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Ran S, Peng R, Guo Q, Cui J, Chen G, Wang Z. Bupleurum in Treatment of Depression Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:512. [PMID: 38675471 PMCID: PMC11054835 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of depression has been steadily rising in recent years, making it one of the most prevalent mental illnesses. As the pursuit of novel antidepressant drugs captivates the pharmaceutical field, the therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely explored. Chaihu (Bupleurum) has been traditionally used for liver conditions such as hepatitis, liver inflammation, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. It is believed to have hepatoprotective effects, promoting liver cell regeneration and protecting against liver damage. In addition, Bupleurum has also been used as a Jie Yu (depression-relieving) medicine in China, Japan, Republic of Korea, and other Asian countries for centuries. This review article aims to summarize the research conducted on the antidepressant properties and mechanisms of Bupleurum, as well as discuss the potential of TCM formulas containing Bupleurum. This review highlights various antidepressant ingredients isolated from Bupleurum, including saikosaponin A, saikosaponin D, rutin, puerarin, and quercetin, each with distinct mechanisms of action. Additionally, Chinese herb prescriptions and extracts containing Bupleurum, such as Chaihu Shugansan, Xiaoyaosan, and Sinisan, are also included due to their demonstrated antidepressant effects. This review reveals that these Bupleurum compounds exhibit antidepressant effects through the regulation of neurotransmitter mechanisms (such as 5-HT and DA), the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) system, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and other intracellular signaling pathways. Collectively, this comprehensive review provides insights into the multiple applications of Bupleurum in the treatment of depression and highlights its potential as an alternative or complementary approach to traditional therapies. However, it is essential to consider the potential adverse effects and clinical restrictions of Bupleurum despite its promising potential. Further research is needed to elucidate its specific mechanisms of action and evaluate its effectiveness in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gang Chen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.R.); (R.P.); (Q.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Ziying Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.R.); (R.P.); (Q.G.); (J.C.)
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Zhang S, Jia Y, Ma G, Yang Y, Cao Z, Luo A, Zhang Z, Li S, Wen J, Liu H, Ma J. Bupleurum exerts antiarrhythmic effects by inhibiting L-type calcium channels in mouse ventricular myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149322. [PMID: 38039833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupleurum (Bup), is a traditional effective medicine to treat colds and fevers in clinics. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Bup exhibites various biological activities, including cardioprotective effects, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects, etc. Currently, the effects of Bup on cardiac electrophysiology have not been reported yet. METHODS Electrocardiogram recordings were used to investigate the effects of Bup on aconitine-induced arrhythmias. Patch-clamp techniques were used to explore the effects of Bup on APs and ion currents. RESULTS Bup reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and delayed the onset time of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in mice. Additionally, Bup (40 mg/mL) suppressed DADs induced by high-Ca2+ and shortened action potential duration at 50 % completion of repolarization (APD50) and action potential duration at 90 % completion of repolarization (APD90) to 60.89 % ± 8.40 % and 68.94 % ± 3.24 % of the control, respectively. Moreover, Bup inhibited L-type calcium currents (ICa.L) in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 25.36 mg/mL. Furthermore, Bup affected the gated kinetics of L-type calcium channels by slowing down steady-state activation, accelerating the steady-state inactivation, and delaying the inactivation-recovery process. However, Bup had no effects on the Transient sodium current (INa.T), ATX II-increased late sodium current (INa.L), transient outward current (Ito), delayed rectifier potassium current (IK), or inward rectifier potassium current (IK1). CONCLUSION Bup is an antiarrhythmic agent that may exert its antiarrhythmic effects by inhibiting L-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yuzhong Jia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guolan Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Antao Luo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Zefu Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shihan Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hanfeng Liu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jihua Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China; Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
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Teng L, Guo X, Ma Y, Xu L, Wei J, Xiao P. A comprehensive review on traditional and modern research of the genus Bupleurum (Bupleurum L., Apiaceae) in recent 10 years. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 306:116129. [PMID: 36638855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Bupleurum (family Apiaceae), comprising approximately 248 accepted species, is widely distributed and used in China, Japan, India, Central Asia, North Africa and some European countries as traditional herbal medicines. Certain species have been reported to have significant therapeutic effects in fever, inflammatory disorders, cancer, gastric ulcer, virus infection and other diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW we performed a comprehensive review of the ten-year research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, along with bibliometrics research of the genus Bupleurum, aiming to identify knowledge gaps for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the literatures are retrieved from library and electronic sources including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, CNKI and Baidu Scholar. These papers cover studies of the traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Bupleurum. RESULTS There is a long history of using the genus Bupleurum in traditional herbal medicine that dated back to over 2000 years ago. Twenty-five species and 8 varieties with 3 variants within this genus have been reported to be effective to treat fever, pain, liver disease, inflammation, thoracolumbar pain, irregular menstruation and rectal prolapse. The main phytochemicals found in these plants are triterpene saponins, volatile oil, flavonoid, lignans, and polysaccharides. Many of these compounds have also been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, immunoregulation, neuroregulation, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activities. Meanwhile, improper usage of Bupleurum may induce cytotoxic effects, and polyacetylenes may be the main poisonous compounds. CONCLUSIONS This article summarized recent findings about Bupleurum research from many different aspects. While a small number of Bupleurum species have been investigated through modern pharmacology methods, there are still major knowledge gaps due to inadequate studies and ambiguous findings. Future research could focus on more specific phytochemistry studies combined with mechanistic analysis to provide better guidance to utilize Bupleurum as medicinal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Teng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Xinwei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yuzhi Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Wang P, Bai J, Li X, Liu T, Yan Y, Yang Y, Li H. Phylogenetic relationship and comparative analysis of the main Bupleuri Radix species in China. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15157. [PMID: 37077311 PMCID: PMC10108860 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine derived from Bupleurum, Apiaceae. The origin of cultivated Chaihu germplasm in China is unclear, which has led to unstable Chaihu quality. In this study, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the main Chaihu germplasm species in China and identified potential molecular markers to authenticate its origin. Methods Three Bupleurum species (eight individuals), B. bicaule, B. chinense, and B. scorzonerifolium, were selected for genome skimming. Published genomes from B. falcatum and B. marginatum var. stenophyllum were used for comparative analysis. Results Sequences of the complete plastid genomes were conserved with 113 identical genes ranging from 155,540 to 155,866 bp in length. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on complete plastid genomes resolved intrageneric relationships of the five Bupleurum species with high support. Conflicts between the plastid and nuclear phylogenies were observed, which were mainly ascribed to introgressive hybridization. Comparative analysis showed that noncoding regions of the plastomes had most of the variable sequences. Eight regions (atpF-atpH, petN-psbM, rps16-psbK, petA-psbJ, ndhC-trnV/UAC and ycf1) had high divergence values in Bupleurum species and could be promising DNA barcodes for Chaihu authentication. A total of seven polymorphic cpSSRs and 438 polymorphic nSSRs were detected across the five Chaihu germplasms. Three photosynthesis-related genes were under positive selection, of which accD reflected the adaptation fingerprint of B. chinense to different ecological habitats. Our study provides valuable genetic information for phylogenetic investigation, germplasm authentication, and molecular breeding of Chaihu species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiqing Bai
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Xianyang Food and Drug Administration, Xianyang, China
| | | | - Yumeng Yan
- Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
| | | | - Huaizhu Li
- Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
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Sun J, Duan Z, Zhang Y, Cao S, Tang Z, Abozeid A. Metabolite Profiles Provide Insights into Underlying Mechanism in Bupleurum (Apiaceae) in Response to Three Levels of Phosphorus Fertilization. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:752. [PMID: 35336634 PMCID: PMC8952368 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency affects plant yield and quality, yet at the same time, excessive phosphorus application does not necessarily promote the growth of plants. How to maintain a balance between biomass accumulation and phosphorus application is a problem. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between yield and quality of Bupleurum and phosphorus fertilization, based on three phosphorus fertilization levels (20 kg∙ha-1; 10 kg∙ha-1; and 0 kg∙ha-1). We adopted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to assess the response of primary metabolites of different plant tissues (flowers, main shoots, lateral shoots and roots) to phosphorus fertilization. At the same time, high-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D, the main active ingredients of Bupleurum. Our research showed that low phosphorus level application has a positive impact on the yield and quality of Bupleurum, especially the above-ground parts increasing the fresh weight of flowers and lateral shoots and the length of main shoots, and moreover, increasing the saikosaponins content in all above-ground parts while decreasing the content in roots which show no significance increase in fresh weight and length. However, high phosphorus level showed a negative impact as it decreases the saikosaponins content significantly in flowers and roots. Furthermore, phosphorus application changed the proportion of saikosaponins, promoting the content of saikosaponin A and inhibiting the content of saikosaponin D in most organs of Bupleurum. Therefore, we can say that high phosphorus application is not preferable to the yield and quality of Bupleurum. To identify the metabolic pathways and special key metabolites, a total of 73 metabolites were discovered, and four differential metabolites-ether, glycerol, chlorogenic and L-rhamnose-were considered to be the key metabolites of Bupleurum's response to phosphorus fertilization. Furthermore, Bupleurum's response to phosphorus fertilization was mainly related to metabolic pathways, such as starch and sucrose metabolism and galactose metabolism. Under the phosphorus level, the content of sugars, organic acids and their derivatives, polyols and their derivatives and alkyl were upregulated in flowers. Furthermore, the contents of compounds in the main shoot and lateral shoots showed the same upward trend, except glycosides and polyols and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.S.); (Z.D.); (Y.Z.)
- Biological Science and Technology Department, Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin 150066, China
| | - Zejia Duan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.S.); (Z.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.S.); (Z.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sisi Cao
- Medical Department, Harbin Vocational & Technical College, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.S.); (Z.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ann Abozeid
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom 32511, Egypt
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Huang R, Xie X, Chen A, Li F, Tian E, Chao Z. The chloroplast genomes of four Bupleurum (Apiaceae) species endemic to Southwestern China, a diversity center of the genus, as well as their evolutionary implications and phylogenetic inferences. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:714. [PMID: 34600494 PMCID: PMC8487540 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the largest genera in Apiaceae, Bupleurum L. is well known for its high medicinal value. The genus has frequently attracted the attention of evolutionary biologist and taxonomist for its distinctive characteristics in the Apiaceae family. Although some chloroplast genomes data have been now available, the changes in the structure of chloroplast genomes and selective pressure in the genus have not been fully understood. In addition, few of the species are endemic to Southwest China, a distribution and diversity center of Chinese Bupleurum. Endemic species are key components of biodiversity and ecosystems, and investigation of the chloroplast genomes features of endemic species in Bupleurum will be helpful to develop a better understanding of evolutionary process and phylogeny of the genus. In this study, we analyzed the sequences of whole chloroplast genomes of 4 Southwest China endemic Bupleurum species in comparison with the published data of 17 Bupleurum species to determine the evolutionary characteristics of the genus and the phylogenetic relationships of Asian Bupleurum. Results The complete chloroplast genome sequences of the 4 endemic Bupleurum species are 155,025 bp to 155,323 bp in length including a SSC and a LSC region separated by a pair of IRs. Comparative analysis revealed an identical chloroplast gene content across the 21 Bupleurum species, including a total of 114 unique genes (30 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes and 80 protein-coding genes). Chloroplast genomes of the 21 Bupleurum species showed no rearrangements and a high sequence identity (96.4–99.2%). They also shared a similar tendency of SDRs and SSRs, but differed in number (59–83). In spite of their high conservation, they contained some mutational hotspots, which can be potentially exploited as high-resolution DNA barcodes for species discrimination. Selective pressure analysis showed that four genes were under positive selection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 21 Bupleurum formed two major clades, which are likely to correspond to their geographical distribution. Conclusions The chloroplast genome data of the four endemic Bupleurum species provide important insights into the characteristics and evolution of chloroplast genomes of this genu, and the phylogeny of Bupleurum. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08008-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Xuena Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Enwei Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zhi Chao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China. .,Faculty of Medicinal Plants and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Yu M, Chen H, Liu Q, Huang J, Semagn K, Liu D, Li Y, Yang B, He Y, Sui C, Hou D, Wei J. Analysis of unigenes involved in lateral root development in Bupleurum chinense and B. scorzonerifolium. Planta 2021; 253:128. [PMID: 34037846 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We identified IAA13 negatively associated with lateral root number by comparing the differential expressed genes between Bupleurum chinense and B. scorzonerifolium. Dried roots of the genus Bupleurum L. are used as a herbal medicine for diseases in Asia. Bupleurum chinense has a greater number of lateral roots than B. scorzonerifolium, but the genetic mechanisms for such differences are largely unknown. We (a) compared the transcriptome profiles of the two species and (b) identified a subset of candidate genes involved in auxin signal transduction and explored their functions in lateral root development. By isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) analyses of the whole plant, more unigenes were found in B. scorzonerifolium (118,868) than in B. chinense (93,485). Given the overarching role of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as one of the major regulators of lateral root development, we identified 539 unigenes associated with auxin signal transduction. Fourteen and 44 unigenes in the pathway were differentially expressed in B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium, respectively, and 3 unigenes (LAX2, LAX4, and IAA13) were expressed in both species. The number of lateral root primordia increased after exogenous auxin application at 8 h and 12 h in B. scorzonerifolium and B. chinense, respectively. Since overexpression of IAA13 in Arabidopsis reduced the number of lateral roots, we hypothesized that IAA13 is involved in the reduction of the number of lateral roots in B. scorzonerifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Yibin Inspection and Testing Centre for Food and Medicine, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Kassa Semagn
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), M'bé Research Station, 01 B.P. 2551, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Biomass Energy, Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Sichuan Province, 401 Huayuantan Road, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuchan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilian He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Sui
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dabin Hou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Sui C, Han WJ, Zhu CR, Wei JH. Recent Progress in Saikosaponin Biosynthesis in Bupleurum. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:329-340. [PMID: 32957882 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021999200918101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chaihu is a popular traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for centuries. It is traditionally used to treat cold fever and liver-related diseases. Saikosaponins (SSs) are one of the main active components of chaihu, in addition to essential oils, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Considerable effort is needed to reveal the biosynthesis and regulation of SSs on the basis of current progress. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to provide a reference for further studies and arouse attention by summarizing the recent achievements of SS biosynthesis. METHODS All the data compiled and presented here were obtained from various online resources, such as PubMed Scopus and Baidu Scholar in Chinese, up to October 2019. RESULTS A few genes of the enzymes of SSs participating in the biosynthesis of SSs were isolated. Among these genes, only the P450 gene was verified to catalyze the SS skeleton β-amyrin synthase. Several UDP-glycosyltransferase genes were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of SSs. SSs could be largely biosynthesized in the phloem and then transported from the protoplasm, which is the biosynthetic site, to the vacuoles to avoid self-poisoning. As for the other secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of SSs was strongly affected by environmental factors and the different species belonging to the genus of Bupleurum. Transcriptional regulation was studied at the molecular level. CONCLUSION Profound discoveries in SSs may elucidate the mechanism of diverse the monomer formation of SSs and provide a reference for maintaining the stability of SS content in Radix Bupleuri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Sui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen-Jing Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chu-Ran Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-He Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials), Beijing 100193, China
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Zhang G, Kong W, Wang Q, Lu F, Jin Y, Jiang J, Shi L. A The complete chloroplast genome and phylogenetic analysis of Bupleurum yinchowense Shan & Yin Li. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:1233-1235. [PMID: 33855176 PMCID: PMC8018508 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1866465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Bupleurum yinchowense Shan & Yin Li was first described as a new Bupleurum species in 1974, but its classification status has always been disputed. Here, its complete chloroplast genome was provided to resolve this issue. The length of the B. yinchowense chloroplast genome is 155,851 bp and composed of two inverted repeats (IR: 26,307 bp), a large single-copy region (LSC: 85,625 bp), and a small single-copy region (SSC: 17,612 bp). The overall GC content is 37.6%. The chloroplast genome consists of 113 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, four rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Bupleurum yinchowense holds a distinct phylogenetic position and can be considered as an accepted species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaixia Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhua Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiemei Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linchun Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Huang R, Xie X, Li F, Tian E, Chao Z. Chloroplast genomes of two Mediterranean Bupleurum species and the phylogenetic relationship inferred from combined analysis with East Asian species. Planta 2021; 253:81. [PMID: 33765202 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast genomes of Mediterranean Bupleurum species are reported for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis supports the species as a basal clade of Bupleurum with divergence time at 35.40 Ma. Bupleurum is one of the most species-rich genus with high medicinal value in Apiaceae. Although infrageneric classifications of Bupleurum have been the subject of numerous studies, it still remains controversial. Chloroplast genome information will prove essential in advancing our understanding on phylogenetic study. Here we report cp genomes of two woody Bupleurum species (Bupleurum gibraltaricum and B. fruticosum) endemic to Mediterranean. The complete cp genomes of the two species were 157,303 and 157,391 bp in size, respectively. They encoded 114 unique genes including 30 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes and 80 protein coding genes. Genome structure, distributions of SDRs and SSRs, gene content exhibited similarities among Bupleurum species. High variable hotspots were detected in eight intergenic spacers and four genes. Most of genes were under purifying selection with two exceptions: atpF and clpP. The phylogenetic analysis based on 80 coding genes revealed that the genus was divided into 2 distinct clades corresponding to the 2 subgenera (subg. Penninervia, subg. Bupleurum) with divergence time at the end of collision of India with Eurasia. Most species diversified mainly during the later period of uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The cp genomes of the two Bupleurum species can be significant complementary to insights into the cp genome characteristics of this genus. The comparative chloroplast genomes and phylogenetic analysis advances our understanding of the evolution of cp genomes and phylogeny in Bupleurum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuena Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Enwei Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhi Chao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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11
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Tykheev ZA, Anenkhonov OA, Zhigzhitzhapova SV, Taraskin VV, Radnaeva LD, Zhang F. Do Compositions of Lipid Fraction Correspond to Species Differentiation in Bupleurum L. (Apiaceae)? Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1407. [PMID: 33105747 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bupleurum L. has been widely used in various medical systems as an agent with a wide range of activities. The qualitative composition and content of lipid fraction components of the aerial parts of B. longifolium and B. chinense were elucidated in this work. The available data on the fatty acids (FAs) in Bupleurum plants were compiled and compared with species differentiation in the genus. As a result, the content of FAs in the studied Bupleurum plant species only partially corresponded to the species differentiation and, in some cases, contradicted it. The prognostic value of Bupleurum's species differentiation for the identification of the potential composition of FAs was insignificant, and it was limited only by particular groups of species. This suggests that a complete phytochemical study of Bupleurum species needs to be conducted to determine the composition of FAs and to identify which species have a similar composition.
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12
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Yu M, Chen H, Liu SH, Li YC, Sui C, Hou DB, Wei JH. Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Saikosaponin Biosynthesis Between Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. Front Genet 2020; 11:583245. [PMID: 33193712 PMCID: PMC7596549 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.583245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Bupleuri (roots of Bupleurum spp.) is an important medicinal herb. Triterpenoid saponins of saikosaponins generally constitute the main class of secondary metabolites of plants in the Bupleurum genus. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying their biosynthesis remains elusive. In this study, we observed significantly different saikosaponin biosynthesis between Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium at the seedling stage. The sequential and expression characterization of 232 genes in the triterpenoid saponin biosynthetic pathway, which includes the mevalonate (MVA) pathway and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, between B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium was also investigated. Sixty of these genes may be involved in saikosaponin biosynthesis. Manipulation of these genes, especially those of the β-AS, P450, and UGT families, may improve saikosaponin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Shi-Hang Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Chan Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Chun Sui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Bin Hou
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Jian-He Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Li J, Xie DF, Guo XL, Zheng ZY, He XJ, Zhou SD. Comparative Analysis of the Complete Plastid Genome of Five Bupleurum Species and New Insights into DNA Barcoding and Phylogenetic Relationship. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E543. [PMID: 32331381 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bupleurum L. (Apiaceae) is a perennial and herbal genus, most species of which have high medicinal value. However, few studies have been performed using plastome data in this genus, and the phylogenetic relationships have always been controversial. In this study, the plastid genomes of Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum commelynoideum were sequenced, and their gene content, order, and structure were counted and analyzed. The only three published Bupleurum species (B. boissieuanum, B. falcatum, and B. latissimum) and other fifteen allied species were selected to conduct a series of comparative and phylogenetic analyses. The genomes of B. chinense and B. commelynoideum were 155,869 and 155,629 bp in length, respectively, both of which had a typical quadripartite structure. The genome length, structure, guanine and cytosine (GC) content, and gene distribution were highly similar to the other three Bupleurum species. The five Bupleurum species had nearly the same codon usages, and eight regions (petN-psbM, rbcL-accD, ccsA-ndhD, trnK(UUU)-rps16, rpl32-trnL(UAG)-ccsA, petA-psbJ, ndhF-rpl32, and trnP(UGG)-psaJ-rpl33) were found to possess relatively higher nucleotide diversity, which may be the promising DNA barcodes in Bupleurum. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Bupleurum species clustered into a monophyletic clade with high bootstrap support and diverged after the Chamaesium clade. Overall, our study provides new insights into DNA barcoding and phylogenetic relationship between Bupleurum and its related genera, and will facilitate the population genomics, conservation genetics, and phylogenetics of Bupleurum in Apiaceae.
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14
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Liu ZZ, Weng HB, Zhang LJ, Pan LY, Sun W, Chen HX, Chen MY, Zeng T, Zhang YY, Chen DF, Li H. Bupleurum polysaccharides ameliorated renal injury in diabetic mice associated with suppression of HMGB1-TLR4 signaling. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:641-9. [PMID: 31526499 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5364(19)30078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bupleurum polysaccharides (BPs) is isolated from Bupleurum smithii var. parvifolium, a key traditional Chinese medicine. The study was to investigate the effects of BPs on diabetic kidney injury. After two intraperitoneal injections of streptozotozin (STZ) 100 mg·kg-1, renal injury in diabetic mice was induced and BPs was orally administrated at dosages of 30 and 60 mg·kg-1·d-1. The STZ injected mice developed renal function damage, renal inflammation and fibrosis known as diabetic kidney disease (DKD). BPs significantly reduced serum creatinine level and urinary albumin excretion rate, with the attenuated swelling of kidneys. BPs treatment obviously alleviated the pathological damage of renal tissue. The progression of renal injury in BPs treated mice was inhibited with less expression of type IV collagen (Col IV), fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The inhibition of inflammation in kidney was associated with the reduced level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). BPs administration suppressed the over-expression of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) with lowered activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in renal tissue of diabetic mice. Oral administration of BPs effectively prevented the development ofrenal injury in diabetic mice. This study suggested that the protection provided by BPs might affect through the interruption of HMGB1-TLR4 pathway, leading to the inhibition of renal inflammation and fibrotic process.
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Yang L, Xiong F, Xiao Y, Li J, Chen C, Zhou G. The complete chloroplast genome of Bupleurum longicaule var. strictum, an annual herb endemic to China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:899-901. [PMID: 33366803 PMCID: PMC7748523 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1718024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bupleurum species are well-known for their antipyretic, analgesic, gallbladder and other functions so that they are very popular in traditional Chinese medicine. However, to our knowledge, there is no completed chloroplast genome of Bupleurum genus in China. In the present study, we determined the complete chloroplast genome sequences for Bupleurum longicaule var. strictum using IIumina sequencing. Bupleurum longicaule var. strictum is 155,578 bp which is composed of two inverted repeats (IR: 26,257bp), a large single copy region (LSC: 86,977 bp), and a small single-copy region (SSC: 16,087 bp). The overall AT content is 65.32%. The chloroplast genome includes a total of 51 functional genes including 15 protein-coding genes and 36 tRNA. A total of 10 genes were duplicated in the IR regions including seven tRNA and three protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that B. longicaule var. strictum formed a monophyletic clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucun Yang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, China.,Research Center for Biological Resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Xiao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, China.,Research Center for Biological Resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, China.,Research Center for Biological Resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, China
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16
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Yang YJ, Zheng W, Guo JQ, Fang W, Ma BP, Guo BL, Peng YX, Zhang DJ. [Comparative analysis on chemical constituents in Bupleurum chinense,B. marginatum,B. marginatum var. stenophyllum and B. smithii var. parvifolium]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:332-337. [PMID: 30989954 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20181009.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to analyze the chemical differences in Bupleurum. chinense,B. marginatum,B. marginatum var. stenophyllum and B. smithii var. parvifolium. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an Acquity HSS T3 C_(18) column( 2. 1 mm ×100 mm,1. 8 μm,Waters) with the mobile phase composed of 0. 1% formic acid in water-acetonitrile in the gradient elution. A hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry( Q-TOF-MS~E) was used for mass spectrometric analysis. Finally,25 peaks were identified based on their exact mass data and fragmentation characteristics. B.chinense,B.marginatum,B. marginatum var. stenophyllum and B. smithii var. parvifolium were obviously clustered into 3 types through processing by principal component analysis( PCA). There was almost no difference between B. chinense and B. marginatum. However,the compounds existed in B. chinense were different from those in B. marginatum var. stenophyllum,and B. smithii var. parvifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing 100850,China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing 100850,China
| | - Jia-Qi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Bai-Ping Ma
- Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing 100850,China
| | - Bao-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Yun-Xia Peng
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou 730070,China
| | - Dong-Jia Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou 730070,China
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17
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Li XQ, Song YN, Wang SJ, Rahman K, Zhu JY, Zhang H. Saikosaponins: a review of pharmacological effects. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2018; 20:399-411. [PMID: 29726699 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1465937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a number of phytochemicals have been reported to possess potent pharmacological effects. Saikosaponins represent a group of oleanane derivatives, usually as glucosides, which are commonly found in medicinal plants Bupleurum spp., which have been used as traditional Chinese medicine for more than 1,000 years in China. Emerging evidence suggests that saikosaponins have many pharmacological effects, including sedation, anticonvulsant, antipyretic, antiviral, immunity, anti-inflammation, antitumor properties, protecting liver and kidney and so on. The present review provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of the pharmacological properties of saikosaponins, supporting the potential uses of saikosaponins as a medicinal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Li
- a School of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu 611137 , China
- b Central Laboratory , Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM , Shanghai 200137 , China
| | - Ya-Nan Song
- b Central Laboratory , Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM , Shanghai 200137 , China
| | - Su-Juan Wang
- b Central Laboratory , Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM , Shanghai 200137 , China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- c Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool L3 3AF , UK
| | - Jian-Yong Zhu
- b Central Laboratory , Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM , Shanghai 200137 , China
| | - Hong Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu 611137 , China
- b Central Laboratory , Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM , Shanghai 200137 , China
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18
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Ashour ML, Youssef FS, Gad HA, El-Readi MZ, Bouzabata A, Abuzeid RM, Sobeh M, Wink M. Evidence for the anti-inflammatory activity of Bupleurum marginatum (Apiaceae) extracts using in vitro and in vivo experiments supported by virtual screening. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:952-963. [PMID: 29611204 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the potential anti-inflammatory activity of Bupleurum marginatum extracts using in vitro and in vivo studies supported by virtual screening. METHODS Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH˙ and inhibition of 2-deoxyribose degradation assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined in vitro by measuring the suppression of prostaglandin E2 release (PGE2 ) in pancreatic cancer cells (MIA-PaCa-2) and the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase whereas the rat paw oedema was used in vivo. The major constituents were docked in 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-II active sites. KEY FINDINGS Methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts showed IC50 of 46.99 and 162.99 μg/ml in the DPPH˙, 1.52 and 2.12 μg/ml in inhibition of 2-deoxyribose degradation assays, respectively. They reduced PGE2 release by 41.33 and 52.85% at 25 μg/ml and inhibited 5-lipoxygenase with IC50 of 45.28 and 25.92 μg/ml, respectively. 50 and 70% reduction in the diameter of the carrageenan-induced rat paws with methanol and DCM extracts, respectively, with a marked decline in the inflammation score was observed. Rutin, a predominating compound, showed a strong interaction with the key amino acids in 5-LOX active site with interaction energy of -74.59 kcal/mol. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence for an interesting anti-inflammatory activity of B. marginatum aerial parts offering a natural anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.,Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy A Gad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Z El-Readi
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Abdia, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amel Bouzabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Badji-Mokhtar University, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Riham M Abuzeid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Liu YM, Zhou A, Yu NJ, Han RC, Zhang W, Zhu YJ, Cao Y, Li XY, Peng DY. [Simultaneous determination of five saponins in Bupleuri Radix by HPLC-DAD dual wavelength method]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2018; 43:363-368. [PMID: 29552856 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20171027.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy ether type and isophthalene type saponin are the main saponins of Bupleurum chinense. However,due to the difference of their UV spectrum,there is no quantitative method for simultaneous determination of these two kinds of saponins. In this paper,a dual-wavelength high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was developed for simultaneous determination of five saponins in epoxidized ether(saikosaponin a,c,d) and isosorbide type(saikosaponin b1,b2). The mobile phase was eluted with acetonitrile-water(0.1% phosphoric acid) gradient at a column temperature of 30 °C and a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min⁻¹. The detection wavelengths were 208 nm for saikosaponins a,c, and d, and 254 nm for saikosaponins b₁ and b₂. The results showed that the separation of five kinds of saikosaponin was good, with the linear range of 9.70-1 935.00(r=0.999 4),8.20-1 380.00(r=0.999 3),6.90-1 640.00(r=0.999 0),5.25-630.00(r=0.999 4), and 5.15-618.00 mg·L⁻¹(r=0.999 5), respectively. The average recoveries were 97.70%-100.2% and the RSD was less than 3%(n=6). The method is simple,rapid and reproducible. It can be used for the determination of five kinds of saikosaponins in B. chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Liu
- The Experimental Research Center,School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - An Zhou
- The Experimental Research Center,School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Nian-Jun Yu
- The Experimental Research Center,School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Rong-Chun Han
- The Experimental Research Center,School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Experimental Research Center,School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yue-Jian Zhu
- Anhui Puren Prepared Slices of Chinese Crude, Bozhou 236800, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Anhui Jiren Phaumaceutical Co., Bozhou 236800, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- Anhui Jiren Phaumaceutical Co., Bozhou 236800, China
| | - Dai-Yin Peng
- The Experimental Research Center,School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
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20
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Lin M, Zhang W, Su J. Toxic polyacetylenes in the genus Bupleurum (Apiaceae) - Distribution, toxicity, molecular mechanism and analysis. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:566-573. [PMID: 27693772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Bupleurum includes approximately 200 species that are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, Eurasia and North Africa. Certain species of this genus have long been used as antiphlogistic, antipyretic and analgesic agents in traditional folk medicine. As described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the roots of Bupleurum chinense DC. and B. scorzonerifolium Willd. are the herbal materials that compose Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri), a well-known TCM herb. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide up-to-date and comprehensive information regarding the distribution, toxicity, molecular mechanism and relatively new methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of polyacetylenes in different Bupleurum species. METHOD The information needed for this paper were sourced from publishing sites such as Elsevier, science Direct, PubMed; electronic search engines such as Scopus and Web of Science, Google scholar; other scientific database sites for chemicals such as ChemSpider, PubChem, SciFinder, and also from on line books. RESULTS Polyacetylenes, which are widely distributed in genus Bupleurum of the Apiaceae family, have high toxicity. Among polyacetylenes, bupleurotoxin, acetylbupleurotoxin and oenanthotoxin have strong neurotoxicity. Through previous research, it was found that the toxicity of Bupleurum polyacetylenes manifested as epileptic seizures, with the target of toxicity being the brain. The neurotoxicity of polyacetylenes exhibits a relationship with the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor pathway, and polyacetylenes have been shown to inhibit GABA-induced currents (IGABA) in a competitive manner. CONCLUSIONS The plants of genus Bupleurum have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. However, certain species of this genus are poisonous, and it was attributed to the high content of polyacetylenes. The present review indicates that certain polyacetylenes in the genus Bupleurum have highly neurotoxic effects. The major challenge with regard to toxic polyacetylenes is to test their neurotoxic effects in vivo as well as in further preclinical studies, which will require large amounts of purified polyacetylenes. More reference substances should be prepared, and sophisticated analytical technologies should be developed to comprehensively assess the quality of Radix Bupleuri herbs. These investigations will be helpful for further utilization of the plants of genus Bupleurum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Juan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Gevrenova R, Kondeva-Burdina M, Denkov N, Zheleva-Dimitrova D. Flavonoid profiles of three Bupleurum species and in vitro hepatoprotective of activity Bupleurum flavum Forsk. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:14-23. [PMID: 25709205 PMCID: PMC4329614 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.149680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bupleurum L. (Aspiaceae) species are used as herbal remedy in Chinese traditional medicine. Objective: The aim was to investigate the flavonoids in three annual European Bupleurum species, including B. baldense, B. affine and B. flavum, and to test their antioxidant and possible hepatoprotective effects. Materials and Methods: Flavonoids from the methanol-aqueous extracts were quantified by solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography. Bupleurum extracts (1–220 mg/ml) were tested for their antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays, as well as on isolated liver rat microsomes. In vitro hepatoprotective activity of B. flavum flavonoid (BFF) mixture and rutin, and narcissin, isolated from the same mixture, were evaluated on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) toxicity models in isolated rat hepatocytes. Results: Narcissin was the dominant flavonol glycoside in B. flavum being present at 24.21 ± 0.19 mg/g, whilst the highest content of rutin (28.63 ± 1.57 mg/g) was found in B. baldense. B. flavum possessed the strongest DPPH (IC50 22.12 μg/ml) and ABTS (IC50 118.15 μg/ml) activity. At a concentration 1 mg/ml of BFF (rutin 197.58 mg/g, narcissin 75.74 mg/g), a stronger antioxidant effect in microsomes was evidenced in comparison with silymarin, rutin and narcissin. The hepatoprotective effect of BFF significantly reduced the elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde, and ameliorated glutathione, being most active in t-BuOOH-induced injury model when compared with CCl4 toxicity (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In BFF, synergism of rutin and narcissin could be responsible for stronger protection against mitochondrial induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reneta Gevrenova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Denkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Abstract
We tested 4 markers, namely nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), psbA-trnH, matK, and rbcL, to evaluate these candidate DNA barcodes for distinguishing Bupleuri radix (Chaihu) from its adulterants. 51 plant samples of Bupleurum representing 19 species were collected from different areas in China. Amplification and sequencing were attempted for all the 4 candidate barcode regions, whose validity was assessed in terms of the success rate of PCR amplification and sequencing, differential intra- and inter-specific divergences, DNA barcoding gap and the ability to discriminate species. The results showed that ITS2 had the best performance in identifying Bupleurum with an identification efficiency of 73.68%, which, after combining with psbA-trnH, increased to 83.33%. We further evaluated the efficiency of ITS2 for discriminating the species of Bupleurum using a large database from GenBank, which archived data of 223 samples from 74 species, and ITS2 successfully discriminated 64.13% of the samples at the species level. In conclusion, the ITS2 can serve as a potentially useful barcode for Bupleurum species, with psbA-trnH as a supplementary locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Weiping Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Beijing Royal Intergrative Medicine Hospital, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Research & Development Center, Infinitus (China) Company Limited, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Zhenbiao Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Liang Z, Oh K, Wang Y, Yi T, Chen H, Zhao Z. Cell type-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of saikosaponins in three Bupleurum species using laser microdissection and liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 97:157-65. [PMID: 24863374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell type-specific metabolite analysis is a promising method for understanding plant metabolite production, function, transport and storage. In the present study, laser microdissection (LMD) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry are combined to determine where secondary metabolites are accumulated in the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd, Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum falcatum L. Four tissues, namely cork, cortex, phloem and xylem, were microdissected by laser microdissection, and their chemical profiles were analyzed. The main metabolites are saikosaponins. Different tissues contained different saikosaponins. Generally, the cork and cortex from all three species contained more types of saikosaponins and higher contents of saikosaponins a, c and d than did the phloem and xylem. Interestingly, in the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium and B. falcatum, the cork contained much higher contents of saikosaponins a, c and d than did the cortex; while in the root of B. chinense, the cortex contained higher contents of saikosaponins a, c and d than the cork. Explanation and application of the results are discussed. The present findings yield valuable insights into the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix by morphological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Kayan Oh
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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