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Jankowiak R, Ostafińska A, Aas T, Solheim H, Bilański P, Linnakoski R, Hausner G. Three new Leptographium spp. (Ophiostomatales) infecting hardwood trees in Norway and Poland. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 111:2323-2347. [PMID: 29980901 PMCID: PMC6245115 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Species of Leptographium are characterized by mononematous or synnematous conidiophores and are commonly associated with different arthropods. Some of them also produce a sexual state characterised by globose ascomata with elongated necks. Compared to investigations on coniferous trees, the occurrence of Leptographium species on hardwood trees has been poorly studied in Europe. During a survey of ophiostomatoid fungi on various hardwood tree species in Norway and Poland, three unusual species, which fit in the broader morphological description of Leptographium spp., were found in association with Trypodendron domesticum, Trypodendron signatum and Dryocoetes alni, and from wounds on a variety of hardwoods. Phylogenetic analyses of sequence data for six different loci (ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2, ITS2-LSU, ACT, β-tubulin, CAL, and TEF-1α) showed that these Leptographium species are phylogenetically closely related to the species of the Grosmannia olivacea complex. The first species forms a well-supported lineage that includes Ophiostoma brevicolle, while the two other new taxa resided in a separate lineage; possibly affiliated with Grosmannia francke-grosmanniae. All the new species produce perithecia with necks terminating in ostiolar hyphae and orange-section shaped ascospores with cucullate, gelatinous sheaths. These species also produce dark olivaceous mononematous asexual states in culture. In addition, two of the newly described species have a second type of conidiophore with a short and non-pigmented stipe. The new Leptographium species can be easily distinguished from each other by their appearance and growth in culture. Based on novel morphological characters and distinct DNA sequences, these fungi were recognised as new taxa for which the names Leptographium tardum sp. nov., Leptographium vulnerum sp. nov., and Leptographium flavum sp. nov. are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Pathology, Mycology and Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Ostafińska
- Department of Forest Pathology, Mycology and Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Truls Aas
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Halvor Solheim
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Piotr Bilański
- Department of Forest Protection, Entomology and Forest Climatology, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Riikka Linnakoski
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Georg Hausner
- Department of Microbiology, Buller Building 213, University of Manitoba, Winnpeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Linnakoski R, Jankowiak R, Villari C, Kirisits T, Solheim H, de Beer ZW, Wingfield MJ. The Ophiostoma clavatum species complex: a newly defined group in the Ophiostomatales including three novel taxa. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:987-1018. [PMID: 27142088 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two species of blue-stain fungi with similar morphologies, Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum and Ophiostoma clavatum, are associates of bark beetles infesting Pinus spp. in Europe. This has raised questions whether they represent distinct taxa. Absence of herbarium specimens and contaminated or mistakenly identified cultures of O. brunneo-ciliatum and O. clavatum have accentuated the uncertainty regarding their correct identification. The aim of this study was to reconsider the identity of European isolates reported as O. brunneo-ciliatum and O. clavatum by applying DNA-based identification methods, and to provide appropriate type specimens for them. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, βT, TEF-1α and CAL gene sequences revealed that the investigated isolates represent a complex of seven cryptic species. The study confirmed that ITS data is insufficient to delineate species in some Ophiostoma species clusters. Lectotypes and epitypes were designated for O. clavatum and O. brunneo-ciliatum, and three new species, Ophiostoma brunneolum, Ophiostoma macroclavatum and Ophiostoma pseudocatenulatum, are described in the newly defined O. clavatum-complex. The other two species included in the complex are Ophiostoma ainoae and Ophiostoma tapionis. The results suggest co-evolution of these fungi in association with specific bark beetles. The results also confirm the identity of the fungus associated with the pine bark beetle Ips acuminatus as O. clavatum, while O. brunneo-ciliatum appears to be mainly associated with another pine bark beetle, Ips sexdentatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Linnakoski
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Pathology, Mycology and Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Caterina Villari
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di Padova, Agripolis, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy
| | - Thomas Kirisits
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection (IFFF), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Hasenauerstraβe 38, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Halvor Solheim
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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