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Yao S, Du Z, Xiao L, Yan F, Ivanovski S, Xiao Y. Morphometric Changes of Osteocyte Lacunar in Diabetic Pig Mandibular Cancellous Bone. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010049. [PMID: 36671434 PMCID: PMC9856050 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes play an important role in bone metabolism. The interactions of osteocytes with the surrounding microenvironment can alter cellular and lacunar morphological changes. However, objective quantification of osteocyte lacunae is challenging due to their deep location in the bone matrix. This project established a novel method for the analytical study of osteocytes/lacunae, which was then used to evaluate the osteocyte morphological changes in diabetic pig mandibular bone. Eight miniature pigs were sourced, and diabetes was randomly induced in four animals using streptozotocin (STZ) administration. The mandibular tissues were collected and processed. The jawbone density was evaluated with micro-CT. Osteocyte lacunae were effectively acquired and identified using backscattered electron scanning microscopy (BSE). A significantly decreased osteocyte lacunae size was found in the diabetic group. Using the acid etching method, it was demonstrated that the area of osteocyte and lacunae, and the pericellular areas were both significantly reduced in the diabetes group. In conclusion, a standard and relatively reliable method for analyzing osteocyte/lacunae morphological changes under compromised conditions has been successfully established. This method demonstrates that diabetes can significantly decrease osteocyte/lacunae size in a pig's mandibular cancellous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center of Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- The First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Zhibin Du
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center of Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center of Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center of Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Suzuki T, Hashisdate H, Fujisawa Y, Yatsunami M, Ota T, Shimizu N, Betsuyaku T. Reliability of measurement using Image J for reach distance and movement angles in the functional reach test. J Phys Ther Sci 2021; 33:112-117. [PMID: 33642684 PMCID: PMC7897527 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.33.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability and
minimal detectable change (MDC) of reach distance and movement angle analyses using Image
J. [Participants and Methods] Thirty-eight healthy young males performed the functional
reach test (FRT) twice, and their reach movements were recorded using a digital video
camera. Image J was used to combine the digital photographs taken at the start position
and maximum reach and to measure each movement. The measurements recorded were the
movement distance of the third metacarpal bone (reach distance), anterior-superior iliac
spine, and trochanter major, and the angles recorded were the acromion-malleolus
lateralis, acromion-trochanter major, and trochanter major-malleolus lateralis. The
reliability of all the measurements was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients
(ICCs), Bland-Altman plots, and MDCs. [Results] The ICCs (1, 1) were >0.80 for all the
outcomes. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed no systematic bias in any outcome. The MDC of
reach distance was 18.3 mm. [Conclusion] Measurement using Image J for reach distance and
movement angles in the FRT showed acceptable high test-retest reliability. Measurement of
the FRT and the MDC calculated in this study could be used as a reference for further
research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tokyo Tenshi Hospital: 50-1 Kamiichibukata-cho, Hachioji-city, Tokyo 193-0811, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hashisdate
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Japan
| | - Yuhki Fujisawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Yatsunami
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ota
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hatsudai Rehabilitation Hospital, Japan
| | - Natsuki Shimizu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hatsudai Rehabilitation Hospital, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Betsuyaku
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tokyo Tenshi Hospital: 50-1 Kamiichibukata-cho, Hachioji-city, Tokyo 193-0811, Japan
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Zhang D, Liu SG, Fu Z, He Y, Gao W, Shi X. The method for integrating dual-color fluorescence colocalization and single molecule photobleaching technology on the theophylline sensing platform. MethodsX 2020; 7:101155. [PMID: 33304835 PMCID: PMC7708945 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
• Smart usage of single molecule photobleaching technology and dual-color fluorescence colocalization is of critical importance for exploiting the sensing platform. Here, we provide the detailed protocols related to the article “A split aptamer sensing platform for highly sensitive detection of theophylline based on dual-color fluorescence colocalization and single molecule photobleaching” (published online by Biosensors and Bioelectronics) (Liu et al., 2020). The protocols contain: (1) how to clean the slides; (2) how to prepare the probe and detection sample; (3) Single molecule imaging; 4) Data processing by using the Image J. Finally, we used a simple model to confirm the feasibility of the method for integrating dual-color fluorescence colocalization and single molecule photobleaching technology on the theophylline sensing platform. • A simple, ultrasensitive method for the detection of theophylline. • The method is easily comprehensible. • Both strategy formulation and data processing are simple, learnability, and highly reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano Biosensing Technology in Food Safety, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shi Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano Biosensing Technology in Food Safety, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhaodi Fu
- Analytical Testing Laboratory, Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy CO., LTD., Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yu He
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano Biosensing Technology in Food Safety, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenli Gao
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano Biosensing Technology in Food Safety, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xingbo Shi
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano Biosensing Technology in Food Safety, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Lou Z, Wang C, Li Q, Li Y. Computer-assisted ultrasound quantification analysis in fatty liver model of rats. Ann Palliat Med 2020; 10:1631-1641. [PMID: 33302643 DOI: 10.21037/apm-19-545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shows its significant efficacy in preventing the patients from liver failure. The ultrasonic image quantitative analysis software can assist to diagnose NAFLD in the clinical studies. In this study, we aim to explore new method to evaluate the value of computer-assisted ultrasound in diagnosis and classification of fatty liver via Image J software. METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10) and model group (n=30). For model group, the rats received high fat diet and subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride to establish nonalcoholic fatty liver model. Ultrasound and pathological examinations on rats were performed on 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Image J software was used to measure the liver grayscale value (LGV) and renal grayscale value (RGV). The difference between LGV and RGV (LRGV) was analyzed. The diagnostic performance of computer-assisted ultrasound quantification was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS We compared ultrasonic quantization parameters between control and model groups and found that the LGV and LRGV were statistically different between the normal and light fatty livers, light and moderate fatty livers, as well as moderate and severe fatty livers, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in RGV among these groups (P>0.05). Kappa statistic and Bland-Altman analyses showed the consistency of ultrasonic examination and pathological examination was good in diagnosis of fatty liver. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the computer-assisted ultrasound quantification analysis, with high performance of NAFLD diagnosis like pathological examination, could provide a new and flexible noninvasive method for preclinical pharmacological research and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lou
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaobei Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinyan Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Rahimi Anbarkeh F, Nikravesh MR, Jalali M, Soukhtanloo M. The protective role of alpha-lipoic acid on the appearance of fibronectin and laminin in renal tubules following diazinon exposure: An experimental immunohistochemical study. Toxicology 2020; 444:152583. [PMID: 32911022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) exerts a major role in maintaining the structure and developmental processes of tissues. To form the tubular basement membrane in the kidney, sulfate proteoglycans, collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and other glycoproteins congregate in the ECM. As an insecticide, diazinon (DZN) may alter the proportion of ECM by cholinesterase activity inhibition and oxidative stress. The naturally, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) plays an effective and therapeutic role in the treatment of toxicities and diseases in the body. In the current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the impacts of alpha-lipoic acid on the distribution of fibronectin and laminin in the renal tubules of male Wistar rats following exposure to diazinon. In this study, the animal groups comprised 30 adult male Wistar rats (almost three months old) randomly distributed into the following groups; control, DZN (40 mg/kg), DZN + ALA (40 mg/kg+100 mg/kg), ALA (100 mg/kg), and sham. The rats were anesthetized after six weeks. Blood sampling was performed, and kidneys were removed for immunohistochemistry study. Diazinon reduced the distribution of fibronectin and laminin and significantly inhibited cholinesterase activity in the renal tubules. Furthermore, urea and creatinine levels were higher in diazinon than in other groups. ALA in the co-treatment group enhanced cholinesterase activity and distribution of both glycoproteins in the renal tubules. Urea and creatinine levels were meaningfully diminished in the DZN + ALA group. The nephrotoxic effect of diazinon in vivo was the reduced distribution of laminin and fibronectin, probably induced by cholinesterase activity inhibition. As an antioxidant with specific properties, ALA reduces the nephrotoxic effects of diazinon by multifarious mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahimi Anbarkeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikravesh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jalali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ohne H, Takahashi M, Satomi K, Hasegawa A, Takeuchi T, Sato S, Ichimura S. Mechanism of forelimb motor function restoration in rats with cervical spinal cord hemisection-neuroanatomical validation. IBRO Rep 2019; 7:10-25. [PMID: 31431931 PMCID: PMC6581651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is neuroanatomical validation of forelimb motor function restoration in rats with cervical spinal cord injury. Materials and methods We used eight cervical hemisected rats and eight normal rats. We cut in half the C3/4 cervical spinal cord of 18-weeks-old normal rats. We used 24-weeks-old rats that had reached a nearly steady state of forelimb motor function after the hemisection (Hemisection group). Normal 24-week-old rats were used as Control group. To evaluate the corticospinal tracts, neuro-tracing by biotynirated dextran-amine (BDA) was used. BDA was injected into the damaged side of the cerebral primary motor cortex. In order to quantitatively analyze the specimen, we recorded a site where nerve fibers appear in each specimen in the image analysis (1) and defined the increase rate of immunostaining area using ImageJ in the image analysis (2). Based on the evaluation in the image analysis (1) and the image analysis (2), the Hemisection group and the Control group were compared. Results In the image analysis (1), a region with robust appearance of aberrant nerve fibers was observed in the cephalad side of the Hemisection site in Hemisection group than Control group. In the spinal cord caudal to the hemisection, such region was generally more in Hemisection group, however, disappeared or reduced appearance was observed in some regions. In the image analysis (2), no statistical significant difference was noted in each level. Conclusion There is a high probability that these aberrant nerve fibers beyond the midline could be involved in forelimb motor function restoration in rats with cervical cord hemisection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ohne
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Masahito Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Satomi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kugayama Hospital, 2-14-20 Kitakarasuyama Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-0061, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takumi Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ichimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
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Hattori S, Okumura Y, Takao K, Yamaguchi Y, Miyakawa T. Open source code for behavior analysis in rodents. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:67-69. [PMID: 30659767 PMCID: PMC7292282 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim We have conducted a series of behavioral tests, which cover a broad range of behavioral domains, on various strains of genetically engineered mice. For the behavioral screening, we have been using Image J plugins that we developed for most of the tests in the battery. Our behavioral analysis system with the plugins enables systematic and automated image analysis of behavior. The plugins are freely available on the “Mouse Phenotype Database” website (http://www.mouse-phenotype.org/software.html). Here, we release the source code of the plugins in a Git repository with the aim of promoting their use and expanding their functionality. Methods We published the source code of the Image J plugins for behavioral analysis at Git repository (https://github.com/neuroinformatics). The source code for light/dark transition, elevated plus maze, open filed, T‐maze, and fear conditioning tests was made publicly available in the repository. Conclusions The source code of the plugins for the behavioral tests as well as the pre‐compiled binaries can be freely obtained. The open source code could promote the development and modification of the plugins for additional behavioral indices in these tests and for other behavioral tests. We developed the Image J plugins for behavioral analysis, and the pre‐compiled plugins are freely available on the website of “Mouse Phenotype Database.” Here, we released the source code of the plugins in the Git repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Okumura
- Neuroinformatics Unit, Integrative Computational Brain Science Collaboration Center, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Division of Animal Resources and Development, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Neuroinformatics Unit, Integrative Computational Brain Science Collaboration Center, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Markasz L, Savani RC, Sedin G, Sindelar R. The receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) expression in neonatal bronchiolar epithelium correlates negatively with lung air content. Early Hum Dev 2018; 127:58-68. [PMID: 30312861 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyaluronan (HA) and the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) may play an important role in lung development. We examined the expression of HA content and RHAMM during postnatal lung development by analyzing human lung specimens from newborn infants with a variety of lung diseases at different gestational (GA) and postnatal (PNA) ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-four patients were evaluated. Immunohistochemical RHAMM expression was studied with digital image analysis, followed by hierarchical cluster analysis of both these data and clinical data to define subgroups. The air content of the lung was determined by computerized analysis. HA content was estimated by radiometric assay. RESULTS Cluster analysis defined six distinct patient groups (Group 1-2: 34-41 weeks GA; Group 3-5: 23-27 weeks GA; Group 6: mixed population). Group 1-5 showed individual patterns in RHAMM expression and HA content (Group 1: high RHAMM/low HA; Group 2: low RHAMM/low HA; Group 3: low RHAMM/low HA; Group 4: low RHAMM/high HA; Group 5: high RHAMM/high HA). HA content decreased with increasing PNA independently of GA. Negative correlation was observed between air content and RHAMM expression in the bronchiolar epithelium irrespective of clustered groups. Lung hypoplasia appeared in two distinctive groups, with significant differences in lung development and RHAMM expression. CONCLUSIONS RHAMM expression may show dynamic changes during pathological processes in the neonatal lung. The distribution of RHAMM in the lung tissue is heterogeneous with a predominance to the bronchiolar epithelium. We found a negative correlation between lung air content and RHAMM expression in bronchiolar epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Markasz
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden..
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Gunnar Sedin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Sindelar
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Almelkar SI, Bethapudi S, Rath SN. Development of an Experimental Model of a Decellularized Kidney Scaffold by Perfusion Mode and Analyzing the Three-dimensional Extracellular Matrix Architecture by Edge Detection Method. Indian J Nephrol 2018; 28:339-344. [PMID: 30270993 PMCID: PMC6146729 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_14_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal transplant is treatment of choice for the patients with end stage renal disease. The kidney transplants are expensive and there are risks of immunological and infectious complications. We planned to develop an in vitro decellularized kidney scaffold model using sheep kidney. Kidney decellularization was carried out by perfusing chemical detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), SDS and trypsin, and SDS and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solvent solution. Complete kidney was decellularized in 5 days by perfusing various chemical detergents in time-dependent intervals. Histological finding revealed the complete removal of cellular material in various regions of renal corpuscle, distal convoluted tubules, other cortex and medulla region. Details of interlobular veins and arteries were seen through naked eyes after trypan blue dye injection. We used edge detection technique for developing a three-dimensional (3-D) image (Image J software) for nephrological vasculature constructed of decellularized kidney scaffold specimen. This technique opens a gateway for the whole organ decellularization by perfusion technology and further imaging of its 3-D extracellular matrix texture by edge detection technique software.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Almelkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - S Bethapudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - S N Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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Trefan L, Harris C, Evans S, Nuttall D, Maguire S, Kemp AM. A comparison of four different imaging modalities - Conventional, cross polarized, infra-red and ultra-violet in the assessment of childhood bruising. J Forensic Leg Med 2018; 59:30-35. [PMID: 30096460 PMCID: PMC6125673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background It is standard practice to image concerning bruises in children. We aim to compare the clarity and measurements of bruises using cross polarized, infra-red (IR) and ultra-violet (UV) images to conventional images. Methods Children aged <11 years with incidental bruising were recruited. Demographics, skin and bruise details were recorded. Bruises were imaged by standard protocols in conventional, cross-polarized, IR and UV lights. Bruises were assessed in vivo for contrast, uniformity and diffuseness, and these characteristics were then compared across image modalities. Color images (conventional, cross polarized) were segmented and measured by ImageJ. Bruises of grey scale images (IR, UV) were measured by a ‘plug in’ of ImageJ. The maximum and minimum Feret's diameter, area and aspect ratio, were determined. Comparison of measurements across imaging modalities was conducted using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and modified Bland-Altman graphs. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Twenty five children had 39 bruises. Bruises that were of low contrast, i.e. difficult to distinguish from surrounding skin, were also more diffuse, and less uniformity in vivo. Low contrast bruises were best seen on conventional and cross-polarized images and less distinctive on IR and UV images. Of the 19 bruises visible in all modalities, the only significant difference was maximum and minimum Feret's diameters and area were smaller on IR compared to conventional images. Aspect ratios were not affected by the modality. Conclusions Conventional and cross-polarized imaging provides the most consistent bruise measurement, particularly in bruises that are not easily distinguished from surrounding skin visually. Diffuse bruises may be measured on conventional & cross polarized imaging. Infrared or ultraviolet imaging may not show bruises which are difficult to see in vivo. Measurements of bruises using infrared imaging may be smaller than other modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Trefan
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
| | - C Harris
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
| | - S Evans
- Chief Clinical Photographer, Dental Photography, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK.
| | - D Nuttall
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
| | - S Maguire
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
| | - A M Kemp
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
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11
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Harris C, Alcock A, Trefan L, Nuttall D, Evans ST, Maguire S, Kemp AM. Optimising the measurement of bruises in children across conventional and cross polarized images using segmentation analysis techniques in Image J, Photoshop and circle diameter measurements. J Forensic Leg Med 2018; 54:114-120. [PMID: 29413952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruising is a common abusive injury in children, and it is standard practice to image and measure them, yet there is no current standard for measuring bruise size consistently. We aim to identify the optimal method of measuring photographic images of bruises, including computerised measurement techniques. METHODS 24 children aged <11 years (mean age of 6.9, range 2.5-10 years) with a bruise were recruited from the community. Demographics and bruise details were recorded. Each bruise was measured in vivo using a paper measuring tape. Standardised conventional and cross polarized digital images were obtained. The diameter of bruise images were measured by three computer aided measurement techniques: Image J (segmentation with Simple Interactive Object Extraction (maximum Feret diameter), 'Circular Selection Tool' (Circle diameter), & the Photoshop 'ruler' software (Photoshop diameter)). Inter and intra-observer effects were determined by two individuals repeating 11 electronic measurements, and relevant Intraclass Correlation Coefficient's (ICC's) were used to establish reliability. Spearman's rank correlation was used to compare in vivo with computerised measurements; a comparison of measurement techniques across imaging modalities was conducted using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05 for all tests. RESULTS Images were available for 38 bruises in vivo, with 48 bruises visible on cross polarized imaging and 46 on conventional imaging (some bruises interpreted as being single in vivo appeared to be multiple in digital images). Correlation coefficients were >0.5 for all techniques, with maximum Feret diameter and maximum Photoshop diameter on conventional images having the strongest correlation with in vivo measurements. There were significant differences between in vivo and computer-aided measurements, but none between different computer-aided measurement techniques. Overall, computer aided measurements appeared larger than in vivo. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was high for all maximum diameter measurements (ICC's > 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Whilst there are minimal differences between measurements of images obtained, the most consistent results were obtained when conventional images, segmented by Image J Software, were measured with a Feret diameter. This is therefore proposed as a standard for future research, and forensic practice, with the proviso that all computer aided measurements appear larger than in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Harris
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
| | - A Alcock
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK.
| | - L Trefan
- School of Medicine, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
| | - D Nuttall
- School of Medicine, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
| | - S T Evans
- Dental Photography, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
| | - S Maguire
- School of Medicine, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK; Division of Population Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK.
| | - A M Kemp
- Division of Population Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK.
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Lee SJ, Im SB, Jeong JH, Chung M, Kim BT, Hwang SC, Shin DS. Utility of the Lateral Base Dural Tacking Method in Cord Tumor Surgery Performed Using Unilateral Hemilaminectomy: A Comparison of Dural Window Widths. World Neurosurg 2017; 110:e684-e688. [PMID: 29174230 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unilateral hemilaminectomy, which is used to remove spinal cord tumors, is simpler than laminoplastic laminotomy and affords certain biomechanical advantages. However, both incomplete tumor removal and inadvertent infliction of spinal cord damage attributable to the narrow surgical corridor remain of concern. When a spinal cord tumor is to be removed, it is important to ensure that the dural window along the surgical corridor is of adequate width. This study aimed to determine that the utility of lateral base dural tacking (LBT) method when cord tumor surgery is performed using a unilateral hemilaminectomy-a comparison of dural window widths with a traditional dural tack-up and a suspending-out (DSO) method with the aid of digital image-analysis software. METHODS Twenty-one consecutive patients who had intradural-extramedullary spinal cord tumors removed using a unilateral hemilaminectomy were included in the study and analyzed retrospectively. We acquired DSO and LBT dural window images using surgical microscopes under identical conditions in consecutive order and then removed the tumors using the LBT method. We used digital image-analysis software to analyze the images quantitatively. The pixel numbers of LBT and DSO window were compared using a paired t test. RESULTS Twenty-one tumorous lesions were successfully removed without any major problems using a unilateral hemilaminectomy through LBT windows. The mean pixel numbers of the LBT and DSO windows were 126,787 ± 41,938 and 85,940 ± 21,638. The LBT windows were 46% larger than the DSO windows (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We objectively proved that the utility of the LBT method for widening the surgical corridor created during hemilaminectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jong Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Soo Bin Im
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Korea.
| | - Je Hoon Jeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Moonyoung Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Bum-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Dong-Seong Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Korea
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13
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Potapova TA, Unruh JR, Box AC, Bradford WD, Seidel CW, Slaughter BD, Sivagnanam S, Wu Y, Li R. Karyotyping human and mouse cells using probes from single-sorted chromosomes and open source software. Biotechniques 2015; 59:335-6, 338, 340-2 passim. [PMID: 26651513 DOI: 10.2144/000114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multispectral karyotyping analyzes all chromosomes in a single cell by labeling them with chromosome-specific probes conjugated to unique combinations of fluorophores. Currently available multispectral karyotyping systems require the purchase of specialized equipment and reagents. However, conventional laser scanning confocal microscopes that are capable of separating multiple overlapping emission spectra through spectral imaging and linear unmixing can be utilized for classifying chromosomes painted with multicolor probes. Here, we generated multicolor chromosome paints from single-sorted human and mouse chromosomes and developed the Karyotype Identification via Spectral Separation (KISS) analysis package, a set of freely available open source ImageJ tools for spectral unmixing and karyotyping. Chromosome spreads painted with our multispectral probe sets can be imaged on widely available spectral laser scanning confocal microscopes and analyzed using our ImageJ tools. Together, our probes and software enable academic labs with access to a laser-scanning spectral microscope to perform multicolor karyotyping in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Andrew C Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuping Wu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Rong Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.,Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855, N. Wolfe Street, 21205, Baltimore, MD
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Jayant S, Sharma BM, Bansal R, Sharma B. Pharmacological benefits of selective modulation of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) in experimental Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2015;140:39-50. [PMID: 26577751 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that pervasively affects the population across the world. Currently, there is no effective treatment available for this and existing drugs merely slow the progression of cognitive function decline. Thus, massive effort is required to find an intended therapeutic target to overcome this condition. The present study has been framed to investigate the ameliorative role of selective modulator of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), 1-phenylisatin in experimental AD condition. We have induced experimental AD in mice by using two induction models viz., intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of streptozotocin (STZ) and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3)+d-galactose. Morris water maze (MWM) and attentional set shifting test (ASST) were used to assess learning and memory. Hematoxylin-eosin and Congo red staining were used to examine the structural variation in brain. Brain oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and glutathione), nitric oxide levels (nitrites/nitrates), acetyl cholinesterase activity, myeloperoxidase and calcium levels were also estimated. i.c.v. STZ as well as AlCl3+d-galactose have impaired spatial and reversal learning with executive functioning, increased brain oxidative and nitrosative stress, cholinergic activity, inflammation and calcium levels. Furthermore, these agents have also enhanced the burden of Aβ plaque in the brain. Treatment with 1-phenylisatin and donepezil attenuated i.c.v. STZ as well as AlCl3+d-galactose induced impairment of learning-memory, brain biochemistry and brain damage. Hence, this study concludes that CB2 receptor modulation can be a potential therapeutic target for the management of AD.
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Chadha AS, Madhugiri VS, Tejus MN, Kumar VRR. The posterior cranial fossa: a comparative MRI-based anatomic study of linear dimensions and volumetry in a homogeneous South Indian population. Surg Radiol Anat 2015; 37:901-12. [PMID: 25626883 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-015-1434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The posterior fossa contains structures that are vital to life. In this study, we aimed at establishing normal linear dimensions and volume data of the posterior fossa in a homogeneous south Indian population. We also evaluated the influence of large tumors on these parameters. We evaluated the accuracy of different techniques of measuring these dimensions and compared them with literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Control and tumor MRIs were selected from an imaging database. Linear posterior fossa dimensions as well as volumes were measured using Image J and Fiji. The volume data were compared with similar data from literature. The effect of the presence of a tumor on posterior fossa volume was measured. RESULTS The posterior fossa volume was higher in men than in women, irrespective of whether the volume was estimated on axial, sagittal or coronal MR images. Despite the wide variation in the techniques used, there was no significant difference between the volumes reported in literature and the volumes calculated in the current series. The presence of large tumors did not affect linear dimensions or posterior fossa volumes. Among the techniques based on linear measurements that were assessed for concordance with manual segmentation, the technique using the formula for volume of an ellipsoid had the best agreement. CONCLUSIONS Posterior fossa volume is higher in men than in women, Posterior fossa dimensions were not affected by the presence of large tumors. Manual segmentation remains the most accurate method to measure posterior fossa volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awalpreet Singh Chadha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605006, India
| | - Venkatesh S Madhugiri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605006, India.
| | - M N Tejus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605006, India
| | - V R Roopesh Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605006, India
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Cottrell P, Ahmed S, James C, Hodson J, McDonnell PJ, Rauz S, Williams GP. Neuron J is a rapid and reliable open source tool for evaluating corneal nerve density in herpes simplex keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:7312-20. [PMID: 25324286 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) demonstrates reduction in corneal sub-basal nerve density in herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). Image J is an open source image-analysis platform that can be combined with a nerve tracer, Neuron J. We sought to compare the reliability and speed of corneal nerve density quantification between these modalities and their relation to clinical damage. METHODS A total of 16 eyes (14 patients) with chronic HSK was assessed clinically and by IVCM. Randomly ordered triplicate, representative images from the central cornea were presented to two masked observers and corneal sub-basal nerve density was measured using Image J/Neuron J. Agreement was quantified using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman plots together with mean difference, and level of agreement (LoA). RESULTS The median nerve density was measured at 7.1 mm/mm(2) (quartiles, 3.3-11.2), with Neuron-J demonstrating good intra-/interobserver agreement (ICC, 0.96-0.99; P < 0.001; mean difference, 0.1-1.4; LoA, <±3.3). Intraeye reliability was less consistent (mean difference, 1.7-2.3; LoA, ±8.8-9.8). Neuron J was highly comparable to Image J for both observers (ICC, 1.0; P < 0.001; mean difference, <0.2; LoA, ±<1.2) and significantly faster than Image J (median, 49 vs. 102 seconds, P < 0.001). Diminished nerve density was associated with corneal opacification and reduction in visual acuity (both P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The IVCM combined with Neuron J affords objective, user-friendly, and fast quantification of corneal nerve damage in HSK. It provides semiobjective phenotyping of the sequelae of neurotrophic corneal damage and offers a potential tool for measuring vulnerability to relapse or additional infections. Further exploration in a larger longitudinal cohort is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cottrell
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom Department of Optometry, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sohail Ahmed
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine James
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Hodson
- Department of Statistics, Wolfson Computer Laboratory, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J McDonnell
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Geraint P Williams
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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