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Chaurasiya ND, Liu H, Doerksen RJ, Nanayakkara NPD, Walker LA, Tekwani BL. Enantioselective Interactions of Anti-Infective 8-Aminoquinoline Therapeutics with Human Monoamine Oxidases A and B. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050398. [PMID: 33922294 PMCID: PMC8146505 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Aminoquinolines (8-AQs) are an important class of anti-infective therapeutics. The monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a key role in metabolism of 8-AQs. A major role for MAO-A in metabolism of primaquine (PQ), the prototypical 8-AQ antimalarial, has been demonstrated. These investigations were further extended to characterize the enantioselective interactions of PQ and NPC1161 (8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl) amino]-5-[3, 4-dichlorophenoxy]-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline) with human MAO-A and -B. NPC1161B, the (R)-(−) enantiomer with outstanding potential for malaria radical cure, treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and pneumocystis pneumonia infections is poised for clinical development. PQ showed moderate inhibition of human MAO-A and -B. Racemic PQ and (R)-(−)-PQ both showed marginally greater (1.2- and 1.6-fold, respectively) inhibition of MAO-A as compared to MAO-B. However, (S)-(+)-PQ showed a reverse selectivity with greater inhibition of MAO-B than MAO-A. Racemic NPC1161 was a strong inhibitor of MAOs with 3.7-fold selectivity against MAO-B compared to MAO-A. The (S)-(+) enantiomer (NPC1161A) was a better inhibitor of MAO-A and -B compared to the (R)-(−) enantiomer (NPC1161B), with more than 10-fold selectivity for inhibition of MAO-B over MAO-A. The enantioselective interaction of NPC1161 and strong binding of NPC1161A with MAO-B was further confirmed by enzyme-inhibitor binding and computational docking analyses. Differential interactions of PQ and NPC1161 enantiomers with human MAOs may contribute to the enantioselective pharmacodynamics and toxicity of anti-infective 8-AQs therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan D. Chaurasiya
- Division of Drug Discovery, Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.C.); (B.L.T.); Tel.: +11-205-581-2026 (N.D.C.); +1-1-205-581-2205 (B.L.T.)
| | - Haining Liu
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.L.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.L.); (R.J.D.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - N. P. Dhammika Nanayakkara
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- Division of Drug Discovery, Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.C.); (B.L.T.); Tel.: +11-205-581-2026 (N.D.C.); +1-1-205-581-2205 (B.L.T.)
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Marasini B, Lal BK, Thapa S, Awasthi KR, Bajracharya B, Khanal P, Neupane S, Jha SN, Acharya S, Iama S, Koirala M, Koirala D, Bhandari S, Mahato RK, Chaudhary A, Ghimire P, Magar RG, Bhattarai RK, Gornsawun G, Penpitchaporn P, Bancone G, Acharya BP. G6PD deficiency in malaria endemic areas of Nepal. Malar J 2020; 19:287. [PMID: 32787970 PMCID: PMC7425560 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is currently a threat to malaria elimination due to risk of primaquine-induced haemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends G6PD screening before providing primaquine as a radical treatment against vivax malaria. However, evidence regarding the prevalence and causing mutations of G6PD deficiency in Nepal is scarce. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based, prevalence study was carried out from May to October 2016 in 12 malaria-endemic districts of Nepal. The screening survey included 4067 participants whose G6PD status was determined by G6PD Care Start™ rapid diagnostic test and genotyping. Results The prevalence of G6PD deficiency at the national level was 3.5% (4.1% among males and 2.1% among females). When analysed according to ethnic groups, G6PD deficiency was highest among the Janajati (6.2% overall, 17.6% in Mahatto, 7.7% in Chaudhary and 7.5% in Tharu) and low among Brahman and Chhetri (1.3%). District-wise, prevalence was highest in Banke (7.6%) and Chitwan (6.6%). Coimbra mutation (592 C>T) was found among 75.5% of the G6PD-deficient samples analysed and Mahidol (487 G>A) and Mediterranean (563 C>T) mutations were found in equal proportions in the remaining 24.5%. There was no specific geographic or ethnic distribution for the three mutations. Conclusions This study has identified populations with moderate to high prevalence of G6PD deficiency which provides strong evidence supporting the WHO recommendations to screen G6PD deficiency at health facility level before the use of primaquine-based radical curative regimen for Plasmodium vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baburam Marasini
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health Services Government of Nepal, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bibek Kumar Lal
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health Services Government of Nepal, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suman Thapa
- Save The Children, Global Fund, Airport, Shambhu Marg, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kiran Raj Awasthi
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bijay Bajracharya
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Pratik Khanal
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sanjeev Neupane
- Save The Children, Global Fund, Airport, Shambhu Marg, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shambhu Nath Jha
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sanjaya Acharya
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Smriti Iama
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Madan Koirala
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dinesh Koirala
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suresh Bhandari
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ram Kumar Mahato
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Arun Chaudhary
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pramin Ghimire
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rahachan Gharti Magar
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division/Program Management Unit (Global Fund/SCI), Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Gornpan Gornsawun
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Pimsupah Penpitchaporn
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Germana Bancone
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand. .,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Bhim Prasad Acharya
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health Services Government of Nepal, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
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