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He JL, Hirst RJ, Puri R, Coxon J, Byblow W, Hinder M, Skippen P, Matzke D, Heathcote A, Wadsley CG, Silk T, Hyde C, Parmar D, Pedapati E, Gilbert DL, Huddleston DA, Mostofsky S, Leunissen I, MacDonald HJ, Chowdhury NS, Gretton M, Nikitenko T, Zandbelt B, Strickland L, Puts NAJ. OSARI, an Open-Source Anticipated Response Inhibition Task. Behav Res Methods 2022; 54:1530-1540. [PMID: 34751923 PMCID: PMC9170665 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The stop-signal paradigm has become ubiquitous in investigations of inhibitory control. Tasks inspired by the paradigm, referred to as stop-signal tasks, require participants to make responses on go trials and to inhibit those responses when presented with a stop-signal on stop trials. Currently, the most popular version of the stop-signal task is the 'choice-reaction' variant, where participants make choice responses, but must inhibit those responses when presented with a stop-signal. An alternative to the choice-reaction variant of the stop-signal task is the 'anticipated response inhibition' task. In anticipated response inhibition tasks, participants are required to make a planned response that coincides with a predictably timed event (such as lifting a finger from a computer key to stop a filling bar at a predefined target). Anticipated response inhibition tasks have some advantages over the more traditional choice-reaction stop-signal tasks and are becoming increasingly popular. However, currently, there are no openly available versions of the anticipated response inhibition task, limiting potential uptake. Here, we present an open-source, free, and ready-to-use version of the anticipated response inhibition task, which we refer to as the OSARI (the Open-Source Anticipated Response Inhibition) task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L He
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Rebecca J Hirst
- The Drug research University of Tasmania Group, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Trinity College School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rohan Puri
- Open Science Tools (PsychoPy) lab, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Coxon
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Group, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Winston Byblow
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Hinder
- Open Science Tools (PsychoPy) lab, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patrick Skippen
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dora Matzke
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Heathcote
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corey G Wadsley
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim Silk
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Christian Hyde
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Dinisha Parmar
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ernest Pedapati
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Donald L Gilbert
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David A Huddleston
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stewart Mostofsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Inge Leunissen
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Hayley J MacDonald
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nahian S Chowdhury
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Gretton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tess Nikitenko
- Open Science Tools (PsychoPy) lab, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bram Zandbelt
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luke Strickland
- Future of Work Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
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Gunther KE, Brown KM, Fu X, MacNeill LA, Jones M, Ermanni B, Pérez-Edgar K. Mobile Eye Tracking Captures Changes in Attention Over Time During a Naturalistic Threat Paradigm in Behaviorally Inhibited Children. Affect Sci 2021; 2:495-505. [PMID: 35243351 PMCID: PMC8887870 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-021-00077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Attentional biases to and away from threat are considered hallmarks of temperamental Behavioral Inhibition (BI), which is a documented risk factor for social anxiety disorder. However, most research on affective attentional biases has traditionally been constrained to computer screens, where stimuli often lack ecological validity. Moreover, prior research predominantly focuses on momentary presentations of stimuli, rather than examining how attention may change over the course of prolonged exposure to salient people and objects. Here, in a sample of children oversampled for BI, we used mobile eye-tracking to examine attention to an experimenter wearing a "scary" or novel gorilla mask, as well as attention to the experimenter after mask removal as a recovery from exposure. Conditional growth curve modeling was used to examine how level of BI related to attentional trajectories over the course of the exposure. We found a main effect of BI in the initial exposure to the mask, with a positive association between level of BI and proportion of gaze allocated to the stranger's masked face over time. Additionally, there was a main effect of BI on proportion of gaze allocated to the stranger's face plus their mask during the recovery period when the mask was removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley E. Gunther
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Kayla M. Brown
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Xiaoxue Fu
- Department of Psychology, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | | | - Morgan Jones
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Briana Ermanni
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Koraly Pérez-Edgar
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
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Che Q, Yang P, Gao H, Liu M, Zhang J, Cai T. Application of the Chinese Version of the BIS/BAS Scales in Participants With a Substance Use Disorder: An Analysis of Psychometric Properties and Comparison With Community Residents. Front Psychol 2020; 11:912. [PMID: 32457687 PMCID: PMC7225352 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carver and White developed the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales (the BIS/BAS Scales) based on Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory proposed by Gray. Subsequent studies proposed that substance abuse was closely related to Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS). However, researches on the psychometric properties of the BIS/BAS scales in clinical samples are scarce. The present study was conducted to analyze the applicability of the BIS/BAS scales in a sample suffering from a substance use disorder (SUD) and undergoing treatment in compulsory detoxification institutions (n = 1117). Meanwhile, 822 community residents were selected for comparison. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to examine the construct validity and the results showed that the five-factor model was the best fit for people with a substance use disorder' data. Besides, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.808, indicating the satisfactory internal consistency reliability. Analysis of the correlation coefficient of the questionnaire with the corresponding personality traits showed that BAS was more associated with the impulsive trait. Surprisingly, participants with a substance use disorder showed more insensitivity for the reward dimension compared with that of community residents and the result of comparison between two samples supported joint subsystems hypothesis. Generally, the BIS/BAS scales showed good reliability and validity. These findings provide more direct evidence on the personality traits of people with a substance use disorder and should form the basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Che
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Peiwen Yang
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Meizhu Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan Judicial Police Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Taisheng Cai
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
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Sylvester CM, Smyser CD, Smyser T, Kenley J, Ackerman JJ, Shimony JS, Petersen SE, Rogers CE. Cortical Functional Connectivity Evident After Birth and Behavioral Inhibition at Age 2. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:180-187. [PMID: 28774192 PMCID: PMC5794627 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The infant temperament behavioral inhibition is a potent risk factor for development of an anxiety disorder. It is difficult to predict risk for behavioral inhibition at birth, however, and the neural underpinnings are poorly understood. The authors hypothesized that neonatal functional connectivity of the ventral attention network is related to behavioral inhibition at age 2 years beyond sociodemographic and familial factors. This hypothesis is supported by the ventral attention network's role in attention to novelty, a key feature of behavioral inhibition. METHOD Using a longitudinal design (N=45), the authors measured functional connectivity using MRI in neonates and behavioral inhibition at age 2 using the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Whole-brain connectivity maps were computed for regions from the ventral attention, default mode, and salience networks. Regression analyses related these maps to behavioral inhibition at age 2, covarying for sex, social risk, and motion during scanning. RESULTS Decreased neonatal functional connectivity of three connections was associated with increased behavioral inhibition at age 2. One connection (between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the right temporal-parietal junction) included the ventral attention network seed, and two connections (between the medial prefrontal cortex and both the right superior parietal lobule and the left lateral occipital cortex) included the default mode network seed. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal functional connectivity of the ventral attention and default mode networks is associated with behavioral inhibition at age 2. These results inform the developmental neurobiology of behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders and may aid in early risk assessment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher D. Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Tara Smyser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Jeanette Kenley
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Steve E. Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Cynthia E. Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine
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Stumper A, Danzig AP, Dyson MW, Olino TM, Carlson GA, Klein DN. Parents' behavioral inhibition moderates association of preschoolers' BI with risk for age 9 anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 2017; 210:35-42. [PMID: 28012350 PMCID: PMC5292064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI) in children predicts later anxiety disorders. However, many children with BI do not develop anxiety disorders, suggesting the importance of identifying moderating factors. The current study examined whether parents' history of BI moderates the associations between preschoolers' BI and anxiety disorders at age 9. METHODS The sample was 392 children and their parents from the community. Child BI was measured at age 3 using observational (Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery; Lab-TAB) and parent report (Behavior Inhibition Questionnaire; BIQ) measures. In addition, both parents reported on their own history of childhood BI using the Retrospective Measure of Behavioral Inhibition (RMBI). When the children were 9 years old, a parent and the child were interviewed using the Kiddie Schedule for the Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). RESULTS Parents' reports of their own BI moderated the associations of both observed and parent-reported child BI at age 3 with children's anxiety disorders at age 9. Among children whose parents reported having had higher childhood BI, those who exhibited high BI at age 3 were more likely to meet criteria for anxiety disorders at age 9. LIMITATIONS The major limitation is the use of a retrospective measure of parental BI. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that parents' histories of childhood BI moderate the association between their young children's BI and subsequent anxiety disorders. Thus, parental BI appears to identify a subgroup of BI children at particularly high risk for developing anxiety disorders by late childhood.
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Nozadi SS, Troller-Renfree S, White LK, Frenkel T, Degnan KA, Bar-Haim Y, Pine D, Fox NA. The Moderating Role of Attention Biases in understanding the link between Behavioral Inhibition and Anxiety. J Exp Psychopathol 2016; 7:451-65. [PMID: 30498566 DOI: 10.5127/jep.052515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to extend the results of White et al. (2015) by examining the moderating role of attention biases at age 5 on the relations between Behavioral Inhibition (BI) during toddlerhood and anxiety symptoms at age 10. Children's BI at 2 and 3 years of age was measured using laboratory assessments, and attention bias towards threat was assessed using a dot-probe task at age 5. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify the probability for children's membership in an anxiety class, which reflected primary anxiety at age 10 that was not comorbid with symptoms of inattention. Maternal and self-report measures of children's mental health, collected via questionnaires and semi-structured diagnostic interviews, were used as indicators for the LCA. The results revealed that threat-related attention biases moderated the relation between BI and anxiety, such that BI positively predicted the probability of being in the anxiety class only when children had an attention bias towards threat. BI was unrelated to anxiety when children had no attention bias or an attention bias away from threat. These results indicated that attention biases during preschool may differentiate between inhibited children who are at heightened risk for anxiety later in childhood from those who are not. The results are discussed in a framework detailing the role of attention biases in increasing the sensitivity for anxiety-related problems in children who display high levels of BI during early childhood.
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Moschak TM, Stang KA, Mitchell SH. Mice bred for severity of acute alcohol withdrawal respond differently in a go/no-go task. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:1483-90. [PMID: 23578203 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mice selectively bred for high or low withdrawal to acute alcohol differ on a number of traits, including consumption of alcohol, conditioned place preference for alcohol, and sensitivity to alcohol-induced locomotor activity. One trait that has not been examined in these mice is behavioral inhibition. METHODS High and low alcohol withdrawal mice (second replicate: high and low acute alcohol withdrawal [HAW-2/LAW-2]) were trained and tested in a Go/No-go task. Mice were administered 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) on 3 occasions according to an incomplete Latin Square. A separate cohort of C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice (the progenitor strains for HAW-2/LAW-2 mice) underwent the same protocol, using the same EtOH doses. RESULTS HAW-2 and LAW-2 mice did not differ in behavioral inhibition at baseline, although LAW-2 mice did have higher overall levels of responding in the task. EtOH did not alter behavioral inhibition in these mice. However, it did decrease responses to the Go cue, and this effect was greater in HAW-2 mice than in LAW-2 mice. D2 mice had lower behavioral inhibition than B6 mice at baseline, and EtOH slightly decreased behavioral inhibition in both strains. CONCLUSIONS The findings with D2 and B6 mice generally fit with the existing literature. However, the lack of a difference in behavioral inhibition between HAW-2 and LAW-2 mice was unexpected, as well as the absence of any effect of these doses of EtOH on behavioral inhibition in these mice. Nonetheless, the findings do suggest that selectively breeding for high or low withdrawal to acute alcohol can lead to differences in operant behavior in the Go/No-go task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M Moschak
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience L470, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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