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Geier DA, Geier MR. Constitutional chromosomal anomalies in children, fetal alcohol syndrome, and maternal toxicant exposures: A longitudinal cohort study. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2024; 894:503737. [PMID: 38432776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA alterations in gametes, which may occur either spontaneously or as a result of exposure to genotoxicants, can lead to constitutional chromosomal anomalies in the offspring. Alcohol is an established genotoxicant. The goal of this hypothesis-testing longitudinal cohort study was to evaluate the effect of significant/sustained maternal alcohol exposure on clinically diagnosed constitutional chromosomal anomalies among children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). De-identified eligibility and claim healthcare records, prospectively generated from the 1990-2012 Florida Medicaid system within the Independent Healthcare Research Database (IHRD), were analyzed. Children examined were continuously eligible with ≥ 8 outpatient office visits during the 96-month period following birth. Among these children, 377 were diagnosed with FAS and 137,135 were not. The incidence rate of chromosomal anomalies involving segregation (trisomy 13, 18, or 21, n = 625), microdeletions (microdeletion syndromes, n = 39), and point mutations (sickle-cell anemia/cystic fibrosis, n = 2570) were examined using frequency risk ratio (RR) and logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for sex, race, residence, socioeconomic/environmental exposure status, and birth date) models. The incidence rates of chromosomal anomalies involving segregation (RR=5.92, aOR=5.85) and microdeletions (RR=41.6, aOR=34.1) were significantly increased in the FAS cohort as compared to the non-diagnosed cohort, but there was no difference in the incidence rate of point mutations (RR=1.14, aOR=1.29). Maternal toxicant exposure should be considered in the etiology of constitutional chromosomal anomaly in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Mark R Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, Silver Spring, USA.
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2
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Almeida VT, Chehimi SN, Gasparini Y, Nascimento AM, Carvalho GF, Montenegro MM, Zanardo ÉA, Dias AT, Assunção NA, Kim CA, Kulikowski LD. Cri-du-Chat Syndrome: Revealing a Familial Atypical Deletion in 5p. Mol Syndromol 2023; 13:527-536. [PMID: 36660031 PMCID: PMC9843554 DOI: 10.1159/000524371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cri-du-chat syndrome is generally diagnosed when patients present a high-pitched cry at birth, microcephaly, ocular hypertelorism, and prominent nasal bridge. The karyotype is useful to confirm deletions in the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p-) greater than 10 Mb. In cases of smaller deletions, it is necessary to resort to other molecular techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) or genomic array. Case Presentation We report a family with an atypical deletion in 5p (mother and 2 children) and variable phenotypes compared with the literature. We applied a P064 MLPA kit to evaluate 5p- in the mother and the 2 children, and we used the Infinium CytoSNP-850K BeadChip genomic array to evaluate the siblings, an 11-year-old boy and a 13-year-old girl, to better define the 5p breakpoints. Both children presented a high-pitched cry at birth, but they did not present any of the typical physical features of 5p- syndrome. The MLPA technique with 5 probes for the 5p region revealed that the patients and their mother presented an atypical deletion with only 4 probes deleted (TERT_ex2, TERT_ex13, CLPTM1L, and IRX4). The genomic array performed in the siblings' samples revealed a 6.2-Mb terminal deletion in 5p15.33p15.32, which was likely inherited from their mother, who presented similar molecular features, seen in MLPA. Discussion The sparing of the CTNND2 gene, which is associated with cerebral development, in both siblings may explain why these 2 patients had features such as better communication skills which most patients with larger 5p deletions usually do not present. In addition, both patients had smaller deletions than those found in patients with a typical 5p- phenotype. This report demonstrates the utility of genomic arrays as a diagnostic tool to better characterize atypical deletions in known syndromes such as 5p- syndrome, which will allow a better understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa T. Almeida
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,*Vanessa T. Almeida,
| | - Samar N. Chehimi
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yanca Gasparini
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amom M. Nascimento
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gleyson F.S. Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília M. Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Évelin Aline Zanardo
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre T. Dias
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson A. Assunção
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chong A. Kim
- Unidade de Genetica, Departamento de Pediatria, Instituto da Crianca, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leslie D. Kulikowski
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Kotani T, Ushida T, Nakamura N, Imai K, Iitani Y, Tano S, Iwagaki S, Takahashi Y, Ito M, Hayakawa M, Kajiyama H. 5p deletion with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:390. [PMID: 36261840 PMCID: PMC9580161 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 5p deletion syndrome is known as cri-du-chat syndrome, but there are no reports on congenital diaphragmatic hernia complications associated with it. Case presentation A 28-year-old primigravida Japanese woman was referred for 5 mm of nuchal translucency. Fetal growth restriction was found at 20 weeks, and a left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia was diagnosed at 24 weeks. The karyotype of the fetus was diagnosed as 46, XX, del(5)(p14) and referred to our hospital. At 36 + 6 weeks, a 1524 g female infant was delivered after premature membrane rupture, with Apgar scores of 4 and 6 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The baby was intubated immediately with sedation and muscle relaxation, after birth for initial treatment for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The peripheral blood karyotype was consistent with the prenatal result. The infant was discharged alive, without any respiratory support, after the defect of the diaphragm was repaired. Conclusion The results of this study may be helpful for antenatal genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan. .,Division of Perinatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Ushida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.,Division of Perinatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yukako Iitani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sho Tano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shigenori Iwagaki
- Division of Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, 4-6-1, Noishiki, Gifu, 500-8717, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Division of Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, 4-6-1, Noishiki, Gifu, 500-8717, Japan
| | - Miharu Ito
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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He JP, Qian Y, Liu WJ, Tang J, Qin MH, Luo SJ, Hou JH, Lv MX. Prenatal diagnosis of Cri-du-Chat syndrome with concomitant distal trisomy 10q syndrome in one fetus with ultrasound anomalies. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:318-323. [PMID: 33678334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to characterize the genetic abnormalities and prenatal diagnosis indications in one fetus with Cri-du-Chat syndrome with codependent 10q24.2-q26.3 duplication in prenatal screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 31-year-old woman had a second trimester serum screening that indicated the fetus was at low risk. During this pregnancy, the woman underwent amniocentesis at 18+4 weeks' gestation because of adverse fertility history and nuchal fold thickening. Cytogenetic analysis and next-generation sequencing analysis were simultaneously performed to provide genetic analysis of fetal amniotic fluid. According to abnormal results, parental chromosome karyotype of peripheral blood was performed to analysis. RESULTS CNV-seq detected a 14.00 Mb deletion at 5p15.33-p15.2 and a 34.06 Mb duplication at 10q24.2-q26.3 in the fetus. Cytogenetic analysis of the fetus revealed a karyotype of 46, XY, der(5) t(5;10) (p15.2;q26.3). The karyotype of pregnant women was 46,XX,t(5;10) (p15.2;q24.2). The pregnancy was subsequently terminated after sufficient informed consent. CONCLUSION This is the first study that reports prenatal diagnosis of a Cri-du-Chat syndrome with concomitant 10 q24.2-q26.3 duplication. Adverse pregnancy history has to be as an important indicator for prenatal diagnosis, and the genetic factors of abnormal pregnancy should be identified before next pregnancy. Nuchal fold thickening is closely related to fetal abnormalities. Combined with ultrasonography, the use of CNV-seq will improve the diagnosis of submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations in fetuses with congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping He
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Kunming Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Kunming Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Jia Liu
- Ultrasound Department, Kunming Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Kunming Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Mao-Hua Qin
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Kunming Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Luo
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Kunming Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiang-Hou Hou
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Kunming Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Meng-Xin Lv
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Kunming Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Yunnan, China.
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Langenfeld A, Schema L, Eckerle JK. Genetic developmental disability diagnosed in adulthood: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:28. [PMID: 33494837 PMCID: PMC7831183 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Developmental disabilities (DD) are an umbrella term for conditions associated with functional impairments in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas. Intellectual disability (ID) is a type of developmental disability that results in delays in cognitive or intellectual functioning, such as reasoning, learning, and problem-solving, and adaptive behaviors including social and practical life skills. DD can be due to a variety of factors, ranging from environmental exposures to genetic mutations, and studies suggest that up to 40% of DDs may be caused by genetic issues. Case presentation In this case study, we present an 18-year-old internationally adopted female Chinese American patient with a known history of developmental delay, intellectual disability, strabismus, and a congenital heart defect who had not been tested for genetic causes of her delay prior to presentation. When evaluated with chromosomal microarray, the patient demonstrated a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 5, an area associated with Cri-du-chat syndrome. This chromosomal deletion was a likely explanation for her history of developmental delays, intellectual disability, and congenital heart defect, in addition to her history of institutionalization and the trauma of multiple caregiver transitions in early childhood. The patient was referred for further evaluation by a geneticist and genetic counselor. Conclusions This case highlights that the underlying cause of developmental delay is often multifactorial, and underscores the importance of a full medical evaluation, including genetic testing, for children with intellectual disability. Using this approach, healthcare professionals can identify potential diagnoses and provide more targeted resources to families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Langenfeld
- Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
| | - Lynn Schema
- Division of Pediatric Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 606 24th Avenue S, Suite 500, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Judith K Eckerle
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
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Villa R, Fergnani VGC, Silipigni R, Guerneri S, Cinnante C, Guala A, Danesino C, Scola E, Conte G, Fumagalli M, Gangi S, Colombo L, Picciolini O, Ajmone PF, Accogli A, Madia F, Tassano E, Scala M, Capra V, Srour M, Spaccini L, Righini A, Greco D, Castiglia L, Romano C, Bedeschi MF. Structural brain anomalies in Cri-du-Chat syndrome: MRI findings in 14 patients and possible genotype-phenotype correlations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 28:110-119. [PMID: 32800423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cri-du-Chat Syndrome (CdCS) is a genetic condition due to deletions showing different breakpoints encompassing a critical region on the short arm of chromosome 5, located between p15.2 and p15.3, first defined by Niebuhr in 1978. The classic phenotype includes a characteristic cry, peculiar facies, microcephaly, growth retardation, hypotonia, speech and psychomotor delay and intellectual disability. A wide spectrum of clinical manifestations can be attributed to differences in size and localization of the 5p deletion. Several critical regions related to some of the main features (such as cry, peculiar facies, developmental delay) have been identified. The aim of this study is to further define the genotype-phenotype correlations in CdCS with particular regards to the specific neuroradiological findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fourteen patients with 5p deletions have been included in the present study. Neuroimaging studies were conducted using brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Genetic testing was performed by means of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array at 130 kb resolution. RESULTS MRI analyses showed that isolated pontine hypoplasia is the most common finding, followed by vermian hypoplasia, ventricular anomalies, abnormal basal angle, widening of cavum sellae, increased signal of white matter, corpus callosum anomalies, and anomalies of cortical development. Chromosomal microarray analysis identified deletions ranging in size from 11,6 to 33,8 Mb on the short arm of chromosome 5. Then, we took into consideration the overlapping and non-overlapping deleted regions. The goal was to establish a correlation between the deleted segments and the neuroradiological features of our patients. CONCLUSIONS Performing MRI on all the patients in our cohort, allowed us to expand the neuroradiological phenotype in CdCS. Moreover, possible critical regions associated to characteristic MRI findings have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Villa
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - V G C Fergnani
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - R Silipigni
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - S Guerneri
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Cinnante
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Guala
- Department of Pediatrics, Castelli Hospital, Verbania, Italy.
| | - C Danesino
- Molecular Medicine Department, General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - E Scola
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Conte
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Fumagalli
- NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - S Gangi
- NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - L Colombo
- NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - O Picciolini
- Pediatric Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - P F Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| | - A Accogli
- DINOGMI, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - F Madia
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - E Tassano
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - M Scala
- DINOGMI, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - V Capra
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - M Srour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Center (MUHC) Research Institute, Montreal, Canada.
| | - L Spaccini
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - A Righini
- Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - D Greco
- Oasi Research Institute, IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
| | - L Castiglia
- Oasi Research Institute, IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
| | - C Romano
- Oasi Research Institute, IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
| | - M F Bedeschi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Peng Y, Pang J, Hu J, Jia Z, Xi H, Ma N, Yang S, Liu J, Huang X, Tang C, Wang H. Clinical and molecular characterization of 12 prenatal cases of Cri-du-chat syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1312. [PMID: 32500674 PMCID: PMC7434726 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to define the molecular basis for 12 prenatal cases of Cri‐du‐chat syndrome (CdCS) and the potential genotyping‐phenotyping association. Methods Karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses for copy number variants were performed. Results Nine cases had 5p terminal deletions and three had 5p interstitial deletions, and these cases had variable deletion sizes with partial overlapping. Phenotypically, besides intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and brain as well as heart abnormalities, hypospadias, and lung dysplasia were observed. Potential genetic causes for specific phenotypes in these cases were identified. Conclusion This study defined the molecular bases for the patients of CdCS, which is important for genetic counseling for these families. The findings of present study expand the clinical features of CdCS in the fetal period, and provided important information for further refining the genotypic–phenotypic correlations for this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jialun Pang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengjun Jia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
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8
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Alkaya DU, Karaman B, Tüysüz B. Three Offspring with Cri-du-Chat Syndrome from Phenotypically Normal Parents. Mol Syndromol 2020; 11:97-103. [PMID: 32655341 DOI: 10.1159/000506892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cri-du-chat syndrome is characterized by facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and multiple congenital anomalies. Most cases occur de novo. Here, we report 3 siblings with cri-du-chat syndrome born to healthy parents. The proband was admitted to our clinic at the age of 6.5 years due to severe intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, and heart defect. His karyotype showed a deletion of chromosome 5p. Microarray analysis revealed a 29-Mb deletion in chromosome 5p and a 4.7-Mb duplication in chromosome 19q. FISH analysis indicated an unbalanced translocation between 5p13.3 and 19q13.4. During follow-up, the second and the third child of the family were born with the same chromosome abnormality. Parental peripheral blood and skin fibroblast karyotypes as well as the FISH results using chromosome 5p- and 19q-specific subtelomeric probes were normal. FISH analysis of the father's sperm detected a 5p deletion in 12.8% of 200 cells, and microarray analysis confirmed the same unbalanced chromosome abnormality in a mosaic pattern. Uncultured peripheral blood and buccal smear of the father were also studied by FISH to exclude low-level mosaicism and in vitro culture effect. This is the first study that provides molecular evidence of paternal gonadal mosaicism of an unbalanced translocation detected in 3 siblings with cri-du-chat syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek U Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birsen Karaman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Su J, Fu H, Xie B, Lu W, Li W, Wei Y, Zhang Q, Wei S, Chen Q, Lu Y, Jiang T, Luo J, Qin Z. Prenatal diagnosis of cri-du-chat syndrome by SNP array: report of twelve cases and review of the literature. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:49. [PMID: 31827621 PMCID: PMC6902614 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cri-du-chat syndrome (CdCS; OMIM#123450) is a classic contiguous gene syndrome caused by chromosome 5p terminal deletion (5p-), which characterized by a high-pitched cat-like cry, developmental delay, severe psychomotor, mental retardation, and dysmorphic features in infancy. Prenatal diagnosis of CdCS is difficult due to the non-specific ultrasound features. And reports using array analysis are rare. This study presented the first retrospective analysis of prenatal series of CdCS fetuses diagnosed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in China. Case presentation A total of 35,233 pregnant women were enrolled from Jan 2014 to April 2019 in our center, there are twelve 5p- cases with abnormal sonographic signs revealed by SNP array, giving an incidence of 0.034% (12/35,233). Clinical information and molecular basis included: maternal demographics, indications for invasive testing, sonographic findings and SNP array results. Among all the 5p- cases revealed, nine cases were diagnosed by both karyotyping and SNP array, three cases were detected only by SNP array. Half of our cases (6/12) had an isolated 5p terminal deletion, which sizes ranged from 9.0 Mb to 30 Mb. The other half of cases (6/12) characterized by unbalanced translocation, with sex ratio 7:5 (female: male), when combine the clinical features observed from this study and available literature, the most frequent anomaly observed in prenatal ultrasound examination of CdCS was cerebral abnormalities, accounted for 44.4% (16/36) of the existing cases. Features that are less consistent included: choroid plexus cyst (13.8%, 5/36), single umbilical artery (13.3%, 4/30), ventricular septal defect (11.1%, 4/36), hydrops fetalis (8.3%, 3/36), ascites (8.3%, 3/36), increased NT/NF (8.3%, 3/36), absent/severely hypoplastic nasal bone (5.5%, 2/36), in order. Conclusion Prenatal findings such as cerebral abnormalities, absent/hypoplastic nasal bone, hydrops fetalis, ascites or encephalocele may act as suggestive signs of CdCS or other microdeletion/duplication syndromes. Combining typical karyotyping with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is a definitive method for a precise diagnosis of CdCS and provides more accurate results in order to offer genetic counseling to families which need to deal with cryptic aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasun Su
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Huayu Fu
- 2Department of Genetic Counseling, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.225, Xinyang Road, Nanning, China
| | - Bobo Xie
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Weiliang Lu
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Li
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Shengkai Wei
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Yingchi Lu
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- 1Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
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Vado Y, Errea-Dorronsoro J, Llano-Rivas I, Gorria N, Pereda A, Gener B, Garcia-Naveda L, Perez de Nanclares G. Cri-du-chat syndrome mimics Silver-Russell syndrome depending on the size of the deletion: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:124. [PMID: 30587166 PMCID: PMC6307281 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver-Russell Syndrome (SRS) is a rare growth-related genetic disorder mainly characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth failure. Although molecular causes are not clear in all cases, the most common mechanisms involved in SRS are loss of methylation on chromosome 11p15 (≈50%) and maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 7 (upd(7)mat) (≈10%). CASE PRESENTATION We present a girl with clinical suspicion of SRS (intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, prominent forehead, triangular face, mild psychomotor delay, transient neonatal hypoglycemia, mild hypotonia and single umbilical artery). Methylation and copy number variations at chromosomes 11 and 7 were studied by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and as no alterations were found, molecular karyotyping was performed. A deletion at 5p15.33p15.2 was identified (arr[GRCh37] 5p15.33p15.2(25942-11644643)× 1), similar to those found in patients with Cri-du-chat Syndrome (CdCS). CdCS is a genetic disease resulting from a deletion of variable size occurring on the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p-), whose main feature is a high-pitched mewing cry in infancy, accompanied by multiple congenital anomalies, intellectual disability, microcephaly and facial dysmorphism. CONCLUSIONS The absence of some CdCS features in the current patient could be due to the fact that in her case the critical regions responsible do not lie within the identified deletion. In fact, a literature review revealed a high degree of concordance between the clinical manifestations of the two syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerai Vado
- Rare Diseases Research Group. Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba Health Research Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba Spain
| | - Javier Errea-Dorronsoro
- Rare Diseases Research Group. Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba Health Research Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Isabel Llano-Rivas
- Service of Genetics, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Nerea Gorria
- Service of Pediatric Neurology, BioAraba Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba Spain
| | - Arrate Pereda
- Rare Diseases Research Group. Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba Health Research Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Blanca Gener
- Service of Genetics, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Laura Garcia-Naveda
- Service of Genetics, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Rare Diseases Research Group. Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba Health Research Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
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