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Dieguez HH, Romeo HE, Alaimo A, Bernal Aguirre NA, Calanni JS, Adán Aréan JS, Alvarez S, Sciurano R, Rosenstein RE, Dorfman D. Mitochondrial quality control in non-exudative age-related macular degeneration: From molecular mechanisms to structural and functional recovery. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 219:17-30. [PMID: 38579938 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (NE-AMD) is the leading blindness cause in the elderly. Clinical and experimental evidence supports that early alterations in macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) mitochondria play a key role in NE-AMD-induced damage. Mitochondrial dynamics (biogenesis, fusion, fission, and mitophagy), which is under the central control of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), in turn, determines mitochondrial quality. We have developed a NE-AMD model in C57BL/6J mice induced by unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx), which progressively reproduces the disease hallmarks circumscribed to the temporal region of the RPE/outer retina that exhibits several characteristics of the human macula. In this work we have studied RPE mitochondrial structure, dynamics, function, and AMPK role on these parameters' regulation at the nasal and temporal RPE from control eyes and at an early stage of experimental NE-AMD (i.e., 4 weeks post-SCGx). Although RPE mitochondrial mass was preserved, their function, which was higher at the temporal than at the nasal RPE in control eyes, was significantly decreased at 4 weeks post-SCGx at the same region. Mitochondria were bigger, more elongated, and with denser cristae at the temporal RPE from control eyes. Exclusively at the temporal RPE, SCGx severely affected mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, together with the levels of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK). AMPK activation with metformin restored RPE p-AMPK levels, and mitochondrial dynamics, structure, and function at 4 weeks post-SCGx, as well as visual function and RPE/outer retina structure at 10 weeks post-SCGx. These results demonstrate a key role of the temporal RPE mitochondrial homeostasis as an early target for NE-AMD-induced damage, and that pharmacological AMPK activation could preserve mitochondrial morphology, dynamics, and function, and, consequently, avoid the functional and structural damage induced by NE-AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán H Dieguez
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio E Romeo
- School of Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, BIOMED/UCA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Alaimo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Nanotools, Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences/IQUIBICEN, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nathaly A Bernal Aguirre
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan S Calanni
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan S Adán Aréan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry/IBIMOL, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry/IBIMOL, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberta Sciurano
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology, Embryology and Genetics, School of Medicine/INBIOMED, UBA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruth E Rosenstein
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences/IQUIBICEN, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián Dorfman
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Gong QY, Wang W, Cai L, Jing Y, Yang DX, Yuan F, Tian HL, Ding J, Chen H, Xu ZM. Transplantation of astrocyte-derived mitochondria into injured astrocytes has a protective effect following stretch injury. Mitochondrion 2024:101902. [PMID: 38768694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public-health problem. Astrocytes, and their mitochondria, are important factors in the pathogenesis of TBI-induced secondary injury. Mitochondria extracted from healthy tissues and then transplanted have shown promise in models of a variety of diseases. However, the effect on recipient astrocytes is unclear. Here, we isolated primary astrocytes from newborn C57BL/6 mice, one portion of which was used to isolate mitochondria, and another was subjected to stretch injury (SI) followed by transplantation of the isolated mitochondria. After incubation for 12 h, cell viability, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload, redox stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis were improved. Live-cell imaging showed that the transplanted mitochondria were incorporated into injured astrocytes and fused with their mitochondrial networks, which was in accordance with the changes in the expression levels of markers of mitochondrial dynamics. The astrocytic IKK/NF-κB pathway was decelerated whereas the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway was accelerated by transplantation. Together, these results indicate that exogenous mitochondria from untreated astrocytes can be incorporated into injured astrocytes and fuse with their mitochondrial networks, improving cell viability by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, redox stress, calcium overload, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yuan Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yao Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dian-Xu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Shang Y, Li Z, Cai P, Li W, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Xia S, Shao Q, Wang H. Megamitochondria plasticity: function transition from adaption to disease. Mitochondrion 2023:S1567-7249(23)00053-3. [PMID: 37276954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the cell's energy factory and metabolic hub, mitochondria are critical for ATP synthesis to maintain cellular function. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that continuously undergo fusion and fission to alter their size, shape, and position, with mitochondrial fusion and fission being interdependent to maintain the balance of mitochondrial morphological changes. However, in response to metabolic and functional damage, mitochondria can grow in size, resulting in a form of abnormal mitochondrial morphology known as megamitochondria. Megamitochondria are characterized by their considerably larger size, pale matrix, and marginal cristae structure and have been observed in various human diseases. In energy-intensive cells like hepatocytes or cardiomyocytes, the pathological process can lead to the growth of megamitochondria, which can further cause metabolic disorders, cell damage and aggravates the progression of the disease. Nonetheless, megamitochondria can also form in response to short-term environmental stimulation as a compensatory mechanism to support cell survival. However, extended stimulation can reverse the benefits of megamitochondria leading to adverse effects. In this review, we will focus on the findings of the different roles of megamitochondria, and their link to disease development to identify promising clinical therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Shang
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhanghui Li
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Peiyang Cai
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wuhao Li
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ye Xu
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yangjing Zhao
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Shang LC, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhu X, Wang S. MSCs Ameliorate Hepatic IR Injury by Modulating Phenotypic Transformation of Kupffer Cells Through Drp-1 Dependent Mitochondrial Dynamics. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10566-6. [PMID: 37243829 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury, characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and immune disorders, leads to exogenous antigen-independent local inflammation and hepatocellular death. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to be immunomodulatory, antioxidative and contribute to liver regeneration in fulminant hepatic failure. We aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which MSCs protect against liver IR injury in a mouse model. METHODS MSCs suspension was injected 30 min prior to hepatic warm IR. Primary kupffer cells (KCs) were isolated. Hepatic injury, inflammatory responses, innate immunity, KCs phenotypic polarization and mitochondrial dynamics were evaluated with or without KCs Drp-1 overexpression RESULTS: MSCs markedly ameliorated liver injury and attenuated inflammatory responses and innate immunity after liver IR injury. MSCs significantly restrained M1 phenotypic polarization but boosted M2 polarization of KCs extracted from ischemic liver, as demonstrated by lowered transcript levels of iNOS and IL-1β but raised transcript levels of Mrc-1 and Arg-1 combined with p-STAT6 up-regulation and p-STAT1 down-regulation. Moreover, MSCs inhibited KCs mitochondrial fission, as evidenced by decreased Drp1 and Dnm2 levels. We overexpressed Drp-1 in KCs which promote mitochondrial fission during IR injury. the regulation of MSCs towards KCs M1/M2 polarization was abrogated by Drp-1 overexpression after IR injury. Ultimately, in vivo Drp-1 overexpression in KCs hampered the therapeutic effects of MSCs against hepatic IR injury CONCLUSIONS: We revealed that MSCs facilitated M1-M2 phenotypic polarization through inhibiting Drp-1 dependent mitochondrial fission and further attenuated liver IR injury. These results add a new insight into regulating mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics during hepatic IR injury and may offer novel opportunities for developing therapeutic targets to combat hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Cheng Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinhua Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Castro-Sepulveda M, Fernández-Verdejo R, Zbinden-Foncea H, Rieusset J. Mitochondria-SR interaction and mitochondrial fusion/fission in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. Metabolism 2023; 144:155578. [PMID: 37164310 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) interaction and mitochondrial fusion/fission are critical processes that influence substrate oxidation. This narrative review summarizes the evidence on the effects of substrate availability on mitochondrial-SR interaction and mitochondria fusion/fission dynamics to modulate substrate oxidation in human skeletal muscle. Evidence shows that an increase in mitochondria-SR interaction and mitochondrial fusion are associated with elevated fatty acid oxidation. In contrast, a decrease in mitochondria-SR interaction and an increase in mitochondrial fission are associated with an elevated glycolytic activity. Based on the evidence reviewed, we postulate two hypotheses for the link between mitochondrial dynamics and insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle. First, glucose and fatty acid availability modifies mitochondria-SR interaction and mitochondrial fusion/fission to help the cell to adapt substrate oxidation appropriately. Individuals with an impaired response to these substrate challenges will accumulate lipid species and develop insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Second, a chronically elevated substrate availability (e.g. overfeeding) increases mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species and induced mitochondrial fission. This decreases fatty acid oxidation, thus leading to the accumulation of lipid species and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Altogether, we propose mitochondrial dynamics as a potential target for disturbances associated with low fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Salud Deportiva, Clinica Santa Maria, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- CarMeN Laboratory, UMR INSERM U1060/INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
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6
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Li L, Xiong Y, Cao W, Chen Z, He L, Tong M, Zhang L, Wu M. Epidermal growth factor receptor promotes high-fructose nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inducing mitochondrial fission in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 652:112-120. [PMID: 36842322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Mitochondrial dynamics is a foundational activity underlying the maintenance of mitochondrial function in bioenergetics, the maintenance of MtDNA, calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and quality control. Loss of mitochondrial plasticity in terms of functions, morphology and dynamics may also be the critical switch from NAFLD/NASH to HCC. However, the cause of mitochondrial fission in NAFLD remains unclear. Recent studies have reported that EGFR can bind to Mfn1 and interfere with its polymerization. In this study, we investigated whether EGFR binds to Mfn1 in NAFLD, and whether reducing their binding can improve NAFLD in zebrafish model. Our results demonstrated that EGFR was activated in hepatocytes from high fructose (HF)-induced NAFLD zebrafish and interfered with Mfn1 polymerization, leading to reduction of MtDNA. Suppression of EGFR activation or mitochondrial translocation significantly improved mitochondrial morphology and increased mitochondrial DNA, ultimately preventing hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, these results suggest that EGFR binding to Mfn1 plays an important role in NAFLD zebrafish model and that inhibition of their binding could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Yinyi Xiong
- Rehabilitation Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Wa Cao
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Zhiyin Chen
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Ling He
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Mingfu Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
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7
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Welz T, Kerkhoff E. The role of SPIRE actin nucleators in cellular transport processes. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:304890. [PMID: 36994763 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Looking back at two decades of research on SPIRE actin nucleator proteins, the first decade was clearly dominated by the discovery of SPIRE proteins as founding members of the novel WH2-domain-based actin nucleators, which initiate actin filament assembly through multiple WH2 actin-binding domains. Through complex formation with formins and class 5 myosins, SPIRE proteins coordinate actin filament assembly and myosin motor-dependent force generation. The discovery of SPIRE-regulated cytoplasmic actin filament meshworks in oocytes initiated the next phase of SPIRE research, which has found that SPIRE proteins are integrated in a diverse range of cell biological processes. In addition to regulating vesicle-based actin filament meshworks, SPIRE proteins function in the organisation of actin structures driving the inward movement of pronuclei of the mouse zygote. Localisation at cortical ring structures and the results of knockdown experiments indicate that SPIRE proteins function in the formation of meiotic cleavage sites in mammalian oocytes and the externalisation of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells. Alternative splicing targets mammalian SPIRE1 towards mitochondria, where it has a role in fission. In this Review, we summarise the past two decades of SPIRE research by addressing the biochemical and cell biological functions of SPIRE proteins in mammalian reproduction, skin pigmentation and wound healing, as well as in mitochondrial dynamics and host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Welz
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Zyśk M, Beretta C, Naia L, Dakhel A, Påvénius L, Brismar H, Lindskog M, Ankarcrona M, Erlandsson A. Amyloid-β accumulation in human astrocytes induces mitochondrial disruption and changed energy metabolism. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:43. [PMID: 36803838 PMCID: PMC9940442 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes play a central role in maintaining brain energy metabolism, but are also tightly connected to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous studies demonstrate that inflammatory astrocytes accumulate large amounts of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ). However, in which way these Aβ deposits influence their energy production remain unclear. METHODS The aim of the present study was to investigate how Aβ pathology in astrocytes affects their mitochondria functionality and overall energy metabolism. For this purpose, human induced pluripotent cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes were exposed to sonicated Aβ42 fibrils for 7 days and analyzed over time using different experimental approaches. RESULTS Our results show that to maintain stable energy production, the astrocytes initially increased their mitochondrial fusion, but eventually the Aβ-mediated stress led to abnormal mitochondrial swelling and excessive fission. Moreover, we detected increased levels of phosphorylated DRP-1 in the Aβ-exposed astrocytes, which co-localized with lipid droplets. Analysis of ATP levels, when blocking certain stages of the energy pathways, indicated a metabolic shift to peroxisomal-based fatty acid β-oxidation and glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data conclude that Aβ pathology profoundly affects human astrocytes and changes their entire energy metabolism, which could result in disturbed brain homeostasis and aggravated disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Zyśk
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chiara Beretta
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luana Naia
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdulkhalek Dakhel
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linnea Påvénius
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindskog
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Cell Biology, BMC, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Ankarcrona
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Erlandsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Irifune H. [Identification of GPAT1-dependent mitochondrial metabolism as a novel therapeutic target for AML]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2022; 63:353-362. [PMID: 35662157 DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.63.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that cancer-specific metabolism plays a crucial role in a variety of malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To identify a novel therapeutic target for AML, we conducted a metabolite screen on AML cells and normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and detected that the metabolism of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is reprogrammed in AML. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs), the first and rate-limiting enzymes in the lipid biosynthesis pathway, convert G3P into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Among various GPAT isozymes, GPAT1 was highly expressed in AML cells and silencing it inhibited the cell growth of AML. GPAT1 is located on the outer membrane of the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial fusion and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Silencing GPAT1 promoted mitochondrial fission and reduced OXPHOS. In AML, the GPAT1 inhibitor also suppressed cell proliferation and mitochondrial metabolism. However, this inhibitor had no effect on normal hematopoiesis in vivo. In conclusion, these findings indicate that targeting GPAT1 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AML, since it suppresses leukemia-specific metabolism without impairing normal HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Irifune
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences
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10
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Lee TW, Liu HW, Lin YF, Lee TI, Kao YH, Chen YJ. Histone deacetylase inhibition improves metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics: A potential novel therapeutic strategy for sarcopenia coexisting with diabetes mellitus. Med Hypotheses 2021; 158:110724. [PMID: 34753007 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-associated-fragility with loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, often coexists with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in older individuals. Derangement of muscle metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics is critical, particularly in high-energy-demand organs in patients with metabolic disorder. However, targeted therapies to halt or reverse the pathological progression of sarcopenia coexisting with T2D are unavailable. Studies have identified the pathological roles of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) in both T2D and sarcopenia. In addition to their proinflammatory properties, HDACs are known to modify muscle metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics in both the development of sarcopenia and pathogenesis of diabetes. Proper quality control of mitochondrial dynamics through protein degradation and the synthesis of new proteins may improve skeletal muscle function in sarcopenia. Class I HDAC inhibitors improve energy metabolism and modulate autophagy-related genes in skeletal muscle. However, class IIa HDAC4 plays a protective role in preserving skeletal muscle structure following long-term denervation, and selective inhibition of class IIa HDAC activity had no impact on oxidative metabolism of muscle mitochondria. These findings suggest the vital role of class I HDAC modulation in bioenergetics and mitochondria quality control, and may lead to a novel therapeutic strategy targeting sarcopenia that coexists with T2D. HDAC inhibitors have been approved for clinical applications, and interventions targeting on HDACs may be promising for the treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wen Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fan Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Ma X, Lu D, Liu Y, Le Y, Chen H, Li X, Wang C. Multiplexed quantitative evaluation on mitochondrial toxicity of tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate in hepatocyte. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 221:112425. [PMID: 34146984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The frequent detection of (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP) in environment has led to a consistent risk to organisms. However, little is known about the toxicity of TDBPP exclusive for its carcinogen. Mitochondrion that tightly relates to adverse outcomes once deteriorated is referred as a target of environmental pollutants. Here, we investigated the role of mitochondrial abnormality in development of cellular pathobiology especially lipid deposition when response to TDBPP in mitochondria-rich hepatocyte (AML12) at the same order of magnitude as the environmental concentrations (10-6 mol/L or below) via multiplexed quantitative high content analytic system. The present study claimed TDBPP shifted mitochondria from fusion morphology to fission phenotype charactering by less mitochondrial networks, larger mitochondrial areas and shorter branch length at 10-7 mol/L or above. This dynamic imbalance was triggered by high levels of fis and drp1 genes when treated with TDBPP. The deformation caused by TDBPP reciprocally influenced biogenesis through PGC1α and electron transport chains via ectopic expression of genes encoding for mitochondria complex I and III subunits. Accordingly, we observed high mitoROS level and low mitochondria membrane potential. Consequently, cells contained those abnormal mitochondria were predisposed to accumulating lipids after exposure to TDBPP. Here we showed that TDBPP deteriorated mitochondrial morphology and function, which may induce lipid generation. As for a banned while still emerged contaminant, our study also claimed further exploration on the non-carcinogenic toxicity of TDBPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Ma
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhao Lu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Le
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Chen
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cui Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Brandão SR, Reis-Mendes A, Domingues P, Duarte JA, Bastos ML, Carvalho F, Ferreira R, Costa VM. Exploring the aging effect of the anticancer drugs doxorubicin and mitoxantrone on cardiac mitochondrial proteome using a murine model. Toxicology 2021; 459:152852. [PMID: 34246718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current cancer therapies are successfully increasing the lifespan of cancer patients. Nevertheless, cardiotoxicity is a serious chemotherapy-induced adverse side effect. Doxorubicin (DOX) and mitoxantrone (MTX) are cardiotoxic anticancer agents, whose toxicological mechanisms are still to be identified. This study focused on DOX and MTX's cardiac mitochondrial damage and their molecular mechanisms. As a hypothesis, we also sought to compare the cardiac modulation caused by 9 mg/kg of DOX or 6 mg/kg of MTX in young adult mice (3 months old) with old control mice (aged control, 18-20 months old) to determine if DOX- and MTX-induced damage had common links with the aging process. Cardiac homogenates and enriched mitochondrial fractions were prepared from treated and control animals and analyzed by immunoblotting and enzymatic assays. Enriched mitochondrial fractions were also characterized by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Data obtained showed a decrease in mitochondrial density in young adults treated with DOX or MTX and aged control, as assessed by citrate synthase (CS) activity. Furthermore, aged control had increased expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC1α) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Regarding the enriched mitochondrial fractions, DOX and MTX led to downregulation of proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid metabolic process, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. MTX had a greater impact on malate dehydrogenase (MDH2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit α (PDHA1). No significant proteomic changes were observed in the enriched mitochondrial fractions of aged control when compared to young control. To conclude, DOX and MTX promoted changes in several mitochondrial-related proteins in young adult mice, but none resembling the aged phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Reis Brandão
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Reis-Mendes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Portugal; TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Maria Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Kaeffer J, Zeder-Lutz G, Simonin F, Lecat S. GPRASP/ARMCX Protein Family: Potential Involvement in Health and Diseases Revealed by their Novel Interacting Partners. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:227-254. [PMID: 33267763 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666201202102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
GPRASP (GPCR-associated sorting protein)/ARMCX (ARMadillo repeat-Containing proteins on the X chromosome) family is composed of 10 proteins, whose genes are located on a small locus of the X chromosome except one. They possess at least two armadillo-like repeats on their carboxylterminal homologous sequence, but they can be subdivided on specific sequence features. Subfamily 1 (GPRASP1, GPRASP2, GPRASP3, ARMCX4 and ARMCX5) displays additional repeated motifs while a mitochondrial targeting transmembrane domain is present in subfamily 2 (ARMC10, ARMCX1, ARMCX2, ARMCX3 and ARMCX6). Although their roles are not yet fully understood, the recent identification of several interacting partners has shed new light on the processes in which GPRASP/ARMCX proteins are implicated. Among the interacting partners of proteins from subfamily 1, many are GPCRs. GPRASP1 binds trafficking proteins, such as Beclin2 and the Dysbindin-HRS-Gαs complex, to participate in GPCR post-endocytic sorting. Moreover, in vitro as well as in vivo experiments indicate that GPRASP1 is a critical player in the adaptive responses related to chronic treatments with GPCR agonists. GPRASP2 seems to play a key role in the signaling of the hedgehog pathway in the primary cilium through a Smoothened-GPRASP2-Pifo complex. Identified small compound inhibitors of this complex could treat drug-resistant smoothened derived cancer forms. Deletion of GPRASP2 in mice causes neurodevelopmental alteration and affects mGluR5 regulation, reflected by autism-like behavior. Several members of subfamily 2, in complex with TRAK2 and MIRO, are involved in the trafficking of mitochondria in axons and in the regulation of their size and division, influencing the cell cycle. The essential role of GPRASP/ARMCX proteins in cellular physiology is supported by human cases of deletions, causing male neonatal lethality by pulmonary delayed development, dysmorphic face, and psychiatric and intellectual impacts in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Kaeffer
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 CNRS, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Gabrielle Zeder-Lutz
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 CNRS, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 CNRS, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Sandra Lecat
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 CNRS, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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14
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Charif M, Wong YC, Kim S, Guichet A, Vignal C, Zanlonghi X, Bensaid P, Procaccio V, Bonneau D, Amati-Bonneau P, Reynier P, Krainc D, Lenaers G. Dominant mutations in MIEF1 affect mitochondrial dynamics and cause a singular late onset optic neuropathy. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:12. [PMID: 33632269 PMCID: PMC7905578 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited optic neuropathies are the most common mitochondrial diseases, leading to neurodegeneration involving the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve degeneration and central visual loss. Importantly, properly regulated mitochondrial dynamics are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and are further regulated by MIEF1 (mitochondrial elongation factor 1) which encodes for MID51 (mitochondrial dynamics protein 51), an outer mitochondrial membrane protein that acts as an adaptor protein to regulate mitochondrial fission. However, dominant mutations in MIEF1 have not been previously linked to any human disease. Using targeted sequencing of genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics, we report the first heterozygous variants in MIEF1 linked to disease, which cause an unusual form of late-onset progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the initial loss of peripheral visual fields. Pathogenic MIEF1 variants linked to optic neuropathy do not disrupt MID51's localization to the outer mitochondrial membrane or its oligomerization, but rather, significantly disrupt mitochondrial network dynamics compared to wild-type MID51 in high spatial and temporal resolution confocal microscopy live imaging studies. Together, our study identifies dominant MIEF1 mutations as a cause for optic neuropathy and further highlights the important role of properly regulated mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majida Charif
- Université d’Angers, MitoLab team, UMR CNRS 6015 - INSERM U1083, Unité MitoVasc, Angers, France
- Genetics and Immuno-Cell Therapy Team, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Yvette C. Wong
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Agnès Guichet
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Vignal
- Neuroophthalmology Department, Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Zanlonghi
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares, Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes, France
| | | | - Vincent Procaccio
- Université d’Angers, MitoLab team, UMR CNRS 6015 - INSERM U1083, Unité MitoVasc, Angers, France
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Université d’Angers, MitoLab team, UMR CNRS 6015 - INSERM U1083, Unité MitoVasc, Angers, France
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- Université d’Angers, MitoLab team, UMR CNRS 6015 - INSERM U1083, Unité MitoVasc, Angers, France
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Université d’Angers, MitoLab team, UMR CNRS 6015 - INSERM U1083, Unité MitoVasc, Angers, France
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Université d’Angers, MitoLab team, UMR CNRS 6015 - INSERM U1083, Unité MitoVasc, Angers, France
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15
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Guo Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Fan L, Booz GW, Roman RJ, Chen Z, Fan F. Accelerated cerebral vascular injury in diabetes is associated with vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction. GeroScience 2020; 42:547-61. [PMID: 32166556 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to cerebral vascular aging. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well elucidated. The present study examined whether the myogenic response of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is impaired in diabetic rats due to high glucose (HG)-induced cerebral vascular smooth muscle cell (CVSMC) dysfunction, and whether this is associated with ATP depletion and changes in mitochondrial dynamics and membrane potential. The diameters of the MCA of diabetic rats increased to 135.3 ± 11.3% when perfusion pressure was increased from 40 to 180 mmHg, while it fell to 85.1 ± 3.1% in non-diabetic controls. The production of ROS and mitochondrial-derived superoxide were enhanced in cerebral arteries of diabetic rats. Levels of mitochondrial superoxide were significantly elevated in HG-treated primary CVSMCs, which was associated with decreased ATP production, mitochondrial respiration, and membrane potential. The expression of OPA1 was reduced, and MFF was elevated in HG-treated CVSMCs in association with fragmented mitochondria. Moreover, HG-treated CVSMCs displayed lower contractile and proliferation capabilities. These results demonstrate that imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics (increased fission and decreased fusion) and membrane depolarization contribute to ATP depletion in HG-treated CVSMCs, which promotes CVSMC dysfunction and may play an essential role in exacerbating the impaired myogenic response in the cerebral circulation in diabetes and accelerating vascular aging.
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16
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Lichvarova L, Henzi T, Safiulina D, Kaasik A, Schwaller B. Parvalbumin alters mitochondrial dynamics and affects cell morphology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4643-4666. [PMID: 30255402 PMCID: PMC6208788 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) and mitochondria play important roles in Ca2+ signaling, buffering and sequestration. Antagonistic regulation of PV and mitochondrial volume is observed in in vitro and in vivo model systems. Changes in mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial volume and dynamics (fusion, fission, mitophagy) resulting from modulation of PV were investigated in MDCK epithelial cells with stable overexpression/downregulation of PV. Increased PV levels resulted in smaller, roundish cells and shorter mitochondria, the latter phenomenon related to reduced fusion rates and decreased expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fusion. PV-overexpressing cells displayed increased mitophagy, a likely cause for the decreased mitochondrial volumes and the smaller overall cell size. Cells showed lower mobility in vitro, paralleled by reduced protrusions. Constitutive PV down-regulation in PV-overexpressing cells reverted mitochondrial morphology and fractional volume to the state present in control MDCK cells, resulting from increased mitochondrial movement and augmented fusion rates. PV-modulated, bi-directional and reversible mitochondrial dynamics are key to regulation of mitochondrial volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lichvarova
- Unit of Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Henzi
- Unit of Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dzhamilja Safiulina
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Allen Kaasik
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Beat Schwaller
- Unit of Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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17
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Cardenas-Perez RE, Fuentes-Mera L, de la Garza AL, Torre-Villalvazo I, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A, Corona-Castillo JC, Tovar AR, Zambrano E, Ortiz-Lopez R, Saville J, Fuller M, Camacho A. Maternal overnutrition by hypercaloric diets programs hypothalamic mitochondrial fusion and metabolic dysfunction in rat male offspring. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:38. [PMID: 29991958 PMCID: PMC5987395 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal overnutrition including pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation promotes a lipotoxic insult leading to metabolic dysfunction in offspring. Diet-induced obesity models (DIO) show that changes in hypothalamic mitochondria fusion and fission dynamics modulate metabolic dysfunction. Using three selective diet formula including a High fat diet (HFD), Cafeteria (CAF) and High Sugar Diet (HSD), we hypothesized that maternal diets exposure program leads to selective changes in hypothalamic mitochondria fusion and fission dynamics in male offspring leading to metabolic dysfunction which is exacerbated by a second exposure after weaning. Methods We exposed female Wistar rats to nutritional programming including Chow, HFD, CAF, or HSD for 9 weeks (pre-mating, mating, pregnancy and lactation) or to the same diets to offspring after weaning. We determined body weight, food intake and metabolic parameters in the offspring from 21 to 60 days old. Hypothalamus was dissected at 60 days old to determine mitochondria-ER interaction markers by mRNA expression and western blot and morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial-ER function was analyzed by confocal microscopy using hypothalamic cell line mHypoA-CLU192. Results Maternal programming by HFD and CAF leads to failure in glucose, leptin and insulin sensitivity and fat accumulation. Additionally, HFD and CAF programming promote mitochondrial fusion by increasing the expression of MFN2 and decreasing DRP1, respectively. Further, TEM analysis confirms that CAF exposure after programing leads to an increase in mitochondria fusion and enhanced mitochondrial-ER interaction, which partially correlates with metabolic dysfunction and fat accumulation in the HFD and CAF groups. Finally, we identified that lipotoxic palmitic acid stimulus in hypothalamic cells increases Ca2+ overload into mitochondria matrix leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions We concluded that maternal programming by HFD induces hypothalamic mitochondria fusion, metabolic dysfunction and fat accumulation in male offspring, which is exacerbated by HFD or CAF exposure after weaning, potentially due to mitochondria calcium overflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbi E Cardenas-Perez
- 1Departmento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.,2Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Lizeth Fuentes-Mera
- 1Departmento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura de la Garza
- 3Centro de Investigacion en Nutricion y Salud Publica, Facultad de Salud Publica y Nutricion, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- 4Departamento Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- 5Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, México City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- 6Departmento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- 6Departmento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Armando R Tovar
- 4Departamento Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- 5Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, México City, Mexico
| | - Rocio Ortiz-Lopez
- 8Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jennifer Saville
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alberto Camacho
- 1Departmento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.,2Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.,10Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Francisco I Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n. Colonia Mitras Centro, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
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18
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Del Dotto V, Fogazza M, Lenaers G, Rugolo M, Carelli V, Zanna C. OPA1: How much do we know to approach therapy? Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:199-210. [PMID: 29454676 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OPA1 is a GTPase that controls several functions, such as mitochondrial dynamics and energetics, mtDNA maintenance and cristae integrity. In the last years, there have been described other cellular pathways and mechanisms involving OPA1 directly or through its interaction. All this new information, by implementing our knowledge on OPA1 is instrumental to elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of OPA1 mutations. Indeed, these are associated with dominant optic atrophy (DOA), one of the most common inherited optic neuropathies, and with an increasing number of heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we overview all recent findings on OPA1 protein functions, on its dysfunction and related clinical phenotypes, focusing on the current therapeutic options and future perspectives to treat DOA and the other associated neurological disorders due to OPA1 mutations.
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19
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Yang XD, Shi Q, Sun J, Lv Y, Ma Y, Chen C, Xiao K, Zhou W, Dong XP. Aberrant Alterations of Mitochondrial Factors Drp1 and Opa1 in the Brains of Scrapie Experiment Rodents. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:368-378. [PMID: 27921253 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal mitochondrial dynamics has been reported in the brains of some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but limitedly described in prion disease. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drpl) and optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1) are two essential elements for mitochondria fission and fusion. To evaluate possible changes of mitochondria dynamics during prion infection, the situations of brain Drp1 and Opa1 of scrapie strains 139A, ME7, and S15 mice, as well as 263K-infected hamsters, were analyzed. Significant decreases of brain Drp1 were observed in scrapie-infected rodents at terminal stage by Western blots and immunohistochemical assays, while the levels of Opa1 also showed declined tendency in the brains of scrapie-infected rodents. Immunofluorescent assays illustrated well localization of Drp1 or Opa1 within NeuN-positive cells. Moreover, the S-nitrosylated forms of Drp1significantly increased in the brain tissues of 139A- and ME7-infected mice at terminal stage. Dynamic analysis of Drp1 and SNO-Dpr1 in the brains collected at different time points within the incubation period of 139A-infected mice demonstrated that the whole Drp1 decreased at all tested samples, whereas the SNO-Drp1 remarkably increased in the sample of 90-day post-infection (dpi), reached to the peak in that of 120 dpi and dropped down but still maintained at higher level at the end of disease. The levels of apoptotic factors cleaved caspase 9, caspase 3, and Bax were also markedly increased in the brain tissues of the mice infected with agents 139A and ME7. Our data indicate a disorder of mitochondria dynamics in the brains of prion infection, largely depending on the abnormal alteration of brain Drp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao -Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Jo DS, Shin DW, Park SJ, Bae JE, Kim JB, Park NY, Kim JS, Oh JS, Shin JW, Cho DH. Attenuation of Aβ toxicity by promotion of mitochondrial fusion in neuroblastoma cells by liquiritigenin. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1137-43. [PMID: 27515055 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics control mitochondrial morphology and function, and aberrations in these are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. To identify novel regulators of mitochondrial dynamics, we screened a phytochemical library and identified liquiritigenin as a potent inducer of mitochondrial fusion. Treatment with liquiritigenin induced an elongated mitochondrial morphology in SK-N-MC cells. In addition, liquiritigenin rescued mitochondrial fragmentation induced by knockout of mitochondrial fusion mediators such as Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1. Furthermore, we found that treatment with liquiritigenin notably inhibited mitochondrial fragmentation and cytotoxicity induced by Aβ in SK-N-MC cells.
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Park SJ, Lee H, Jo DS, Jo YK, Shin JH, Kim HB, Seo HM, Rubinsztein DC, Koh JY, Lee EK, Cho DH. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 post-transcriptionally regulates Drp1 expression in neuroblastoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1849:1423-31. [PMID: 26518267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial fission is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) possesses specific fission activity in the mitochondria and peroxisomes. Various post-translational modifications of Drp1 are known to modulate complex mitochondrial dynamics. However, the post-transcriptional regulation of Drp1 remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) regulates Drp1 expression at the post-transcriptional level. hnRNP A1 directly interacts with Drp1 mRNA at its 3′UTR region, and enhances translation potential without affecting mRNA stability. Down-regulation of hnRNP A1 induces mitochondrial elongation by reducing Drp1 expression. Moreover, depletion of hnRNP A1 suppresses 3-NP-mediated mitochondrial fission and dysfunction. In contrast, over-expression of hnRNP A1 promotes mitochondrial fragmentation by increasing Drp1 expression. Additionally, hnRNP A1 significantly exacerbates 3-NP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in neuroblastoma cells. Interestingly, treatment with 3-NP induces subcellular translocation of hnRNP A1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, which accelerates the increase in Drp1 expression in hnRNP A1 over-expressing cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that hnRNP A1 controls mitochondrial dynamics by post-transcriptional regulation of Drp1. hnRNP A1 increases Drp1 expression through the interaction with 3′UTR of Drp1 mRNA. Down-regulation of hnRNP A1 increases mitochondrial elongation by reducing drp1 expression. Down-regulation of hnRNPA1 inhibits 3-NP-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Over-expression of hnRNP A1 potentiates 3-NP-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Treatment of 3-NP promotes translocation of hnRNP A1 to the cytoplasm and enhances Drp1 expression.
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Esteves AR, Gozes I, Cardoso SM. The rescue of microtubule-dependent traffic recovers mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:7-21. [PMID: 24120997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to a deficient ATP supply to microtubule protein motors leading to mitochondrial axonal transport disruption. Compromised axonal transport will then lead to a disorganized distribution of mitochondria and other organelles in the cell, as well as, the accumulation of aggregated proteins like alpha-synuclein. Moreover, axonal transport disruption can trigger synaptic accumulation of autophagosomes packed with damaged mitochondria and protein aggregates promoting synaptic failure. We previously observed that neuronal-like cells with an inherent mitochondrial impairment derived from PD patients contain a disorganized microtubule network, as well as, alpha-synuclein oligomer accumulation. In this work we provide new evidence that an agent that promotes microtubule network assembly, NAP (davunetide), improves microtubule-dependent traffic, restores the autophagic flux and potentiates autophagosome-lysosome fusion leading to autophagic vacuole clearance in Parkinson's disease cells. Moreover, NAP is capable of efficiently reducing alpha-synuclein oligomer content and its sequestration by the mitochondria. Most interestingly, NAP decreases mitochondrial ubiquitination levels, as well as, increases mitochondrial membrane potential indicating a rescue in mitochondrial function. Overall, we demonstrate that by improving microtubule-mediated traffic, we can avoid mitochondrial-induced damage and thus recover cell homeostasis. These results prove that NAP may be a promising therapeutic lead candidate for neurodegenerative diseases that involve axonal transport failure and mitochondrial impairment as hallmarks, like Parkinson's disease and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Esteves
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Pelikan A, Sillibourne J, Miserey-Lenkei S, Carlier-Grynkorn F, Goud B, Tran PT. Studying mitochondria and microtubule localization and dynamics in standardized cell shapes. Methods Cell Biol 2013; 115:97-108. [PMID: 23973068 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407757-7.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Mammalian cells show a large diversity in shape and are both shape-changing and mobile when cultured on conventional uniform substrates. The use of micropatterning techniques limits the number of variable parameters, by imposing shape and standardized adhesive areas on the cells, which facilitates analysis. By changing size or shape of the micropattern, for example, forcing a polar axis on the cell, it is possible to study how these parameters impact organelle organization, distribution, and dynamics inside the cell. To study the mitochondrial network, which is composed of dynamic tubular organelles dependent on the microtubule cytoskeleton for its distribution, it is important to be able to distinguish between distinct mitochondria. Here, we present a practical method with which we spread the cells on large patterns created with deep UV technique, which not only makes the cells uniform in size and shape as well as immobile, and therefore easier to compare and analyze, but also expands the mitochondrial network and allows for an easier tracking of appropriately labeled individual mitochondria.
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