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Hosoya K. Impact of infectious disease pandemics on individual lifetime consumption: An endogenous time preference approach. J Macroecon 2023; 76:103506. [PMID: 36777261 PMCID: PMC9899125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2023.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on long-term individual lifetime consumption profiles. The framework for the analysis is a model that extends Strulik (2021) to include the government sector, where time preference is determined by individual health damage (deficit) distinct from normal aging. Thus, the health damage caused by COVID-19 changes the rate of time preference and consequently affects the Euler equation for consumption. Our theoretical contribution is the consistent incorporation of public health investment into the existing model to understand the effect of government measures against a pandemic. Numerical analysis based on this model is used to estimate changes in health status over time, trends in the rate of time preference, and individual lifetime consumption profiles, taking into account differences in age at the time of the pandemic and the nature of the government responses. Because the long-term negative economic impact would be enormous, we should avoid advocating for "living with COVID-19" without due consideration. The reopening of the economy must be accompanied by a commitment to the containment and elimination of infections with future novel coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hosoya
- Faculty of Economics, Kokugakuin University, 4-10-28 Higashi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8440, Japan
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Ihara T, Narumi D, Fukuda S, Kondo H, Genchi Y. Loss of disability-adjusted life years due to heat-related sleep disturbance in the Japanese. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2023; 21:69-84. [PMID: 38468899 PMCID: PMC10899916 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify the sleep disturbances caused by climate change using disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The revised sleep quality index for daily sleep (SQIDS2), a self-administered questionnaire for daily sleep quality, was developed to assess daily sleep disturbances. This questionnaire referenced and simplified the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). This study was conducted in Nagoya City in August 2011 and 2012. Sleep quality was measured using SQIDS2 and PSQI. A total of 574 participants in 2011 and 710 in 2012 responded to the survey. The sleep disturbance prevalence calculated from the SQIDS2 score was correlated with the daily minimum temperature (p = 0.0067). This score increased when the daily minimum temperature was above 24.8 °C. When correcting for the PSQI score, DALY loss due to heat-related sleep disturbances in Nagoya City (population: 2,266,851) was estimated to be 81.8 years in 2012. This value was comparable to the DALY loss due to heatstroke. Sleep disturbance due to climate change was quantified using the DALY based on the PSQI. Legislators must recognize the critical impact of the damage caused by sleep disturbances due to high temperatures at night. Additionally, a daily minimum temperature of 25 °C should be the starting point when establishing a goal or guideline for nighttime temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ihara
- Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563 Japan
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569 Japan
| | - Daisuke Narumi
- Division of Social Engineering and Environmental Management, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Sanae Fukuda
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, 3-11-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka 582-0026 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kondo
- Japan Weather Association, 3-1-1, Higashi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 177-6055 Japan
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569 Japan
| | - Yutaka Genchi
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569 Japan
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Feng Y, Liu T, Xu S, Ren Y, Ge Y, Yin L, Pu Y, Liang G. The role of N6-methyladenosine methylation in environmental exposure-induced health damage. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:69153-69175. [PMID: 35951238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The health risks caused by environmental pollution have long been of substantial concern. With the development of epigenetics, a large number of studies have demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is involved in the regulation of various important life activities associated with various diseases. Recent studies have revealed that m6A plays a key role in health damage caused by environmental exposure by regulating post-transcriptional gene expression. Therefore, our study outlined the effects of environmental pollutant exposure on m6A methylation and its regulator levels. Moreover, we found that m6A methylation modifications were involved in the development of various health damages by regulating important life activities in vivo, such as reactive oxygen species imbalance, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inflammatory processes. More importantly, we delved into the regulatory mechanisms of m6A methylation dysregulation in environmental pollution-induced diseases. Finally, by examining the published literature, we found that methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) and fat mass- and obesity-associated protein (FTO) were potentially used as biomarkers of health damage induced by particulate matter exposure and heavy metal exposure, respectively. The current studies on regulators of METTL3 and FTO were more promising to bring new perspectives for the treatment of environmental health-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiling Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Liang RY, Dong CQ, Yuan L, Jiang BY, Wang DM, Chen WH. [Progress in the epidemiological studies on coal mine dust exposure with workers' health damage]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2022; 40:476-480. [PMID: 35785908 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210918-00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coal is one of the major fuels, which brings huge energy and economic benefits to global industry and daily life. large amounts of coal dust produced in the process of coal mining and transportation, which seriously threatens the health of related workers. Productive coal dust exposure not only directly leads to respiratory diseases, but also may cause health damage to various systems throughout the body. Numerous studies have shown that coal dust exposure is closely associated with decreased lung function, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, and the severity of diseases is affected by coal rank, coal dust concentration, cumulative dust exposure, coal dust composition, and individual lifestyle, etc. The article comprehensively summarized the progress of the epidemiological studies on the health hazards of coal miners from coal dust exposure, in order to provide clues for further researches on health damage and protect the health of the occupational population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - C Q Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - L Yuan
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Education, Huainan 232001, China
| | - B Y Jiang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Education, Huainan 232001, China
| | - D M Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - W H Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Peruga A, Rodríguez Lozano F, López MJ, Córdoba García R, Nerín I, Sureda X, Fernández E. [Tobacco heated products: a new challenge in tobacco control]. Gac Sanit 2022; 36:57-59. [PMID: 33563478 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As cigarette sales decline, the tobacco industry has turned to the sale of heated tobacco products (HTP), which are on the rise. We are concerned with reports erroneously indicating that heated tobacco is associated with a lower risk of cancer and other diseases than conventional cigarettes, citing as a source the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States. The FDA has indeed authorized the sale of an HTP, but denies that this approval is an endorsement of the product or that it is safe. Philip Morris asked the FDA to approve this product as a "modified risk" tobacco product. However, the Agency denied that the risk to users' health was less than conventional cigarettes, despite emitting less amount of some toxicants. Spain and the European Union should end the regulatory privileges that HTPs have until now. We identified at least five aspects to improve: 1) compliance with the prohibition of HTPs use where smoking is prohibited; 2) control of the prohibition of advertising, promotion, and sponsorship of HTPs; 3) that HTPs carry the same type of labeling as cigarettes; 4) limit that HTPs have characteristic aromas; and 5) treat HTPs fiscally at the same level as cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Peruga
- Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas de Salud, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Rodrigo Córdoba García
- Centro de Salud Delicias Sur, Zaragoza, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - Isabel Nerín
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Grupo de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España; Departamento de Epidemiología y Bioestadística, Escuela de Salud Pública y Políticas de Salud, City University of New York, Nueva York, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Unidad de Control de Tabaco, Centro Colaborador de la OMS en Control del Tabaco, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España.
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Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhao X, Cao L, Tong R. Effectiveness of road dust suppressants: insights from particulate matter-related health damage. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:4139-4162. [PMID: 33778916 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although dust suppressants are widely applied to control road dust pollution, a consensus on their effectiveness has not been reached. To evaluate the effectiveness of dust suppressants (a calcium-magnesium complex) from health risks and health damage, spraying and sampling activities were conducted at four sites in Beijing. Using inhalation risk model and health damage assessment, health risks of PMx for three sensitive occupational groups were calculated and converted to life and economic loss. Results revealed that dust suppressants can indeed mitigate PM pollution and its accompanying health risks and health damage in road dust, but at a limited efficiency. By spraying dust suppressants, the total PM-related life loss reduced by 1.60E-02 years and 2.50E-04 years in urban and suburban areas on average, and the total willingness to pay (WTP) values decreased by 120 and 50 US$ for PM2.5 and PM10, indicating a more considerable environmental gain if dust suppressants were sprayed in additional regions when necessary. Overall, our study demonstrated that the effectiveness of dust suppressants cannot be pictured only by the variations of pollutant concentrations, and indicators with practice and economic value should be more useful for traffic-related pollution management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boling Zhang
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lanxin Cao
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruipeng Tong
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Tong R, Cao L, Yang X, Zhang B. Health damage to housewives by contaminants emitted from coal combustion in the Chinese countryside: focusing on day-to-day cooking. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021. [PMID: 34283291 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to estimate the health damage and find out the main exposure pathways of housewives posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) from coal combustion in rural areas of China. METHODS We obtained the concentrations of 16 PAHs and 8 HMs from published literatures and the Monte Carlo simulation was used to process and analysis the data. Sensitivity analysis was also applied to clear parameter uncertainty and the health damage of housewives was quantitatively evaluated by loss of life expectancy. RESULTS Housewives' carcinogenic risks from PAHs exposure were in descending order of inhalation > ingestion > dermal contact, while exposed to HMs were ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. The carcinogenic risks from PAHs primarily originated from benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenz[ah]anthracene (DahA) and benzo[b]fluorathene (BbF). For HMs, arsenic posed the highest carcinogenic risk to housewives, with a contribution of 92.98%. In addition, the life expectancy loss of housewives exposed to PAHs was 469.04 min from inhalation and 51.82 min for HMs from ingestion. CONCLUSION Through a comprehensive assessment of the health risks in housewives exposed to emissions from coal combustion, we can gain insight into the hazards from PAHs and HMs in housewives, and take measures to reduce their exposure risks.
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Thakur BK, Gupta V. Valuing health damages due to groundwater arsenic contamination in Bihar, India. Econ Hum Biol 2019; 35:123-132. [PMID: 31325816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper estimates the health damages due to arsenicosis among people residing in two districts of Bihar, India. A primary survey of 388 households' comprises 3469 individuals from two arsenic-contaminated districts namely Patna and Bhojpur from Bihar was conducted to collect the data. Arsenic field test kits was used to test the arsenic level in drinking water of the sample households. The water test results indicate that 18.3% of the sample contained 50 ppb of arsenic, and 5.12% of the sample contained the arsenic between 300 and 500 ppb. Water source, doctor visits, work loss, and arsenic concentration levels are significant and positively related to arsenicosis, and awareness is significant but negatively related to arsenicosis. The incidence rate of arsenicosis was found to be more among females than males and children. Per-capita income, sanitation, awareness, and depth of water sources are significant and positively related to defensive activities, i.e., water purification. The annual wage loss, cost of treatment, and cost of illness for sample households are estimated as INR 2437.92 ($45.83), INR 5942.40 ($111.72) and INR 8380.32 ($157.55), respectively. The annual cost of illness for the society is estimated as INR 265.97 million ($5 million). Finally, the paper suggests policy implications of providing safe drinking water in the arsenic-affected areas in the State of Bihar, India, which can help reduce arsenicosis in sustainable manner, improve well-being and potential productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Kumar Thakur
- Department of Economics, FLAME University, 401, Phoenix Complex Bund Garden Road, Opposite Residency Club, 411001 Pune, India.
| | - Vijaya Gupta
- National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Mumbai 400087, India
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Fan F, Lei Y, Li L. Health damage assessment of particulate matter pollution in Jing-Jin-Ji region of China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:7883-7895. [PMID: 30684179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Jing-Jin-Ji is the largest and most dynamic economic region in northern China, and its air pollution has attracted much public attention. Scientific evaluation of health losses caused by air pollution can provide decision-making basis for formulation and improvement of pollution reduction policies in the Jing-Jin-Ji region. This paper estimated the adverse effects of particulate matter pollution on health in the Jing-Jin-Ji region in 2016 by using logarithmic linear exposure-response function, and monetized the health effects by adjusting human capital method and disease cost method. The results show non-ignorable health hazards and economic impacts caused by atmospheric particulate pollution. The economic losses relevant to health hazards by PM2.5 in the Jing-Jin-Ji region are 122.40 billion yuan, and those relevant to PM10 are 118.34 billion yuan, accounting for 1.62% and 1.56% of the region's GDP, respectively. Similar evaluations previously conducted in other countries yielded figures within the same order of magnitude. Considering the difference in economic losses per unit among disease types, the economic losses caused by air pollution in the Jing-Jin-Ji region mainly come from premature deaths. Infants and elderly people are the main victims of particulate matter. Affected by population, pollutant concentration, industrial structure, and other factors, the economic losses of particulate matter pollution in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Baoding are large. In order to reduce health hazards and economic impacts caused by particulate matter pollution, this paper put forward to guide the urban population diversion, reduce the outgoing frequency of susceptible groups such as infants and the elderly in haze weather, adopt high-efficiency particulate matter air purifier indoors, and develop public transportation to reduce motor vehicle exhaust emissions. In Tianjin and Hebei, promoting cleaner production in industries such as steel and cement and reducing coal use in the power industry are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Fan
- Research Center for Strategy of Global Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
- MNR Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environments, Institute of Mineral Resources, GAGS, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yalin Lei
- School of Humanities and Economic Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Li Li
- School of Humanities and Economic Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, Beijing, 100011, China
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Zhao X, Yu X, Wang Y, Fan C. Economic evaluation of health losses from air pollution in Beijing, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:11716-11728. [PMID: 26944425 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aggravated air pollution in Beijing, China has caused serious health concern. This paper comprehensively evaluates the health losses from illness and premature death caused by air pollution in monetary terms. We use the concentration of PM10 as an indicator of the pollution since it constitutes the primary pollutant in Beijing. By our estimation, air pollution in Beijing caused a health loss equivalent to Ұ583.02 million or 0.03 % of its GDP. Most of the losses took the form of depreciation in human capital that resulted from premature death. The losses from premature deaths were most salient for people of either old or young ages, with the former group suffering from the highest mortality rates and the latter group the highest per capital losses of human capitals from premature death. Policies that target on PM10 emission reduction, urban vegetation expansion, and protection of vulnerable groups are all proposed as possible solutions to air pollution risks in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhao
- School of Business Administration, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyang Fan
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
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