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Lo J, Mehta K, Dhillon A, Huang YK, Luo Z, Nam MH, Al Diri I, Chang KC. Therapeutic strategies for glaucoma and optic neuropathies. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101219. [PMID: 37839232 PMCID: PMC10841486 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative eye disease that causes permanent vision impairment. The main pathological characteristics of glaucoma are retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve degeneration. Glaucoma can be caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), although some cases are congenital or occur in patients with normal IOP. Current glaucoma treatments rely on medicine and surgery to lower IOP, which only delays disease progression. First-line glaucoma medicines are supported by pharmacotherapy advancements such as Rho kinase inhibitors and innovative drug delivery systems. Glaucoma surgery has shifted to safer minimally invasive (or microinvasive) glaucoma surgery, but further trials are needed to validate long-term efficacy. Further, growing evidence shows that adeno-associated virus gene transduction and stem cell-based RGC replacement therapy hold potential to treat optic nerve fiber degeneration and glaucoma. However, better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of RGC development is needed to provide insight into RGC differentiation from stem cells and help choose target genes for viral therapy. In this review, we overview current progress in RGC development research, optic nerve fiber regeneration, and human stem cell-derived RGC differentiation and transplantation. We also provide an outlook on perspectives and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kamakshi Mehta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Armaan Dhillon
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yu-Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ziming Luo
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Mi-Hyun Nam
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Issam Al Diri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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2
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Ying C, Zhang J, Zhang H, Gao S, Guo X, Lin J, Wu H, Hong Y. Stem cells in central nervous system diseases: Promising therapeutic strategies. Exp Neurol 2023; 369:114543. [PMID: 37743001 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are a leading cause of death and disability. Due to CNS neurons have no self-renewal and regenerative ability as they mature, their loss after injury or disease is irreversible and often leads to functional impairments. Unfortunately, therapeutic options for CNS diseases are still limited, and effective treatments for these notorious diseases are warranted to be explored. At present, stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the prognosis of CNS diseases. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidences have demonstrated that multiple molecular mechanisms, such as cell replacement, immunoregulation and neurotrophic effect, underlie the use of stem cell therapy for CNS diseases. However, several issues have yet to be addressed to support its clinical application. Thus, this review article aims to summarize the role and underlying mechanisms of stem cell therapy in treating CNS diseases. And it is worthy of further evaluation for the potential therapeutic applications of stem cell treatment in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caidi Ying
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haocheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuan Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Aldrin-Kirk P, Åkerblom M, Cardoso T, Nolbrant S, Adler AF, Liu X, Heuer A, Davidsson M, Parmar M, Björklund T. A novel two-factor monosynaptic TRIO tracing method for assessment of circuit integration of hESC-derived dopamine transplants. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 17:159-172. [PMID: 34971563 PMCID: PMC8758947 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation in Parkinson's disease using human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons is a promising future treatment option. However, many of the mechanisms that govern their differentiation, maturation, and integration into the host circuitry remain elusive. Here, we engrafted hESCs differentiated toward a ventral midbrain DA phenotype into the midbrain of a preclinical rodent model of Parkinson's disease. We then injected a novel DA-neurotropic retrograde MNM008 adeno-associated virus vector capsid, into specific DA target regions to generate starter cells based on their axonal projections. Using monosynaptic rabies-based tracing, we demonstrated for the first time that grafted hESC-derived DA neurons receive distinctly different afferent inputs depending on their projections. The similarities to the host DA system suggest a previously unknown directed circuit integration. By evaluating the differential host-to-graft connectivity based on projection patterns, this novel approach offers a tool to answer outstanding questions regarding the integration of grafted hESC-derived DA neurons. A novel retrograde AAV-capsid (MNM008) allows highly accurate monosynaptic tracing Nigral human dopamine (DA) grafts reconstitute the nigrostriatal pathway The host rat brain makes circuit-specific connections with hESC-derived DA grafts The herein developed tool allows for detailed mapping of CNS circuits and repair
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Aldrin-Kirk
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Åkerblom
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tiago Cardoso
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Nolbrant
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew F Adler
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Davidsson
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Björklund
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Zhang KY, Johnson TV. The internal limiting membrane: Roles in retinal development and implications for emerging ocular therapies. Exp Eye Res 2021; 206:108545. [PMID: 33753089 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes help to establish, maintain, and separate their associated tissues. They also provide growth and signaling substrates for nearby resident cells. The internal limiting membrane (ILM) is the basement membrane at the ocular vitreoretinal interface. While the ILM is essential for normal retinal development, it is dispensable in adulthood. Moreover, the ILM may constitute a significant barrier to emerging ocular therapeutics, such as viral gene therapy or stem cell transplantation. Here we take a neurodevelopmental perspective in examining how retinal neurons, glia, and vasculature interact with individual extracellular matrix constituents at the ILM. In addition, we review evidence that the ILM may impede novel ocular therapies and discuss approaches for achieving retinal parenchymal targeting of gene vectors and cell transplants delivered into the vitreous cavity by manipulating interactions with the ILM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Zhang
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Thomas V Johnson
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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5
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Abstract
There is an increasing effort toward generating replacement cells for neuronal application due to the nonregenerative nature of these tissues. While much progress has been made toward developing methodologies to generate these cells, there have been limited improvements in functional restoration. Some of these are linked to the degenerative and often nonreceptive microenvironment that the new cells need to integrate into. In this chapter, we will focus on the status and role of the immune microenvironment of the retina during homeostasis and disease states. We will review changes in both innate and adaptive immunity as well as the role of immune rejection in stem cell replacement therapies. The chapter will end with a discussion of immune-modulatory strategies that have helped to ameliorate these effects and could potentially improve functional outcome for cell replacement therapies for the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kramer
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Deepak A Lamba
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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6
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Stanzel B, Ader M, Liu Z, Amaral J, Aguirre LIR, Rickmann A, Barathi VA, Tan GSW, Degreif A, Al-Nawaiseh S, Szurman P. Surgical Approaches for Cell Therapeutics Delivery to the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Retina. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1186:141-70. [PMID: 31654389 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28471-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing successful surgical strategies to deliver cell therapeutics to the back of the eye is an essential pillar to success for stem cell-based applications in blinding retinal diseases. Within this chapter, we have attempted to gather all key considerations during preclinical animal trials.Guidance is provided for choices on animal models, options for immunosuppression, as well as anesthesia. Subsequently we cover surgical strategies for RPE graft delivery, both as suspension as well as in monolayers in small rodents, rabbits, pigs, and nonhuman primate. A detailed account is given in particular on animal variations in vitrectomy and subretinal surgery, which requires a considerable learning curve, when transiting from human to animal. In turn, however, many essential subretinal implantation techniques in large-eyed animals are directly transferrable to human clinical trial protocols.A dedicated subchapter on photoreceptor replacement provides insights on preparation of suspension as well as sheet grafts, to subsequently outline the basics of subretinal delivery via both the transscleral and transvitreal route. In closing, a future outlook on vision restoration through retinal cell-based therapeutics is presented.
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7
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Hurtado JDC, Sánchez JPB, Nunes RB, de Oliveira AA. Stem Cell Transplantation and Physical Exercise in Parkinson's Disease, a Literature Review of Human and Animal Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:166-76. [PMID: 29270820 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The absence of effective and satisfactory treatments that contribute to repairing the dopaminergic damage caused by Parkinson's Disease (PD) and the limited recovery capacity of the nervous system are troubling issues and the focus of many research and clinical domains. Recent advances in the treatment of PD through stem cell (SC) therapy have recognized their promising restorative and neuroprotective effects that are implicated in the potentiation of endogenous mechanisms of repair and contribute to functional locomotor improvement. Physical exercise (PE) has been considered an adjuvant intervention that by itself induces beneficial effects in patients and animal models with Parkinsonism. In this sense, the combination of both therapies could provide synergic or superior effects for motor recovery, in contrast with their individual use. This review aims to provide an update on recent progress and the potential effectiveness of SC transplantation and PE for the treatment of locomotor deficits in PD. It has reviewed the neuropathological pathways involved in the classical motor symptoms of this condition and the mechanisms of action described in experimental studies that are associated with locomotor enhancement through exercise, cellular transplantation, and their union in some neurodegenerative conditions.
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8
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disorders have a complex pathology and are characterized by a progressive loss of neuronal architecture in the brain or spinal cord. Neuroprotective agents have demonstrated promising results at the preclinical stage, but this has not been confirmed at the clinical stage. Thus far, no neuroprotective drug that can prevent neuronal degeneration in patients with neurodegenerative disorders is available. MAIN BODY Recent studies have focused on neurorestorative measures, such as cell-based therapy, rather than neuroprotective treatment. The utility of cell-based approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has been explored extensively, and the results have been somewhat promising with regard to reversing the outcome. Because of their neural crest origin, ease of harvest, accessibility, ethical suitability, and potential to differentiate into the neurogenic lineage, dental-derived stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source for cell-based neurorestoration therapies. In the present review, we summarize the possible use of DSC-based neurorestoration therapy as an alternative treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, with a particular emphasis on the mechanism underlying recovery in neurodegenerative disorders. CONCLUSION Transplantation research in neurodegenerative diseases should aim to understand the mechanism providing benefits both at the molecular and functional level. Due to their ease of accessibility, plasticity, and ethical suitability, DSCs hold promise to overcome the existing challenges in the field of neurodegeneration through multiple mechanisms, such as cell replacement, bystander effect, vasculogenesis, synaptogenesis, immunomodulation, and by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India. .,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Aurel Popa Wagner
- Departmentof Dental Materials, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Subhash Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302002, India.,Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Yawer S Hussain
- Department of Neurology, Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Era Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
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Müller P, Lemcke H, David R. Stem Cell Therapy in Heart Diseases - Cell Types, Mechanisms and Improvement Strategies. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 48:2607-2655. [PMID: 30121644 DOI: 10.1159/000492704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of clinical trials have shown stem cell therapy to be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Since the first transplantation into human patients, several stem cell types have been applied in this field, including bone marrow derived stem cells, cardiac progenitors as well as embryonic stem cells and their derivatives. However, results obtained from clinical studies are inconsistent and stem cell-based improvement of heart performance and cardiac remodeling was found to be quite limited. In order to optimize stem cell efficiency, it is crucial to elucidate the underlying mechanisms mediating the beneficial effects of stem cell transplantation. Based on these mechanisms, researchers have developed different improvement strategies to boost the potency of stem cell repair and to generate the "next generation" of stem cell therapeutics. Moreover, since cardiovascular diseases are complex disorders including several disease patterns and pathologic mechanisms it may be difficult to provide a uniform therapeutic intervention for all subgroups of patients. Therefore, future strategies should aim at more personalized SC therapies in which individual disease parameters influence the selection of optimal cell type, dosage and delivery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Müller
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Rostock, Germany
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert David
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Rostock, Germany
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10
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Boronat-García A, Guerra-Crespo M, Drucker-Colín R. Historical perspective of cell transplantation in Parkinson’s disease. World J Transplant 2017; 7:179-192. [PMID: 28698835 PMCID: PMC5487308 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v7.i3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell grafting has been considered a therapeutic approach for Parkinson’s disease (PD) since the 1980s. The classical motor symptoms of PD are caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to a decrement in dopamine release in the striatum. Consequently, the therapy of cell-transplantation for PD consists in grafting dopamine-producing cells directly into the brain to reestablish dopamine levels. Different cell sources have been shown to induce functional benefits on both animal models of PD and human patients. However, the observed motor improvements are highly variable between individual subjects, and the sources of this variability are not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of the pioneering studies done in animal models of PD that established the basis for the first clinical trials in humans, and compare these with the latest findings to identify the most relevant aspects that remain unanswered to date. The main focus of the discussions presented here will be on the mechanisms associated with the survival and functionality of the transplants. These include the role of the dopamine released by the grafts and the capacity of the grafted cells to extend fibers and to integrate into the motor circuit. The complete understanding of these aspects will require extensive research on basic aspects of molecular and cellular physiology, together with neuronal network function, in order to uncover the real potential of cell grafting for treating PD.
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11
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Martín-Ibáñez R, Guardia I, Pardo M, Herranz C, Zietlow R, Vinh NN, Rosser A, Canals JM. Insights in spatio-temporal characterization of human fetal neural stem cells. Exp Neurol 2017; 291:20-35. [PMID: 28131724 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary human fetal cells have been used in clinical trials of cell replacement therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease (HD). However, human fetal primary cells are scarce and difficult to work with and so a renewable source of cells is sought. Human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) can be generated from human fetal tissue, but little is known about the differences between hfNSCs obtained from different developmental stages and brain areas. In the present work we characterized hfNSCs, grown as neurospheres, obtained from three developmental stages: 4-5, 6-7 and 8-9weeks post conception (wpc) and four brain areas: forebrain, cortex, whole ganglionic eminence (WGE) and cerebellum. We observed that, as fetal brain development proceeds, the number of neural precursors is diminished and post-mitotic cells are increased. In turn, primary cells obtained from older embryos are more sensitive to the dissociation process, their viability is diminished and they present lower proliferation ratios compared to younger embryos. However, independently of the developmental stage of derivation proliferation ratios were very low in all cases. Improvements in the expansion rates were achieved by mechanical, instead of enzymatic, dissociation of neurospheres but not by changes in the seeding densities. Regardless of the developmental stage, neurosphere cultures presented large variability in the viability and proliferation rates during the initial 3-4 passages, but stabilized achieving significant expansion rates at passage 5 to 6. This was true also for all brain regions except cerebellar derived cultures that did not expand. Interestingly, the brain region of hfNSC derivation influences the expansion potential, being forebrain, cortex and WGE derived cells the most expandable compared to cerebellar. Short term expansion partially compromised the regional identity of cortical but not WGE cultures. Nevertheless, both expanded cultures were multipotent and kept the ability to differentiate to region specific mature neuronal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martín-Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Networked Biomedical Research Centre for NeuroDegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain; Research and Development Unit, Cell Therapy Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Inés Guardia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Networked Biomedical Research Centre for NeuroDegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Mónica Pardo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Networked Biomedical Research Centre for NeuroDegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Cristina Herranz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Networked Biomedical Research Centre for NeuroDegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain; Research and Development Unit, Cell Therapy Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rike Zietlow
- Cardiff University Brain Repair Group, Schools of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Cardiff, UK.
| | - Ngoc-Nga Vinh
- Cardiff University Brain Repair Group, Schools of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Cardiff, UK.
| | - Anne Rosser
- Cardiff University Brain Repair Group, Schools of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Cardiff, UK.
| | - Josep M Canals
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Networked Biomedical Research Centre for NeuroDegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Spain; Research and Development Unit, Cell Therapy Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Charsar BA, Urban MW, Lepore AC. Harnessing the power of cell transplantation to target respiratory dysfunction following spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2016; 287:268-275. [PMID: 27531634 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic benefit of cell transplantation has been assessed in a host of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including disorders of the spinal cord such as traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). The promise of cell transplantation to preserve and/or restore normal function can be aimed at a variety of therapeutic mechanisms, including replacement of lost or damaged CNS cell types, promotion of axonal regeneration or sprouting, neuroprotection, immune response modulation, and delivery of gene products such as neurotrophic factors, amongst other possibilities. Despite significant work in the field of transplantation in models of SCI, limited attention has been directed at harnessing the therapeutic potential of cell grafting for preserving respiratory function after SCI, despite the critical role pulmonary compromise plays in patient outcome in this devastating disease. Here, we will review the limited number of studies that have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of intraspinal transplantation of a variety of cell types for addressing respiratory dysfunction in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Charsar
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 418, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States
| | - Mark W Urban
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 418, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States
| | - Angelo C Lepore
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 418, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States.
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13
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Sypecka J, Sarnowska A. Mesenchymal cells of umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood as a source of human oligodendrocyte progenitors. Life Sci 2015; 139:24-9. [PMID: 26285174 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, Pawinskiego str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translative Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Schurig K, Zieris A, Hermann A, Freudenberg U, Heidel S, Grimmer M, Storch A, Werner C. Neurotropic growth factors and glycosaminoglycan based matrices to induce dopaminergic tissue formation. Biomaterials 2015. [PMID: 26222283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current cell replacement therapies in Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited by low survival of transplanted cell and lacking regeneration of neuronal circuitries. Therefore, bioartificial cell carriers and growth/differentiation factors are applied to improve the integration of transplants and maximize newly generated and/or residual dopaminergic function. In this work, biohybrid poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)-heparin hydrogels releasing fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were used to trigger dopaminergic tissue formation by primary murine midbrain cells in vitro. Matrix-delivered FGF-2 enhanced cell viability while release of GDNF had a pro-neuronal/dopaminergic effect. Combined delivery of both factors from the glycosaminoglycan-based matrices resulted in a tremendous improvement in survival and maturation capacity of dopaminergic neurons as obvious from tyrosine hydroxylase expression and neurite outgrowth. The reported data demonstrate that glycosaminoglycan-based hydrogels can facilitate the administration of neurotrophic factors and are therefore instrumental in potential future treatments of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schurig
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Zieris
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Heidel
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Milauscha Grimmer
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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15
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Thompson LH, Björklund A. Reconstruction of brain circuitry by neural transplants generated from pluripotent stem cells. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 79:28-40. [PMID: 25913029 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells, ESCs, and induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs) have the capacity to generate neural progenitors that are intrinsically patterned to undergo differentiation into specific neuronal subtypes and express in vivo properties that match the ones formed during normal embryonic development. Remarkable progress has been made in this field during recent years thanks to the development of more refined protocols for the generation of transplantable neuronal progenitors from pluripotent stem cells, and the access to new tools for tracing of neuronal connectivity and assessment of integration and function of grafted neurons. Recent studies in brains of neonatal mice or rats, as well as in rodent models of brain or spinal cord damage, have shown that ESC- or iPSC-derived neural progenitors can be made to survive and differentiate after transplantation, and that they possess a remarkable capacity to extend axons over long distances and become functionally integrated into host neural circuitry. Here, we summarize these recent developments in the perspective of earlier studies using intracerebral and intraspinal transplants of primary neurons derived from fetal brain, with special focus on the ability of human ESC- and iPSC-derived progenitors to reconstruct damaged neural circuitry in cortex, hippocampus, the nigrostriatal system and the spinal cord, and we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that determine the growth properties of the grafted neurons and their capacity to establish target-specific long-distance axonal connections in the damaged host brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan H Thompson
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anders Björklund
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden.
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16
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Falnikar A, Li K, Lepore AC. Therapeutically targeting astrocytes with stem and progenitor cell transplantation following traumatic spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2014; 1619:91-103. [PMID: 25251595 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of lost and/or dysfunctional astrocytes via multipotent neural stem cell (NSC) and lineage-restricted neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Cell transplantation in general offers the potential to replace central nervous system (CNS) cell types, achieve remyelination, deliver missing gene products, promote and guide axonal growth, modulate the host immune response, deliver neuroprotective factors, and provide a cellular substrate for bridging the lesion site, amongst other possible benefits. A host of cell types that differ in their developmental stage, CNS region and species of derivation, as well as in their phenotypic potential, have been tested in a variety of SCI animal models. Historically in the SCI field, most pre-clinical NSC and NPC transplantation studies have focused on neuronal and oligodendrocyte replacement. However, much less attention has been geared towards targeting astroglial dysfunction in the inured spinal cord, despite the integral roles played by astrocytes in both normal CNS function and in the diseased nervous system. Despite the relative lack of studies, cell transplantation-based targeting of astrocytes dates back to some of the earliest transplant studies in SCI animal models. In this review, we will describe the history of work involving cell transplantation for targeting astrocytes in models of SCI. We will also touch on the current state of affairs in the field, as well as on important future directions as we move forward in trying to develop this approach into a viable strategy for SCI patients. Practical issues such as timing of delivery, route of transplantation and immunesuppression needs are beyond the scope of this review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Falnikar
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University Medical College, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 469, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University Medical College, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 469, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Angelo C Lepore
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University Medical College, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 469, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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17
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Li F. The rebirth of iPSCs: Towards a healthier epigenetic landscape. Genes Dis 2014; 1:4-5. [PMID: 30258858 PMCID: PMC6146140 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that transcription factor-induced iPSCs carry an aberrant genetic and epigenetic makeup. However, it is not clear whether these defects are developed de novo due to the reprogramming process or inherited from the somatic source cells. Ma and colleagues presented convincing data that iPSCs derived through transcription factor over-expression carry a higher incidence of the epigenetic flaws in comparison with those generated through SCNT. The authors conclude that 1) the source of the epigenetic aberrations is more related to the reprogramming protocol, and less to the intrinsic abnormality of the somatic source cells; 2) SCNT based protocol is superior to that involving a cocktail of transcription factors. These important findings by Ma and colleagues will certainly steer future research towards understanding the mechanisms underpinning the SCNT reprogramming. With these efforts a whole array of unknown factors is expected to emerge, which regulate the onset of early embryonic development and can be applied to induce iPSCs with a healthier epigenetic landscape.
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