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP) were inversely related to cmiR 320d (P < 0.05, for CRP and GGT; P < 0.01, for AST and ALT). Gene ontology analysis revealed cell-cell adhesion as a process regulated by 320 miRNAs targets, thus disclosing a novel route to investigate origin of WAT loss/dysfunction. In conclusion, cmiRs-320 constitute novel biomarkers of LD, abundance of miR320a-3p is inversely associated to indicators related to WAT function, while downregulation of cmiR-320d predicts an altered hepatic profile and higher inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Dattilo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaia Scabia
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Magno
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Quintino
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Pelosini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Salvetti
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Cusano
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia, Pula (CA), Italy
| | - Matteo Massidda
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia, Pula (CA), Italy
| | - Lucia Montanelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Donatella Gilio
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gatti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Mario Costa
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Pisano Flash Radiotherapy, Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CPFR@CISUP), Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Margherita Maffei,
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