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Schneider K, Recke S, Kaiser E, Götte S, Berkefeld H, Lässig J, Rüdiger T, Lindtner O, Oltmanns J. Consumer behaviour survey for assessing exposure from consumer products: a feasibility study. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2019; 29:83-94. [PMID: 29789669 PMCID: PMC6760613 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating chemical exposures from consumer products is an essential part of chemical safety assessments under REACH and may also be important to demonstrate compliance with consumer product legislation. Modelling of consumer exposure needs input information on the substance (e.g. vapour pressure), the product(s) containing the substance (e.g. concentration) and on consumer behaviour (e.g. use frequency and amount of product used). This feasibility study in Germany investigated methods for conducting a consumer survey in order to identify and retrieve information on frequency, duration, use amounts and use conditions for six example product types (four mixtures, two articles): hand dishwashing liquid, cockpit spray, fillers, paints and lacquers, shoes made of rubber or plastic, and ball-pens/pencils. Retrospective questionnaire methods (Consumer Product Questionnaire (CPQ), and Recall-Foresight Questionnaire (RFQ)) as well as protocol methods (written reporting by participants and video documentation) were used. A combination of retrospective questionnaire and written protocol methods was identified to provide valid information in a resource-efficient way. Relevant information, which can readily be used in exposure modelling, was obtained for all parameters and product types investigated. Based on the observations in this feasibility study, recommendations are given for designing a large consumer survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Schneider
- FoBiG, Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut Gefahrstoffe GmbH, Klarastr. 63, 79106, Freiburg i. Br., Germany.
| | - Selina Recke
- aproxima, Gesellschaft für Markt- und Sozialforschung Weimar mbH, Schillerstraße 10, 99423, Weimar, Germany
| | - Eva Kaiser
- FoBiG, Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut Gefahrstoffe GmbH, Klarastr. 63, 79106, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Sebastian Götte
- aproxima, Gesellschaft für Markt- und Sozialforschung Weimar mbH, Schillerstraße 10, 99423, Weimar, Germany
| | - Henrike Berkefeld
- FoBiG, Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut Gefahrstoffe GmbH, Klarastr. 63, 79106, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Juliane Lässig
- aproxima, Gesellschaft für Markt- und Sozialforschung Weimar mbH, Schillerstraße 10, 99423, Weimar, Germany
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- BfR, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Lindtner
- BfR, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Oltmanns
- FoBiG, Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut Gefahrstoffe GmbH, Klarastr. 63, 79106, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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Søgaard AJ, Ranhoff AH, Meyer HE, Omsland TK, Nystad W, Tell GS, Holvik K. The association between alcohol consumption and risk of hip fracture differs by age and gender in Cohort of Norway: a NOREPOS study. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:2457-2467. [PMID: 30006884 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The association between alcohol consumption and hip fracture differed by gender: Men aged 30-59 years drinking frequently or 14+ gl/week had higher risk than moderate drinkers. No significant association was seen in older men. Women not drinking alcohol had higher risk than those drinking moderately both regarding frequency and amount. INTRODUCTION We aimed to examine alcohol consumption and risk of hip fracture according to age and gender in the population-based Cohort of Norway (1994-2003). METHODS Socio-demographics, lifestyle, and health were self-reported and weight and height were measured in 70,568 men and 71,357 women ≥ 30 years. Information on subsequent hip fractures was retrieved from hospitals' electronic patient registries during 1994-2013. Frequency of alcohol consumption was categorized: never/seldom, moderate (≤ 2-3 times/week), or frequent (≥ 4 times/week), and amount as number of glasses per week: 0, 1-6, 7-13, 14-27, and 28+. Type of alcohol (wine vs. beer/hard liquor) was also examined. Cox's proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) stratified on gender and baseline age < 60 and ≥ 60 years. RESULTS During median 15-year follow-up, 1558 men and 2511 women suffered a hip fracture. Using moderate drinkers as reference, men < 60 years drinking frequently had multivariable adjusted HR = 1.73 (CI 1.02-2.96) for hip fracture and more than 2.5 times higher risk if they consumed 14+ glasses compared to 1-6 glasses per week. In other groups of age and gender, no statistically significant increased risk was found in those consuming the highest levels of alcohol. Compared to women with moderate or frequent alcohol use, never/seldom-drinking women had the highest fracture risk. In women, use of wine was associated with lower fracture risk than other types of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Risk of hip fracture was highest in men < 60 years with the highest frequency and amount of alcohol consumption and in non-drinking women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Søgaard
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - A H Ranhoff
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, 0403, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H E Meyer
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, 0403, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T K Omsland
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - W Nystad
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - G S Tell
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, 0403, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Holvik
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, 0403, Oslo, Norway
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Dautovich ND, Schreiber DR, Imel JL, Tighe CA, Shoji KD, Cyrus J, Bryant N, Lisech A, O'Brien C, Dzierzewski JM. A systematic review of the amount and timing of light in association with objective and subjective sleep outcomes in community-dwelling adults. Sleep Health 2018; 5:31-48. [PMID: 30670164 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Light is considered the dominant environmental cue, or zeitgeber, influencing the sleep-wake cycle. Despite recognizing the importance of light for our well-being, less is known about the specific conditions under which light is optimally associated with better sleep. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to examine the association between the amount and timing of light exposure in relation to sleep outcomes in healthy, community-dwelling adults. A systematic search was conducted of four databases from database inception to June 2016. In total, 45 studies met the review eligibility criteria with generally high study quality excepting for the specification of eligibility criteria and the justification of sample size. The majority of studies involved experimental manipulation of light (n = 32) vs observational designs (n = 13). Broad trends emerged suggesting that (1) bright light (>1000 lux) has positive implications for objectively assessed sleep outcomes compared to dim (<100 lux) and moderate light (100-1000 lux) and (2) bright light (>1000 lux) has positive implications for subjectively assessed sleep outcomes compared to moderate light (100-1000 lux). Effects due to the amount of light are moderated by the timing of light exposure such that, for objectively assessed sleep outcomes, brighter morning and evening light exposure are consistent with a shift in the timing of the sleep period to earlier and later in the day, respectively. For subjectively assessed sleep outcomes, brighter light delivered in the morning was associated with self-reported sleep improvements and brighter evening light exposure was associated with worse self-reported sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie D Dautovich
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 W Franklin St, Room 203, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018.
| | - Dana R Schreiber
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W Franklin St, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
| | - Janna L Imel
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W Franklin St, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
| | - Caitlan A Tighe
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 870348, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0348
| | - Kristy D Shoji
- South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - John Cyrus
- Tompkins-McCaw Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, 509 N 12th St, Box 980582, Richmond, VA 23298-0582
| | - Nita Bryant
- James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, 901 Park Ave, Box 842033,Richmond, VA 23284-2033
| | - Andrew Lisech
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W Franklin St, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
| | - Chris O'Brien
- Psychology Department, Chatham University, Woodland Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Joseph M Dzierzewski
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W Franklin St, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
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Chen HY, Wu JS, Chang YF, Sun ZJ, Chang CJ, Lu FH, Yang YC. Increased amount and duration of tea consumption may be associated with decreased risk of renal stone disease. World J Urol 2018; 37:379-384. [PMID: 29967945 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have looked into the association between tea consumption and renal stone disease, but the impact of tea consumption over time has not yet been fully clarified. Our study aimed to examine the amount and duration of tea consumption concomitantly in relation to the risk of renal stone disease. METHODS A total of 13,842 subjects who underwent health check-ups were recruited. Average tea consumption per day was defined as the amount of tea consumption per day multiplied by the frequency per week divided by seven. A "cup" was defined as 120 mL for each Chinese traditional teapot," and "cup-year" was calculated by multiplying the number of daily cups and the years of tea consumption to express the cumulative dose of tea consumption over time. The diagnosis of renal stone disease was established based on the results of abdominal sonography. RESULTS The amount of daily tea consumption was 119.2 ± 306.8 and 131.7 ± 347.3 mL in groups with and without renal stone disease. After adjusting for other clinical variables, daily tea consumption ≥ 240 mL vs. none was related to lower risk of renal stone disease (OR = 0.84, CI 0.71-0.99, p = 0.037). In another model, the associated risk of renal stone disease decreased significantly with tea consumption ≥ 20 cup-year (OR = 0.79, CI 0.66-0.94, p = 0.008), but not < 20 cup-year (OR = 0.92, CI 0.78-1.09, p = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS Daily tea consumption ≥ 240 mL (two cups) was associated with a lower risk of renal stone disease. Tea consumption ≥ 20 cup-year also had a decreased associated risk of renal stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Chen
- The Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shang Wu
- The Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan.,The Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Fan Chang
- The Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Jie Sun
- The Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan.,The Division of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Chang
- The Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan.,The Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Hwa Lu
- The Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan. .,The Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ching Yang
- The Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan. .,The Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Objective: To understand the prevalence of alcohol drinking in 20-79 years old males with different educational backgrounds and smoking behaviors in different areas of China. Methods: A multi-stage cluster random sampling survey was conducted in 150 surveillance sites in 2010-2012 Chinese nutrition and health surveillance in China. At least 1 000 subjects were selected in each surveillance site. Alcohol drinking prevalence and pattern information were collected by using personal health and food frequency questionnaire in face to face interviews. Results: A total of 60 791 males aged 20-79 years were surveyed. The prevalence of alcohol drinking was 57.8% (58.3% in rural area, 57.3% in urban area). The mean daily alcohol intake level was 32.7 g (33.3 g in rural area, 32.1 g in urban area). The rate of almost drinking every day and daily alcohol intake level were highest among males aged 50-59 years. Mean daily alcohol intake level, rate of almost drinking every day and excessive drinking decreased with the increase of education level. Non-smokers had higher rate of never drinking and lower prevalence of drinking and excessive drinking, lower mean daily alcohol intake level, and lower rate of almost drinking every day compared with current and past smokers. Conclusions: Alcohol drinking was common in males aged 20-79 years in China, and, the difference was not obvious between rural residents and urban residents. The differences in daily intake level of different alcohol drinks among males with different characteristics had certain significance. Significant difference in excessive drinking was found among different age groups, those with different education levels and those with different smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Fang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Cheah YK, Azahadi M, Phang SN, Hazilah N. Factors affecting participation decision and amount of physical activity among urban dwellers in Malaysia. Public Health 2017; 146:84-91. [PMID: 28404478 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rapid rise in the prevalence of physical inactivity-related diseases has become a serious public health issue worldwide. The objective of the present study is to examine the factors affecting participation in physical activity among urban dwellers in Malaysia. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study measures physical activity using a rigorous regression model. METHODS Data are obtained from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 (NHMS 2011). A lognormal hurdle model is used to analyse the participation decision and the amount decision of physical activity. RESULTS The results show that income, gender, ethnicity, marital status and employment status are significantly associated with participation decision and amount decision. However, age, insurance and self-rated health only affect participation decision, whereas family size, education and smoking only affect amount decision. CONCLUSIONS It can, thus, be concluded that sociodemographic, insurance, lifestyle and health factors play an important role in determining physical activity behaviour among urban dwellers. When formulating policies, special attention must be paid to these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Cheah
- School of Economics, Finance and Banking, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, UUM Sintok, 06010 Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia.
| | - M Azahadi
- Centre for Burden of Disease Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, 50590 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - S N Phang
- School of Government, College of Law, Government and International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia, UUM Sintok, 06010 Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia.
| | - N Hazilah
- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Yang ZM, Lin J, Chen LH, Zhang M, Chen WW, Yang XR. The roles of AMY1 copies and protein expression in human salivary α-amylase activity. Physiol Behav 2015; 138:173-8. [PMID: 25446200 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salivary α-amylase (sAA) activity has been extensively investigated in nutrition and psychology. But few studies were performed to assess the role played by sAA gene (AMY1) copies and protein expression in basal and stimulus-induced sAA activity. The sAA activity, amount and AMY1 copy number were determined from 184 saliva samples pre- and post-citric acid stimulation. Our findings showed that citric acid could induce significant increase in sAA activity, total sAA amount, and glycosylated sAA amount, among which the glycosylated sAA amount had the largest response. The correlation analysis showed that AMY1 copy number, total sAA amount and AMY1 copy number×total sAA amount had significantly positive and successively increasing correlations with sAA activity in unstimulated and stimulated saliva, respectively, and furthermore, we observed higher correlations in unstimulated saliva when compared with the corresponding correlations in stimulated saliva. We also observed significant correlations between glycosylated sAA amount and sAA activity in unstimulated and stimulated saliva, respectively. Interestingly, the correlations were higher in stimulated saliva than in unstimulated saliva, and the correlations between glycosylated sAA amount and sAA activity were higher than that of between total sAA amount and sAA activity in stimulated saliva. Moreover, total sAA amount ratio and glycosylated sAA amount ratio showed significantly positive correlation with sAA activity ratio. AMY1 copy number had no correlation with sAA activity ratio. These findings suggested that AMY1 copy number and sAA amount played crucial roles in sAA activity; however, the roles were attenuated after stimulation due to fortified release of glycosylated sAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Min Yang
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Long-Hui Chen
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haizhu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China
| | - Wei-Wen Chen
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
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Ray S, Khanra D, Sonthalia N, Kundu S, Biswas K, Talukdar A, Saha M, Bera H. Clinico-biochemical correlation to histological findings in alcoholic liver disease: a single centre study from eastern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:MC01-5. [PMID: 25478382 PMCID: PMC4253200 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8763.4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholism is a health problem not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. Cirrhosis due to alcohol is a common cause of death among individuals abusing alcohol. A better knowledge of the spectrum of alcoholic liver diseases, its clinical, biochemical and histopathological features could result in early detection and prevention of alcoholic liver diseases before it's catastrophic and life threatening effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 200 patients with alcoholic liver diseases were studied with respect to alcohol consumption, clinical features, biochemical and histopathological changes. The clinical features, biochemical parameters, and histopathology of liver including Ishak's modified histological activity index (HAI) were correlated with the amount and duration of alcohol consumed. RESULT Majority of the patients were in the age group of 40-49 years and all the cases were males. Majority consumed alcohol of about 75-90 grams per day for a duration of 10-12 years. Anorexia and jaundice were the most common symptom and clinical finding respectively. Hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia were the most common abnormalities observed in liver function tests. Advanced HAI stages with features of cirrhosis were most frequent histo-pathological finding noted in this study. Clinico-biochemical profile was significantly correlated with degree of alcohol ingestion as well as with liver histopathology. CONCLUSION The wide prevalence of alcoholic liver disease including cirrhosis among Indian males was noted with significantly lower quantity and duration of alcohol ingestion. The severity of liver damage is directly proportional to the quantity and duration of alcohol consumed. Clinical features and biochemical changes may forecast the liver histopathology among the patients of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Ray
- Residential Medical Officer, Department of Medicine, Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Dibbendhu Khanra
- Resident, Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Nikhil Sonthalia
- Resident, Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Supratip Kundu
- Resident, Department of Cardiology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- Senior Resident, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGMER) and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Arunansu Talukdar
- Professor, Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Manjari Saha
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Himel Bera
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Bankura Sammilani Medical College & Hospital, Bankura, India
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Jang YC, Lee J, Hong S, Mok JY, Kim KS, Lee YJ, Choi HW, Kang H, Lee S. Estimation of the annual flow and stock of marine debris in South Korea for management purposes. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 86:505-511. [PMID: 25038983 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The annual flow and stock of marine debris in the Sea of Korea was estimated by summarizing previous survey results and integrating them with other relevant information to underpin the national marine debris management plan. The annual inflow of marine debris was estimated to be 91,195 tons [32,825 tons (36% of the total) from sources on land and 58,370 tons (64%) from ocean sources]. As of the end of 2012, the total stock of marine debris on all South Korean coasts (12,029 tons), the seabed (137,761 tons), and in the water column (2451 tons) was estimated to be 152,241 tons. In 2012, 42,595 tons of marine debris was collected from coasts, seabeds, and the water column. This is a very rare case study that estimated the amount of marine debris at a national level, the results of which provide essential information for the development of efficient marine debris management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chang Jang
- Korea Marine Litter Institute, Our Sea of East Asia Network, 1570-8, Tong Yeong 650-826, South Korea
| | - Jongmyoung Lee
- Korea Marine Litter Institute, Our Sea of East Asia Network, 1570-8, Tong Yeong 650-826, South Korea.
| | - Sunwook Hong
- Korea Marine Litter Institute, Our Sea of East Asia Network, 1570-8, Tong Yeong 650-826, South Korea
| | - Jin Yong Mok
- Marine Policy Research Division, Korea Maritime Institute, Seoul 151-915, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Shin Kim
- Marine Policy Research Division, Korea Maritime Institute, Seoul 151-915, South Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- Marine Policy Research Division, Korea Maritime Institute, Seoul 151-915, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Choi
- Oceanographic Data & Information Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan 426-744, South Korea
| | - Hongmook Kang
- Department of Marine Conservation, Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation, Seoul 135-870, South Korea
| | - Sukhui Lee
- Department of Marine Conservation, Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation, Seoul 135-870, South Korea
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