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Nájera-Rivera HD, Rodríguez-Cortez AD, Anaya-Santillán MG, Díaz-Aparicio E, Ramos-Rodríguez AV, Siliceo-Cantero IJ, Vázquez-Franco NC, Nieto-Patlán E, Peñas ADL, Valdés-Vázquez LM, Cobos-Marín L. Multiplex assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against small ruminant lentivirus, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Brucella melitensis in goats. Vet World 2023; 16:704-710. [PMID: 37235146 PMCID: PMC10206977 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.704-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Brucellosis, paratuberculosis (PTb), and infections caused by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), formerly known as caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), adversely affect goat production systems. Nonetheless, commonly used diagnostic tests can only determine one analyte at a time, increasing disease surveillance costs, and limiting their routine use. This study aimed to design and validate a multiplex assay for antibody detection against these three diseases simultaneously. Materials and Methods Two recombinant proteins from the SRLV (p16 and gp38), the native hapten of Brucella melitensis, and the paratuberculosis-protoplasmic antigen 3 from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) were used to devise and assess a multiplex assay. Conditions for the Luminex® multiplex test were established and validated by sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and reproducibility parameters. Cut-off points for each antigen were also established. Results The 3-plex assay had high sensitivity (84%) and specificity (95%). The maximum coefficients of variation were 23.8% and 20.5% for negative and positive control samples, respectively. The p16 and gp38 SRLV antigens are 97% and 95%, similar to the CAEV sequence found in GenBank, respectively. Conclusion The multiplex test can be effectively used for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against SRLV, MAP and B. melitensis in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erik Nieto-Patlán
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary School, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Laura Cobos-Marín
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary School, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bost C, Fortenfant F, Blancher A, Pugnet G, Renaudineau Y. Combining multi-antigenic immunodot with indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells improves the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108774. [PMID: 34111525 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated, in nearly all patients, with autoantibodies (Ab). Accordingly, and in order to identify major (anti-CEN A/B and anti-Topo I) but also minor Abs, the usefulness of combining indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells with an 11 multi-antigenic SSc immunodot was explored. 1689 samples tested at the request of clinicians, were evaluated retrospectively. The positivity rate was 28.8% and the diagnosis of SSc was supported for 232 samples. Two groups of Abs were considered: group 1, Abs (anti-CENP A/B, anti-Topo I) present at elevated levels in SSc patients; group 2, Abs for which the Ab specificity (odds ratio and/or positive predictive value) was improved by using IIF on HEp-2 cells (RNA-Polymerase III, fibrillarin, Th/T0, PM-Scl). Altogether, this study highlights the utility of combining IIF on HEp-2 cells with the SSc immunodot as the first line of an SSc Abs detection/SSc diagnostic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bost
- Immunology laboratory, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse University Hospital Center, France; INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.
| | - Françoise Fortenfant
- Immunology laboratory, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse University Hospital Center, France.
| | - Antoine Blancher
- Immunology laboratory, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse University Hospital Center, France; INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.
| | - Grégory Pugnet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital Center, France; Clinical Investigation Center 1436, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Immunology laboratory, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse University Hospital Center, France; INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.
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Smith K, Kleynhans L, Snyders C, Bernitz N, Cooper D, van Helden P, Warren RM, Miller MA, Goosen WJ. Use of the MILLIPLEX ® bovine cytokine/chemokine multiplex assay to identify Mycobacterium bovis-infection biomarkers in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 231:110152. [PMID: 33227620 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a recognized Mycobacterium bovis maintenance host, the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) poses transmission risks to livestock, humans and other wildlife. Early detection of M. bovis infection is critical for limiting its spread. Currently, tests detecting cell-mediated immune responses are used for diagnosis in buffaloes. However, these may have suboptimal sensitivity or specificity, depending on the blood stimulation method. Recent evidence suggests that assays using combinations of host cytokine biomarkers may increase diagnostic performance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the application of a MILLIPLEX® bovine cytokine/chemokine multiplex assay to identify candidate biomarkers of M. bovis infection in buffaloes. Whole blood from twelve culture-confirmed M. bovis-infected buffaloes, stimulated with the QuantiFERON® TB Gold Plus in-tube system, was tested using the MILLIPLEX® platform. Results indicated binding of bovine antibodies to fifteen buffalo cytokine/chemokine targets. Moreover, there was a significant difference in concentrations between unstimulated and TB antigen-stimulated buffalo samples for seven cytokines/chemokines included in the kit. Although these preliminary results require further investigation in larger sample sets and a comparison between M. bovis-infected and uninfected cohorts, the utility of the MILLIPLEX® platform in a novel species was demonstrated, in addition to identifying potential African buffalo cytokines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Smith
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Léanie Kleynhans
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Candice Snyders
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Netanya Bernitz
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Cooper
- Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife, PO Box 25, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa
| | - Paul van Helden
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robin M Warren
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele A Miller
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wynand J Goosen
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Alleyn M, Closson K, Gentile A, Gulbis N, Taylor C, Rhyne P. Design and Evaluation of a Multiplexed Assay to Assess Human Immunogenicity Against Humira®. AAPS J 2020; 22:104. [PMID: 32748082 PMCID: PMC7399670 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of biologic-based therapeutics has revolutionized our ability to treat complex diseases such as cancer- and autoimmune-related disorders. Biologic-based therapeutics are known to generate anti-drug immune responses or immunogenicity in clinical patients which can lead to altered pharmacokinetics, decreased drug efficacy, and unwanted adverse clinical events. Assays designed to detect and assess anti-drug immune responses are used to help monitor patients and improve drug safety. Utilizing a tiered approach, screening assays are developed first to identify patients that are potentially positive for anti-drug-specific antibodies. Patients that screen positive are subjected to additional tiers of testing that include a confirmation assay to confirm the presence of expected anti-drug-specific antibodies, a titer assay to assess relative levels of anti-drug-specific antibodies, and, depending on the drug's mechanism of action or concerns of adverse clinical reactions, further characterization such as drug neutralization and anti-drug antibody isotyping. This tiered approach can prove to be detrimental to clinical samples from exposure to multiple cycles of testing, freeze thaws, and repeated handling by lab personnel. Multiplexing some of these assays together may streamline the characterization of anti-drug immune responses and help reduce the repeated usage of clinical samples. In this study, we combined a screening assay and anti-drug isotyping assays into one multiplexed assay using the Luminex® xMAP® Technology. The multiplexed assay was developed and validated to meet the FDA recommended guidelines for immunogenicity assessments. These results show that multiplexed assays perform comparably to industry standards. This study should encourage labs to explore the use of multiplexing immunogenicity assays to characterize anti-drug antibody responses quickly, with less repeat testing and reduced sample handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alleyn
- Immunologix Laboratories, 4710 Eisenhower Blvd, Building D, Tampa, Florida, 33634, USA
| | - Kristin Closson
- Immunologix Laboratories, 4710 Eisenhower Blvd, Building D, Tampa, Florida, 33634, USA
| | - Adam Gentile
- Immunologix Laboratories, 4710 Eisenhower Blvd, Building D, Tampa, Florida, 33634, USA
| | - Nathan Gulbis
- Immunologix Laboratories, 4710 Eisenhower Blvd, Building D, Tampa, Florida, 33634, USA
| | - Christopher Taylor
- Immunologix Laboratories, 4710 Eisenhower Blvd, Building D, Tampa, Florida, 33634, USA
| | - Paul Rhyne
- Immunologix Laboratories, 4710 Eisenhower Blvd, Building D, Tampa, Florida, 33634, USA. .,Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, One Kendall Square Building 600 Suite 6-301, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
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Verite J, Janet T, Julian A, Chassaing D, Page G, Paccalin M. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Alzheimer's Disease Patients Control CCL4 and CXCL10 Levels in a Human Blood Brain Barrier Model. Curr Alzheimer Res 2018; 14:1215-1228. [PMID: 28413983 DOI: 10.2174/1567205014666170417110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by a neuroinflammation triggering chemoattractant signals towards peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which in turn could reduce amyloid plaques after transmigration through the blood brain barrier (BBB). But the chemotactic environment remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To analyze five chemokines known to be involved in AD in three different cellular models to better understand the cellular and molecular interactions in the BBB. METHOD Chemokines (CCL-2, 4 and 5, CXCL10 and CX3CL1) were measured in isolated cells, a BBB model without PBMCs (H4 and hCMEC/D3 cells, a neuroglioma and human endothelial cells, respectively) and in a complete BBB model with PBMCs from AD patients at a moderate stage. In one set of experiments, H4 cells were treated with Aβ42. RESULTS CCL2 and CCL5 significantly increased in hCMEC/D3 and H4 cells in the complete BBB model. In turn, the rate of CCL2 increased in PBMCs whereas for CCL5, it decreased. CXCL10 increased in all cellular actors in the complete BBB model, compared to isolated cells. For CCL4, PBMCs induced a robust increase in H4 and hCMEC/D3. In turn, the level of CCL4 decreased in PBMCs. Furthermore, PBMCs triggered a significant increase in CX3CL1 in hCMEC/D3. Surprisingly, no effect of Aβ42 was observed in the complete BBB model. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the interest of a BBB model in order to explore chemokine production. For the first time, results showed that PBMCs from patients with AD can control the production of CCL4 and CXCL10 in a human BBB model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Verite
- Universite de Poitiers, Pole Biologie Sante, Batiment B36 Secteur β - Niveau 0, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, France
| | - Thierry Janet
- EA3808 molecular Targets and Therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Adrien Julian
- EA3808 molecular Targets and Therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Damien Chassaing
- EA3808 molecular Targets and Therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Guylene Page
- EA3808 molecular Targets and Therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Marc Paccalin
- EA3808 molecular Targets and Therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
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Magalon J, Bausset O, Veran J, Giraudo L, Serratrice N, Magalon G, Dignat-George F, Sabatier F. Physico-chemical factors influencing autologous conditioned serum purification. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:35-8. [PMID: 24570844 PMCID: PMC3929001 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2013.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is a recent biotherapy based on certain cytokines anti-inflammatory properties mainly used for the reduction of osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms. Here we investigated different physico-chemical factors influencing ACS purification and cytokine production. Human venous blood was incubated in the presence of different diameter beads (respectively 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 mm) or glass beads with different types of coating (polished or coated with CrSO4). Sera were recovered, and the concentrations of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory relevant cytokines were measured using Luminex® technology. Fresh whole blood incubated for 24 h highly increased production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 cytokines. At the same time, the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-1 receptor agonist (IL-1Ra), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were slightly induced. The highest cytokine concentrations were obtained with the exposure of whole blood to 3-mm glass beads and 3.5-mm polished beads. The minimum IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio obtained was 3.2±1.3 after 24-h incubation without any beads. ACS has been shown to alleviate clinical symptoms of OA in clinical studies. This descriptive study demonstrated that different pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are present in ACS since no selective anti-inflammatory cytokines were produced based on the different protocols. Furthermore, we showed that CrSO4-treated glass beads are not necessary and that the absence of beads combined with a 24-h incubation could also lead to an enriched serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Magalon
- Culture and Therapy Unit, CHU La Conception (AP-HM) , Marseilles, France
| | - Olivier Bausset
- Culture and Therapy Unit, CHU La Conception (AP-HM) , Marseilles, France
| | - Julie Veran
- Culture and Therapy Unit, CHU La Conception (AP-HM) , Marseilles, France
| | - Laurent Giraudo
- Culture and Therapy Unit, CHU La Conception (AP-HM) , Marseilles, France
| | - Nicolas Serratrice
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, CHU La Conception (AP-HM) , Marseilles, France
| | - Guy Magalon
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, CHU La Conception (AP-HM) , Marseilles, France
| | | | - Florence Sabatier
- Culture and Therapy Unit, CHU La Conception (AP-HM) , Marseilles, France . ; Department of Hematology, CHU La Conception (AP-HM) , Marseilles, France
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