1
|
Thornborrow T, Evans EH, Tovee MJ, Boothroyd LG. Sociocultural drivers of body image and eating disorder risk in rural Nicaraguan women. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:133. [PMID: 36068623 PMCID: PMC9450464 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Technological and economic globalisation has been suggested as a cause of increasing rates of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders globally, especially as regards the impact of mass media on internalised body ideals. This process is rarely observed in action, however. The current work investigates multiple aspects of body ideals, body image, sociocultural attitudes and eating attitudes in 62 Creole and Mestizo women living in communities at differing stages of technological development on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua METHOD/RESULTS: In Study 1, women used 3D avatar software to create their own 'ideal' body without the constraints of ready-made stimuli. Analyses of resulting avatars showed that components of the ideal body shape (upper and lower body curvaceousness) but not body size (body mass) were associated with levels of film and television consumption. In Study 2, women completed measures of variables in the sociocultural model of eating disorder risk. As expected, body dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between internalisation of sociocultural body ideals and pathological eating attitudes. In contrast, body appreciation reduced pathological eating attitudes, via reduced body dissatisfaction. Finally, Study 3 measured sociocultural influences, body image and eating attitudes at 2 or 3 timepoints per woman; body dissatisfaction covaried with pathological eating attitudes across time. Ethnicity varied in its effects across studies. DISCUSSION Together these data show that even at early stages of media acculturation, women may show similar patterns of association between sociocultural internalisation, body dissatisfaction and eating disorder risk as in high income nations. However, they also demonstrate unique aspects of this population's body shape ideals, and the independent protective effect of body appreciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Thornborrow
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, Lincolnshire, UK.
| | - E H Evans
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - M J Tovee
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - L G Boothroyd
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nagar SD, Conley AB, Chande AT, Rishishwar L, Sharma S, Mariño-Ramírez L, Aguinaga-Romero G, González-Andrade F, Jordan IK. Genetic ancestry and ethnic identity in Ecuador. HGG Adv 2021; 2:100050. [PMID: 35047841 PMCID: PMC8756502 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the ancestral origins of four Ecuadorian ethnic groups-Afro-Ecuadorian, Mestizo, Montubio, and the Indigenous Tsáchila-in an effort to gain insight on the relationship between ancestry, culture, and the formation of ethnic identities in Latin America. The observed patterns of genetic ancestry are largely concordant with ethnic identities and historical records of conquest and colonization in Ecuador. Nevertheless, a number of exceptional findings highlight the complex relationship between genetic ancestry and ethnicity in Ecuador. Afro-Ecuadorians show far less African ancestry, and the highest levels of Native American ancestry, seen for any Afro-descendant population in the Americas. Mestizos in Ecuador show high levels of Native American ancestry, with substantially less European ancestry, despite the relatively low Indigenous population in the country. The recently recognized Montubio ethnic group is highly admixed, with substantial contributions from all three continental ancestries. The Tsáchila show two distinct ancestry subgroups, with most individuals showing almost exclusively Native American ancestry and a smaller group showing a Mestizo characteristic pattern. Considered together with historical data and sociological studies, our results indicate the extent to which ancestry and culture interact, often in unexpected ways, to shape ethnic identity in Ecuador.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashwat Deepali Nagar
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,PanAmerican Bioinformatics Institute, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Andrew B Conley
- PanAmerican Bioinformatics Institute, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.,IHRC-Georgia Tech Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Atlanta, GA, USA.,National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aroon T Chande
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,PanAmerican Bioinformatics Institute, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.,IHRC-Georgia Tech Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lavanya Rishishwar
- PanAmerican Bioinformatics Institute, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.,IHRC-Georgia Tech Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Atlanta, GA, USA.,National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shivam Sharma
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
- PanAmerican Bioinformatics Institute, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.,National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - I King Jordan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,PanAmerican Bioinformatics Institute, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.,IHRC-Georgia Tech Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Campos-Murguía A, Valdéz-Hernández P, Cordova-Gallardo J, Arteaga-Vázquez J, Contreras AG, Vilatobá M, Cruz-Martínez R, Martínez-Benítez B, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Marfil-Garza BA, Flores-García NC, Márquez-Guillén E, García-Juárez I. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in liver explants in a Mexican cohort. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101519. [PMID: 33636655 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a risk factor for liver disease. PASD-positive inclusions have been found unexpectedly in approximately 10% of liver explants in patients with no previous diagnosis of AATD, particularly, in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), supporting a synergistic mechanism of liver injury between AATD and environmental factors. We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of mestizo patients in which AATD was diagnosed before or after liver transplantation. METHODS Liver explants of patients with cryptogenic, alcoholic, and NAFLD/NASH cirrhosis undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) were included. Liver histopathology was assessed by two expert pathologists. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, PASD staining, and confirmatory AAT immunohistochemistry were performed. In explants with positive histopathology, genotyping for SERPINA1 was performed. RESULTS A total of 180 liver transplants were performed during the study period. Of these, 44 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis, NASH, and alcoholic cirrhosis were included. Of these patients, two liver explants (4.5%) had PASD-positive inclusions stain and confirmatory immunochemistry. During the period evaluated, another two patients with a diagnosis of AATD before the OLT were also included. The four patients had overweight or obesity, three had type 2 diabetes mellitus, and two developed liver steatosis after the OLT. CONCLUSION AATD was found to be an infrequent finding in patients with cryptogenic, NASH/NAFLD, and alcoholic cirrhosis in our population. However, it is important to consider this entity as it may represent an additional factor in the appearance and progression of liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Campos-Murguía
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Valdéz-Hernández
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacqueline Cordova-Gallardo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Arteaga-Vázquez
- Department of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alan G Contreras
- Department of Tranplant, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Vilatobá
- Department of Tranplant, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Cruz-Martínez
- Department of Tranplant, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Braulio Martínez-Benítez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Gamboa-Domínguez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Nayelli C Flores-García
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Márquez-Guillén
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio García-Juárez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Flores-Espinoza R, Paz-Cruz E, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Lopez-Carrera M, Cabrera-Andrade A, Gusmão L, Burgos G. Investigating genetic diversity in admixed populations from Ecuador. Am J Phys Anthropol 2021; 176:109-119. [PMID: 34169504 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES According to demographic history, Ecuador has experienced shifts in its Native American populations caused by European colonization and the African slave trade. The continuous admixture events among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans occurred differently in each region of the country, producing a stratified population. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the level of genetic substructure in the Ecuadorian Mestizo population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 377 male and 209 female samples were genotyped for two sets of X-chromosomal markers (32 X-Indels and 12 X-STRs). Population analyses performed included Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests, LD analysis, PCA, pairwise FST s, and AMOVA. RESULTS Significant levels of LD were observed between markers separated by distances of less than 1 cM, as well as between markers separated by distances varying from 10.891 to 163.53 cM. Among Ecuadorian regions, Amazonia showed the highest average R2 value. DISCUSSION When X-chromosomal and autosomal differentiation values were compared, a sex-biased admixture between European men and Native American and African women was revealed, as well as between African men and Native American women. Moreover, a distinct Native American ancestry was discernible in the Amazonian population, in addition to sex-biased gene flow between Amazonia and the Andes and Pacific coast regions. Overall, these results underline the importance of integrating X chromosome information to achieve a more comprehensive view of the genetic and demographic histories of South American admixed populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Flores-Espinoza
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico por DNA (LDD), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratorios de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Laboratorio de ADN, Fiscalía General del Estado, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Alejandro Cabrera-Andrade
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.,Carrera de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Leonor Gusmão
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico por DNA (LDD), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - German Burgos
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.,Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baeta M, Prieto-Fernández E, Núñez C, Kleinbielen T, Villaescusa P, Palencia-Madrid L, Alvarez-Gila O, Martínez-Jarreta B, de Pancorbo MM. Study of 17 X-STRs in Native American and Mestizo populations of Central America for forensic and population purposes. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:1773-1776. [PMID: 33742257 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, an extensive analysis of the X-chromosomal pool of Native American and Mestizo groups of Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Panama) has been carried out. Allele and haplotype frequency databases, as well as other forensic parameters for these populations, are presented. The admixture analysis supports the tri-hybrid composition in terms of ancestry in the Mestizo populations, with a predominant Native American contribution (54-69%), followed by European (19-28%) and African contributions (12-19%). Pairwise FST genetic distances highlight the genetic proximity between the northernmost Central American populations, especially among admixed populations. The unique and complex nature of this area, where populations from different origins intercrossed, as well as the informativity of X-STR data, highpoint the great interest of this genetic study. Furthermore, the X-chromosome databases for Central American populations here provided will be not only useful for forensic and population purposes not only in the target countries but also in the host countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Baeta
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Endika Prieto-Fernández
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Carolina Núñez
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Tamara Kleinbielen
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Villaescusa
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Oscar Alvarez-Gila
- Department of Medieval, Early Modern and American History, Faculty of Letters, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rivera-Paredez B, Hidalgo-Bravo A, de la Cruz-Montoya A, Martínez-Aguilar MM, Ramírez-Salazar EG, Flores M, Quezada-Sánchez AD, Ramírez-Palacios P, Cid M, Martínez-Hernández A, Orozco L, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Association between vitamin D deficiency and common variants of Vitamin D binding protein gene among Mexican Mestizo and indigenous postmenopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:935-946. [PMID: 31907821 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and polymorphisms in the group-specific component (GC) gene are known to be associated in different populations. However, the effects of such genetic variants may vary across different populations. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the association between Vitamin D-Binding Protein (VDBP) haplotypes and VDD in mestizo postmenopausal women and Mexican Amerindian ethnic groups. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 726 postmenopausal Mexican women from the Health Workers Cohort Study (HWCS) and 166 postmenopausal women from the Metabolic Analysis in an Indigenous Sample (MAIS) cohort in Mexico. GC polymorphisms (rs7045 and rs4588) were analyzed by TaqMan probes. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immuno Assay. RESULTS The prevalence of VDD serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL was 43.7% in mestizo women and 44.6% in indigenous women. In HWCS, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7041 and rs4588 were associated with VDD. In addition, women from the HWCS, carrying the haplotypes GC2/2 and GC1f/2 had higher odds of VDD (OR = 2.83, 95% CI 1.14, 7.02; and OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.40, 3.78, respectively) compared to women with haplotype 1f/1 s. These associations were not statistically significant in the MAIS cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our results show genetic association of the analyzed SNPs and related haplotypes, on the GC gene, with VDD in mestizo Mexican postmenopausal women. Moreover, a high prevalence of VDD with high genetic variability within the country was observed. Our results support the need for national policies for preventing VDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Rivera-Paredez
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población Y Salud de La Facultad de Medicina de La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Hidalgo-Bravo
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A de la Cruz-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - M M Martínez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - E G Ramírez-Salazar
- CONACYT-Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - A D Quezada-Sánchez
- Centro de Información Para Decisiones en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - P Ramírez-Palacios
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica Y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Delegación Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - M Cid
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Martínez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - L Orozco
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Denova-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - J Salmerón
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población Y Salud de La Facultad de Medicina de La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baedke J, Nieves Delgado A. Race and nutrition in the New World: Colonial shadows in the age of epigenetics. Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci 2019; 76:101175. [PMID: 30885596 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses historical dimensions of epigenetic studies on human populations. We show that postgenomic research on health disparities in Latin America reintroduces old colonial views about the relations between race, environment, and social status. This especially refers to the idea - common in colonial humoralism and epigenetics - that different types of bodies are in balance and closely linked with particular local environments and lifestyles. These social differences become embodied as physiological and health differences. By comparing Spanish chronicles of the New World with recent epidemiological narratives on Mexican populations in social epigenetics (especially on obesity), we identify four characteristics that both share in distinguishing races, such as indigenous or mestizos from Spaniards or non-Mexicans: (i) Race is not intrinsic to bodies but emerges as a particular homeostatic body-environment relation; (ii) the stability of one's race is warranted through the stability of one's local environment and lifestyle, especially nutrition; (iii) every race faces specific life challenges in a local environment to maintain its health; and (iv) every race shows a unique social status that is closely linked to its biological status (e.g., disease susceptibility). Based on these similarities, we argue that currently in Latin America the field of epigenetics appears on the scene with a worrisome colonial shadow. It reintroduces long forgotten exclusionary and stereotypic perspectives on indigenous and mestizos, and biologizes as well as racializes social-cultural differences among human groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Baedke
- Department of Philosophy I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany; Centre for Anthropological Knowledge in Scientific and Technological Cultures (CAST), Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Abigail Nieves Delgado
- Department of Philosophy I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany; Centre for Anthropological Knowledge in Scientific and Technological Cultures (CAST), Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Weiskopf D, Grifoni A, Arlehamn CSL, Angelo M, Leary S, Sidney J, Frazier A, Mack SJ, Phillips E, Mallal S, Cerpas C, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Sette A. Sequence-based HLA-A, B, C, DP, DQ, and DR typing of 339 adults from Managua, Nicaragua. Hum Immunol 2017; 79:1-2. [PMID: 29122684 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
DNA sequence-based typing at the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DPB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 loci was performed on anonymized samples provided by 339 healthy adult blood bank donors in Managua, Nicaragua. The purpose of the study was to characterize allele frequencies in the local population to support studies of T cell immunity against pathogens, including Dengue virus. Deviations from Hardy Weinberg proportions were detected for all class II loci (HLA-DPB1, -DQA1, -DQB1 and -DRB1), and at the class I C locus, but not at the class I A and B loci. The genotype data will be available in the Allele Frequencies Net Database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Michael Angelo
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shay Leary
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - April Frazier
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Steven J Mack
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Simon Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Cristhiam Cerpas
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
López-Cortés A, Cabrera-Andrade A, Oña-Cisneros F, Echeverría C, Rosales F, Ortiz M, Tejera E, Paz-Y-Miño C. Breast Cancer Risk Associated with Genotype Polymorphisms of the Aurora Kinase a Gene (AURKA): a Case-Control Study in a High Altitude Ecuadorian Mestizo Population. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:457-65. [PMID: 28647900 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer related death among women in 2014. The AURKA gene that encodes the protein called Aurora kinase A plays an important role in the progression of the cell cycle, by controlling and promoting the entry into the phase of mitosis. The single nucleotide polymorphism AURKA T91A (rs2273535) (Phe21Ile) has been identified as functional alternator of this kinase, the Ile allele is associated with the occurrence of chromosome segregation errors and tumor progression. Therefore, it is essential to know how BC risk is associated with histopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical characteristics, and genotype polymorphism in a high altitude Ecuadorian mestizo population. In this retrospective case-control study 200 individuals were analyzed. DNA was extracted from 100 healthy and 100 affected women. Genotypes were determined by genomic sequencing. We found significant association between the AURKA T91A (rs2273535) (Phe21Ile) genotype and an increased risk of BC development: Phe/Ile (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-4.9; P = 0.004), Ile/Ile (OR = 3.8; 95% CI = 1.6-9.0; P = 0.002), and Phe/Ile + Ile/Ile (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.6-5.2; P = 0.001). Additionally, the rs2273535 variant was associated with the tumor grade SBR III (OR = 9.6; 95% CI = 1.0-91.9; P = 0.048) and the Ki-67 ≥ 20 (OR = 16.5; 95% CI = 2.7-101.3; P = 0.002). In brief, this study provides the first evidence where the Ile allele of the AURKA gene could act as potentially predictive biomarker of BC in the high altitude Ecuadorian mestizo population that lives at 2800 m above sea level (masl).
Collapse
|
10
|
Perez-Paramo YX, Hernandez-Cabrera F, Dorado P, Llerena A, Muñoz-Jimenez S, Ortiz-Lopez R, Rojas-Martinez A. Interethnic relationships of CYP2D6 variants in native and Mestizo populations sharing the same ecosystem. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:703-12. [PMID: 25941923 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the distribution of CYP2D6 variants in two ethnically-related Mexican Native and Mestizo populations cohabitating the same econiche and their relationships with a distant Mestizo community. MATERIALS & METHODS 314 volunteers were genotyped for CYP2D6 gene variants (*2, *3, *4, *6, *10, *13, *17, *35 and *41) using predesigned TaqMan probes. CYP2D6*5 and CYP2D6 wtxN were assessed by XL-PCR. RESULTS CYP2D6*1, *2, *4 and *10 variants represented above 80.9% of total alleles. Chiapanecan communities showed low allele diversity compared with the northeastern population. Principal component analyses demonstrated clustering of both Mestizo populations. Variants associated to ultrarapid and poor metabolism were rare in Natives. CONCLUSION Sharing of CYP2D6 alleles in both Chiapanecan populations suggests an ongoing gene-flow. Original submitted 8 December 2014; Revision submitted 13 February 2015.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yunis JJ, Yunis EJ. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups in 1526 unrelated individuals from 11 Departments of Colombia. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:329-35. [PMID: 24130438 PMCID: PMC3795164 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequencies of four mitochondrial Native American DNA haplogroups were determined in 1526 unrelated individuals from 11 Departments of Colombia and compared to the frequencies previously obtained for Amerindian and Afro-Colombian populations. Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups ranged from 74% to 97%. The lowest frequencies were found in Departments on the Caribbean coast and in the Pacific region, where the frequency of Afro-Colombians is higher, while the highest mtDNA Amerindian haplogroup frequencies were found in Departments that historically have a strong Amerindian heritage. Interestingly, all four mtDNA haplogroups were found in all Departments, in contrast to the complete absence of haplogroup D and high frequencies of haplogroup A in Amerindian populations in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Our results indicate that all four Native American mtDNA haplogroups were widely distributed in Colombia at the time of the Spanish conquest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Yunis
- Instituto de Genética, Servicios Médicos Yunis Turbay y Cia., Bogotá, DC, Colombia . ; Grupo de Identificación Humana e Inmunogenética, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina e Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|