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Heras-Sola J, Gallo-Vallejo JL. [Importance of choline during pregnancy and lactation: A systematic review]. Semergen 2024; 50:102089. [PMID: 37862810 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is one of the most important and difficult moments that a woman goes through throughout her life. It is a period of great need for macro and micronutrients to meet the demands of the developing fetus and avoid deficiencies, in order to obtain the best possible result. Nowadays, most women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant know the importance of getting the required amount of certain types of nutrients (proteins, fats, folate, etc.), as well as avoiding certain compounds (alcohol, tobacco, drugs, etc.) to avoid possible complications during pregnancy. In recent years, with the greatest scientific evidence available, it has been shown how some of these nutrients could have a more relevant role than previously believed in the optimal outcome of pregnancy. One of these nutrients being choline. Choline supplementation during pregnancy has been shown to be a non-pharmacological treatment capable of improving both physical (growth) and mental (memory) qualities of the new individual. Choline has been known as an essential nutrient since 1998 and several studies have shown its effectiveness in rodent models. The existence of recent publications that deal with its application in humans makes it necessary to carry out a systematic review. In this systematic review of the scientific evidence available from 2012 to the present that deals with the application of a higher intake of choline through supplementation as a treatment to improve pregnancy outcomes, its main objetive is to determine the effects that a nutritional intervention through choline supplementation in pregnant mothers can have on children's cognition. For this, 9studies have been analyzed where the treatment given to pregnant women is revealed, this being choline supplementation in different modalities (choline chloride, choline bitartrate, and phosphatidylcholine) and the different effects produced in the children of these mothers who have resulted from these treatment modalities. We conclude by stating that choline supplementation during pregnancy appears to be effective in improving or increasing cognition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heras-Sola
- Nutrición Humana y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
| | - J L Gallo-Vallejo
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves de Granada, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
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Ngadiran A, Husni A, Sawitri DR, Dedi B, Suryani M. Associated factors to the cognitive function among indonesian older adult living in nursing home. Enferm Clin (Engl Ed) 2024; 34:56-60. [PMID: 38185372 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcle.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many older adults in Indonesia decide to live in nursing homes. Living in a nursing home has been associated with the incidence of cognitive decline in older adult that leads to decreasing ability to perform daily activity. This study aimed to determine the association between demographic and clinical characteristics with cognitive functions in older adults living in nursing homes in Indonesia. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design and involved 60 older adults in a nursing home. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) instrument. Demographic and clinical characteristics such as age, education level, length of stay in the nursing home, as well as serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine were studied. Spearman-Rank test was used for data analysis. RESULTS Cognitive function of attention had a positive correlation with age (r=0.314, P=.015), length of stay in the nursing home (r=0.268, P=.038), and negative correlation with dopamine serum levels (r=-0.425, P=.001). The cognitive function of naming has a positive correlation with age (r=0.263, P=.042). CONCLUSIONS Age, length of stay, and dopamine levels associated with cognitive function in older adult living in nursing homes. The older adult should be assessed in term of factors associated with cognitive function to make the cognitive improvement programs in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Husni
- Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | | | - Blacius Dedi
- Department of Nursing, Karya Husada University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Maria Suryani
- Department of Nursing, STIKES Elisabeth Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.
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Restrepo-Mejía SF, Valencia-Echeverry J, Zapata-Ospina JP, Aguirre-Acevedo DC, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Palacio-Ortiz JD. Comparison of the neurocognitive profile of the children of parents with bipolar disorder and controls: A transnational cross-sectional study. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2023; 52:320-327. [PMID: 37981470 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies that have compared the cognitive alterations of the children of parents with bipolar disorder (CPBD) versus the children of control parents (CCP), present heterogeneous results due to the studies' methodological differences, the age of the population studied, and the lack of standardisation of the measures used for the different neurocognitive domains. The objective was to compare the neurocognitive profile of CPBD versus CCP to observe if there are differences that could be proposed as possible endophenotypes of BD. RESULTS A total of 107 individuals (51 CPBD, and 56 CCP) with ages between 6 and 16 (mean, 12.2±2.80) years of age were evaluated. Seventy-four point five percent of the CPBD group had some disorder compared to 67.9% of the CCP group. Tests such as letter-F phonemic verbal fluency, letter-S phonemic verbal fluency, overall F-A-S phonemic verbal fluency, story recall and retrieval, and Wisconsin perseverative errors showed a difference with a small effect size, but with a high degree of uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS The CPBD did not have differences in their neurocognitive profile in comparison with CCP. Both groups have a high prevalence of psychopathology, which is a factor that could explain the lack of differences in neurocognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernanda Restrepo-Mejía
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Johanna Valencia-Echeverry
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan David Palacio-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Manrique MJ, Batuecas Á, Cenjor C, Ferrán S, Gómez JR, Lorenzo AI, Marco J, Matiñó E, Morant A, Morera C, Pérez N, Polo R, Ramos Á, Sánchez S, Nuñez F. Presbycusis and balance disorders in the elderly. Bibliographical review of ethiopathogenic aspects, consequences on quality of life and positive effects of its treatment. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed) 2023:S2173-5735(23)00031-5. [PMID: 36906066 DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
At this time, we still do not have adequate knowledge and awareness of the consequences of hearing loss in the elderly on quality of life. Similarly, there is also insufficient information on the relationship of presbycusis and balance disorders with other comorbidities. Such knowledge can contribute to improve both prevention and treatment of these pathologies, to reduce their impact on other areas such as cognition or autonomy, as well as to have more accurate information on the economic impact they generate in society and in the health system. Therefore, with this review article we aim to update the information on the type of hearing loss and balance disorders in people over 55 years of age, and their associated factors; to analyze the impact on the quality of life of these people and the one which can be generated at a personal and population level (both sociological and economic) if an early intervention in these patients is pursued.
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Alcántara Montero A, Pacheco de Vasconcelos SR. Role of vortioxetine in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2022; 69:640-648. [PMID: 36241510 DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is an important and disabling clinical problem, its management constitutes a challenge for healthcare professionals. Vortioxetine is a new antidepressant drug with multimodal action, which gives it a unique profile. Tricyclic antidepressants, in particular amitriptyline, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors venlafaxine and duloxetine are first-line drugs in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The interaction between the pain and depression binomial is very frequent, being the most frequent psychological complication in patients with chronic pain. This comprehensive and descriptive review summarizes the most relevant pharmacological data on vortioxetine, as well as the specific literature on vortioxetine in neuropathic pain and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alcántara Montero
- Centro de Salud Manuel Encinas, Consultorio de Malpartida de Cáceres, Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain.
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García-Molina A, García-Carmona S, Espiña-Bou M, Rodríguez-Rajo P, Sánchez-Carrión R, Enseñat-Cantallops A. Neuropsychological rehabilitation for post-COVID-19 syndrome: results of a clinical programme and six-month follow up. Neurologia 2022:S2173-5808(22)00094-3. [PMID: 36116770 PMCID: PMC9476330 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome may present cognitive and emotional symptomatology. This study aims to analyse the results of an outpatient neuropsychological intervention programme for post-COVID-19 syndrome. METHOD In June 2020 Institut Guttmann started an outpatient post-COVID-19 neurorehabilitation programme, including respiratory therapy, physiotherapy, and neuropsychological rehabilitation. Before and after the programme, the cognitive-emotional state of all participants is assessed. Six months after treatment, a follow-up assessment is administered (which includes a collection of information on various aspects of daily life). RESULTS The sample analysed consisted of 123 patients (mean age: 51 years, SD: 12.41). Seventy-four per cent (n = 91) had cognitive impairment and underwent cognitive treatment (experimental group); the remaining 26% (n = 32) constituted the control group. After the intervention, the experimental group improved in working memory, verbal memory (learning, recall and recognition), verbal fluency and anxious-depressive symptomatology. The control group showed changes in immediate memory, verbal memory (learning and recognition) and depressive symptomatology, although the effect size in the latter two was smaller than in the experimental group. Six months after treatment, 44.9% of the patients were unable to perform their pre-COVID-19 work activity, and 81.2% reported difficulties in their activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS Neuropsychological rehabilitation is an effective tool to treat the cognitive-emotional deficits present in post-COVID-19 syndrome. However, months after the end of treatment, not all patients recover their pre-COVID-19 functional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Molina
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - S García-Carmona
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Espiña-Bou
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Rodríguez-Rajo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Sánchez-Carrión
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Enseñat-Cantallops
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Baena-Oquendo S, García Valencia J, Vargas C, López-Jaramillo C. Neuropsychological aspects of bipolar disorder. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2022; 51:218-226. [PMID: 36075855 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic condition with serious consequences on the health and functionality of patients who suffer from it, with a high heritability and segregation, and aprevalence of between 1% and 2%. Neuropsychological deficits have been implicated as a very important issue related to BD prognosis, so a review was conducted of these deficits, the related factors and their functional consequences. It has been determined that the presence of neuropsychological deficits can vary in patients with BD according to their mood state, with a great influence of depressive symptoms on the cognitive variability of patients with respect to the general population and differences with respect to patients in the manic phase. In euthymic patients, the most affected cognitive domains are those of memory, attention, and executive function, associated with a more severe disease, sociodemographic vulnerability factors, and stable over time. A relationship has been found between poor cognitive performance, especially executive dysfunction, and objective functional deficit. Furthermore, cognitive differences have been outlined between BD and other serious mental illnesses that are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Baena-Oquendo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jenny García Valencia
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cristian Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Carlos López-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Díaz Ortiz AC, Vargas Upeguí C, Zapata Ospina JP, Aguirre Acevedo DC, Pineda Zapata JA, López Jaramillo CA. Correlation between cognitive performance and structural neuroanatomy in patients with type I bipolar affective disorder treated with and without lithium. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2022; 51:133-145. [PMID: 35717384 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lithium treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with less cognitive impairment and fewer changes in structural brain anatomy compared to other treatments. However, the studies are heterogeneous and few assess whether these effects are related. The objective of this study was to evaluate and relate cognitive performance and structural neuroanatomy in patients treated with and without lithium. METHODS Cross-sectional study that included 48 subjects with BD-I, of which 22 were treated with lithium and 26 without lithium. Performance was assessed on Wechsler III (WAIS III), TMT A and B (Trial Making Test) neuropsychological tests, California verbal learning test (CVLT), Rey complex figure test and Wisconsin card sorting test. Brain structures obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated. The standardised mean difference (SMD) between both groups was calculated, adjusted for confounding variables using a propensity score, and the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to assess the relationship between cognitive performance and neuroanatomical regions. RESULTS Compared to the group without lithium, the group with lithium had fewer perseverative errors in the Wisconsin test (SMD = -0.69) and greater left and right cortical areas (SMD = 0.85; SMD = 0.92); greater surface area in the left anterior cingulate (SMD = 1.32), right medial orbitofrontal cortex (SMD = 1.17), right superior frontal gyrus (SMD = 0.82), and right and left precentral gyrus (SMD = 1.33; SMD = 0.98); greater volume of the right amygdala (SMD = 0.57), right hippocampus (SMD = 0.66), right putamen (SMD = 0.87) and right thalamus (SMD = .67). In the lithium group, a correlation was found with these errors and the thickness of the left precentral gyrus (ρ = -0.78), the volume of the right thalamus (ρ = -0.44), and the right amygdala (ρ = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS The lithium group had better cognitive flexibility and greater dimension in some frontal and subcortical cortical regions. Furthermore, there was a moderate to high correlation between performance in this executive function and the thickness of the right precentral gyrus, and the volumes of the thalamus and the right amygdala. These findings could suggest a neuroprotective effect of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Camilo Díaz Ortiz
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Cristian Vargas Upeguí
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Zapata Ospina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Carlos Alberto López Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Cruz-Sanabria F, Bonilla-Vargas K, Estrada K, Mancera O, Vega E, Guerrero E, Ortega-Rojas J, Mahecha María F, Romero A, Montañés P, Celeita V, Arboleda H, Pardo R. Analysis of cognitive performance and polymorphisms of SORL1, PVRL2, CR1, TOMM40, APOE, PICALM, GWAS_14q, CLU, and BIN1 in patients with mild cognitive impairment and cognitively healthy controls. Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2021; 36:681-691. [PMID: 34752346 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer disease risk polymorphisms have been studied in patients with dementia, but have not yet been explored in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in our population; nor have they been addressed in relation to cognitive variables, which can be predictive biomarkers of disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate cognitive performance and presence of polymorphisms of the genes SORL1(rs11218304), PVRL2(rs6859), CR1(rs6656401), TOMM40(rs2075650), APOE (isoforms ε2, ε3, ε4), PICALM(rs3851179), GWAS_14q(rs11622883), BIN1(rs744373), and CLU(rs227959 and rs11136000) in patients with MCI and healthy individuals. METHODOLOGY We performed a cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive study of a prospective cohort of participants selected by non-probabilistic sampling, evaluated with neurological, neuropsychological, and genetic testing, and classified as cognitively healthy individuals and patients with MCI. Cognition was evaluated with the Neuronorma battery and analysed in relation to the polymorphic variants by means of measures of central tendency, confidence intervals, and nonparametric statistics. RESULTS We found differences in performance in language and memory tasks between carriers and non-carriers of BIN1, CLU, and CR1 variants and a trend towards poor cognitive performance for PICALM, GWAS_14q, SORL1, and PVRL2 variants; the APOE and TOMM40 variants were not associated with poor cognitive performance. DISCUSSION Differences in cognitive performance associated with these polymorphic variants may suggest that the mechanisms regulating these genes could have an effect on cognition in the absence of dementia; however, this study was exploratory and hypotheses based on these results must be explored in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cruz-Sanabria
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; PhD Program in Clinical and Translational Science, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - K Bonilla-Vargas
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Nacional, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - K Estrada
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - O Mancera
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Nacional, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - E Vega
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - E Guerrero
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J Ortega-Rojas
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - F Mahecha María
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A Romero
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - P Montañés
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - V Celeita
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - H Arboleda
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - R Pardo
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Nacional, Bogotá, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Siddharth K, Kumar S, Kumar M, Sunita. Cognition in middle aged adults: A comparison between hypertensives and normotensives. Hipertens Riesgo Vasc 2021; 38:164-9. [PMID: 34602382 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The American Heart association in December 2016 published a position paper concluding that there was insufficient data to make evidence-based recommendations on the relationship between hypertension and cognition of a person. The aim of the study was to study the effect of increased blood pressure on cognitive function. METHODS A cross sectional study of hypertensives (cases) and normotensive (controls) was done between January 2018 and December 2019. Subjects were recruited by convenience sampling. Subjects who were known cases of hypertension and had been on antihypertensive drug therapy for at least more than six months were considered as cases. Controls were those subjects who were having normal blood pressure and not suffering from any disease known to affect cognition. Out of 413 subjects, data from 388 subjects was used in the study (200 cases, 188 controls). The subjects were allowed to rest for 5min before measuring their blood pressure. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer in the right arm with the subject in seated position. Neuropsychological battery consisted of tests for domains of memory (auditory, visual, spatial), learning ability, attention, visuo-spatial construction, working memory. RESULTS On the neuropsychological tests, patients with hypertension had lower scores in the different domains. Age, hypertension duration, and educational level were the best predictors of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension. CONCLUSION Middle aged adults with hypertension have reduced cognitive functions as compared to normotensives.
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Huarcaya-Victoria J. Factors associated with overall functioning in patients with schizophrenia in a general hospital in Peru. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2021; 50:252-259. [PMID: 34742700 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of the factors associated with overall functioning in patients with schizophrenia who attended the outpatient clinic of the Hospital Nacional de la Policía [National Police Hospital] "Luis Nicasio Saenz" in 2018-2019. METHODOLOGY Non-experimental quantitative study of a descriptive cross-sectional correlational type. Convenience sampling was carried out, and consisted of 53 patients with schizophrenia. Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) was used to assess overall functioning, the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) for cognitive functioning, and a data collection sheet with sociodemographic data and a history of the disease. RESULTS It was found that 34 (62.2%) patients were male; 52 (98.1%), single; 39, (73.6%) without a current job. We found worse overall functioning in patients with a lower educational level (P = .005) and without a current job (P = .004). The total FAST was correlated with the time of the disease (ρ = 0.334, P < .05), the number of previous psychotic episodes (ρ = 0.354, P < .01), the total SCIP score (ρ = 0.542, P < .01) and their working memory dimension (VMT) (ρ = -0.523, P < .05). In the multiple linear regression model, it was found that the variables that most influenced the FAST were the total SCIP score (Beta = -0.528) and the number of previous psychotic episodes (Beta = 0.278). CONCLUSION The associated factors that most influence overall functioning in this sample of Peruvian patients with schizophrenia are cognitive functioning and the number of previous psychotic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública, Lima, Perú; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Lima, Perú.
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Restrepo-Mejía SF, Valencia-Echeverry J, Zapata-Ospina JP, Aguirre-Acevedo DC, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Palacio-Ortiz JD. Comparison of the Neurocognitive Profile of the Children of Parents with Bipolar Disorder and Controls: a Transnational Cross-Sectional Study. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2021; 52:S0034-7450(21)00139-6. [PMID: 34561104 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies that have compared the cognitive alterations of the children of parents with bipolar disorder (CPBD) versus the children of control parents (CCP), present heterogeneous results due to the studies' methodological differences, the age of the population studied, and the lack of standardisation of the measures used for the different neurocognitive domains. The objective was to compare the neurocognitive profile of CPBD versus CCP to observe if there are differences that could be proposed as possible endophenotypes of BD. RESULTS A total of 107 individuals (51 CPBD, and 56 CCP) with ages between 6 and 16 (mean, 12.2±2.80) years of age were evaluated. Seventy-four point five percent of the CPBD group had some disorder compared to 67.9% of the CCP group. Tests such as letter-F phonemic verbal fluency, letter-S phonemic verbal fluency, overall F-A-S phonemic verbal fluency, story recall and retrieval, and Wisconsin perseverative errors showed a difference with a small effect size, but with a high degree of uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS The CPBD did not have differences in their neurocognitive profile in comparison with CCP. Both groups have a high prevalence of psychopathology, which is a factor that could explain the lack of differences in neurocognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernanda Restrepo-Mejía
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Johanna Valencia-Echeverry
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan David Palacio-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Alcántara Montero A, Pacheco de Vasconcelos SR. Role of vortioxetine in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2021; 69:S0034-9356(21)00162-6. [PMID: 34243960 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is an important and disabling clinical problem, its management constitutes a challenge for healthcare professionals. Vortioxetine is a new antidepressant drug with multimodal action, which gives it a unique profile. Tricyclic antidepressants, in particular amitriptyline, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors venlafaxine and duloxetine are first-line drugs in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The interaction between the pain and depression binomial is very frequent, being the most frequent psychological complication in patients with chronic pain. This comprehensive and descriptive review summarizes the most relevant pharmacological data on vortioxetine, as well as the specific literature on vortioxetine in neuropathic pain and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alcántara Montero
- Centro de Salud Manuel Encinas, Consultorio de Malpartida de Cáceres, Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres, España.
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Baena-Oquendo S, Valencia JG, Vargas C, López-Jaramillo C. Neuropsychological Aspects of Bipolar Disorder. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2021; 51:S0034-7450(20)30092-5. [PMID: 33735035 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic condition with serious consequences on the health and functionality of patients who suffer from it, with a high heritability and segregation, and a prevalence of between 1% and 2%. Neuropsychological deficits have been implicated as a very important issue related to BD prognosis, so a review was conducted of these deficits, the related factors and their functional consequences. It has been determined that the presence of neuropsychological deficits can vary in patients with BD according to their mood state, with a great influence of depressive symptoms on the cognitive variability of patients with respect to the general population and differences with respect to patients in the manic phase. In euthymic patients, the most affected cognitive domains are those of memory, attention, and executive function, associated with a more severe disease, sociodemographic vulnerability factors, and stable over time. A relationship has been found between poor cognitive performance, especially executive dysfunction, and objective functional deficit. Furthermore, cognitive differences have been outlined between BD and other serious mental illnesses that are described in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Baena-Oquendo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jenny García Valencia
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cristian Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Carlos López-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Díaz Ortiz AC, Upeguí CV, Ospina JPZ, Acevedo DCA, Pineda Zapata JA, Jaramillo CAL. Correlation Between Cognitive Performance and Structural Neuroanatomy in Patients with Type I Bipolar Affective Disorder Treated with and Without Lithium. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2021; 51:S0034-7450(20)30094-9. [PMID: 33735049 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lithium treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with less cognitive impairment and fewer changes in structural brain anatomy compared to other treatments. However, the studies are heterogeneous and few assess whether these effects are related. The objective of this study was to evaluate and relate cognitive performance and structural neuroanatomy in patients treated with and without lithium. METHODS Cross-sectional study that included 48 subjects with BD-I, of which 22 were treated with lithium and 26 without lithium. Performance was assessed on Wechsler III (WAIS III), TMT A and B (Trial Making Test) neuropsychological tests, California verbal learning test (CVLT), Rey complex figure test and Wisconsin card sorting test. Brain structures obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated. The standardised mean difference (SMD) between both groups was calculated, adjusted for confounding variables using a propensity score, and the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to assess the relationship between cognitive performance and neuroanatomical regions. RESULTS Compared to the group without lithium, the group with lithium had fewer perseverative errors in the Wisconsin test (SMD = -0.69) and greater left and right cortical areas (SMD = 0.85; SMD = 0.92); greater surface area in the left anterior cingulate (SMD = 1.32), right medial orbitofrontal cortex (SMD = 1.17), right superior frontal gyrus (SMD = 0.82), and right and left precentral gyrus (SMD = 1.33; SMD = 0.98); greater volume of the right amygdala (SMD = 0.57), right hippocampus (SMD = 0.66), right putamen (SMD = 0.87) and right thalamus (SMD=.67). In the lithium group, a correlation was found with these errors and the thickness of the left precentral gyrus (ρ = -0.78), the volume of the right thalamus (ρ =-0.44), and the right amygdala (ρ = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS The lithium group had better cognitive flexibility and greater dimension in some frontal and subcortical cortical regions. Furthermore, there was a moderate to high correlation between performance in this executive function and the thickness of the right precentral gyrus, and the volumes of the thalamus and the right amygdala. These findings could suggest a neuroprotective effect of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Camilo Díaz Ortiz
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Cristian Vargas Upeguí
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Zapata Ospina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Carlos Alberto López Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Rendón-Torres L, Sierra-Rojas I, Benavides-Guerrero C, Botello-Moreno Y, Guajardo-Balderas V, García-Perales L. Predictive factors of cognitive impairment in people over 60. Enferm Clin (Engl Ed) 2020; 31:91-98. [PMID: 33334685 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship of depressive symptoms, sleep hygiene, nutritional status and gait speed with cognitive impairment in people over 60 years. METHOD Cross-sectional, correlational design with a non-probability convenience sampling. The population was made up of people over 60 years of age belonging to recreational stays in an urban area of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Criterion measures included three neuropsychological tests (Stroop Test, Trail Making Test and Digit Span Subtest) the Geriatric Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Mini Nutritional Assessment and the Short Physical Performance Battery. RESULTS The final sample was of 108 participants. Regarding the influence of risk factors to predict cognitive impairment a significant model was observed (F=12.914, gl=4, P≥.001), showing a variance explained of 33.4%, where depressive symptoms (β=.205, P=.048), sleep (β=-.322, P=.001), nutritional status (β=-.336, P=.001) and gait speed (β=.244, P=.004) were associated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS High levels of depressive symptoms, prolonged sleep duration, a malnutrition status and a slow gait speed predict cognitive impairment of the people over 60 years, this provides knowledge for the implementation of interventions aimed at preventing the risk factors that predict cognitive decline in order to delay its appearance.
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Huarcaya-Victoria J. Factors Associated with Overall Functioning in Patients with Schizophrenia in a General Hospital in Peru. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2020; 50:S0034-7450(20)30029-9. [PMID: 33735061 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of the factors associated with overall functioning in patients with schizophrenia who attended the outpatient clinic of the Hospital Nacional de la Policía [National Police Hospital] "Luis Nicasio Saenz" in 2018-2019. METHODOLOGY Non-experimental quantitative study of a descriptive cross-sectional correlational type. Convenience sampling was carried out, and consisted of 53 patients with schizophrenia. Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) was used to assess overall functioning, the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) for cognitive functioning, and a data collection sheet with sociodemographic data and a history of the disease. RESULTS It was found that 34 (62.2%) patients were male; 52 (98.1%), single; 39, (73.6%) without a current job. We found worse overall functioning in patients with a lower educational level (p=0.005) and without a current job (p=0.004). The total FAST was correlated with the time of the disease (ρ=0.334, p <0.05), the number of previous psychotic episodes (ρ=0.354, p <0.01), the total SCIP score (ρ=0.542, p <0.01) and their working memory dimension (VMT) (ρ=-0.523, p <0.05). In the multiple linear regression model, it was found that the variables that most influenced the FAST were the total SCIP score (Beta=-0.528) and the number of previous psychotic episodes (Beta=0.278). CONCLUSION The associated factors that most influence overall functioning in this sample of Peruvian patients with schizophrenia are cognitive functioning and the number of previous psychotic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública. Lima, Perú; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud. Departamento de Psiquiatría. Lima, Perú.
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García Morales L, Rodríguez Arnao MD, Rodríguez Sánchez A, Dulín Íñiguez E, Álvarez González MA. Sustained attention in school-age children with congenital hypothyroidism: Influence of episodes of overtreatment in the first three years of life. Neurologia 2020; 35:226-232. [PMID: 29162287 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.201708.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) are at risk of developing mild cognitive impairment despite normal overall intellectual performance. These deficits may be caused by disease-related and treatment-related factors. This study explores the impact of abnormal thyroid function during the first 3 years of life on attention performance at school age. METHODS We included 49 children diagnosed with CH and receiving treatment for the condition: 14 boys (mean age 9.5±2.8 years) and 35 girls (9.6±2.6 years). The number of episodes of normal, under-, and overtreatment were estimated based on TSH levels during their first 3 years of life (at 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months). Children were assessed using a computerised version of a Sustained attention test. General linear models were calculated with the attention index as the dependent variable and sex, aetiology, and number of episodes of normal, under-, and overtreatment as independent variables. RESULTS Higher numbers of episodes of overtreatment (low TSH level) were associated with poorer attention performance at school age (P=.005, r=-0.45). CONCLUSIONS Children with CH should be monitored closely during the first 3 years of life in order to prevent not only hypothyroidism but also any adverse effects of overtreatment that may affect attentional function at school age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M D Rodríguez Arnao
- Unidad Endocrina Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Desórdenes Metabólicos del Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - A Rodríguez Sánchez
- Unidad Endocrina Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Desórdenes Metabólicos del Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - E Dulín Íñiguez
- Laboratorio de Desórdenes Metabólicos del Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - M A Álvarez González
- Instituto Superior de Diseño, Universidad de La Habana, Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
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Navarro-Main B, Jiménez-Roldán L, González Leon P, Castaño-León AM, Lagares A, Pérez-Nuñez Á. Neuropsychological management of the awake patient surgery: A protocol based on 3-year experience with glial tumors. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2020; 31:279-288. [PMID: 32317143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucir.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glial brain tumours usually require neurosurgical treatment and they are associated with cognitive, emotional and behavioural impairments. Awake intraoperative brain mapping is the gold standard technique used to optimize the onco-functional balance. Neuropsychological assessment and intervention have relevance in this type of procedures. Currently, there is a lack of protocolled structure for the neuropsychological intervention being able to satisfy patient needs. METHOD A retrospective descriptive study of 52 patients was performed, all of them with a diagnosis of glial tumour. The structure of the protocol developed in our centre is reported, also data of neuropsychological evaluation, comparing baseline performance with both immediate posterior performance, and long term performance. RESULTS We describe our experience in each step of the intervention, highlighting the development of eight neurocognitive protocols for intraoperative brain mapping. The results of the neuropsychological examination objectify deficits in the immediate after surgery assessment which are reduced in the long-term assessment. CONCLUSIONS We emphasize the need of providing and structuring the cognitive and emotional aspects of patients suffering from any pathology that entails acquired brain damage in hospital environment. This type of approach is aimed at increasing the quality of life of cancer patients by structuring and optimizing tasks during their surgical intervention and attending to the neuropsychological difficulties they suffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Navarro-Main
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica i+12, Madrid, España; Departamento de Psicología Básica II, Facultad de Psicología UNED, Madrid, España.
| | - Luis Jiménez-Roldán
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica i+12, Madrid, España; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina UCM, Madrid, España
| | - Pedro González Leon
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica i+12, Madrid, España; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina UCM, Madrid, España
| | - Ana M Castaño-León
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica i+12, Madrid, España; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina UCM, Madrid, España
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica i+12, Madrid, España; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina UCM, Madrid, España
| | - Ángel Pérez-Nuñez
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica i+12, Madrid, España; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina UCM, Madrid, España
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Jáuregui-Huerta F, Redolar-Ripoll D, Cupul-García JC, Trillo-Gómez JP, Ruvalcaba-Delgadillo Y. General anesthesia in infants: neurobiological and neuropsychological concerns. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2020; 77:54-67. [PMID: 32226001 DOI: 10.24875/bmhim.19000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthetics are crucial drugs for surgical interventions, which are indicated to induce analgesia, diminish pain, and reduce anxiety in order to facilitate invasive procedures. In pediatric patients, benefits of general anesthetics also include abolishment of motility. Besides their probed benefits on surgery, the recent warning of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the use of general anesthetics in children yielded a controversy on their potential neurotoxic effects. In this review, the main facts of the cerebral development are studied, and the available evidence concerning the use of general anesthesia on the neuropsychological development of children is analyzed. Most of the studies found were uncontrolled retrospective cohorts for which conclusions are difficult to obtain. However, a few group of controlled studies, including the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids study (MASK), have partially supported the FDA warning. Cumulated evidence appears to support the safety use of general anesthetics, but no conclusive data supporting that it may induce massive effects on the cognitive development of exposed children has been reported. Important evidence suggests that specific cognitive functions may result altered under long-term expositions. Such data must be considered for those involved in anesthetic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Jáuregui-Huerta
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Diego Redolar-Ripoll
- Cognitive Neuro-lab, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, España
| | - Juan C Cupul-García
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Juan P Trillo-Gómez
- Programa de Maestría en Neuropsicología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Yaveth Ruvalcaba-Delgadillo
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Cruthirds CL, van der Meij BS, Wierzchowska-McNew A, Deutz NEP, Engelen MPKJ. Presence or Absence of Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is Associated With Distinct Phenotypes. Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 57:264-72. [PMID: 32115277 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reduced skeletal muscle function and cognitive performance are common extrapulmonary features in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) but their connection remains unclear. Whether presence or absence of skeletal muscle dysfunction in COPD patients is linked to a specific phenotype consisting of reduced cognitive performance, comorbidities and nutritional and metabolic disturbances needs further investigation. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with COPD (grade II-IV) were divided into two phenotypic cohorts based on the presence (COPD dysfunctional, n=25) or absence (COPD functional, n=12) of muscle dysfunction. These cohorts were compared to 28 healthy, age matched controls. Muscle strength (dynamometry), cognitive performance (Trail Making Test and STROOP Test), body composition (Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry), habitual physical activity, comorbidities and mood status (questionnaires) were measured. Pulse administration of stable amino acid tracers was performed to measure whole body production rates. RESULTS Presence of muscle dysfunction in COPD was independent of muscle mass or severity of airflow obstruction but associated with impaired STROOP Test performance (p=0.04), reduced resting O2 saturation (p=0.003) and physical inactivity (p=0.01), and specific amino acid metabolic disturbances (enhanced leucine (p=0.02) and arginine (p=0.06) production). In contrast, COPD patients with normal muscle function presented with anxiety, increased fat mass, plasma glucose concentration, and metabolic syndrome related comorbidities (hypertension and dyslipidemia). CONCLUSION COPD patients with muscle dysfunction show characteristics of a cognitive - metabolic impairment phenotype, influenced by the presence of hypoxia, whereas those with normal muscle function present a phenotype of metabolic syndrome and mood disturbances.
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Restrepo Moreno S, García Valencia J, Vargas C, López-Jaramillo C. Cognitive Development in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Metabolic Syndrome. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2019; 48:149-155. [PMID: 31426917 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and discuss current evidence on the relationship between cognitive performance, Bipolar Affective Disorder (BAD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MS). METHODS We searched for related articles in different bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scielo) and performed a narrative review of the literature with the selected articles. RESULTS To date, evidence has not been conclusive and the effect of MS on BD has not been widely studied, but important correlations have been observed with individual metabolic variables. It is suggested that obesity in patients with BAD is associated wotj worse performance in verbal memory, psychomotor processing speed, and sustained attention. Hypertriglyceridemia in patients with BAD appears to be associated with a lower score in executive function tasks; hypertension appears to be associated with impairment in overall cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Despite the associations between MS and poor cognitive performance in patients suffering from BAD, more studies are required to precisely determine how these variables are related to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Restrepo Moreno
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jenny García Valencia
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cristian Vargas
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Carlos López-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Medellín, Colombia
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Bahagat KA, Elhady M, Aziz AA, Youness ER, Zakzok E. [Omega-6/omega-3 ratio and cognition in children with epilepsy]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2019; 91:88-95. [PMID: 30660389 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment is a common consequence of epilepsy in children. This study aimed to assess the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid levels and its impact on cognitive function in children with idiopathic epilepsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a case-control study in 30 children with idiopathic epilepsy and 20 healthy children. We measured levels of alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) and linoleic acid (omega-6) by means of gas-liquid chromatography. We assessed cognitive function with the Arabic version of the fourth edition of the Stanford-Binet test and the P300 component of event-related potentials. All children had an intelligent quotient greater than 70. RESULTS Children with epilepsy had lower levels of omega-3 and higher levels of omega-6 fatty acids and an abnormal omega-6/omega-3 ratio compared to non-epileptic children. We found a significant positive correlation of serum omega-3 levels and a significant negative correlation of serum omega-6 levels with cognitive function scores and P300 latency in children with epilepsy. CONCLUSION Children with epilepsy have abnormal ratios of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid serum levels, which is associated with impaired cognitive function in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marwa Elhady
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Al-Azhar, El Cairo, Egipto.
| | - Ali Abdel Aziz
- Departamento de Salud Infantil, Centro de Investigación Nacional, Guiza, Egipto
| | - Eman R Youness
- Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Investigación Nacional, Guiza, Egipto
| | - Elzarif Zakzok
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Al-Azhar, El Cairo, Egipto
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Cruz-Sanabria F, Bonilla-Vargas K, Estrada K, Mancera O, Vega E, Guerrero E, Ortega-Rojas J, Mahecha María F, Romero A, Montañés P, Celeita V, Arboleda H, Pardo R. Analysis of cognitive performance and polymorphisms of SORL1, PVRL2, CR1, TOMM40, APOE, PICALM, GWAS_14q, CLU, and BIN1 in patients with mild cognitive impairment and cognitively healthy controls. Neurologia 2018; 36:S0213-4853(18)30198-1. [PMID: 30503753 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer disease risk polymorphisms have been studied in patients with dementia, but have not yet been explored in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in our population; nor have they been addressed in relation to cognitive variables, which can be predictive biomarkers of disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate cognitive performance and presence of polymorphisms of the genes SORL1(rs11218304), PVRL2(rs6859), CR1(rs6656401), TOMM40(rs2075650), APOE (isoforms ɛ2, ɛ3, ɛ4), PICALM(rs3851179), GWAS_14q(rs11622883), BIN1(rs744373), and CLU (rs227959 and rs11136000) in patients with MCI and healthy individuals. METHODOLOGY We performed a cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive study of a prospective cohort of participants selected by non-probabilistic sampling, evaluated with neurological, neuropsychological, and genetic testing, and classified as cognitively healthy individuals and patients with MCI. Cognition was evaluated with the Neuronorma battery and analysed in relation to the polymorphic variants by means of measures of central tendency, confidence intervals, and nonparametric statistics. RESULTS We found differences in performance in language and memory tasks between carriers and non-carriers of BIN1, CLU, and CR1 variants and a trend toward poor cognitive performance for PICALM, GWAS_14q, SORL1, and PVRL2 variants; the APOE and TOMM40 variants were not associated with poor cognitive performance. DISCUSSION Differences in cognitive performance associated with these polymorphic variants may suggest that the mechanisms regulating these genes could have an effect on cognition in the absence of dementia; however, this study was exploratory and hypotheses based on these results must be explored in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cruz-Sanabria
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - K Bonilla-Vargas
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Nacional, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - K Estrada
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - O Mancera
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Nacional, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - E Vega
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - E Guerrero
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J Ortega-Rojas
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - F Mahecha María
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A Romero
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - P Montañés
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - V Celeita
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - H Arboleda
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - R Pardo
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Nacional, Bogotá, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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López-Valdés JC, Miranda-Hernández A, Medina-Medina JA. [Implicaciones psiquiátricas y neurológicas en la literatura shakespeariana. Breve análisis]. GAC MED MEX 2018; 154:613-616. [PMID: 30407469 DOI: 10.24875/gmm.17003332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) is with no doubt one of the most prolific literary artists of all times; in addition to being an eminent playwright, his works reflect arguments that express medical knowledge, allude to concise descriptions that are relevant to medical practice of that time, and even to current medicine. He wrote between 35 and 38 plays, six lyric works and 154 sonnets (approximately) where finding little more than 700 references to medicine of those days is possible. For this reason, different scholars have analyzed the medical concepts within the Shakespearean literature; some agree that these may be the result of studies of his own, while others suggest that Shakespeare repeated the medical knowledge of some "men of wisdom" of his time. It should be mentioned that the author's contemporary London society lived in an overpopulated, nauseating, sexually promiscuous city that was plagued by pests and waste and continually besieged by epidemics whose treatments many times caused greater evil than benefit (for example, lead-based make-up). Some biographers credit syphilis, alcohol, and depression as the source of Shakespeare's creative production. Despite the myriad of authors who have analyzed the insinuations about medicine in Shakespeare's dramatic accounts, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) is perhaps the most important; throughout his career he carried out a substantial analysis of the English playwright's works owing to his passion for literature and for this author.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Alberto Medina-Medina
- Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Hospital Regional 1 de Octubre, Ciudad de México, México
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López-Matons N, Conill Badell D, Obrero Cusidó G, Gil Saladié D, Padrós Selma J, Martin-López A. Anticholinergic drugs and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Med Clin (Barc) 2018. [PMID: 29525116 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the prevalence of the anticholinergic drugs (AD) used in patients who consult in regard to loss of memory. Assess the cognitive and functional repercussion of these drugs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective review of the clinic history of the patients who consulted the clinic in 2015 and 2016. We used the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale. We explored cognition with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and function with the Barthel Index and the Lawton and Brody Scale. We compared the difference of scale scores between the patients exposed and not exposed to AD. RESULTS Sample size of 610 patients (mean age=81.1years), 71% female. 37.2% of patients took AD. The mean (SD) difference between exposed and not exposed patients and the year-on-year worsening rate of the Barthel Index and the Lawton and Brody Scale and MMSE were -4 (4.5), -0.3 (0.4) and -1 (0.9), respectively. CONCLUSIONS One third of patients who consulted for cognitive loss are taking AD. Patients exposed to AD show a greater tendency to impairment.
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García-Guerrero MA, Sánchez Gómez P, Peña Lasa J, Portu Zapirain J, Elizagárate Zabala E, Gorria Bernal V, Ojeda Del Pozo N. Effect of psychiatric symptoms and quality of life on cognitive performance in HCV patients. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed) 2018; 13:22-30. [PMID: 30082230 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduced performance in several cognitive domains has been repeatedly related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Nevertheless, there is no consensus about the severity or cognitive profile. Moreover, other possible influential variables are scarcely controlled. The aim of this study is to define the specific cognitive profile in HCV after controlling for confounding variables. METHODS Forty-two HCV patients were distributed in 2groups according to the presence of co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus; a third group with 22 healthy controls was also included. The neuropsychological assessment included tests that assess processing speed, executive functioning, verbal memory, visual memory and working memory. Measures of depression (BDI), anxiety (HAM-A), fatigue (MAF), anhedonia (PAS), insomnia (ISI), quality of life (SF-36) and history of drug abuse (DAST-20) were taken in order to explore differences among groups and to control for their possible influence on cognitive performance. RESULTS HCV patients (including human immunodeficiency virus-coinfection) performed significantly worse in all cognitive measures. However, when the effect of BDI, HAM-A, MAF, ISI, SF-36 & DAST-20 was controlled, only verbal memory of HCV patients differed among groups. Coinfected patients performed worse in verbal memory. CONCLUSIONS According to previous studies verbal memory is the unique cognitive domain related to the effect of HCV. The present study does not support that the neurovirulence effect of HCV is decreasing cognitive performance in HCV patients. Nevertheless, the present study cannot relate the fronto-striatal disruption with the cognitive performance in HCV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Acebo García-Guerrero
- Departamento de Métodos y Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España.
| | - Pedro Sánchez Gómez
- Unidad de Psicosis Refractaria, Hospital Psiquiátrico de Álava, Vitoria, España; Departamento de Neurociencia, Sección de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Vizcaya, España
| | - Javier Peña Lasa
- Departamento de Métodos y Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España
| | - Joseba Portu Zapirain
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Álava-Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria, España
| | - Edorta Elizagárate Zabala
- Unidad de Psicosis Refractaria, Hospital Psiquiátrico de Álava, Vitoria, España; Departamento de Neurociencia, Sección de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Vizcaya, España; CIBERSAM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, España
| | - Victoria Gorria Bernal
- Departamento de Métodos y Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España
| | - Natalia Ojeda Del Pozo
- Departamento de Métodos y Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España
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Nevado Rey M. [Non-pharmacological interventions]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2018; 52 Suppl 1:44-46. [PMID: 29628034 DOI: 10.1016/s0211-139x(18)30080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-pharmacological therapies are currently one of the cornerstones of the prevention of the possible causes of cognitive impairment. Among other topics, the present article discusses the importance of identifying and working with elements such as a person's life history, interests, values, beliefs, and personal tastes and preferences and of combining them with techniques with proven effectiveness.
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Abstract
The cognitive neuroscience of aging is a young discipline that has emerged as a result of the combination of: A) the theoretical and explanatory frameworks proposed by the cognitive psychology perspective throughout the second half of the twentieth century; B) the designs and methodological procedures arising from experimental psychology and the need to test the hypotheses proposed from the cognitive psychology perspective; C) the contributions of the computer sciences to the explanation of brain functions; and D) the development and use of neuroimaging techniques that have enabled the recording of brain activity in humans while tasks that test some cognitive process or function are performed. An analysis on the impact of research conducted from this perspective over the last 3decades has been carried out, including its shortcomings, as well as the potential directions and usefulness that will advantageously continue to drive this discipline in its description and explanation of the process es of cerebral and cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Díaz
- Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía. Grupo GI-1807-USC. Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (Galicia), España
| | - Arturo X Pereiro
- Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación. Grupo GI-1807-USC. Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (Galicia) España.
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García Morales L, Rodríguez Arnao MD, Rodríguez Sánchez A, Dulín Íñiguez E, Álvarez González MA. Sustained attention in school-age children with congenital hypothyroidism: Influence of episodes of overtreatment in the first three years of life. Neurologia 2017; 35:226-232. [PMID: 29162287 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) are at risk of developing mild cognitive impairment despite normal overall intellectual performance. These deficits may be caused by disease-related and treatment-related factors. This study explores the impact of abnormal thyroid function during the first 3 years of life on attention performance at school age. METHODS We included 49 children diagnosed with CH and receiving treatment for the condition: 14 boys (mean age 9.5±2.8 years) and 35 girls (9.6±2.6 years). The number of episodes of normal, under-, and overtreatment were estimated based on TSH levels during their first 3 years of life (at 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months). Children were assessed using a computerised version of a Sustained attention test. General linear models were calculated with the attention index as the dependent variable and sex, aetiology, and number of episodes of normal, under-, and overtreatment as independent variables. RESULTS Higher numbers of episodes of overtreatment (low TSH level) were associated with poorer attention performance at school age (P=.005, r=-0.45). CONCLUSIONS Children with CH should be monitored closely during the first 3 years of life in order to prevent not only hypothyroidism but also any adverse effects of overtreatment that may affect attentional function at school age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M D Rodríguez Arnao
- Unidad Endocrina Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Desórdenes Metabólicos del Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - A Rodríguez Sánchez
- Unidad Endocrina Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Desórdenes Metabólicos del Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - E Dulín Íñiguez
- Laboratorio de Desórdenes Metabólicos del Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - M A Álvarez González
- Instituto Superior de Diseño, Universidad de La Habana, Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
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Fernandez-Gonzalo S, Turon M, De Haro C, López-Aguilar J, Jodar M, Blanch L. Do sedation and analgesia contribute to long-term cognitive dysfunction in critical care survivors? Med Intensiva 2017; 42:114-128. [PMID: 28851588 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep sedation during stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) may have deleterious effects upon the clinical and cognitive outcomes of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Over the last decade a vast body of literature has been generated regarding different sedation strategies, with the aim of reducing the levels of sedation in critically ill patients. There has also been a growing interest in acute brain dysfunction, or delirium, in the ICU. However, the effect of sedation during ICU stay upon long-term cognitive deficits in ICU survivors remains unclear. Strategies for reducing sedation levels in the ICU do not seem to be associated with worse cognitive and psychological status among ICU survivors. Sedation strategy and management efforts therefore should seek to secure the best possible state in the mechanically ventilated patient and lower the prevalence of delirium, in order to prevent long-term cognitive alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernandez-Gonzalo
- Research Department, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Fundació Parc Taulí, Corporació Sanitària Universitària ParcTaulí, Sabadell, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Turon
- Research Department, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Fundació Parc Taulí, Corporació Sanitària Universitària ParcTaulí, Sabadell, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C De Haro
- Critical Care Department, ParcTaulí Sabadell, Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J López-Aguilar
- Research Department, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Fundació Parc Taulí, Corporació Sanitària Universitària ParcTaulí, Sabadell, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Jodar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, International Excellence Campus, Bellaterra, Spain; Neurology Department, ParcTaulí Sabadell, Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Blanch
- Research Department, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Fundació Parc Taulí, Corporació Sanitària Universitària ParcTaulí, Sabadell, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Critical Care Department, ParcTaulí Sabadell, Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
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Salagre E, Grande I, Solé B, Sanchez-Moreno J, Vieta E. Vortioxetine: A new alternative for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed) 2017; 11:48-59. [PMID: 28800937 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a serious psychiatric condition. Its treatment remains a challenge nowadays. Vortioxetine is a novel antidepressant with a unique profile, as it acts as a multimodal serotoninergic agent. Its efficacy in MDD has been established in many short- and long-term studies, with 7 positive, 4 negative and 1 failed randomized controlled trials. Moreover, its ability to modulate a wide range of neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, histamine, glutamate or GABA) confers vortioxetine pro-cognitive effects. Side effects are also different from conventional antidepressants, according to its low incidence of sexual dysfunction, weight gain or cardiovascular alterations. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety profile of vortioxetine, as well as its potential effectiveness in improving cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Salagre
- Servicio de Psiquiatría y Psicología, Hospital Clínic, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Cataluña, España
| | - Iria Grande
- Servicio de Psiquiatría y Psicología, Hospital Clínic, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Cataluña, España
| | - Brisa Solé
- Servicio de Psiquiatría y Psicología, Hospital Clínic, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Cataluña, España
| | - Jose Sanchez-Moreno
- Servicio de Psiquiatría y Psicología, Hospital Clínic, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Cataluña, España
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Servicio de Psiquiatría y Psicología, Hospital Clínic, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Cataluña, España.
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Castaño Ramírez OM, Gómez Montoya SM, Lemos Buitrago R, Valderrama Sánchez A, Castro Navarro JC. Relationship Between Cognitive Function and Clinical Features in Patients With Bipolar I Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 47:204-10. [PMID: 30286842 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies suggest that the severity of alterations in cognitive functions in people with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder (BP-I) are directly related to the deterioration in overall functioning and life quality. Altered cognitive function is associated with a worse prognosis of BP-I, however little is known about the relationship between cognitive functions and the clinical features of BP-I. OBJECTIVE To establish possible associations between cognitive function and the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of patients with BP-I. METHODS Cognitive function was evaluated by applying a neuropsychological battery to a group of patients with a BP-I diagnosis, who did not have affective episodes for at least 6 months, and who were outpatients treated at the San Juan de Dios Clinic in Manizales. The statistical analysis involved using clustering methocology in order to divide those patients with the best and worst cognitive function and it was later correlated with the clinical and socio-demographic variables. RESULTS A statistically significant corrrelation was found between the number of years of education and the age the disorder started with alterations in the level of cognitive function (P=.002 and P=.017 respectively). No significant correlations were found with other variables. CONCLUSIONS An early onset of the pathology and fewer years of education seems to be risk factors associated with poorer cognitive function in patients with BP-I.
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García RR, Aliste F, Soto G. Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: Cognitive and Neurobiological Aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 47:170-176. [PMID: 30017040 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Social cognition in schizophrenia is currently one of the major fields of interest in studies of this disorder. It is commonly conceptualised as a set of mental operations underlying social interactions, and therefore related to the ability to interpret and predict the behaviour of others in different social contexts. The research community has defined the functional areas that constitute the domain of social cognition, including, at least, the theory of mind, sensory perception, social perception, and attributional bias. Different bodies of evidence have shown that alterations in these functions in patients with schizophrenia are linked to some of their main psychopathological dysfunctions, such as defects in sensory perception, insight and attributional origin, and authorship of human acts. These behavioural alterations have been linked to structural and functional disturbances in the constituents of the so-called social brain. This includes a set of medial parietal, temporal, and pre-frontal areas that have been associated with some anomalies in the theory of mind, the perception of emotions, and the ability to consider the perspective of others, phenomena commonly found in schizophrenia. Future research in the domain of social cognition should be aimed at clarifying its relationship with the social brain and neurocognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo R García
- Centro de Estudios Cognitivos y Departamento de Lingüística, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Unidad de Psiquiatría Comunitaria, Hospital Padre Hurtado, Servicio Metropolitano de Salud Suroriente, San Ramón, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Aliste
- Unidad de Psiquiatría Comunitaria, Hospital Padre Hurtado, Servicio Metropolitano de Salud Suroriente, San Ramón, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Soto
- Centro de Estudios Cognitivos y Departamento de Lingüística, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Ferrer A, Formiga F, Padrós G, Badia T, Almeda J, Octabaix GE. [The Octabaix study. Baseline assessment and 5 years of follow-up]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2017; 52:44-52. [PMID: 27133765 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This is a review of a prospective, community-based study with a follow-up period of 5years. It is a study of 328 participants aged 85 at baseline, of which 62% were female, 53% widows, and a third of them living alone. High blood pressure was observed in 75.9%, dyslipidaemia in 51.2%, and diabetes in 17.7%. At baseline the median Barthel Index was 95, the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination was 28, the Charlson index 1, the Mini Nutritional Assessment 25, the Gijón test 10, the visual analogue scale of the Quality of Life Test was 60, and with a mean of 6.1 prescription drugs. A lower quality of life was also associated with female gender, a phenotype of frailty, heart failure, and a high level of social risk. At 5years of follow-up, the mortality rate was high, with 138 (42.1%) of the population sample dying at the end of the period. It represents an annual mortality rate of 8.4%. Thus, a common denominator of this review has been the high importance of functionality and overall comorbidity factors associated with mortality in this very old age group, compared to other more traditional factors in younger populations. Several studies of frailty have also been assessed in this group, as well as falls, nutritional risk, diabetes and successful aging, including important aspects to better understand this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assumpta Ferrer
- Centro de Atención Primaria «El Pla» CAP-I, Dirección de Atención Primaria Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
| | - Francesc Formiga
- Unidad de Geriatría, Servicio Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Gloria Padrós
- Laboratori Clínic l'Hospitalet, Institut Català de la Salut, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Teresa Badia
- Centro de Atención Primaria «Martorell Urbà», Dirección de Atención Primaria Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Martorell, Barcelona, España
| | - Jesús Almeda
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de Costa de Ponent, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Institut Català de la Salut. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Grupo Estudio Octabaix
- Centro de Atención Primaria «El Pla» CAP-I, Dirección de Atención Primaria Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
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Gómez Gallego M, Gómez García J. Music therapy and Alzheimer's disease: Cognitive, psychological, and behavioural effects. Neurologia 2017; 32:300-8. [PMID: 26896913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Music therapy is one of the types of active ageing programmes which are offered to elderly people. The usefulness of this programme in the field of dementia is beginning to be recognised by the scientific community, since studies have reported physical, cognitive, and psychological benefits. Further studies detailing the changes resulting from the use of music therapy with Alzheimer patients are needed. OBJECTIVES Determine the clinical improvement profile of Alzheimer patients who have undergone music therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-two patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease underwent music therapy for 6 weeks. The changes in results on the Mini-mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Barthel Index scores were studied. We also analysed whether or not these changes were influenced by the degree of dementia severity. RESULTS Significant improvement was observed in memory, orientation, depression and anxiety (HAD scale) in both mild and moderate cases; in anxiety (NPI scale) in mild cases; and in delirium, hallucinations, agitation, irritability, and language disorders in the group with moderate Alzheimer disease. The effect on cognitive measures was appreciable after only 4 music therapy sessions. CONCLUSIONS In the sample studied, music therapy improved some cognitive, psychological, and behavioural alterations in patients with Alzheimer disease. Combining music therapy with dance therapy to improve motor and functional impairment would be an interesting line of research.
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Martín-Santiago O, Suazo V, Rodríguez-Lorenzana A, Ruiz de Azúa S, Valcárcel C, Díez Á, Grau A, Domínguez C, Gallardo R, Molina V. [Relationship between subclinical psychotic symptoms and cognitive performance in the general population]. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment 2015; 9:78-86. [PMID: 26655378 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subclinical psychotic symptoms are associated to negative life outcomes in the general population, but their relationship with cognitive performance is still not well understood. Assessing the relationship between performance in cognitive domains and subclinical psychotic symptoms in the general population may also help understand the handicap attributed to clinical psychosis, in which these alterations are present. METHODS Subclinical and cognitive assessments were obtained in 203 participants from the general population by means of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, the Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The positive and negative subclinical symptoms and their relationship with age and cognition were examined, followed by assessing the influence of subclinical depression scores on the possible relationships between those subclinical psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits. RESULTS Inverse relationships were found between frequency in the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences positive dimension and motor speed, and frequency and distress in the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences negative dimension and motor speed. A direct relationship was also found between distress scores of the positive dimension and executive functions. Both positive and negative subclinical symptoms were related to depression scores. CONCLUSIONS Psychotic symptoms, similar to those in the clinical population, may be associated with cognitive deficits in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Suazo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Lorenzana
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España; Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Ruiz de Azúa
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Vizcaya, España; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Osakidetza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Vitoria, Álava, España
| | - César Valcárcel
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Vizcaya, España; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Osakidetza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Vitoria, Álava, España
| | - Álvaro Díez
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Londres, Reino Unido
| | - Adriana Grau
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
| | | | - Vicente Molina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, España.
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Aldana EM, Valverde JL, Fábregas N. Consciousness, cognition and brain networks: New perspectives. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2015; 63:459-70. [PMID: 26143337 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A detailed analysis of the literature on consciousness and cognition mechanisms based on the neural networks theory is presented. The immune and inflammatory response to the anesthetic-surgical procedure induces modulation of neuronal plasticity by influencing higher cognitive functions. Anesthetic drugs can cause unconsciousness, producing a functional disruption of cortical and thalamic cortical integration complex. The external and internal perceptions are processed through an intricate network of neural connections, involving the higher nervous activity centers, especially the cerebral cortex. This requires an integrated model, formed by neural networks and their interactions with highly specialized regions, through large-scale networks, which are distributed throughout the brain collecting information flow of these perceptions. Functional and effective connectivity between large-scale networks, are essential for consciousness, unconsciousness and cognition. It is what is called the "human connectome" or map neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Aldana
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Vithas Xanit Internacional, Benalmádena, Málaga, España.
| | - J L Valverde
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Vithas Xanit Internacional, Benalmádena, Málaga, España
| | - N Fábregas
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Quintana Hernández DJ, Miró Barrachina MT, Ibáñez Fernández I, Santana del Pino A, Rojas Hernández J, Rodríguez García J, Quintana Montesdeoca MDP. [Mindfulness-based stimulation in advanced Alzheimer's disease: A comparative, non-inferiority, clinical pilot study]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2015; 50:168-73. [PMID: 25796322 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A longitudinal study was conducted in order to analyze the feasibility, safety, and effects of the practice of mindfulness, relaxation and cognitive stimulation on the evolution of Alzheimer's disease, with the aim of testing the equivalence of these interventions. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were a total of 168 participants with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with donepezil. In the present article, the 21 participants with advanced AD who completed a follow-up period of 24 months are presented. The participants were grouped into three experimental groups (mindfulness, relaxation, and cognitive stimulation) and one control group. Each group carried out three weekly sessions with bi-annual follow-up measurements (cognition: CAMCOG and MMSE; functionality: RDRS; psychopathology: NPI). Non-parametric analyses were performed. RESULTS The cognitive function and functionality scores showed no significant differences between the groups. However, the scores in cognitive function of the mindfulness group and the cognitive stimulation group did not decrease in an intra-group analysis. In NPI, there were significant differences between the mindfulness group and the control group by the end of the study (P<.017). CONCLUSION The data showed that the treatment with donepezil in combination with mindfulness or cognitive stimulation presented a better clinical evolution than the pharmacological treatment alone or combined with relaxation. These data suggest that these therapeutic alternatives should be investigated further, and that the non-pharmacological treatments should be recommended in clinical practice in order to control the evolution of AD in the long term. In order to confirm these findings, a larger study is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Jesús Quintana Hernández
- ISCAN Servicios Integrales, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; Asociación Canaria para el desarrollo de la Salud a través de la Atención, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; Grupo de Investigación de Mindfulness y Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, España.
| | - María Teresa Miró Barrachina
- Grupo de Investigación de Mindfulness y Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, España; Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, España
| | - Ignacio Ibáñez Fernández
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, España
| | - Angelo Santana del Pino
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Jaime Rojas Hernández
- Asociación Canaria para el desarrollo de la Salud a través de la Atención, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
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Quintana Hernández DJ, Miró Barrachina MT, Ibáñez Fernández I, del Pino AS, García Rodríguez JR, Hernández JR. [Effects of a neuropsychology program based on mindfulness on Alzheimer's disease: randomized double-blind clinical study]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2014; 49:165-72. [PMID: 24880524 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this research was to assess effects of a mindfulness based neuropsychological intervention on the clinical course of Alzheimer's disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD A two year randomized and double blind clinical trial was conducted on 127 probable Alzheimer's disease patients, according to NINCDS-ADRDA scale. Patients were grouped into three experimental groups (cognitive stimulation, progressive muscular relaxation, and mindfulness) plus a control group. All participants were receiving donepezil. Cognitive skills were assessed with CAMCOG and MMSE, functional area with RDRS-2, and NPI was used for psychopathology screening. Three treatment sessions per week were carried out for two years, and follow up measurements were taken every six months. RESULTS The global cognitive function, functionality and behavioral disorders measurements indicated that patients from the experimental group based on mindfulness were stable during the two years, while patients from the control group, as well as the other experimental groups, showed a mild but significant worsening of their mental capacities. CONCLUSION The mindfulness based neuropsychological program showed better cognitive and functional stability, as well as significant improvement in the psychopathological condition of mild to moderate Alzheimer' patients. These results support the idea that a mindfulness based intervention can produce a clinically relevant improvement in the treatment of dementia. More research is needed to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Jesús Quintana Hernández
- Asociación Canaria para el desarrollo de la salud a través de la atención, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; CSS El Pino, Grupo Sanitario ICOT, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
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Urazán-Torres GR, Puche-Cabrera MJ, Caballero-Forero M, Rey-Anacona CA. Cognitive and Executive Functions in Colombian School Children with Conduct Disorder: Sex Differences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 42:324-32. [PMID: 26573117 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-7450(13)70029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most of the studies that have examined cognitive and executive functions in conduct disorders (CD) have been conducted on institutionalized male adolescents. In this research the cognitive and executive functions of non-institutionalized Colombian school children with CD were compared with normal school children, all between 6 and 12 years-old. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a case-control design. The cases were participants who met the diagnostic criteria for CD (n=39) and controls who did not meet these criteria (n=39), according to reports of a professional of the participants' institution, and a structured interview for childhood psychiatric syndromes. The two groups were selected from educational institutions, and there were no differences in age, school grade, or socioeconomic level. The IQ was reviewed, as well as the presence of other mental disorders, serious physical illnesses, and more serious neurological signs. The cognitive and executive functions were evaluated using a child neuropsychological test battery. RESULTS We found that participants with CD had significantly lower scores in construction abilities, perceptual abilities (tactile, visual and auditory), differed in verbal memory, differed in visual memory, language (repetition, expression and understanding), meta-linguistic abilities, spatial abilities, visual and auditory attention, conceptual abilities, verbal and graphic fluency, and cognitive flexibility. The same differences were found between males, except in repetition, whereas girls showed fewer differences, thus the cognitive and executive performance was poorer in males with CD than in females, especially in verbal and linguistic-related functions. CONCLUSIONS Children with CD could show generalized cognitive and executive deficits. These deficits seem to be more frequent in boys than in girls with CD.
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