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Huang Q, Szebenyi DME. Crystal structure of a type III Rubisco in complex with its product 3-phosphoglycerate. Proteins 2023; 91:330-337. [PMID: 36151846 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the complex of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39) from Archaeoglobus fulgidus (afRubisco) with its products 3PGAs has been determined to a resolution of 1.7 Å and is of the closed form. Type III Rubiscos such as afRubisco have 18 out of the 19 essential amino acid residues of canonical Rubisco; the 19th is Tyr rather than Phe. Superposition with the structure of a complex of the similar tkRubisco with the six-carbon intermediate analog 2CABP shows the same conformation of the 19 residues except for Glu46 and Thr51. Glu46 adopts a unique conformation different from that in other Rubiscos and makes two H-bonds with the ligand 3PGA. Similar to other closed state Rubiscos, the backbone of Thr51 is rotated and the side chain makes an H-bond with the ligand 3PGA. Two product 3PGA molecules are bound at the active site, overlapping well with the 2CABP of tkRubisco/2CABP. The positions of the P1 and P2 phosphate groups differ by 0.4 and 0.53 Å, respectively, between 2CABP and the two 3PGAs. This afRubisco/3PGA complex mimics an intermediate stage of the carboxylation reaction which occurs after the production of the two 3PGA products but before the reopening of the active site. The stability of this complex suggests that the Rubisco active site will not reopen before both 3PGA products are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiu Huang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Doletha M E Szebenyi
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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2
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Korza G, Goulet M, DeMarco A, Wicander J, Setlow P. Role of Bacillus subtilis Spore Core Water Content and pH in the Accumulation and Utilization of Spores' Large 3-Phosphoglyceric Acid Depot, and the Crucial Role of This Depot in Generating ATP Early during Spore Germination. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010195. [PMID: 36677488 PMCID: PMC9864370 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of Bacillus spore cores involves the accumulation of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) during sporulation, following core acidification to ~6.4, and before decreases in core water content occur due to Ca-dipicolinc acid (CaDPA) uptake. This core acidification inhibits phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) at pH 6.4, allowing 3PGA accumulation, although PGM is active at pH 7.4. Spores’ 3PGA is stable for months at 4 °C and weeks at 37 °C. However, in wild-type spore germination, increases in core pH to 7.5−8 and in core water content upon CaDPA release and cortex peptidoglycan hydrolysis allow for rapid 3PGA catabolism, generating ATP; indeed, the earliest ATP generated following germination is from 3PGA catabolism. The current work found no 3PGA in those Bacillus subtilis spores that do not accumulate CaDPA during sporulation and have a core pH of ~7.4. The ATP production in the germination of 3PGA-less spores in a poor medium was minimal, and the germinated spores were >99% dead. However, the 3PGA-replete spores that germinated in the poor medium accumulated >30 times more ATP, and >70% of the germinated spores were found to be alive. These findings indicate why 3PGA accumulation during sporulation (and utilization during germination) in all the Firmicute spores studied can be crucial for spore revival due to the generation of essential ATP. The latter finding further suggests that targeting PGM activity during germination could be a novel way to minimize the damaging effects of spores.
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Quinn WJ, Jiao J, TeSlaa T, Stadanlick J, Wang Z, Wang L, Akimova T, Angelin A, Schäfer PM, Cully MD, Perry C, Kopinski PK, Guo L, Blair IA, Ghanem LR, Leibowitz MS, Hancock WW, Moon EK, Levine MH, Eruslanov EB, Wallace DC, Baur JA, Beier UH. Lactate Limits T Cell Proliferation via the NAD(H) Redox State. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108500. [PMID: 33326785 PMCID: PMC7830708 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell function is influenced by metabolic conditions. Low-glucose, high-lactate environments, such as the placenta, gastrointestinal tract, and the tumor microenvironment, are immunosuppressive, especially for glycolysis-dependent effector T cells. We report that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which is reduced to NADH by lactate dehydrogenase in lactate-rich conditions, is a key point of metabolic control in T cells. Reduced NADH is not available for NAD+-dependent enzymatic reactions involving glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH). We show that increased lactate leads to a block at GAPDH and PGDH, leading to the depletion of post-GAPDH glycolytic intermediates, as well as the 3-phosphoglycerate derivative serine that is known to be important for T cell proliferation. Supplementing serine rescues the ability of T cells to proliferate in the presence of lactate-induced reductive stress. Directly targeting the redox state may be a useful approach for developing novel immunotherapies in cancer and therapeutic immunosuppression. Quinn et al. report that lactate has an acidity-independent suppressive effect on effector T cell proliferation mediated through a shift from NAD+ to NADH (lactate-induced reductive stress). This impairs glycolysis and glucose-derived serine production, which is required for effector T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jing Jiao
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jason Stadanlick
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Penn Transplant Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Liqing Wang
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Disease, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tatiana Akimova
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Disease, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessia Angelin
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick M Schäfer
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle D Cully
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Caroline Perry
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Piotr K Kopinski
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Penn SRP Center, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Penn SRP Center, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Louis R Ghanem
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael S Leibowitz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Disease, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edmund K Moon
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew H Levine
- Department of Surgery, Penn Transplant Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ulf H Beier
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Johnsen U, Reinhardt A, Landan G, Tria FDK, Turner JM, Davies C, Schönheit P. New views on an old enzyme: allosteric regulation and evolution of archaeal pyruvate kinases. FEBS J 2019; 286:2471-2489. [PMID: 30945446 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinases (PKs) synthesize ATP as the final step of glycolysis in the three domains of life. PKs from most bacteria and eukarya are allosteric enzymes that are activated by sugar phosphates; for example, the feed-forward regulator fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, or AMP as a sensor of energy charge. Archaea utilize unusual glycolytic pathways, but the allosteric properties of PKs from these species are largely unknown. Here, we present an analysis of 24 PKs from most archaeal clades with respect to allosteric properties, together with phylogenetic analyses constructed using a novel mode of rooting protein trees. We find that PKs from many Thermoproteales, an order of crenarchaeota, are allosterically activated by 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). We also identify five conserved amino acids that form the binding pocket for 3PG. 3PG is generated via an irreversible reaction in the modified glycolytic pathway of these archaea and therefore functions as a feed-forward regulator. We also show that PKs from hyperthermophilic Methanococcales, an order of euryarchaeota, are activated by AMP. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that 3PG-activated PKs form an evolutionary lineage that is distinct from that of sugar-phosphate activated PKs, and that sugar phosphate-activated PKs originated as AMP-regulated PKs in hyperthermophilic Methanococcales. Since the phospho group of sugar phosphates and 3PG overlap in the allosteric site, our data indicate that the allostery in PKs first started from a progenitor phosphate-binding site that evolved in two spatially distinct directions: one direction generated the canonical site that responds to sugar phosphates and the other gave rise to the 3PG site present in Thermoproteales. Overall, our data suggest an intimate connection between the allosteric properties and evolution of PKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Johnsen
- Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Reinhardt
- Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany
| | - Giddy Landan
- Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany
| | - Fernando D K Tria
- Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Turner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Christopher Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peter Schönheit
- Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany
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Figueroa CM, Kuhn ML, Hill BL, Iglesias AA, Ballicora MA. Resurrecting the Regulatory Properties of the Ostreococcus tauri ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Large Subunit. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1564. [PMID: 30425723 PMCID: PMC6218581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADP-Glc PPase) catalyzes the first committed step for the synthesis of glycogen in cyanobacteria and starch in green algae and plants. The enzyme from cyanobacteria is homotetrameric (α4), while that from green algae and plants is heterotetrameric (α2β2). These ADP-Glc PPases are allosterically regulated by 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA, activator) and inorganic orthophosphate (Pi, inhibitor). Previous studies on the cyanobacterial and plant enzymes showed that 3PGA binds to two highly conserved Lys residues located in the C-terminal domain. We observed that both Lys residues are present in the small (α) subunit of the Ostreococcus tauri enzyme; however, one of these Lys residues is replaced by Arg in the large (β) subunit. In this work, we obtained the K443R and R466K mutants of the O. tauri small and large subunits, respectively, and co-expressed them together or with their corresponding wild type counterparts. Our results show that restoring the Lys residue in the large subunit enhanced 3PGA affinity, whereas introduction of an Arg residue in the small subunit reduced 3PGA affinity of the heterotetramers. Inhibition kinetics also showed that heterotetramers containing the K443R small subunit mutant were less sensitive to Pi inhibition, but only minor changes were observed for those containing the R466K large subunit mutant, suggesting a leading role of the small subunit for Pi inhibition of the heterotetramer. We conclude that, during evolution, the ADP-Glc PPase large subunit from green algae and plants acquired mutations in its regulatory site. The rationale for this could have been to accommodate sensitivity to particular metabolic needs of the cell or tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Misty L. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin L. Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alberto A. Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Santa Fe, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Alberto A. Iglesias, Miguel A. Ballicora,
| | - Miguel A. Ballicora
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Alberto A. Iglesias, Miguel A. Ballicora,
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Ferrero DML, Asencion Diez MD, Kuhn ML, Falaschetti CA, Piattoni CV, Iglesias AA, Ballicora MA. On the Roles of Wheat Endosperm ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Subunits. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1498. [PMID: 30459778 PMCID: PMC6232684 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from wheat endosperm controls starch synthesis in seeds and has unique regulatory properties compared to others from this family. It comprises two types of subunits, but despite its importance little is known about their roles. Here, we synthesized de novo the wheat endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small (S) and large (L) subunit genes, heterologously expressed them in Escherichia coli, and kinetically characterized the recombinant proteins. To understand their distinct roles, we co-expressed them with well characterized subunits from the potato tuber enzyme to obtain hybrids with one S subunit from one source and an L subunit from the other. After kinetic analyses of these hybrids, we concluded that the unusual insensitivity to activation of the wheat endosperm enzyme is caused by a pre-activation of the L subunit. In addition, the heat stability and sensitivity to phosphate are given by the S subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danisa M. L. Ferrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET – UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matias D. Asencion Diez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET – UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Misty L. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Claudia V. Piattoni
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET – UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto A. Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET – UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Alberto A. Iglesias, Miguel A. Ballicora,
| | - Miguel A. Ballicora
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Alberto A. Iglesias, Miguel A. Ballicora,
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Nishitani Y, Aono R, Nakamura A, Sato T, Atomi H, Imanaka T, Miki K. Structure analysis of archaeal AMP phosphorylase reveals two unique modes of dimerization. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:2709-21. [PMID: 23659790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AMP phosphorylase (AMPpase) catalyzes the initial reaction in a novel AMP metabolic pathway recently found in archaea, converting AMP and phosphate into adenine and ribose 1,5-bisphosphate. Gel-filtration chromatography revealed that AMPpase from Thermococcus kodakarensis (Tk-AMPpase) forms an exceptionally large macromolecular structure (>40-mers) in solution. To investigate its unique multimerization feature, we determined the first crystal structures of Tk-AMPpase, in the apo-form and in complex with substrates. Structures of two truncated forms of Tk-AMPpase (Tk-AMPpaseΔN84 and Tk-AMPpaseΔC10) clarified that this multimerization is achieved by two dimer interfaces within a single molecule: one by the central domain and the other by the C-terminal domain, which consists of an unexpected domain-swapping interaction. The N-terminal domain, characteristic of archaeal enzymes, is essential for enzymatic activity, participating in multimerization as well as domain closure of the active site upon substrate binding. Moreover, biochemical analysis demonstrated that the macromolecular assembly of Tk-AMPpase contributes to its high thermostability, essential for an enzyme from a hyperthermophile. Our findings unveil a unique archaeal nucleotide phosphorylase that is distinct in both function and structure from previously known members of the nucleoside phosphorylase II family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Bracha AL, Ramanathan A, Huang S, Ingber DE, Schreiber SL. Carbon metabolism-mediated myogenic differentiation. Nat Chem Biol 2010; 6:202-204. [PMID: 20081855 PMCID: PMC2822028 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of nutrients and metabolism in cellular differentiation is poorly understood. Using RNAi screening, metabolic profiling and small-molecule probes, we discovered that the knockdown of three metabolic enzymes-phosphoglycerate kinase (Pgk1), hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6pd) and ATP citrate lyase (Acl)-induces differentiation of mouse C2C12 myoblasts even in the presence of mitogens. These enzymes and the pathways they regulate provide new targets for the control of myogenic differentiation in myoblasts and rhabdomyosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L. Bracha
- Vascular Biology Program, Departments of Pathology & Surgery, Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Arvind Ramanathan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Donald E. Ingber
- Vascular Biology Program, Departments of Pathology & Surgery, Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Sá-Moura B, Albuquerque L, Empadinhas N, da Costa MS, Pereira PJB, Macedo-Ribeiro S. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of mannosyl- 3-phosphoglycerate synthase from Rubrobacter xylanophilus. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:760-3. [PMID: 18678952 PMCID: PMC2494972 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108021490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rubrobacter xylanophilus is the only Gram-positive bacterium known to synthesize the compatible solute mannosylglycerate (MG), which is commonly found in hyperthermophilic archaea and some thermophilic bacteria. Unlike the salt-dependent pattern of accumulation observed in (hyper)thermophiles, in R. xylanophilus MG accumulates constitutively. The synthesis of MG in R. xylanophilus was tracked from GDP-mannose and 3-phosphoglycerate, but the genome sequence of the organism failed to reveal any of the genes known to be involved in this pathway. The native enzyme was purified and its N-terminal sequence was used to identify the corresponding gene (mpgS) in the genome of R. xylanophilus. The gene encodes a highly divergent mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase (MpgS) without relevant sequence homology to known mannosylphosphoglycerate synthases. In order to understand the specificity and enzymatic mechanism of this novel enzyme, it was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. The crystals thus obtained belonged to the hexagonal space group P6(5)22 and contained two protein molecules per asymmetric unit. The structure was solved by SIRAS using a mercury derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bebiana Sá-Moura
- IBMC – Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana Albuquerque
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro
- IBMC – Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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