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Qin W, Shi Y, Chen W, Jia X, Asakawa T. Can kynurenine pathway be considered as a next-generation therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease? An update information. Biosci Trends 2022; 16:249-256. [PMID: 36002303 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
By far, no revolutionary breakthrough in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) was found. It is indeed a knotty problem to select a satisfactory strategy for treating some patients with advanced stage PD. Development of novel therapeutic targets against PD has been an urgent task faced by global PD researchers. Targets in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (KP) were then considered. Metabolites in the KP are liposoluble. Some neurotoxic metabolites, including 3-hydroxykynurenine and its downstream 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid, are mainly produced peripherally. They can easily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exert their neurotoxic effects in the central neuron system (CNS), which is considered as a potential pathophysiological mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, agents against the targets in the KP have two characteristics: (1) being independent from the dopaminergic system and (2) being seldom affected by the BBB. Inspiringly, one agent, namely, the inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, has been currently reported to present satisfactory efficacy comparable to levodopa, implying that the KP might be a potential novel target for PD. This review collected and summarized the updated information regarding the association of the KP with PD, which is helpful for understanding the clinical value of the KP in the PD scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Enshi Central Hospital, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yirong Shi
- Department of Nursing, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weimei Chen
- Department of Nursing, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaokang Jia
- Department of Neurology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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2
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Chuang TD, Quintanilla D, Boos D, Khorram O. Tryptophan catabolism is dysregulated in leiomyomas. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:1160-1171. [PMID: 34116832 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the expression and functional roles of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) in leiomyoma. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Academic research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Women undergoing hysterectomy for leiomyoma. INTERVENTION(S) Blockade of IDO1 and TDO2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Expression of IDO1 and TDO2 in leiomyoma and the effects of their inhibitors on the extracellular matrix. RESULT(S) Leiomyoma expressed significantly higher levels of IDO1 and TDO2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA; 60.3%, 35/58 pairs and 98.3%, 57/58 pairs, respectively) and protein (54%, 27/50 pairs and 92%, 46/50 pairs, respectively) as well as the enzyme activity marker kynurenine (78.3%, 36/46 pairs for IDO1/TDO2) compared with levels in matched myometrium. The expression of TDO2 but not IDO1 mRNA was significantly higher in fibroids from African American compared with that in Caucasian and Hispanic patients. The TDO2 but not the IDO1 protein and mRNA levels were more abundant in fibroids bearing the MED12 mutation compared with results in wild-type leiomyomas. Treatment of leiomyoma smooth muscle cell and myometrial smooth muscle cell spheroids with the TDO2 inhibitor 680C91 but not the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat significantly repressed cell proliferation and the expression of collagen type I (COL1A1) and type III (COL3A1) in a dose-dependent manner; these effects were more pronounced in leiomyoma smooth muscle cells compared with myometrial smooth muscle cell spheroids. CONCLUSION(S) These results underscore the physiological significance of the tryptophan degradation pathway in the pathogenesis of leiomyomas and the potential utility of anti-TDO2 drugs for treatment of leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Der Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California
| | - Derek Quintanilla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California
| | - Drake Boos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California
| | - Omid Khorram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California.
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3
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Engin AB, Engin A. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity-Induced Acceleration of Tumor Growth, and Protein Kinases-Related Novel Therapeutics Regimens. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1275:339-356. [PMID: 33539022 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is overexpressed in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). IDO-mediated degradation of tryptophan (Trp) along the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway by immune cells is associated with the anti-microbial, and anti-tumor defense mechanisms. In contrast, IDO is constitutively expressed by various tumors and creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment around the tumor tissue both by depletion of the essential amino acid Trp and by formation of Kyn, which is immunosuppressive metabolite of Trp. IDO may activate its own expression in human cancer cells via an autocrine aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)- interleukin 6 (IL-6)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling loop. Although IDO is not a unique marker, in many clinical trials serum IDO activity is suggested to be an important parameter in the pathogenesis of cancer development and growth. Measuring IDO activity in serum seems to be an indicator of cancer growth rate, however, it is controversial whether this approach can be used as a reliable guide in cancer patients treated with IDO inhibitors. Thus, IDO immunostaining is strongly recommended for the identification of higher IDO producing tumors, and IDO inhibitors should be included in post-operative complementary therapy in IDO positive cancer cases only. Novel therapies that target the IDO pathway cover checkpoint protein kinases related combination regimens. Currently, multi-modal therapies combining IDO inhibitors and checkpoint kinase blockers in addition to T regulatory (Treg) cell-modifying treatments seem promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhou Y, Lu X, Du C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Hong KH, Chen Y, Sun H. Novel BuChE-IDO1 inhibitors from sertaconazole: Virtual screening, chemical optimization and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 34:127756. [PMID: 33359445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In our effort towards the identification of novel BuChE-IDO1 dual-targeted inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), sertaconazole was identified through a combination of structure-based virtual screening followed by MM-GBSA rescoring. Preliminary chemical optimization was performed to develop more potent and selective sertaconazole analogues. In consideration of the selectivity and the inhibitory activity against target proteins, compounds 5c and 5d were selected for the next study. Further modification of compound 5c led to the generation of compound 10g with notably improved selectivity towards BuChE versus AChE. The present study provided us with a good starting point to further design potent and selective BuChE-IDO1 inhibitors, which may benefit the treatment of late stage AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenxi Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kwon Ho Hong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Gao D, Liu Y, Guo X, Chen S, Zeng L, Ma J, Zhang X, Tian Z, Yang Z. Immunogenic-cell-killing and immunosuppression-inhibiting nanomedicine. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1513-1527. [PMID: 33294730 PMCID: PMC7689277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining chemo-therapeutics with immune checkpoint inhibitors facilitates killing cancer cells and activating the immune system through inhibiting immune escape. However, their treatment effects remain limited due to the compromised accumulation of both drugs and inhibitors in certain tumor tissues. Herein, a new poly (acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile-co-vinylimidazole-co-bis(2-methacryloyl) oxyethyl disulfide) (PAAVB) polymer-based intelligent platform with controllable upper critical solution temperature (UCST) was used for the simultaneous delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and curcumin (CUR). Additionally, a hyaluronic acid (HA) layer was coated on the surface of PAAVB NPs to target the CD44-overexpressed tumor cells. The proposed nanomedicine demonstrated a gratifying accumulation in tumor tissue and uptake by cancer cells. Then, the acidic microenvironment and high level of glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells could spontaneously decrease the UCST of polymer, leading to the disassembly of the NPs and rapid drug release at body temperature without extra-stimuli. Significantly, the released PTX and CUR could induce the immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote adaptive anti-tumor immunogenicity and inhibit immunosuppression through suppressing the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme respectively. Therefore, the synergism of this intelligent nanomedicine can suppress primary breast tumor growth and inhibit their lung metastasis. A new copolymer PAAVB was prepared with pH- and GSH- controllable upper critical solution temperature (UCST) properties. A nano-platform with PAAVB copolymer core and HA shell was developed and showed the capability to deliver PTX and CUR. The antitumor immune response was synergistically stimulated by PTX-induced ICD and CUR induced IDO1activity suppression. The synergism of intelligent nanomedicine could suppress the primary breast tumor growth and inhibit their lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Di Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yan Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuojia Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Li Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jinxuan Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States.,School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Zhongmin Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Mondanelli G, Di Battista V, Pellanera F, Mammoli A, Macchiarulo A, Gargaro M, Mavridou E, Matteucci C, Ruggeri L, Orabona C, Volpi C, Grohmann U, Mecucci C. A novel mutation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 causes a rapid proteasomal degradation and compromises protein function. J Autoimmun 2020; 115:102509. [PMID: 32605792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) - the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step of tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway - belongs to the class of inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules. Such regulators of the immune system are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance and thus, when properly working, preventing autoimmunity. A dysfunctional IDO1 has recently been associated with a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and with the occurrence of autoimmune diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Many genetic alterations of IDO1 have been proposed being related with dysimmune disorders. However, the molecular and functional meaning of variations in IDO1 exomes as well as the promoter region remains a poorly explored field. In the present study, we identified a rare missense variant (rs751360195) at the IDO1 gene in a patient affected by coeliac disease, thyroiditis, and selective immunoglobulin A deficiency. Molecular and functional studies demonstrated that the substitution of lysine (K) at position 257 with a glutamic acid (E) results in an altered IDO1 protein that undergoes a rapid protein turnover. This genotype-to-phenotype relation is produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the patient bearing this variation and is associated with a specific phenotype (i.e., impaired tryptophan catabolism and defective mechanisms of immune tolerance). Thus decoding functional mutations of the IDO1 exome may provide clinically relevant information exploitable to personalize therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Mammoli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Kwon M, Ko SK, Jang M, Kim GH, Ryoo IJ, Son S, Ryu HW, Oh SR, Lee WK, Kim BY, Jang JH, Ahn JS. Inhibitory effects of flavonoids isolated from Sophora flavescens on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1481-1488. [PMID: 31423846 PMCID: PMC6713164 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1640218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a tryptophan catabolising enzyme, is known as a tumour cell survival factor that causes immune escape in several types of cancer. Flavonoids of Sophora flavescens have a variety of biological benefits for humans; however, cancer immunotherapy effect has not been fully investigated. The flavonoids (1-6) isolated from S. flavescens showed IDO1 inhibitory activities (IC50 4.3-31.4 µM). The representative flavonoids (4-6) of S. flavescens were determined to be non-competitive inhibitors of IDO1 by kinetic analyses. Their binding affinity to IDO1 was confirmed using thermal stability and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays. The molecular docking analysis and mutagenesis assay revealed the structural details of the interactions between the flavonoids (1-6) and IDO1. These results suggest that the flavonoids (1-6) of S. flavescens, especially kushenol E (6), as IDO1 inhibitors might be useful in the development of immunotherapeutic agents against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincheol Kwon
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Mina Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - In-Ja Ryoo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Sangkeun Son
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea.,Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea
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8
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Huang Q, Xia J, Wang L, Wang X, Ma X, Deng Q, Lu Y, Kumar M, Zhou Z, Li L, Zeng Z, Young KH, Yi Q, Zhang M, Li Y. miR-153 suppresses IDO1 expression and enhances CAR T cell immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:58. [PMID: 29685162 PMCID: PMC5914051 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in converting tryptophan to kynurenine. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are T cells with recombinant receptors targeting tumor-associated antigens. The Food and Drug Administration has approved CAR T cells that target CD19 for treatment of advanced B cell leukemia and lymphoma. However, CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors has been hampered by multiple obstacles. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that combinatorial immune checkpoint blockade and IDO1 inhibition provide durable therapeutic efficacy against cancer. Yet, the combination of IDO1 inhibition and CAR T has not been attempted. METHODS We analyze IDO1 downregulation by miR-153 in colon cancer cells and the association of IDO1 and miR-153 expression with colorectal patient survival. We generate CAR T cells targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III and measure their tumor killing effects against colon cancer cells with or without miR-153 overexpression by killing assays and in xenografts. RESULTS IDO1 is highly expressed in colorectal tumors and is inversely associated with patient survival. miR-153 directly inhibits IDO1 expression by targeting its 3' untranslated region in colon cancer cells; yet, miR-153 overexpression does not affect cancer cell survival, apoptosis, and colony formation. When colon cancer cells are targeted by CAR T cells, miR-153 overexpression within tumor cells significantly enhances T cell killing in vitro and suppresses xenograft tumor growth in mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that miR-153 inhibits IDO1 expression in colon cancer cells and is a tumor-suppressive miRNA that enhances CAR T cell immunotherapy. This study supports the combinatorial use of IDO1 inhibitors and CAR T cells in treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jiajia Xia
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qipan Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Raman Fellow (UGC), Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been recently regarded as systemic regulators in multiple biologic processes including tumorigenesis. In this study, we observed the expression of lncRNA lnc-sox5 was significantly increased in colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite the CRC cell growth, cell cycle and cell apoptosis was not affected by lnc-sox5 knock-down, lnc-sox5 knock-down suppressed CRC cell migration and invasion. In addition, xenograft animal model suggested that lnc-sox5 knock-down significantly suppressed the CRC tumorigenesis. Our results also showed that the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) was significantly reduced by lnc-sox5 knock-down and therefore modulated the infiltration and cytotoxicity of CD3+CD8+T cells. Taken together, these results suggested that lnc-sox5 unbalances tumor microenvironment to regulate colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Wu
- a Gastrointestinal Surgery Center , 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Zhenxian Zhao
- b Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery , 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Kuanzhi Liu
- c Department of Anaesthesiology , 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen Univesity , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- d Gastrointestinal Surgery Center , 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- d Gastrointestinal Surgery Center , 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- d Gastrointestinal Surgery Center , 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
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