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van Tilburg MAL, Monis EL, Braumann RE, Fleishman K, Lamm K. Hypnotherapy as a medical treatment: Evidence-based or pseudoscience? Complement Ther Clin Pract 2024; 55:101841. [PMID: 38387324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypnotherapy continues to be a controversial practice in medicine. It is surrounded by myth and misuses that instill doubts about its legitimacy and usefulness. PURPOSE In this paper, we will distinguish pseudoscientific claims from evidence-based uses of hypnotherapy. RESULTS The use and acceptability of hypnotherapy has varied over history. Pseudoscientific uses, based on outdated theories that it can access the unconscious mind, have delegitimized hypnotherapy. Modern theories that hypnosis uses common social, emotional, and cognitive processes combined with evidence-based methods have re-established the use of hypnotherapy in many physical and mental health disorders and symptoms. Currently it is a widely accepted and recommended treatment for irritable bowel syndrome, with evidence building for many other applications. CONCLUSION Hypnotherapy, as a pseudoscience, can become unethical and cause distress for the patient and their families. Hypnotherapy, as an evidence-based treatment, can be used as a powerful tool to treat physical and psychological symptoms related to medical ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A L van Tilburg
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA; Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth L Monis
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Ryan E Braumann
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Fleishman
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Lamm
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
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Vayne-Bossert P. Hypnosis for Symptom Management in Adult Cancer Patients: What is the Evidence? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:364-375. [PMID: 38236333 PMCID: PMC10894763 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT As a palliative care specialist and a hypnotherapist, I use therapeutic communication and conversational hypnosis daily in my patient - doctor relationship. Formal hypnotherapy sessions are integrated in my practice whenever patients are open or wish for such an approach in relation to a specific symptom, for better overall management of their disease burden and/or enhanced well-being. Although hypnosis has been used for centuries in medical practice and for thousands of years in healing practices in ancient cultures all over the world, the evidence remains scarce. Nevertheless, in the last 10 years several randomised controlled trials have been conducted, building up an evidence base. In contrast to most oncological treatments, hypnotherapy is far from being considered evidence-based "standard care". It is however, if practiced by a trained health care professional, almost free of side effects and therefore potentially has a very favourable benefit-to-harm ratio. The question arises whether hypnotherapy will ever become a standard of care intervention? This seems unlikely since its efficacy may be influenced by the patient's belief in hypnosis and compliance to therapy. Furthermore, a fundamental necessity is a personalised approach that moves hypnotherapy more into the category of individual-centred care rather than standard care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Vayne-Bossert
- Geneva University Hospitals, Hôpital de Bellerive, 11 Chemin de La Savonnière, 1245, Collonge-Bellerive, Switzerland.
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Eason AD, Parris BA. The importance of highlighting the role of the self in hypnotherapy and hypnosis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2024; 54:101810. [PMID: 38061322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The role of the patient in hypnotherapy can be underestimated by both the therapist and the patient. This is likely due to the focus the hypnosis literature has had on the role played by the hypnotist/therapist and less on the phenomenological control (control over subjective experience) applied by the patient. Whilst early approaches to hypnosis and hypnotherapy included concepts such as autosuggestion and self-hypnosis, the role of the self has been largely overlooked. Here we aim to highlight the importance of the self in hypnotherapy and hypnosis by considering the concept of self-hypnosis and how it relates to hetero-hypnosis. We will show that: 1) historically the self was an important component of the concept of hypnosis; 2) extant theories emphasise the role of the self in hypnosis; 3) self-hypnosis is largely indistinguishable from hetero-hypnosis; 4) self-hypnosis is as effective as hetero-hypnosis. We also argue that highlighting the role of the self in hypnotherapy and hypnosis could increase feelings of self-efficacy, especially given that it can be considered a skill that can be advanced and implies self-control and not "mind-control". Highlighting the role of phenomenological control by the patient could also increase the uptake of hypnotherapy as treatment for various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Eason
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, UK.
| | - Benjamin A Parris
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, UK
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Berry SK, Berry R, Recker D, Botbyl J, Pun L, Chey WD. A Randomized Parallel-group Study of Digital Gut-directed Hypnotherapy vs Muscle Relaxation for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:3152-3159.e2. [PMID: 37391055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gut-directed hypnotherapy (GDH) is effective for treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but access limits its widespread use. We report the first randomized controlled trial comparing the safety and efficacy of a self-administered, digital GDH treatment program with that of digital muscle relaxation (MR) in adults with IBS. METHODS After a 4-week run-in period, patients were randomized to 12 weeks of treatment with digital GDH (Regulora), or digital MR accessed via a mobile app on a smartphone or tablet. The primary endpoint was abdominal pain response, defined as ≥30% reduction from baseline in average daily abdominal pain intensity in the 4 weeks following treatment. Key secondary outcomes included mean change from baseline in abdominal pain, stool consistency, and stool frequency. RESULTS Of 378 randomized patients, 362 were treated and included in the efficacy analysis. A similar proportion of the GDH (30.4%) and MR (27.1%) groups met the primary endpoint, with no significant difference between the groups (P = .5352). Significantly more patients treated with GDH than MR were abdominal pain responders during the last 4 weeks of treatment (30.9% vs 21.5%; P = .0232) and over the entire treatment period (29.3% vs 18.8%; P = .0254). Improvements in abdominal pain, stool consistency, and stool frequency were consistent across IBS subtypes. No patients experienced serious adverse events or adverse events leading to study discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with a digital GDH program led to an improvement in abdominal pain and stool symptoms in patients with IBS, supporting a role for this intervention as part of integrated care for IBS. CLINICALTRIALS gov identifier NCT04133519.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer K Berry
- New York Gastroenterology Associates, New York, New York
| | - Rani Berry
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California.
| | | | | | - Lucy Pun
- Elevated Health, Huntington Beach, California
| | - William D Chey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Roslim NA, Ahmad A, Mansor M, Aung MMT, Hamzah F, Lua PL. A Qualitative Exploration of Weight Loss Experiences through Hypnotherapy. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37378644 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2023.2227237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Hypnotherapy has been gaining recognition as an alternative treatment for excess weight problems. This qualitative study aims to explore individuals' experiences of losing weight through hypnotherapy and their perceived barriers and facilitators for healthy lifestyle changes. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 participants (11 women and 4 men; mean age of 23 years) who recorded having lost ≥5% weight after undergoing 3 hypnotherapy sessions previously at a public university in Terengganu, Malaysia. Each interview was audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The themes that emerged were the usefulness of hypnotherapy, barriers, and facilitators of healthy lifestyle changes. All participants contended that hypnotherapy played a role in their weight-loss journey through increased mindful eating and enhanced motivation to make lifestyle modifications. Barriers to healthy lifestyle changes included high costs of healthy foods and lack of support for healthy food sources in social and family settings. Hypnotherapy is essential as an adjunct tool in assisting weight loss. However, additional efforts are needed to improve support in the weight management journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Afiedia Roslim
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Aryati Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Mansor
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Myat Moe Thwe Aung
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Farrahdilla Hamzah
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Pei Lin Lua
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
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Coitinho Biurra Y, Chesterman S, Skvarc D, Mikocka-Walus A, Evans S. Hypnotherapy for chronic pelvic pain: A scoping systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 52:101771. [PMID: 37253319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is typically managed with anti-inflammatory analgesics and opioids; however, these do not adequately manage the pain or address the associated negative impact on quality of life. Hypnotherapy has been found to reduce pain associated with a range of disorders, including some with symptoms of chronic pain. AIM The aim of this review is to systematically scope research investigating the use of hypnosis on chronic pelvic pain, quality of life, anxiety, depression and fatigue. METHOD The scoping review was guided by the method described by Arksey and O'Mallee [1]. A systematic search was conducted in six databases. The Covidence Risk of Bias tool and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool were used. RESULTS Nine studies (four RCT's and five case series) were suitable for inclusion. Meta-analysis of the RCT's found no significant difference in pain or quality of life for the intervention group compared to controls. Only one study reported a reduction in pain after hypnotherapy and did not outperform controls. These results are limited due to lack of a standardised intervention and heterogeneity of the included studies. CONCLUSION There is a need for further research using well designed randomized controlled trials with validated measures of pain, quality of life, anxiety, depression and fatigue. Hypnotherapy interventions utilised in further research should be grounded in evidence-based best practice for dealing with pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Chesterman
- School of Psychology, Deakin University Geelong, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - David Skvarc
- School of Psychology, Deakin University Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Subhadra Evans
- School of Psychology, Deakin University Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
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Ahmad B, Gill I, Liblik K, Uppal JS, El-Diasty M. The Role of Hypnotherapy in Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patients, A Scoping Review of Current Literature. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023:101787. [PMID: 37187215 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypnotherapy has been proposed as an emerging tool that can be implemented in management of different aspects of postoperative cardiac surgical care. This technique involves hypnotic induction to redirect focus and attention away from post-surgical pain. Emerging literature has shown that hypnosis significantly improves emotional distress immediately preceding surgical procedures and these effects have been demonstrated to extend into the postoperative period. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize current literature on the role of hypnotherapy in the management of perioperative pain, anxiety, and depression in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS A database search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. We included all comparative studies (randomized and non-randomized) that examined the effect of hypnotherapy on pain, anxiety, and depression in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Included articles were restricted to adult patients and English language only. RESULTS Literature search yielded a total of 64 articles, of which, 14 duplicates were removed. After title and abstract screening, only 18 articles were included for full-text review. Six studies (with a total number of 420 patients) were included in the final analysis. Of these, five were randomized control trials and one was a cohort study. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that there may be a potential role for the use of hypnotherapy in the management of pain, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in the perioperative period of cardiac surgery. However, more robust evidence is required to justify its incorporation in the routine perioperative management pathways in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Ahmad
- Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Isha Gill
- Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kiera Liblik
- Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad El-Diasty
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Bastek V, van Vliet M. A whole new world of healing: exploring medical hypnotherapy for pediatric patients : A review. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04983-5. [PMID: 37145215 PMCID: PMC10160735 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review aims to unravel the potential of medical hypnotherapy for the treatment of children with a variety of diseases and symptoms. Going beyond its history and assumed neurophysiology, the chances of success for hypnotherapy will be outlined per pediatric speciality, accentuated by clinical research and experiences. Future implications and recommendations are given on extracting the positive effects of medical hypnotherapy for all pediatricians. Conclusion: Medical hypnotherapy is an effective treatment for children with specified conditions such as abdominal pain or headache. Studies suggest effectiveness for other pediatric disciplines, from the first line up to third line of care. In a time in which health is defined as 'a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being', hypnotherapy stays an underrated treatment option for children. It is a unique mind-body treatment, which true potential still needs to be unraveled. What is Known: • Mind-body health techniques become a more relevant and accepted part of treatment in pediatric patients. • Medical hypnotherapy is an effective treatment for children with specified conditions such as functional abdominal pain. What is New: • Studies suggest the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in a high variety of pediatric symptoms and disease. • Hypnotherapy is a unique mind-body treatment which potential goes far beyond its current utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bastek
- Department of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry, Klinikum Region Hannover GmbH, Wunstorf, Germany
| | - Michel van Vliet
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
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Császár-Nagy N, Bókkon I. Hypnotherapy and IBS: Implicit, long-term stress memory in the ENS? Heliyon 2022; 9:e12751. [PMID: 36685398 PMCID: PMC9849985 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and psychiatric and mood disorders may be more fundamental than was previously believed. Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal, and early-age conditions can have a key role in the development of IBS. Subthreshold mental disorders (SMDs) could also be a significant source of countless diverse diseases and may be a cause of IBS development. We hypothesize that stress-induced implicit memories may persist throughout life by epigenetic processes in the enteric nervous system (ENS). These stress-induced implicit memories may play an essential role in the emergence and maintenance of IBS. In recent decades, numerous studies have proven that hypnosis can improve the primary symptoms of IBS and also reduce noncolonic symptoms such as anxiety and depression and improve quality of life and cognitive function. These significant beneficial effects of hypnosis on IBS may be because hypnosis allows access to unconscious brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Császár-Nagy
- National University of Public Services, Budapest, Hungary,Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - I. Bókkon
- Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, Budapest, Hungary,Vision Research Institute, Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Lowell, MA, USA,Corresponding author. H-1238, Budapest, Láng Endre 68, Hungary.
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Browne PD, de Bruijn CMA, Speksnijder EM, Hollander BD, van Wering HM, Wessels MMS, Groeneweg M, Goede J, Frankenhuis C, Tromp E, Benninga MA, Vlieger AM. Skills or Pills: Randomized Trial Comparing Hypnotherapy to Medical Treatment in Children With Functional Nausea. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:1847-1856.e6. [PMID: 34718171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The potential effectiveness of gut-directed hypnotherapy (HT) is unknown for pediatric chronic nausea. This randomized controlled trial compared HT with standard medical treatment (SMT). METHODS One hundred children (ages, 8-18 y) with chronic nausea and fulfilling functional nausea (FN) or functional dyspepsia (FD) criteria were allocated randomly (1:1) to HT or SMT, with a 3-month intervention period. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, at the halfway point, after treatment, and at the 6- and 12-month follow-up evaluation. Children scored nausea symptoms in a 7-day diary. The primary outcome was treatment success, defined as a reduction in nausea of 50% or more, at the 12-month follow-up evaluation. Secondary outcomes included adequate relief of nausea. RESULTS After treatment and at the 6-month follow-up evaluation, there was a trend toward higher treatment success in the HT group compared with the SMT group (45% vs 26%, P = .052; and 57% vs 40%, P = .099, respectively). At 12 months, treatment success was similar in both groups (60% in the HT group and 55% in the SMT group; P = .667). In the FN group, significantly higher success rates were found for HT, but no differences were found in patients with FD. Adequate relief was significantly higher in the HT group than in the SMT group at the 6-month follow-up evaluation (children: 81% vs 55%, P = .014; parents: 79% vs 53%; P = .016), but not at the 12-month follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSIONS HT and SMT were effective in reducing nausea symptoms in children with FN and FD. In children with FN, HT was more effective than SMT during and after the first 6 months of treatment. Therefore, HT and SMT, applied separately or in combination, should be offered to children with FN as a treatment option (Clinical trials registration number: NTR5814).
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Kinsinger SW, Joyce C, Venu M, Palsson OS. Pilot Study of a Self-Administered Hypnosis Intervention for Functional Dyspepsia. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3017-25. [PMID: 34342754 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a chronic disorder of the upper gastrointestinal tract that currently lacks substantially effective therapy options. AIMS To evaluate the feasibility and potential impact on FD symptoms and well-being of a fully automated gut-directed hypnosis intervention delivered via audio recordings. METHODS FD patients were enrolled at a single medical center and given access to a password-protected website where they completed 7 bi-weekly audio-recorded hypnosis sessions over a 3-month period. Study questionnaires including the Patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal symptom severity index, Short-Form Nepean Dyspepsia Index, the Visceral Sensitivity Index, and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) were completed online pre-treatment, mid-treatment, post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Of 23 enrolled patients (18 females; mean age = 38 years), 96% completed the entire treatment program and 3-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses showed significant improvement at both end of treatment and 3-month follow-up in dyspepsia severity and quality of life, as well as in gut-specific anxiety and psychological distress. 68% of treatment completers reported that their FD symptoms were improved. Improvement in FD severity was significantly positively correlated with baseline PAGI-SYM total scores and BSI Global Severity Index scores. CONCLUSIONS The fully automated hypnosis audio treatment program, which requires no therapist or clinician involvement, demonstrated excellent feasibility and resulted in significant improvement in FD symptoms, quality of life and emotional well-being. The results indicate that the intervention has high potential as adjunctive therapy for FD and warrants further investigation in a randomized controlled trial.
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12
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Tham SG, Lidbetter N, Pedley R, Smithson D, Lukoseviciute B, Gooding P. An evaluation of Anxiety UK's psychological therapy service outcomes. J Affect Disord 2022; 301:478-485. [PMID: 34990637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent. The aim was to examine the effectiveness of Anxiety UK's national psychological therapy service; benchmarking against NHS IAPT data. METHODS We examined psychological therapy outcome data for Anxiety UK clients who completed therapy between April 2019 - March 2020 and benchmarked this against NHS Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) outcome data for the same period. Anxiety UK clients completed validated measures of anxiety and depression at two time points: the first and last therapy session. Caseness, recovery, reliable improvement and reliable recovery rates were based on IAPT definitions. RESULTS 957 clients completed at least two psychological therapy sessions with an Anxiety UK Approved Therapist. Recovery, reliable improvement, and reliably recovered rates exceeded IAPT targets. Depression and anxiety reduced from first to last session. Cognitive behavioural therapy produced the greatest change in anxiety over time compared to counselling and hypnotherapy. The more therapy sessions attended, the greater the change in anxiety and depression scores from the first to last session. LIMITATIONS For some clients, anxiety and depression levels may have alleviated without therapy. No outcome data were collected following therapy cessation. Therefore, conclusions regarding maintenance and long-term effects of therapy cannot be made. CONCLUSION Anxiety UK provide highly effective psychological therapies for anxiety and depression. Flexibility in the number of therapy sessions provided is recommended for NHS services and those of external organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Gwan Tham
- Anxiety UK, Nunes House, 447 Chester Road, Manchester M16 9HA, UK
| | - Nicky Lidbetter
- Anxiety UK, Nunes House, 447 Chester Road, Manchester M16 9HA, UK.
| | - Rebecca Pedley
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, UK
| | - Dave Smithson
- Anxiety UK, Nunes House, 447 Chester Road, Manchester M16 9HA, UK
| | | | - Patricia Gooding
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, UK; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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Geagea D, Griffin B, Kimble R, Polito V, Terhune DB, Tyack Z. Hypnotherapy for procedural pain, itch, and state anxiety in children with acute burns: a feasibility and acceptability study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:58. [PMID: 35264248 PMCID: PMC8905723 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burns and related procedures are painful and distressing for children, exposing them to acute and chronic sequelae that can negatively affect their physiological, psychological, and social functions. Non-pharmacological interventions such as distraction techniques are beneficial adjuncts to pharmacological agents for procedural pain, state anxiety, and itch in children with burns but have limitations (e.g. lack of research on burn-related itch, tailoring, and consensus on optimal treatment). Hypnotherapy is a non-pharmacological intervention that can be tailored for varied settings and populations with evidence of benefit for itch and superior effectiveness in comparison to other non-pharmacological interventions for children’s procedural pain and state anxiety. Thus, children with burns can benefit from hypnotherapy as an adjunct to pharmacological agents. Yet, in paediatric burns, rigorous studies of effectiveness are limited and no studies have been identified that screen for hypnotic suggestibility, an important predictor of hypnotherapy outcomes. Considering potential barriers to the delivery of hypnotherapy in paediatric burns, the proposed study will examine the feasibility and acceptability of hypnotic suggestibility screening followed by hypnotherapy for procedural pain, state anxiety, and itch in children with acute burns. Methods An observational mixed-methods feasibility and acceptability study will be conducted over 15 weeks. Eligible children (N = 30) aged 4 to 16 years presenting to a paediatric burns outpatient centre in a metropolitan children’s hospital in Australia with acute burns requiring dressing changes will be included. Eligible parents of children (N = up to 30) and clinicians who perform dressing changes (N = up to 20) will also be included. Child participants screened as having medium to high suggestibility as assessed by behavioural measures will receive hypnotherapy during dressing changes. A process evaluation will target feasibility and acceptability as primary outcomes and implementation (i.e. fidelity in delivery), reach, potential effectiveness, and adoption of evaluation procedures and intervention as secondary outcomes. Discussion Ethical approval was obtained from the Queensland Children’s Hospital and Health Service ethics committee. Results will be published in peer-reviewed publications and conference proceedings. The findings will guide the design of future trials on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and inform the development of child-centred hypnotic interventions in children with burns. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000988954 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-022-01017-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Geagea
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn Griffin
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4058, Australia.,Pegg Leditschke Paediatric Burns Centre, The Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Roy Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4058, Australia.,Pegg Leditschke Paediatric Burns Centre, The Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Vince Polito
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Zephanie Tyack
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation (AusHSI) and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
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Ruan QZ, Chen GH. Hypnosis As A Therapy for Chronic Lower Back Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2022; 26:65-71. [PMID: 35076877 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-022-01004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic lower back pain is a crippling condition for the individual and a significant burden on society. It is notoriously challenging to manage despite access to invasive interventions. Understanding hypnosis as a powerful therapeutic adjunct to this condition allows holistic treatment of patients in distress. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to classic etiologies of chronic lower back pain, hypnosis has proven to be beneficial in chronic back pain caused by pregnancy, diabetic and HIV neuropathy. Combination of hypnosis with other mind-body techniques such as olfactory stimulation, music therapy and patient education offers further promise to this treatment modality. Our review provides a run-through of the fundamental mechanisms of hypnosis in moderating chronic back pain, its quantifiable benefits, its novel areas of use and its potentials in the future based on the most recent and relevant peer-reviewed literature in order to guide clinicians to better deploy this valuable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao Ruan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grant H Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Upoyo AS, Triyanto E, Taufik A. Pilot Study of a Brief Hypnotic Induction: Effects on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Subjective Distress in Patients Diagnosed with Hypertension. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2022; 70:83-90. [PMID: 34875965 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2022.2004544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of hypnotherapy interventions for lowering blood pressure and psychological stress in hypertensive patients was investigated in a pilot study. The research objective was to determine the effect of audio hypnotherapy on blood pressure, stress levels, and heart rate in primary hypertension patients. The study randomized 64 hypertensive patients to the intervention or usual care. The intervention group received hypnotherapy through audio recordings for 15 minutes, while the control group took a rest for about 15 minutes. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured with digital tensimeter and stress levels with the Subjective Units of Distress Scale. Data analysis used Kruskal Wallis Test. The results showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups with p value < .001 for decreasing in systolic blood pressure and p value < .001 for decreasing in stress levels. This pilot study suggests that a hypnotherapy intervention may be feasible and of benefit in a clinical population of hypertensive patients, however further study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Setyo Upoyo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Endang Triyanto
- Department of Community Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Agis Taufik
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
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Haipt A, Rosenbaum D, Fuhr K, Giese M, Batra A, Ehlis AC. The effects of hypnotherapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy in depression: a NIRS-study using an emotional gait paradigm. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:729-39. [PMID: 35113202 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypnotherapy (HT) is a promising approach to treating depression, but so far, no data are available on the neuronal mechanisms of functional reorganization after HT for depressed patients. Here, 75 patients with mild to moderate depression, who received either HT or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), were measured before and after therapy using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. We investigated the patients' cerebral activation during an emotional human gait paradigm. Further, rumination was included as predictor. Our results showed a decrease of functional connectivity (FC) between two regions that are crucial to emotional processing, the Extrastriate Body Area (EBA) and the Superior Temporal Sulcus (STS). This FC decrease was traced back to an activation change throughout therapy in the right STS, not the EBA and was only found in the HT group, depending on rumination: less ruminating HT patients showed a decrease in right STS activation, while highly ruminating patients showed an increase. We carefully propose that this activation change is due to the promotion of emotional experiences during HT, while in CBT a focus lay on activating behavior and changing negative cognitions. HT seemed to have had differential effects on the patients, depending on their rumination style: The increase of right STS activation in highly ruminating patients might mirror the improvement of impaired emotional processing, whilst the decrease of activation in low ruminating patients might reflect a dismissal of an over-compensation, associated with a hyperactivity before therapy. We conclude that HT affects emotional processing and this effect is moderated by rumination.
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Sanyal R, Raseta M, Natarajan I, Roffe C. The use of hypnotherapy as treatment for functional stroke: A case series from a single center in the UK. Int J Stroke 2022; 17:59-66. [PMID: 33527884 PMCID: PMC8739735 DOI: 10.1177/1747493021995590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neurological disorder is defined by symptoms not explained by the current model of disease and its pathophysiology. It is found in 8.4% of patients presenting as acute stroke. Treatment is difficult and recurrence rates are high. We introduced hypnotherapy as a therapeutic option in addition to standard stroke unit care. METHODS This is an observational study of successive patients with functional neurological disorder presenting as acute stroke treated with hypnotherapy between 1 April 2014 and 1 February 2018. The diagnosis of functional neurological disorder was confirmed by clinical examination and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Hypnosis was delivered by a hypnotherapy trained stroke physician using imagery for induction. A positive response was defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke score reduction to 0 or by ≥4 points posthypnotherapy. Costs were calculated as therapist time and benefits as reduction in disability/bed days. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients (mean age 36.4 years, 52 (76%) females, mean baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke 5.0 (range 1-9)) were included. Two patients (3%) could not be hypnotized. Fifty-eight 58 (85%) responded, 47 (81%) required one treatment session, while 19% needed up to three sessions for symptomatic improvement. No adverse events were observed. Disability (modified Rankin Scale) reduced from a mean of 2.3 to 0.5 resulting in an average cost saving of £1,658 per patient. Most (n = 50, 86%) remained well without recurrence at six-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In this case series, hypnotherapy was associated with rapid and sustained recovery of symptoms. A prospective randomized controlled study is required to confirm the findings and establish generalizability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Sanyal
- Neurosciences, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on Trent, UK
| | - Marko Raseta
- Statistics and Mathematical Modelling, Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Indira Natarajan
- Neurosciences, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on Trent, UK
| | - Christine Roffe
- Neurosciences, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on Trent, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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Gorka AM, Nauta F, Bijlsma MW, Taselaar P, Diederen K, Hol J, Oeij N, Goede J, Rijpert M, Tusscher GWT, Plötz FB. Current treatment practice of functional abdominal pain disorders in children: A multicenter survey. Indian J Gastroenterol 2022; 41:369-377. [PMID: 36057044 PMCID: PMC9529717 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-022-01253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 90% of the children with chronic abdominal pain are diagnosed as having functional abdominal pain disorder (FAPD). The Dutch guideline "functional abdominal pain" provides a stepwise approach to treat FAPD. The aim of this survey was twofold first, to determine adherence to the Dutch guideline, and second to determine current management of FAPDs in clinical practice. METHODS A multicenter survey was designed. The survey was sent to pediatricians and pediatric residents in December 2020. The study ran from October 2020 until March 2021. Participants in ten hospitals in the western region of The Netherlands were invited to complete this survey. Respondents who indicated not to treat children with FAPDs or respondents who completed less than 3 steps of the survey were excluded. RESULTS In total, 85/174 (48.9%) respondents completed the survey. We included 80 respondents, 68 pediatricians and 12 pediatric residents, for analysis. Overall, self-reported guideline adherence was 85%. Self-reported adherence was higher than actual adherence. Only 50% of all respondents followed the first three steps of the guideline. The reported non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments were diverse and varied between different age groups. The average follow-up duration was between 2 and 6 months, and the most regularly used outcome measures were attendance at school, quality of life, and adequate pain relief/reassurance. CONCLUSION We reportedly observed a large variation in the management of children with FAPDs, due to low guideline adherence among clinicians. Improved guideline adherence may be accomplished by updating the guideline with specific recommendations per subtype, follow-up and outcome measures as well measures to improve guideline implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M Gorka
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospitals, Rijksstraatweg 1, 1261 AN, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Nauta
- Department of Pediatrics, BovenIJ Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn W Bijlsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Taselaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kay Diederen
- Department of Pediatrics, Flevo Hospital, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hol
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwest Hospital Group, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Oeij
- Department of Pediatrics, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Joery Goede
- Department of Pediatrics, Spaarne Hospitals, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Rijpert
- Department of Pediatrics, Zaans Medical Center, Zaandam, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin W Ten Tusscher
- Department of Pediatrics, Dijklander Hospital, Hoorn, The Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans B Plötz
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospitals, Rijksstraatweg 1, 1261 AN, Blaricum, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Geagea D, Tyack Z, Kimble R, Eriksson L, Polito V, Griffin B. Hypnotherapy for Procedural Pain and Distress in Children: A Scoping Review Protocol. Pain Med 2021; 22:2818-2826. [PMID: 33528510 PMCID: PMC8665999 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inadequately treated pain and distress elicited by medical procedures can put children at higher risk of acute and chronic biopsychosocial sequelae. Children can benefit from hypnotherapy, a psychologically tailored intervention, as an adjunct to pharmacological agents to address the multiple components of pain and distress. Despite providing evidence on the effectiveness and potential superiority of hypnotherapy to other psychological interventions, research on hypnotherapy for pediatric procedural pain and distress has been predominantly limited to oncology and needle procedures. Plus, there is a lack of reporting of intervention manuals, factors influencing hypnotic responding, pain unpleasantness outcomes, theoretical frameworks, adverse events, as well as barriers and facilitators to the feasibility of delivering the intervention and study procedures. The proposed review aims to map the range and nature of the evidence on hypnotherapy for procedural pain and distress in children to identify gaps in literature and areas requiring further investigation. METHODS This review will follow the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) methodology and incorporate additional scoping review recommendations by the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Relevant studies will be identified through searching published literature databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature in addition to hand-searching of reference lists and key journals. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts of search results followed by full-texts review against eligibility criteria. CONCLUSION Findings are anticipated to guide future research and inform the development of tailored hypnotic interventions in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daly Geagea
- Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zephanie Tyack
- Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roy Kimble
- Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lars Eriksson
- Herston Health Sciences Library, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vince Polito
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Griffin
- Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Császár N, Scholkmann F, Bókkon I. Implications on hypnotherapy: Neuroplasticity, epigenetics and pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:755-764. [PMID: 34619172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We provide a brief review about the significance of hypnosis with respect to applications and physiological processes in hypnotherapy. Our review concludes that hypnosis is a promising method to manage acute and chronic pain. In addition, we discuss indications pointing toward the view that hypnosis can induce changes in neuroplasticity possibly involving epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Császár
- National University of Public Services, Budapest, Hungary; Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - F Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - I Bókkon
- Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, Budapest, Hungary; Vision Research Institute, Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Lowell, MA, USA.
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21
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Fuhr K, Meisner C, Broch A, Cyrny B, Hinkel J, Jaberg J, Petrasch M, Schweizer C, Stiegler A, Zeep C, Batra A. Efficacy of hypnotherapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for mild to moderate depression - Results of a randomized controlled rater-blind clinical trial. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:166-73. [PMID: 33725616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methodologically well-designed RCTs concerning the efficacy of Hypnotherapy in the treatment of Major Depression are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether Hypnotherapy (HT) is not inferior to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), the gold-standard psychotherapy, in the percentage reduction of depressive symptoms, assessed in mild to moderate Major Depression (MD). METHODS This study reports the main results of a monocentric two-armed randomized-controlled rater-blind clinical trial. A total of 152 patients with MD were randomized to either CBT or HT receiving outpatient individual psychotherapy with 16 to 20 sessions for the duration of six months. The primary outcome was the mean percentage improvement in depressive symptoms assessed with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) before and after treatment. RESULTS The difference in the mean percentage symptom reduction between HT and CBT was 2.8 (95% CI=-9.85 to 15.44) in the Intention-to-treat sample and 4.0 (95% CI=-9.27 to 17.27) in the Per Protocol sample (N=134). Concerning the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of -16.4, both results confirm the non-inferiority of HT to CBT. The results for the follow-ups six and twelve months after the end of the treatment support the primary results. LIMITATIONS For ethical reasons the trial did not include a control group without treatment; therefore we can only indirectly conclude that both treatment conditions are effective. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that HT was not inferior to CBT in MD, while employing rigorous methodological standards.
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Li X, Chen L, Ma R, Wang H, Wan L, Bu J, Hong W, Lv W, Yang Y, Rao H, Zhang X. The neural mechanisms of immediate and follow-up of the treatment effect of hypnosis on smoking craving. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:1487-97. [PMID: 31028603 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypnosis has a therapeutic effect on substance dependence. However, its neural basis remains unclear, which impedes its further clinical applications. This study investigated the mechanisms of smoking treatment based on hypnosis from two perspectives: immediate and follow-up effects. Twenty-four smokers screened from 132 volunteers underwent hypnosis suggestion and performed a smoking-related cue task twice during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning (in normal and hypnotic states). The number of cigarettes smoked per day was recorded at follow-up visits. The smokers reported decreased craving after hypnosis. The activations in the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC), the left insula and the right middle frontal gyrus (rMFG), and the functional connectivity between the rDLPFC and the left insula were increased in the hypnotic state. The reduced craving was related to the DLPFC-insula network, which reflected the immediate mechanism of hypnosis on smoking. The number of cigarette use at the 1-week and 1 month follow-up was correlated with the rMFG activation which reflecting hypnotic depth, suggesting the follow-up effect of hypnosis on smoking depended on the trait of smokers. We identified two different mechanisms of hypnosis effect on smoking, which have important implications for design and optimization of hypnotic treatments on mental disorders.
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Du Plessis C, Nel L, Taylor H. You're Going to Do What? Patients' Myths Regarding Hypnotherapy as Described by South African Psychologists. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2021; 55:527-540. [PMID: 33748910 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-021-09604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this qualitative study was to explore and describe South African registered psychologists' account of their patients' myths regarding hypnotherapy. A social constructivist approach was employed to explore the descriptions of eight psychologists. This article converges on myths of participants' patients and where they originate from, as described by the participants. Psychologists were selected by means of chain referral sampling and engaged in one semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed by means of thematic analysis (TA), and participants elaborated on their experience of patients' myths and the possible origins thereof. Furthermore, conclusions were drawn across themes, which contributed to the findings. The most important finding indicated that while hypnotherapy is of great value, misconceptions stemming largely from unscientific applications contribute to patients' reluctance in utilizing this mechanism. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications, limitations and strengths of the study, as well as recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarina Du Plessis
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa.
| | - Lindi Nel
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Henry Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
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Fisch S, Trivaković-Thiel S, Roll S, Keller T, Binting S, Cree M, Brinkhaus B, Teut M. Group hypnosis for stress reduction and improved stress coping: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:344. [PMID: 33187503 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the trial was to investigate the effect of a hypnotherapeutic group program in healthy persons with increased levels of perceived stress. Methods In a randomized controlled multicenter trial participants with a self-assessed subjective stress level ≥ 40 mm on a visual analogue scale (0–100 mm; VAS) for the previous week and a stable state of health were randomized to either 5 weekly sessions of 120-min duration of a hypnotherapeutic group program for stress reduction and improved stress coping plus 5 hypnosis audiorecords for individual practice at home plus an educational booklet for stress coping (hypnosis group) versus an educational booklet only (control group). The primary outcome parameter was the VAS stress level for the previous week after 5 weeks. Secondary outcome parameters included the VAS stress level after 12 weeks, perceived stress (CPSS), depression (ADS-K), self efficacy (SWE) and quality of life (SF 36) after 5 weeks and 12 weeks. Analysis of covariance with a significance level of 5% using the full analysis set was used for analysis; the model included treatment (fixed effect), VAS baseline value (fixed covariate), and center (random effect). Results A total of 95 participants were randomized; 47 (40 female, 45 ± 13.4 years of age) were allocated to the hypnosis group, and 48 (41 female, 46.9 ± 14.3 years) were allocated to the control group. Regarding VAS stress level after 5 weeks, the adjusted VAS mean in the hypnosis group was 41.8 mm [95% confidence interval (CI): 35.2; 48.4] compared to 62.9 mm [56.2; 69.7] in the control group, and the group difference was − 21.2 mm [− 30.1; − 12.2] (P < 0.001). After 12 weeks, the stress intensity on the VAS showed a between-group difference of − 14.7 mm [− 25.1; − 4.4] (P = 0.006), and the adjusted means were 41.1 mm [33.4; 48.8] in the hypnosis group and 55.9 mm [48.4; 63.5] in the control group. Improvements were also reported for CPSS, SF-36, SWE and ADS-K after 5 and 12 weeks. Conclusion Compared to the control group, the hypnosis group showed reduced perceived stress after 5 and 12 weeks. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03525093; date of registration: May 15, 2018.
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Roslim NA, Ahmad A, Mansor M, Aung MMT, Hamzah F, Hassan H, Lua PL. Hypnotherapy for overweight and obese patients: A narrative review. J Integr Med 2020; 19:1-5. [PMID: 33162374 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight problems are serious global health issues today and despite many efforts, the prevalence has continued to rise for decades. Interestingly, hypnotherapy has been gaining recognition as an effective treatment for obesity and overweight problems. This review compiles contemporary scientific research on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy for weight reduction. Scopus, PubMed and EBSCO Host databases were applied in the study. The search identified 119 articles, of which seven met the inclusion criteria. A total of 539 respondents (82.7% women and 17.3% men) between the ages of 17 and 67 years were represented in the seven studies. Most studies incorporated lifestyle changes, such as changes of dietary habit and behavioral recommendations in the hypnotic procedure. Their results suggested that the use of hypnotherapy not only promoted weight reduction during the treatment period but also after treatment cessation, and in some cases, one to ten kilograms were lost during follow-up periods. In addition, one study even showed increased physical activity among the hypnotised individuals. This use of hypnotherapy also improved respondents' eating behavior and quality of life. However, a definitive conclusion could not be drawn due to several methodological flaws and the limited number of published studies in this area. Therefore, further well-designed studies are needed to substantiate the effectiveness of hypnotherapy for this modern-day health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Afiedia Roslim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Besut, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Aryati Ahmad
- Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Mansor
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Kota, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Myat Moe Thwe Aung
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Kota, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Farrahdilla Hamzah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Kota, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Haszalina Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Kota, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Pei Lin Lua
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Besut, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the nature, current evidence of efficacy, recent developments, and future prospects for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and gut-directed hypnotherapy, the two best established psychological interventions for managing gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. RECENT FINDINGS New large randomized controlled trials are showing that cost-effective therapy delivery formats (telephone-based, Internet-based, fewer therapist sessions, or group therapy) are effective for treating GI disorders. CBT and hypnotherapy can produce substantial improvement in the digestive tract symptoms, psychological well-being, and quality of life of GI patients. However, they have long been hampered by limited scalability and significant cost, and only been sufficiently tested for a few GI health problems. Through adoption of more cost-effective therapy formats and teletherapy, and by expanding the scope of efficacy testing to additional GI treatment targets, these interventions have the potential to become widely available options for improving clinical outcomes for patients with hard-to-treat GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olafur S Palsson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, P.O. Box 9126, Chapel Hill, NC, 27515, USA.
| | - Sarah Ballou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the nature, current evidence of efficacy, recent developments, and future prospects for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and gut-directed hypnotherapy, the two best established psychological interventions for managing gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. RECENT FINDINGS New large randomized controlled trials are showing that cost-effective therapy delivery formats (telephone-based, Internet-based, fewer therapist sessions, or group therapy) are effective for treating GI disorders. CBT and hypnotherapy can produce substantial improvement in the digestive tract symptoms, psychological well-being, and quality of life of GI patients. However, they have long been hampered by limited scalability and significant cost, and only been sufficiently tested for a few GI health problems. Through adoption of more cost-effective therapy formats and teletherapy, and by expanding the scope of efficacy testing to additional GI treatment targets, these interventions have the potential to become widely available options for improving clinical outcomes for patients with hard-to-treat GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olafur S Palsson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, P.O. Box 9126, Chapel Hill, NC, 27515, USA.
| | - Sarah Ballou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Jong MC, Boers I, van Wietmarschen H, Busch M, Naafs MC, Kaspers GJL, Tissing WJE. Development of an evidence-based decision aid on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and pain for parents of children with cancer. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:2415-2429. [PMID: 31493135 PMCID: PMC7083801 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an evidence-based decision aid for parents of children with cancer and to help guide them in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for cancer care. METHODS This study had a mixed research design. The needs of parents were investigated by survey and focus group. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on the effectiveness of CAM using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Clinical experts were interviewed and a decision aid on CAM treatment for pain was developed. RESULTS Parents emphasized the importance of reliable information on CAM, focusing primarily on communication and a broad spectrum of complaints related to cancer treatment. The decision aid on CAM for pain included five modalities based on 11 randomized control trials (RCTs): hypnotherapy, mind-body techniques, massage, healing touch, and music therapy. Meta-analysis could be performed on hypnotherapy, which significantly reduced cancer-related procedural pain compared with standard care (MD, - 1.37; 95% CI, - 1.60, - 1.15; P < 0.00001) and attention control (MD, - 1.13; 95% CI, - 1.34, - 0.94; P < 0.00001), and massage, demonstrating no effect on pain compared with standard care (MD, - 0.77; 95% CI, - 1.82, 0.28; P = 0.15). Research evidence and supplementary information from clinical practice and patient were incorporated in a website-based decision aid. CONCLUSIONS An evidence-based decision aid was developed to support parents of children with cancer in making decisions about CAM for pain management. Next steps will be to expand the website to include additional childhood cancer-related complaints and to evaluate its use in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miek C Jong
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 851 70, Sundsvall, Sweden.
| | - Inge Boers
- Department Nutrition & Health, Louis Bolk Institute, Kosterijland 3-5, 3981 AJ, Bunnik, The Netherlands
| | - Herman van Wietmarschen
- Department Nutrition & Health, Louis Bolk Institute, Kosterijland 3-5, 3981 AJ, Bunnik, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Busch
- Van Praag Institute, Springweg 7, 3511 VH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Naafs
- Netherlands Childhood Cancer Parent Organization VOKK, Schouwstede 2b, 3431 JB, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Paediatric Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J E Tissing
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department Paediatric Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hasbi M, Effendy E. Hypnotherapy: A Case of Anxiety Person Who Doesn't Want to Use Medication. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2698-2700. [PMID: 31777639 PMCID: PMC6876801 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorder is the most common emotional disorder in the United States. At least 0.9%-1.9% of adult individuals in the United States show one disorder of anxiety in one year. Anxiety disorder is often unknown and carried out therapy in primary care. Hypnotherapy is a penetration of the critical factors of the conscious mind, followed by the acceptance of a suggestion/idea or thought that causes changes in the behaviour of the mental-emotional order. CASE REPORT We got a case of anxiety disorder that could be cured with hypnotherapy treatment. A 45-year-old male from Batak tribe with complaints of feeling anxious and not cured because the sufferer always thinks his disease, inflammation of the stomach. Often, the anxiety arose when the patient felt weak, and the heart palpitated as he in dying condition. CONCLUSION From this case, it can be found that patients who experience anxiety disorders (anxiety disorder) can recover without medical drugs but by using hypnotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hasbi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Elmeida Effendy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Krouwel M, Jolly K, Greenfield S. How do people with refractory irritable bowel syndrome perceive hypnotherapy?: Qualitative study. Complement Ther Med 2019; 45:65-70. [PMID: 31331584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypnotherapy is recognised in the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines as a potential treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). However, little is known about the views of people with IBS regarding hypnotherapy. This qualitative study aimed to identify perceptions of and barriers to hypnotherapy for IBS by people with the condition. DESIGN One-to-one semi-structured interviews using thematic analysis. SETTING Convenience sampling in the UK. Participants were recruited by poster advertising and online IBS support groups. Interviews were conducted at the interviewees' preferred location or via video calling. PARTICIPANTS 17 people (15 female, 2 male) who self-identified as having refractory IBS according to a provided definition. RESULTS Four hypnotherapy related themes arose from the data: conceptualisation of hypnotherapy, hypnotherapy for IBS, barriers to hypnotherapy for IBS, ideal format of hypnotherapy for IBS. Participants saw hypnosis as an altered state in which change was possible, but many had not considered it for IBS. They were broadly open to hypnotherapy for IBS, but a variety of potential barriers were apparent, including cost and therapist validity. Group hypnotherapy was less acceptable than one-to-one treatment. Hypnotherapy via video call was seen as convenient, but there were concerns about its effectiveness. CONCLUSION People with IBS may be put off hypnotherapy by a lack of understanding of how it works for their condition and lack of awareness of it as a therapeutic option. Uptake may be improved through effective promotion of the approach which addresses its mechanisms of effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Krouwel
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Greenfield
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Jong MC, Boers I, van Wietmarschen HA, Tromp E, Busari JO, Wennekes R, Snoeck I, Bekhof J, Vlieger AM. Hypnotherapy or transcendental meditation versus progressive muscle relaxation exercises in the treatment of children with primary headaches: a multi-centre, pragmatic, randomised clinical study. Eur J Pediatr 2019; 178:147-54. [PMID: 30357468 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Many children suffer from headaches. Since stress may trigger headaches, effective techniques to cope with stress are needed. We investigated the effectiveness of two mind-body techniques, transcendental meditation (TM) or hypnotherapy (HT), and compared them with progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) exercises (active control group). Children (9-18 years) suffering from primary headaches more than two times per month received either TM (N = 42), HT (N = 45) or PMR (N = 44) for 3 months. Primary outcomes were frequency of headaches and ≥ 50% reduction in headaches at 3 and 9 months. Secondary outcomes were adequate relief, pain coping, anxiety and depressive symptoms, somatisation and safety of treatment. Groups were comparable at baseline. Headache frequency was significantly reduced in all groups from 18.9 days per month to 12.5 and 10.5 at respectively 3 and 9 months (p < 0.001), with no significant differences between the groups. Clinically relevant headache reduction (≥ 50%) was observed in 41% and 47% of children at 3 and 9 months respectively, with no significant differences between the groups. No differences were observed in secondary outcome measures between the intervention groups. No adverse events were reported.Conclusion: All three techniques reduced primary headache in children and appeared to be safe.Trial registration: NTR 2955, 28 June 2011 ( www.trialregister.nl ) What is Known: • Stress may be an important trigger for both tension type headache and migraine in children. • Good data are lacking on the effect of transcendental meditation, hypnotherapy or progressive muscle relaxation as possible stress-reducing therapies in children with primary headaches. What is New: • Three non-pharmacological techniques, i.e., transcendental meditation, hypnotherapy and progressive muscle relaxation exercises, all result in a clinically significant reduction of headaches and use of pain medication. • No large differences between the three techniques were found, suggesting that children can choose either one of the three techniques based on personal preferences.
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Prathivadi Bhayankaram N, Gilchrist FJ, Samuels M. Is hypnotherapy an acceptable treatment option for children with habit cough? Complement Ther Med 2018; 37:27-28. [PMID: 29609933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Habit cough is a chronic, persistent dry cough which occurs in children only when awake. It is considered functional (non-organic) and can have a significant impact on the quality of life of the child and their family. One possible treatment option for habit cough is hypnotherapy. At our centre we offered hypnotherapy sessions to patients diagnosed with habit cough, and conducted telephone interviews with patients' parents to determine the acceptability of this therapy. Nine patients' parents were interviewed, and despite being unsure of what to expect with hypnotherapy, all nine found it an acceptable treatment option. Parents reported that hypnotherapy appeared to result in cough reduction or cessation in 6 out of 9 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prathivadi Bhayankaram
- Academic Department of Paediatrics, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England, ST4 6QG
| | - F J Gilchrist
- Academic Department of Paediatrics, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England, ST4 6QG
| | - M Samuels
- Academic Department of Paediatrics, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England, ST4 6QG.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hypnosis and hypnotherapy have become more popular in recent years, the evidence for hypnosis to influence perceived stress is unclear. In this systematic review we searched and evaluated randomized clinical studies investigating the effect of hypnosis on perceived stress reduction and coping. METHODS The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Database of Abstracts of Review of Effects, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and PubMed were systematically screened from their inception until December 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting about hypnosis or hypnotherapy for stress reduction in healthy participants. Risk of Bias was assessed according the Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. RESULTS Nine RCTs with a total of 365 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Most included participants were medical students, predominantly female (n = 211). Mean age of participants ranged in most studies between 20 and 25 years, in three studies the mean ages were between 30 and 42 years. Perceived stress was measured by a wide range of psychological questionnaires including Face Valid Stress Test, Stress Thermometer, and immunological data was collected. All nine included studies used explorative designs and showed a high risk of bias. Six out of nine studies reported significant positive effects of hypnosis for stress reduction in the main outcome parameter compared to control groups (3 active controls, 3 no therapy controls). Immunological outcomes were assessed in six studies, the results were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Due to exploratory designs and high risk of bias, the effectiveness of hypnosis or hypnotherapy in stress reduction remains still unclear. More high quality clinical research is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fisch
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, 10098 Berlin, Germany
- Psychotherapy Outpatient Clinic, Daruper Straße 14, D-48653 Coesfeld, Germany
| | - B Brinkhaus
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, 10098 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Teut
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, 10098 Berlin, Germany
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Chester SJ, Stockton K, De Young A, Kipping B, Tyack Z, Griffin B, Chester RL, Kimble RM. Effectiveness of medical hypnosis for pain reduction and faster wound healing in pediatric acute burn injury: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:223. [PMID: 27129580 PMCID: PMC4850700 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burns and the associated wound care procedures can be extremely painful and anxiety-provoking for children. Burn injured children and adolescents are therefore at greater risk of experiencing a range of psychological reactions, in particular posttraumatic stress disorder, which can persist for months to years after the injury. Non-pharmacological intervention is critical for comprehensive pain and anxiety management and is used alongside pharmacological analgesia and anxiolysis. However, effective non-pharmacological pain and anxiety management during pediatric burn procedures is an area still needing improvement. Medical hypnosis has received support as a technique for effectively decreasing pain and anxiety levels in adults undergoing burn wound care and in children during a variety of painful medical procedures (e.g., bone marrow aspirations, lumbar punctures, voiding cystourethrograms, and post-surgical pain). Pain reduction during burn wound care procedures is linked with improved wound healing rates. To date, no randomized controlled trials have investigated the use of medical hypnosis in pediatric burn populations. Therefore this study aims to determine if medical hypnosis decreases pain, anxiety, and biological stress markers during wound care procedures; improves wound healing times; and decreases rates of traumatic stress reactions in pediatric burn patients. METHODS/DESIGN This is a single-center, superiority, parallel-group, prospective randomized controlled trial. Children (4 to 16 years, inclusive) with acute burn injuries presenting for their first dressing application or change are randomly assigned to either the (1) intervention group (medical hypnosis) or (2) control group (standard care). A minimum of 33 participants are recruited for each treatment group. Repeated measures of pain, anxiety, stress, and wound healing are taken at every dressing change until ≥95 % wound re-epithelialization. Further data collection assesses impact on posttraumatic stress symptomatology, speed of wound healing, and parent perception of how easy the dressing change is for their child. DISCUSSION Study results will elucidate whether the disease process can be changed by using medical hypnosis with children to decrease pain, anxiety, and stress in the context of acute burn wounds. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615000419561.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Chester
- />Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research, Level 7, Centre for Children’s Health Research, University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia
- />School of Medicine, Mayne Medical School, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
- />Ochsner Clinical School, Ochsner Hospital, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA
| | - Kellie Stockton
- />Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research, Level 7, Centre for Children’s Health Research, University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia
| | - Alexandra De Young
- />Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research, Level 7, Centre for Children’s Health Research, University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia
| | - Belinda Kipping
- />Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research, Level 7, Centre for Children’s Health Research, University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia
| | - Zephanie Tyack
- />Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research, Level 7, Centre for Children’s Health Research, University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia
| | - Bronwyn Griffin
- />Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research, Level 7, Centre for Children’s Health Research, University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia
| | - Ralph L. Chester
- />Horizon Behavioral Health, 2241 Langhorne Road, Lynchburg, VA 24501 USA
| | - Roy M. Kimble
- />Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research, Level 7, Centre for Children’s Health Research, University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia
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Beck A, Fábián G, Fejérdy P, Krause WR, Hermann P, Módos K, Varga G, Fábián TK. Alteration of consciousness via diverse photo-acoustic stimulatory patterns. Phenomenology and effect on salivary flow rate, alpha-amylase and total protein levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 109:201-213. [PMID: 26709191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Long-term photo-acoustic stimulation is used for the induction of altered states of consciousness for both therapeutic and experimental purposes. Long-term photo-acoustic stimulation also leads to changes in the composition of saliva which have a key contribution to the efficiency of this technique in easing mucosal symptoms of oral psychosomatic patients. The aim of this study is to find out whether there is any cumulative effect of repeated stimulation and whether there are any detectable differences between diverse stimulatory patterns of long lasting photo-acoustic stimulation on the phenomenology of the appearing trance state and on salivary secretion. There was significant cumulative effect in relation with the appearance of day dreaming as phenomenological parameter, and in relation with protein output and amylase/protein ratio as salivary parameter. Pattern specific effect was detectable in relation with salivary flow rate only. Although our results clearly indicate the existence of certain cumulative and stimulation-pattern specific effects of repeated photo-acoustic stimulation, the absolute values of all these effects were relatively small in this study. Therefore, in spite of their theoretical importance there are no direct clinical consequences of these findings. However, our data do not exclude at all the possibility that repeated stimulation with other stimulatory parameters may lead to more pronounced effects. Further studies are needed to make clear conclusion in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Beck
- Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Szentkirályi utca 47, 1088 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Fábián
- Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Szentkirályi utca 47, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Pál Fejérdy
- Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Szentkirályi utca 47, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Wolf-Rainer Krause
- Harzklinikum Dorothea Christiane Erxleben, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Thiestrasse 7-10, 33889 Blankenburg, Germany.
| | - Péter Hermann
- Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Szentkirályi utca 47, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Károly Módos
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
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Eriksson EM, Andrén KI, Kurlberg GK, Eriksson HT. Aspects of the non-pharmacological treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11439-11449. [PMID: 26523108 PMCID: PMC4616219 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i40.11439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal conditions. It represents a significant healthcare burden and remains a clinical challenge. Over the years IBS has been described from a variety of different perspectives; from a strict illness of the gastrointestinal tract (medical model) to a more complex multi-symptomatic disorder of the brain-gut axis (biopsychosocial/psychosomatic model). In this article we present aspects of the pathophysiology and the non-pharmacological treatment of IBS based on current knowledge. Effects of conditioned stress and/or traumatic influences on the emotional system (top-down) as well as effects on the intestine through stressors, infection, inflammation, food and dysbiosis (bottom-up) can affect brain-gut communication and result in dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), playing an important role in the pathophysiology of IBS. Conditioned stress together with dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and the emotional system may involve reactions in which the distress inside the body is not recognized due to low body awareness. This may explain why patients have difficulty identifying their symptoms despite dysfunction in muscle tension, movement patterns, and posture and biochemical functions in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms. IBS shares many features with other idiopathic conditions, such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and somatoform disorders. The key to effective treatment is a thorough examination, including a gastroenterological examination to exclude other diseases along with an assessment of body awareness by a body-mind therapist. The literature suggests that early interdisciplinary diagnostic co-operation between gastroenterologists and body-mind therapists is necessary. Re-establishing balance in the ANS is an important component of IBS treatment. This article discusses the current knowledge of body-mind treatment, addressing the topic from a practical point of view.
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Ogiso K, Koriyama N, Akao A, Otsuji M, Goto T, Fujisaki N, Minobe M, Kinowaki M, Matsuki S. Type 1 diabetes complicated with uncontrollable adult cyclic vomiting syndrome: a case report. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:72. [PMID: 26401489 PMCID: PMC4580314 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe the case of a 29-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes from 10 years of age who developed adult cyclic vomiting syndrome. Beginning at 25 years of age, she was frequently hospitalized for stress-induced vomiting. Her vomiting episodes developed acutely and remitted after severe vomiting of more than 30 times a day for a few days. The vomiting periods were accompanied by leukocytosis with a predominance of neutrophils, high blood pressure and fever. In addition, it was noted that her levels of both adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone during the vomiting attacks increased and subsequently dramatically decreased immediately after symptom improvement; therefore, she was diagnosed with adult-type cyclic vomiting syndrome in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of Rome III, a system developed to classify functional gastrointestinal disorders. Though glycemic control had improved with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy, the vomiting frequency increased due to the failure of drug treatments and general psychotherapy to terminate the vomiting attacks, making discharge difficult and greatly interfering with everyday life. Eventually, hypnotherapy and miniature garden therapy were prescribed, which significantly reduced the vomiting frequency, making it possible to discharge her from inpatient medical care. In the treatment of this patient with type 1 diabetes and adult-type cyclic vomiting syndrome, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and comprehensive psychotherapy were effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Ogiso
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, 8-1 Shiroyama-cho, Kagoshima, 892-0853 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Koriyama
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, 8-1 Shiroyama-cho, Kagoshima, 892-0853 Japan
| | - Ayako Akao
- Department of Diabetes and Nursing, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, 8-1 Shiroyama-cho, Kagoshima, 892-0853 Japan
| | - Mayumi Otsuji
- Department of Diabetes and Nursing, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, 8-1 Shiroyama-cho, Kagoshima, 892-0853 Japan
| | - Takahiko Goto
- Department of Diabetes and Nursing, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, 8-1 Shiroyama-cho, Kagoshima, 892-0853 Japan
| | - Natsuko Fujisaki
- Department of Diabetes and Nursing, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, 8-1 Shiroyama-cho, Kagoshima, 892-0853 Japan
| | - Machiko Minobe
- Department of Diabetes and Nursing, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, 8-1 Shiroyama-cho, Kagoshima, 892-0853 Japan
| | - Mayumi Kinowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Clinical Psychologist, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, 8-1 Shiroyama-cho, Kagoshima, 892-0853 Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsuki
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Clinical Psychology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
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Graus A. Hypnosis in Spain (1888-1905): from spectacle to medical treatment of mediumship. Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci 2014; 48 Pt A:85-93. [PMID: 25127318 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Towards the end of the nineteenth century, some Spanish physicians sought to legitimize hypnotherapy within medicine. At the same time, hypnotism was being popularized among the Spanish population through stage hypnosis shows. In order to extend the use of medical hypnotherapy, some physicians made efforts to demarcate the therapeutic use of hypnotic suggestion from its application for recreational purposes, as performed by stage hypnotists. However, in the eyes of some physicians, the first public session to legitimize hypnotherapy turned out to be a complete failure due to its similarities with a stage hypnosis performance. Apart from exploring this kind of hitherto little-known historical cases, we explore the role of spiritists in legitimizing medical hypnosis. At a time when Spanish citizens were still reluctant to accept hypnotherapy, the spiritists sponsored a charitable clinic where treatment using hypnosis was offered. We conclude that the clinic was effective in promoting the use of hypnotherapy, both among physicians as clinical practice, and as a medical treatment for patients from the less privileged classes of Spanish society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Graus
- Centre d'Història de la Ciència (CEHIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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Grundmann O, Yoon SL. Complementary and alternative medicines in irritable bowel syndrome: An integrative view. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:346-362. [PMID: 24574705 PMCID: PMC3923011 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i2.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder with a high incidence in the general population. The diagnosis of IBS is mainly based on exclusion of other intestinal conditions through the absence of inflammatory markers and specific antigens. The current pharmacological treatment approaches available focus on reducing symptom severity while often limiting quality of life because of significant side effects. This has led to an effectiveness gap for IBS patients that seek further relief to increase their quality of life. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) have been associated with a higher degree of symptom management and quality of life in IBS patients. Over the past decade, a number of important clinical trials have shown that specific herbal therapies (peppermint oil and Iberogast®), hypnotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy, acupuncture, and yoga present with improved treatment outcomes in IBS patients. We propose an integrative approach to treating the diverse symptoms of IBS by combining the benefits of and need for pharmacotherapy with known CAM therapies to provide IBS patients with the best treatment outcome achievable. Initial steps in this direction are already being considered with an increasing number of practitioners recommending CAM therapies to their patients if pharmacotherapy alone does not alleviate symptoms sufficiently.
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MacLaughlan David S, Salzillo S, Bowe P, Scuncio S, Malit B, Raker C, Gass JS, Granai CO, Dizon DS. Randomised controlled trial comparing hypnotherapy versus gabapentin for the treatment of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors: a pilot study. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e003138. [PMID: 24022390 PMCID: PMC3773636 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy of hypnotherapy versus gabapentin for the treatment of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors, and to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a clinical trial comparing a drug with a complementary or alternative method (CAM). DESIGN Prospective randomised trial. SETTING Breast health centre of a tertiary care centre. PARTICIPANTS 15 women with a personal history of breast cancer or an increased risk of breast cancer who reported at least one daily hot flash. INTERVENTIONS Gabapentin 900 mg daily in three divided doses (control) compared with standardised hypnotherapy. Participation lasted 8 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary endpoints were the number of daily hot flashes and hot flash severity score (HFSS). The secondary endpoint was the Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale (HFRDIS). RESULTS 27 women were randomised and 15 (56%) were considered evaluable for the primary endpoint (n=8 gabapentin, n=7 hypnotherapy). The median number of daily hot flashes at enrolment was 4.5 in the gabapentin arm and 5 in the hypnotherapy arm. HFSS scores were 7.5 in the gabapentin arm and 10 in the hypnotherapy arm. After 8 weeks, the median number of daily hot flashes was reduced by 33.3% in the gabapentin arm and by 80% in the hypnotherapy arm. The median HFSS was reduced by 33.3% in the gabapentin arm and by 85% in the hypnotherapy arm. HFRDIS scores improved by 51.6% in the gabapentin group and by 55.2% in the hypnotherapy group. There were no statistically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS Hypnotherapy and gabapentin demonstrate efficacy in improving hot flashes. A definitive trial evaluating traditional interventions against CAM methods is feasible, but not without challenges. Further studies aimed at defining evidence-based recommendations for CAM are necessary. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00711529).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon MacLaughlan David
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Women's Cancer Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sandra Salzillo
- Program in Women's Oncology, Women & Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Patrick Bowe
- Providence Hypnosis Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sandra Scuncio
- Program in Women's Oncology, Women & Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bridget Malit
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina Raker
- Program in Women's Oncology, Women & Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jennifer S Gass
- Program in Women's Oncology, Women & Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - C O Granai
- Program in Women's Oncology, Women & Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Don S Dizon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Desai G, Chaturvedi SK, Ramachandra S. Hypnotherapy: fact or fiction: a review in palliative care and opinions of health professionals. Indian J Palliat Care 2011; 17:146-9. [PMID: 21976856 PMCID: PMC3183605 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1075.84537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Complementary medicine like hypnotherapy is often used for pain and palliative care. Health professionals vary in views about hypnotherapy, its utility, value, and attitudes. Aims: To understand the opinions of health professionals on hypnotherapy. Settings and Design: A semi-qualitative method to survey opinions of the health professionals from various disciplines attending a programme on hypnotherapy was conducted. Materials and Methods: The survey form consisted of 32 statements about hypnosis and hypnotherapy. Participants were asked to indicate whether they agreed, disagreed, or were not sure about each statement. A qualitative feedback form was used to obtain further views about hypnotherapy. Statistical Analysis Used: Percentage, frequency distribution. Results: The sample consisted of 21 participants from various disciplines. Two-thirds of the participants gave correct responses to statements on dangerousness of hypnosis (90%), weak mind and hypnosis (86%), and hypnosis as therapy (81%). The participants gave incorrect responses about losing control in hypnosis (57%), hypnosis being in sleep (62%), and becoming dependent on hypnotist (62%). Participants were not sure if one could not hear the hypnotist one is not hypnotized (43%) about the responses on gender and hypnosis (38%), hypnosis leading to revealing secrets (23%). Conclusions: Despite patients using complementary medicine services, often health professionals are unaware of the issues associated with these services. These myths may interfere in using hypnotherapy as therapeutic tool in palliative care. It is important for health professionals to have an appropriate and evidence-based understanding about the complementary therapies including hypnotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Desai
- Department of Psychiatry, Nimhans, Bengaluru, India
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