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Parth S, Ankit Y, Rigterink S, Mazzini I, Russell J, Anoop A, Waldmann N. Investigating the impact of climate change on the lake ecosystem during the late Holocene using a sedimentary record from the southern Arabian Desert, Yemen. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:165835. [PMID: 37517735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Lake systems respond physically, chemically, and biologically to hydro-climatic change and variability, and these responses are documented in the sediments. Individual proxies and lacustrine environments may respond to climate variations in a nonlinear way, making it difficult to determine the direction and extent of a climatic shift. Here we investigate the response of lake ecosystem to climatic and environmental changes using a suite of paleo-proxies including ostracods, chironomids, and n-alkanes distribution from paleolake 'Gayal el Bazal (Yemen)'. A previous study from this site has provided a continuous, and high-resolution dataset providing an understanding of precipitation during the last ca 1200 years, particularly during Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA). However, the response of the lake ecosystem to these changing hydro-climate conditions, including water-level, salinity, and productivity, remains unknown. The n-alkanes dataset shows that during pluvial interval such as the MCA, the lake experienced an increase in nutrient input resulting in enhanced aquatic productivity. Concurrently, ostracods assemblage displays an increased abundance of swimmer species (like Bradleytriebella lineata and Fabaeomiscandona cf. breuili), suggesting an indirect response between ostracods and climate shifts. The chironomid community during the MCA interval is dominated by taxa belonging to the subfamilies of Chironomini, suggesting a warm, shallow, productive environment with macrophyte vegetation. The LIA interval is marked by increased abundance of higher-chain length n-alkanes, suggesting increased contribution from higher plants. Furthermore, ostracod distribution revealed increased abundance of non-swimmer species like Vestalenula cylindrica., which thrive under saline conditions in the lake. Changes in abundances of Tanytarsini during the LIA interval, which are associated with higher oxygen levels, suggest changes in lake productivity. As a result, the overall patterns in biological indicators reveal that their individual abundance and species/tribe distribution fluctuates in response to changes in the climate and hydrological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Parth
- Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yadav Ankit
- Department Physical Geography, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sonja Rigterink
- Institute of Geosystems and Bioindication, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ilaria Mazzini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IGAG, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1 - Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29, 300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - James Russell
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ambili Anoop
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Nicolas Waldmann
- Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
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Buonincontri MP, Bosso L, Smeraldo S, Chiusano ML, Pasta S, Di Pasquale G. Shedding light on the effects of climate and anthropogenic pressures on the disappearance of Fagus sylvatica in the Italian lowlands: evidence from archaeo-anthracology and spatial analyses. Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162893. [PMID: 36933734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fagus sylvatica is one of the most representative trees of the European deciduous broadleaved forests, yet the impact of changing climatic conditions and anthropogenic pressures (anthromes) on its presence and distribution in the coastal and lowland areas of the Mediterranean Basin has long been overlooked. Here, we first analysed the local forest composition in two different time intervals (350-300 Before Current Era, BCE and 150-100 BCE) using charred wood remains from the Etruscan site of Cetamura (Tuscany, central Italy). Additionally, we reviewed all the relevant publications and the wood/charcoal data obtained from anthracological analysis in F. sylvatica, focusing on samples that date back to 4000 years before present, to better understand the drivers of beech presence and distribution during the Late Holocene (LH) in the Italian Peninsula. Then, we combined charcoal and spatial analyses to test the distribution of beech woodland at low elevation during LH in Italy and to evaluate the effect of climate change and/or anthrome on the disappearance of F. sylvatica from the lowlands. We collected 1383 charcoal fragments in Cetamura belonging to 21 woody taxa, with F. sylvatica being the most abundant species (28 %), followed by other broadleaved trees. We identified 25 sites in the Italian Peninsula with beech charcoals in the last 4000 years. Our spatial analyses showed a marked decrease in habitat suitability of F. sylvatica from LH to the present (ca. 48 %), particularly in the lowlands (0-300 m above sea level, a.s.l.) and in areas included between 300-600 m a.s.l. with a subsequent shift upwards of the beech woodland of ca. 200 m from the past to the present. In the lowland areas, where F. sylvatica has disappeared, anthrome alone and climate + anthorme had a main effect on beech distribution whitin 0-50 m a.s.l., while the climate from 50 to 300 m a.s.l. Furthermore, climate affect also the beech distrinution in the areas >300 m a.s.l., while climate + anthrome and antrhome alone were mainly focused on the lowland areas. Our results highlight the advantage of combining different approaches, such as charcoal analysis and spatial analyses, to explore biogeographic questions about the past and current distribution of F. sylvatica, with important implications for today's forest management and conservation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Paolo Buonincontri
- Department of History and Cultural Heritage, University of Siena, via Roma 47, Siena 53100, Italy; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Università 100, Napoli 80055, Italy
| | - Luciano Bosso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Università 100, Napoli 80055, Italy.
| | - Sonia Smeraldo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Università 100, Napoli 80055, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Università 100, Napoli 80055, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pasta
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Italian National Research Council, Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Di Pasquale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Università 100, Napoli 80055, Italy.
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Virginia Alves Martins M, Cazelli L, Yhasnara M, da CristineSilva L, Barros Saibro M, Bobco FER, Rubio B, Ferreira B, Castelo WFL, Santos JF, Ribeiro S, Frontalini F, Martínez-Colón M, Pereira E, Antonioli L, Geraldes M, Rocha F, Sousa SHME, Manuel Alveirinho Dias J. Factors driving sediment compositional change in the distal area of the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain): oceanographic processes vs. paleopollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:69652-69679. [PMID: 35576033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We analyze potential Late Holocene metal contamination along a sediment core collected in the distal zone of Ria de Vigo (North Spain). Statistical treatment of the dataset based on a multiproxy approach enabled us to identify and disentangle factors influencing the depositional processes and the preservation of the records of this activity in the area over the last ≈3000 years BP. Some layers of the analyzed core have significant enrichment in Cu and a moderate enrichment in Ag, Mo, As, Sb, S, Zn, Ni, Sn, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, and Li. The enrichment of these elements in some layers of this core may be related to mining activities that have taken place since classical times in the region. Successive phases of pollution were identified along the core KSGX24 related to the Late Bronze Age (≈3000-2450 years BP), Iron Age (≈2450-1850 years BP), Roman times (≈1850-1550 years BP), Middle Ages (≈1250-500 years BP), and industrial and modern (≈250-0 years BP) anthropic activities. The protection of the Cies Islands, the erosive and transport capacity of the rivers in the region, oscillations of the oceanographic and climatic regime, atmospheric contamination, and diagenetic sedimentary processes might have contributed to the accumulation and preservation of this record in the distal region of the Ria de Vigo. The studied core shows that the industrial and preindustrial anthropic impacts caused an environmental liability and contributed to the presence of moderate to heavy pollution of various metals in surface and subsurface sediment layers in the distal sector of the Ria de Vigo, which could be a hazard to biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Alves Martins
- Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil.
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Geociências, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Lucas Cazelli
- Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Missilene Yhasnara
- Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Layla da CristineSilva
- Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Murilo Barros Saibro
- Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Fabia Emanuela Rafaloski Bobco
- Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Geociências (Igeo) Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, Bloco G, Cidade. Universitária, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 274, Brazil
| | - Belen Rubio
- Departamento de Xeociencias Mariñas E Ordenación Do Territorio, Universidade de Vigo, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentais Campus de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Bruna Ferreira
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Geociências, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Wellen Fernanda Louzada Castelo
- Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - José Francisco Santos
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Geociências, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara Ribeiro
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Geociências, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fabrizio Frontalini
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Urbino "Carlo Bo", 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Michael Martínez-Colón
- School of the Environment, FSH Science Research Center, Florida A and M University, 1515 South MLK Blvd, Tallahassee, FLFL USA, 32307, USA
| | - Egberto Pereira
- Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Luzia Antonioli
- Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Mauro Geraldes
- Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 24, sala 2020A, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rocha
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Geociências, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - João Manuel Alveirinho Dias
- Centro de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIMA), Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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Guo C, Ma Y, Meng H. Late Holocene vegetation, climate, and lake changes in northern China: Varved evidence from western Loess Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2022; 827:154282. [PMID: 35245561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution archives deepen the understanding of past climate variability. We report new sedimentological and paleoecological data from Chaona Lake in northern China. The record represents the annually laminated (i.e., varved) archive from the western Loess Plateau spanning the Late Holocene, allowing insights into critical time intervals of decadal to centennial-scale climate instability. After developing a robust, continuously chronology supported by radioisotope dating and varve chronology, we used high-resolution palynological and sedimentological data to decipher the specific climate and ecosystem evolution over the last 2800 years. Our results show a general forest decline and climate deterioration intercalated with a series of oscillations during the Late Holocene, which may have profoundly influenced the eco-social development of northern China. In addition, lake development changes that mainly reflect the transformation from deep to shallow lake conditions generally match the regional vegetation, which is probably driven by climate-related processes. However, fluctuations in well or poor and the absence of varved sediment indicate variations in the water circulation in the lake catchment. Periods of predominantly well-varved sediments are considered to reflect reduced lake circulation and more anoxic conditions, coinciding with warmer and more stable climate intervals, such as the Roman Warm Period and the Medieval Warm Period. Conversely, periods of poor or even non-varved preservation indicate strengthened lake circulation, which may be influenced by strong winds (e.g., 2800-2000 cal yr BP) and cold/drought conditions (e.g., the Little Ice Age). Integration of our data with those of published climatic reconstructions in northern and eastern monsoon China suggests that this variability in climate can be explained by shifts in solar insolation and large-scale ocean-atmospheric coupling dynamics that affect the Loess Plateau (e.g., the East Asia Summer Monsoon and El Niño-Southern Oscillation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Yuzhen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hongwei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Process and Environmental Change of Yunnan Province, School of Tourism and Geographical Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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Li Y, Gao C, Liu H, Han D, Cong J, Li X, Wang G. Distribution of phosphorus forms in surface soils of typical peatlands in northern Great Khingan Mountains and its potential to reconstruct paleo-vegetations. J Environ Manage 2022; 302:114033. [PMID: 34763188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus was one of the nutrient limitations to vegetations in wetland ecosystem. In peatland, organic phosphorus is accumulated as vegetation residues in anaerobic conditions, affecting the contents of phosphorus pools for long time. It is unclear that different vegetations affect the contents of phosphorus and whether successions of vegetations could reflected by sedimentation of phosphorus forms. Phosphorus forms from six surface soils plots and four dominant vegetations in the north of the Great Khingan mountains were detected to investigate the differences of phosphorus forms of soil between different vegetations. Phosphorus forms and macrofossil were also detected in a 77-cm peat core (1-cm intervals) in TQ. A fingerprinting historical vegetations were reconstructed by phosphors forms to reflect successions of vegetations during 2200 cal yr BP in TQ area. The results showed that the main phosphorus forms in peatland were NaOH-Po and conc. HCl-Po. The percentages of inorganic phosphorus forms of trees were generally higher than other vegetations. Moss was more conducive for accumulation of organic phosphorus. NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi, conc. HCl-Po and Pi were selected into linear discrimination analysis. The vegetations reconstructed by phosphorus forms were strongly correlated with the pollen records of moss, herbs and shrubs, as well as with macrofossils in herbs. The fingerprinting of vegetations by phosphorus has potential geochemical reference to reflect the successions of vegetation in peatland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Hanxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Jinxin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
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Carvalho F, Schulte L. Reconstruction of mining activities in the Western Alps during the past 2500 years from natural archives. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:141208. [PMID: 32846252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The geochemical analysis of natural archives can improve our knowledge of past mining activities and their environmental imprint. The sedimentary records from the Hasli-Aare floodplain (Bernese Alps) over the last 2500 years were analysed for metals. Evidence of past mining contamination was obtained from the XRF analyses of iron, copper, zinc and lead. These results were analytically and statistically processed to produce a metal content index. Positive metal anomalies indicate four major pulses of contamination coinciding with the end of the Iron Age, from the end of the Roman Period to the Early Medieval Period, the Late Medieval Period, and the Modern Period. These pulses show good agreement with local historical sources of mining in the Hasli-Aare catchment, dating back to the beginning of the 15th century. Furthermore, they are in phase with anthropogenic pollution trends inferred from glacier ice cores, lake sediments and peat bogs across the Western Alps, most notably during the Roman, Late Medieval and Modern Periods. However, close comparison between these records can show some differences, suggesting local variations in mining activities and/or a lag in metal transfer. The reconstructed periods of anthropogenic metal pollution are located in their political, economic and social contexts and compared with the climate periods of central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Carvalho
- FluvAlps Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L Schulte
- FluvAlps Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Nakanishi R, Ashi J, Okamura S. A dataset for distribution and characteristics of Holocene pyroclastic fall deposits along the Pacific coasts in western Hokkaido, Japan. Data Brief 2020; 33:106565. [PMID: 33304962 PMCID: PMC7708791 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The tephra layers known with eruption ages play an important role in an investigation of tsunami history and archaeology in addition to volcanic history in Hokkaido, Japan. We investigated the event and tephra layers of the Late Holocene in the Pacific coast of western Hokkaido, where the stratigraphy of the Late Holocene has not been clarified. Surveys in coastal peatlands, mostly undisturbed deposits, have allowed for the discovery of thin tephra layers. The newly discovered tephra layers at the unexplored site were used to describe facies, observation under a polarization microscope, refractive index measurement of volcanic glasses, and chemical analysis, and correlated with the reported widespread tephras. We conducted wide-area field surveys and succeeded in revealing a wider distribution of tephra layers than previously known. The distribution of volcanic ash in the coastal area will contribute to the investigations of future volcanic and coastal hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakanishi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Juichiro Ashi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okamura
- Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo 002-8501, Japan.,Hokkaido Soil Research Co-operation, Sapporo 003-0831, Japan
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Ruiz-Fernández J, Oliva M, Otero XL, García-Hernández C. Morphometric and sedimentological characteristics of Late Holocene earth hummocks in the Zackenberg Valley (NE Greenland). Sci Total Environ 2020; 737:140281. [PMID: 32783859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A multi-approach characterization of three earth hummock fields has been conducted to understand the morphometrical characteristics and distribution pattern of these periglacial features in the Zackenberg Valley, NE Greenland. Earth hummocks develop in poorly-drained areas affected by intense cryogenic conditions. An accurate analysis of the morphometrical properties of hundreds of earth hummocks distributed between different Early Holocene moraine systems of the eastern slope of the Zackenberg Valley reveals an important control of microtopography on their distribution. Sedimentological analysis of selected earth hummocks shows evidence of alternating organic-rich layers and mineral units. Radiocarbon dates of the basal organic layers in contact with the permafrost table yielded ages 615 ± 25 and 1755 ± 60 cal yr BP, with lower sedimentation rates over the last centuries when soil formation prevailed. Geochemical analysis of the soils (Glacic Reductaquic Cryosols) showed also significant differences in the properties and composition among the soils of the different fields of hummocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Oliva
- Department of Geography, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xosé Luis Otero
- CRETUS Institute, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Badía-Villas D, Buendía-García L, Longares-Aladrén LA, Martí-Dalmau C, Peña-Monné JL, González-Pérez JA, Gómez-García D. Soil-geomorphology relationships determine the distribution of the main subalpine grasslands in the Central Pyrenees (NE-Spain). Sci Total Environ 2020; 734:139121. [PMID: 32464396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The two most widely extended mountain grasslands in Europe (Nardus-mat grasslands and chalk grasslands) are distributed forming complex patterns. In the Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park (Central Pyrenees, NE-Spain), they grow as secondary pastures within the treeline ecotone at the subalpine belt. This work aims to show the influence of soil properties on the spatial distribution of these pastures, under a dynamic geomorphology. Soils are sampled under both grasslands, which grow on different cumulative levels: Nardus-mat grasslands in the upper level (L1) and chalk grasslands in the lower level (L2). Soils in L1 have a significantly higher acidity, lower soluble ions and exchangeable calcium content than those in L2, reflecting a more intense leaching process, consistent with a longer period of slope stability. Qualitative differences are detected in the soil organic matter of the soil, using carbon and nitrogen isotopes, lighter in L2 soils than in L1 soils, due to a higher proportion of legumes growing in L2 (chalk grasslands). Soils in L1 and L2 shared many physical properties, such as a fine and homogeneous texture in the whole profile (silty clay or silty clay loam), and high aggregate stability and porosity in the topsoil. In contrast, the soils in L2 are shallower than in L1, which reduces their water-holding capacity. The soil is classified as Orthoeutric Cambisol (Clayic, Humic) in L1 but its rejuvenation, by gully erosion, transforms it into an Hypereutric Leptosol (Loamic, Ochric) in L2 (Typic Haplocryept and Lithic Haplocryept, respectively by Soil Taxonomy system). Definitely, the distribution of both grasslands for the studied area is linked to two cumulative levels of different ages, which in turn is strongy related to different soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Badía-Villas
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Technic School of Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Science, Universidad de Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
| | - Lucía Buendía-García
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Technic School of Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Science, Universidad de Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Luis Alberto Longares-Aladrén
- Department of Geography and Land Management, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Clara Martí-Dalmau
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Technic School of Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Science, Universidad de Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - José Luis Peña-Monné
- Department of Geography and Land Management, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
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Leiva-Dueñas C, Leavitt PR, Buchaca T, Cortizas AM, López-Merino L, Serrano O, Lavery PS, Schouten S, Mateo MA. Factors regulating primary producers' assemblages in Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile ecosystems over the past 1800 years. Sci Total Environ 2020; 718:137163. [PMID: 32088473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadows are highly productive coastal marine ecosystems that provide multiple ecosystem services. The seagrass is not always the major contributor to total primary production, however, little is known about long-term changes in the composition of primary producers within seagrass meadows. Understanding compositional shifts within the community of primary producers is crucial to evaluate how climate and anthropogenic change affect the functioning of seagrass ecosystems. Here we analysed marker pigment composition in seagrass cores from two bays of the Cabrera Island (Balearic Islands, Spain) to asses long-term changes in phototrophic community composition and production in seagrass meadows, and identify the environmental factors triggering those changes. The proxy dataset was explored using principal component analyses (PCA): one including the pigment dataset to look for associations between producers' groups, and another one combining the pigment dataset with plausible local and global regulatory factors to assess the environmental drivers of change. Analyses of characteristic pigments and morphological fossils (cysts) showed that the abundance of dinoflagellates increased over the last 150-300 years, coeval with a rise in solar irradiance and air temperature. When compared among embayments, pigments from cyanobacteria predominated in seagrass meadows located at Es Port, a sheltered bay receiving higher terrestrial runoff; whereas pigments from diatoms, seagrasses and rodophytes were more common at Santa Maria, an exposed bay with clearer waters. Water depth also played a role in controlling the phototrophic community composition, with greater abundance of diatoms in the shallowest waters (<5 m). Overall, our results suggested that historical and spatial variation in seagrass meadows' phototrophic community composition was influenced by the interaction between local factors (catchment-bay characteristics) and global climate processes (energy influx). Together these patterns forecast how marine primary producers and seagrass ecosystem structure may respond to future global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Leiva-Dueñas
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Spain.
| | - Peter R Leavitt
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, Regina, Canada; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Buchaca
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez Cortizas
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Spain; EcoPast (GI-1553), Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lourdes López-Merino
- EcoPast (GI-1553), Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oscar Serrano
- School of Natural Sciences and Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Paul S Lavery
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Spain; School of Natural Sciences and Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Stefan Schouten
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, the Netherlands; Department of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Miguel A Mateo
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Spain; School of Natural Sciences and Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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Ma Q, Zhu L, Wang J, Ju J, Wang Y, Lü X, Kasper T, Haberzettl T. Late Holocene vegetation responses to climate change and human impact on the central Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2020; 708:135370. [PMID: 31812427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding long-term environmental changes under natural and anthropic forces is helpful for facilitating sustainable development. Here we present a sedimentary record from the central Tibetan Plateau to investigate the impacts of climate and human activities on alpine vegetation during the late Holocene, based on a 162-cm-long lacustrine sediment core collected from Tangra Yumco. Palynology, charcoal and minerogenic input reveal variations of climate and human activity during the past 3400 cal yr BP. Our results show that alpine steppe dominated by Artemisia, Cyperaceae and Poaceae was present in the Tangra Yumco area during the entire covered period. Only minor human activities are visible between 3400 and 2300 as well as from 1700 to 400 cal yr BP, when vegetation was mainly influenced by climate. Although human activities (presence/grazing) became more intensive between 2300 and 1700 cal yr BP corresponding to the Zhang Zhung Kingdom, vegetation change is still mainly affected by a more arid climate. Strongest human influence on vegetation was found after 400 cal yr BP, when vegetation composition was altered by farming and grazing activities. Our records indicate human activities did not have significant impacts on alpine environment until the past few centuries at Tangra Yumco on the central Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Junbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianting Ju
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xinmiao Lü
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Thomas Kasper
- Physical Geography, Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Haberzettl
- Physical Geography, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Lourenço RA, Martins CC, Taniguchi S, Mahiques MM, Montone RC, Magalhães CA, Bícego MC. Distribution and evolution of sterols and aliphatic hydrocarbons in dated marine sediment cores from the Cabo Frio upwelling region, SW Atlantic, Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:19888-19901. [PMID: 28687996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the distribution of selected lipid biomarkers specifically sterols and aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediment cores from Cabo Frio, SW Atlantic continental shelf, Brazil, corresponding approximately to the last 700 years. In the Cabo Frio region, a costal upwelling occurs as a quasi-seasonal phenomenon characterized by nutrient-rich bottom waters that intrude on the continental shelf and promote relatively high biological productivity compared to other Brazilian continental shelf areas. The results for sterols indicate the predominance of organic matter (OM) inputs related to marine organisms, mainly plankton, in all of the cores along the time scale studied. Principal component analyses show three different groups of variables, which may be associated with (i) the more effective intrusion of the nutrient-rich South Atlantic Central Water, resulting in the increase of marine lipid biomarkers such as sterols and short-chain n-alkanes; (ii) the influence of the Coastal Water with higher surface water temperature and subsequently lower primary productivity; and (iii) OM characterized by high total organic carbon and long-chain n-alkanes related to an allochthonous source. Relatively high concentrations of sterols and n-alkanes between 1450 and 1700 AD, chronologically associated with the Little Ice Age, suggest a period associated with changes in the local input of specific sources of these compounds. The concentrations of lipid biomarkers vary over core depth, but this does not suggest a notably high or low intensity of upwelling processes. It is possible that the climatic and sea surface temperature changes reported in previous studies did not affect the input of the sedimentary lipid biomarkers analyzed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael André Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO/USP), Praça do Oceanográfico191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - César C Martins
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO/USP), Praça do Oceanográfico191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Sul, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO/USP), Praça do Oceanográfico191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Michel Michaelovitch Mahiques
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO/USP), Praça do Oceanográfico191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Carmela Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO/USP), Praça do Oceanográfico191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Caio Augusto Magalhães
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO/USP), Praça do Oceanográfico191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO/USP), Praça do Oceanográfico191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
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Abstract
It is now universally accepted that utilization of lead for domestic purposes and water distribution presents a major health hazard. The ancient Roman world was unaware of these risks. How far the gigantic network of lead pipes used in ancient Rome compromised public health in the city is unknown. Lead isotopes in sediments from the harbor of Imperial Rome register the presence of a strong anthropogenic component during the beginning of the Common Era and the Early Middle Ages. They demonstrate that the lead pipes of the water distribution system increased Pb contents in drinking water of the capital city by up to two orders of magnitude over the natural background. The Pb isotope record shows that the discontinuities in the pollution of the Tiber by lead are intimately entwined with the major issues affecting Late Antique Rome and its water distribution system.
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