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Yang H, Zhang Y, Lyu S, Liu Y, Jian S, Deng S. MpNAC1, a transcription factor from the mangrove associate Millettia pinnata, confers salt and drought stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 211:108721. [PMID: 38739961 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Pongamia (Millettia pinnata Syn. Pongamia pinnata), a mangrove associate plant, exhibits good stress tolerance, making it a treasure of genetic resources for crop improvement. NAC proteins are plant-specific transcription factors, which have been elucidated to participate in the regulation and tolerance of abiotic stresses (such as salt and drought). Here, we identified a salt-induced gene from Pongamia, MpNAC1, which encodes an NAC factor sharing five highly conserved domains with other NACs and exhibits close homology to AtNAC19/AtNAC55/AtNAC72 in Arabidopsis. MpNAC1 showed nuclear localization and transcriptional activator activity. MpNAC1-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited significantly stronger salt and drought tolerance compared with wild-type plants. The expression levels of stress-responsive genes were activated in transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the heterologous expression of MpNAC1 also enhanced the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic rice. The major agronomic traits, such as plant height and tiller number, panicle length, grain size, and yield, were similar between the transgenic lines and wild type under normal field growth conditions. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that MpNAC1 significantly up-regulated stress-responsive genes and activated the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, resulting in increased stress tolerance. Taken together, the MpNAC1 increased salt and drought stress tolerance in transgenic plants and did not retard the plant growth and development under normal growth conditions, suggesting the potential of MpNAC1 in breeding stress-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shanwu Lyu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuguang Jian
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shulin Deng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Lu M, Fu B, Meng X, Jia T, Lu X, Yang C, Li K, Yin P, Guo Y, Li W, Chi J, Wang G, Zhou C. Transcription factors NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 form heterodimers to regulate jasmonic acid biosynthesis during leaf senescence in Nicotiana tabacum. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:2351-2371. [PMID: 38205848 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant senescence, as a highly integrated developmental stage, involves functional degeneration and nutrient redistribution. NAM/ATAF1/CUC (NAC) transcription factors orchestrate various senescence-related signals and mediate the fine-tuning underlying plant senescence. Previous data revealed that knockout of either NtNAC028 or NtNAC080 leads to delayed leaf senescence in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), which implies that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 play respective roles in the regulation of leaf senescence, although they share 91.87% identity with each other. However, the mechanism underlying NtNAC028- and NtNAC080-regulated leaf senescence remains obscure. Here, we determined that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 activate a putative jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic gene, NtLOX3, and enhance the JA level in vivo. We found that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 interact with each other and themselves through their NA-terminal region. Remarkably, only the dimerization between NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 stimulated the transcriptional activation activity, but not the DNA binding activity of this heterodimer on NtLOX3. Metabolome analysis indicated that overexpression of either NtNAC028 or NtNAC080 augments both biosynthesis and degradation of nicotine in the senescent stages. Thus, we conclude that NtNAC028 cooperates with NtNAC080 and forms a heterodimer to enhance NtLOX3 expression and JA biosynthesis to trigger the onset of leaf senescence and impact secondary metabolism in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Boyang Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Tiantian Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiaoyue Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Chaosha Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Ke Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Pengcheng Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Jina Chi
- Institute of Cotton Research, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Evans KV, Ransom E, Nayakoti S, Wilding B, Mohd Salleh F, Gržina I, Erber L, Tse C, Hill C, Polanski K, Holland A, Bukhat S, Herbert RJ, de Graaf BHJ, Denby K, Buchanan-Wollaston V, Rogers HJ. Expression of the Arabidopsis redox-related LEA protein, SAG21 is regulated by ERF, NAC and WRKY transcription factors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7756. [PMID: 38565965 PMCID: PMC10987515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
SAG21/LEA5 is an unusual late embryogenesis abundant protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, that is primarily mitochondrially located and may be important in regulating translation in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. SAG21 expression is regulated by a plethora of abiotic and biotic stresses and plant growth regulators indicating a complex regulatory network. To identify key transcription factors regulating SAG21 expression, yeast-1-hybrid screens were used to identify transcription factors that bind the 1685 bp upstream of the SAG21 translational start site. Thirty-three transcription factors from nine different families bound to the SAG21 promoter, including members of the ERF, WRKY and NAC families. Key binding sites for both NAC and WRKY transcription factors were tested through site directed mutagenesis indicating the presence of cryptic binding sites for both these transcription factor families. Co-expression in protoplasts confirmed the activation of SAG21 by WRKY63/ABO3, and SAG21 upregulation elicited by oligogalacturonide elicitors was partially dependent on WRKY63, indicating its role in SAG21 pathogen responses. SAG21 upregulation by ethylene was abolished in the erf1 mutant, while wound-induced SAG21 expression was abolished in anac71 mutants, indicating SAG21 expression can be regulated by several distinct transcription factors depending on the stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly V Evans
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Elspeth Ransom
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Swapna Nayakoti
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Ben Wilding
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Faezah Mohd Salleh
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
- Investigative and Forensic Sciences Research Group, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Irena Gržina
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Lieselotte Erber
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Carmen Tse
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Claire Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Alistair Holland
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Sherien Bukhat
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Robert J Herbert
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Barend H J de Graaf
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Katherine Denby
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Hilary J Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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Gapper NE. NACs strike again: NOR-like1 is responsible for cuticle development in tomato fruit. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:1791-1795. [PMID: 38534188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This article comments on:
Liu G-S, Huang H, Grierson D, Gao Y, Ji X, Peng Z-Z, Li H-L, Niu X-L, Jia W, He J-L, Xiang L-T, Gao H-Y, Qu G-Q, Zhu H-L, Zhu B-Z, Luo Y-B, Fu D-Q. 2024. NAC transcription factor SlNOR-like1 plays a dual regulatory role in tomato fruit cuticle formation. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 1903–1918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel E Gapper
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
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5
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Han K, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Li Y. NACs, generalist in plant life. Plant Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2433-2457. [PMID: 37623750 PMCID: PMC10651149 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific NAC proteins constitute a major transcription factor family that is well-known for its roles in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the functions of NAC proteins. NAC proteins have a highly conserved DNA-binding domain; however, their functions are diverse. Previous understanding of the structure of NAC transcription factors can be used as the basis for their functional diversity. NAC transcription factors consist of a target-binding domain at the N-terminus and a highly versatile C-terminal domain that interacts with other proteins. A growing body of research on NAC transcription factors helps us comprehend the intricate signalling network and transcriptional reprogramming facilitated by NAC-mediated complexes. However, most studies of NAC proteins have been limited to a single function. Here, we discuss the upstream regulators, regulatory components and targets of NAC in the context of their prospective roles in plant improvement strategies via biotechnology intervention, highlighting the importance of the NAC transcription factor family in plants and the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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6
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Kurowska M, Daszkowska-Golec A. Molecular mechanisms of SNAC1 (Stress-responsive NAC1) in conferring the abiotic stress tolerance. Plant Sci 2023; 337:111894. [PMID: 37813193 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
NAC family gene - SNAC1 (Stress-responsive NAC1) is responsive to drought, salt, cold stress, and ABA. It acts as a regulator in mediating tolerance to abiotic stress through different pathways. Abiotic stress, among them drought and salinity, are adverse factors for plant growth and crop productivity. SNAC1 was an object of high interest according to the effect of improved drought and salt tolerance when overexpressed in different plant species such as rice, wheat, barley, cotton, maize, banana, or oat. SNAC1 functions by regulating the expression of genes that contain the NAC Recognized Sequence (NACRS) within their promoter region. This gene is induced by drought, specifically in guard cells. Its downstream targets have been identified. The role of SNAC1 in molecular and physiological responses during abiotic stress has been proposed, but this knowledge still needs to be expanded. Here, we describe recent advances in understanding the action of SNAC1 in adapting plants to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Kurowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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Doll NM, Van Hautegem T, Schilling N, De Rycke R, De Winter F, Fendrych M, Nowack MK. Endosperm cell death promoted by NAC transcription factors facilitates embryo invasion in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3785-3795.e6. [PMID: 37633282 PMCID: PMC7615161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, two fertilization products develop within the limited space of the seed: the embryo and the surrounding nutritive endosperm. The final size of the endosperm is modulated by the degree of embryo growth. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the endosperm expands rapidly after fertilization, but later gets invaded by the embryo that occupies most of the seed volume at maturity, surrounded by a single remaining aleurone-like endosperm layer.1,2,3,4 Embryo invasion is facilitated by the endosperm-expressed bHLH-type transcription factor ZHOUPI, which promotes weakening of endosperm cell walls.5,6 Endosperm elimination in zou mutants is delayed, and embryo growth is severely affected; the endosperm finally collapses around the dwarf embryo, causing the shriveled appearance of mature zou seeds.5,6,7 However, whether ZHOUPI facilitates mechanical endosperm destruction by the invading embryo or whether an active programmed cell death (PCD) process causes endosperm elimination has been subject to debate.2,8 Here we show that developmental PCD controlled by multiple NAC transcription factors in the embryo-adjacent endosperm promotes gradual endosperm elimination. Misexpressing the NAC transcription factor KIRA1 in the entire endosperm caused total endosperm elimination, generating aleurone-less mature seeds. Conversely, dominant and recessive higher-order NAC mutants led to delayed endosperm elimination and impaired cell corpse clearance. Promoting PCD in the zhoupi mutant partially rescued its embryo growth defects, while the endosperm in a zhoupi nac higher-order mutant persisted until seed desiccation. These data suggest that a combination of cell wall weakening and PCD jointly facilitates embryo invasion by an active auto-elimination of endosperm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas M Doll
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGENT Center of Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tom Van Hautegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGENT Center of Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Neeltje Schilling
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGENT Center of Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, 14476 OT Golm, Germany
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Bioimaging Core, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya De Winter
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGENT Center of Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matyáš Fendrych
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGENT Center of Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGENT Center of Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Tang N, Wu P, Cao Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Lou J, Liu X, Hu Y, Sun X, Wang Q, Si S, Chen Z. A NAC transcription factor ZaNAC93 confers floral initiation, fruit development, and prickle formation in Zanthoxylum armatum. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107813. [PMID: 37290134 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum armatum is a dioecious prickly plant which developed apomictic reproduction. The increases in male flowers and prickle density in female plants lead to low yield and picking efficiency. However, little is known concerning the mechanisms of floral development and prickle formation. NAC is a well-known transcription factor that participates in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Herein, we characterize the functions and regulatory mechanisms of candidate NACs controlling both traits in Z. armatum. A total of 159 ZaNACs were identified, and 16 of these were male-biased, represented by the NAP subfamily members ZaNAC93 and ZaNAC34, orthologs of AtNAC025 and AtNARS1/NAC2 respectively. Overexpression of ZaNAC93 in tomato led to modifications in flower and fruit development, including earlier flowering, increased numbers of lateral shoots and flowers, accelerated plant senescence, and reduced size and weight of fruits and seeds. In addition, the trichome density in leaves and inflorescences was dramatically reduced in ZaNAC93-OX lines. Overexpression of ZaNAC93 resulted in the up-/downregulation of genes associated with GA, ABA and JA signaling pathways, such as GAI, PYL and JAZ, as well as several TFs, including bZIP2, AGL11, FBP24 and MYB52. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that ZaNAC93 protein could interact with AP1, GAI, bZIP2 and AGL11 in Z. armatum, which might contribute to floral induction, fruit growth, and trichome initiation. This work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of ZaNAC93 in reproductive development and prickle formation in Z. armatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Peiyin Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
| | - Zhengyan Cao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
| | - Yanni Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Georges University, Chongqing, 404100, China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
| | - Juan Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Xiaofan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Qiyao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Shuo Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Zexiong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
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9
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Lin H, Luan X, Chen C, Gong X, Li X, Li H, Wu Z, Liu Q, Xu M, Zhong Y. A systematic genome-wide analysis and screening of the NAC family genes related to wood formation in Cinnamomum camphora. Genomics 2023; 115:110631. [PMID: 37120099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Many processes, such as growth, aging, and adaptation to abiotic stress, are regulated in plants by NAC transcription factors. In woody plants, NAC transcription factors acts as a primary switch that regulates secondary xylem development by activating various downstream transcription factors and modulating expression levels of genes involved in the synthesis of the secondary cell wall. Our team had previously sequenced the whole genome of the camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora). Here, we performed a detailed analysis of the NAC gene family of C. camphora and examined its evolutionary history. The genomic sequences of 121 NAC genes of C. camphora were identified and classified into 20 subfamilies in 2 major classes based on the phylogenetic analysis and structural features. Expansion of the CcNAC gene family occurred mainly by fragment replication and was influenced by the purifying selection. By analyzing predicted interactions of the homologous AtNAC proteins, we identified five CcNACs that potentially regulate xylem development in C. camphora. RNA sequencing revealed distinct expression profiles of CcNACs in seven different plant tissues. Subcellular localization prediction revealed that 120, 3, and 2 CcNACs have biological functions in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and chloroplast, respectively. Furthermore, we verified expression patterns of five CcNACs (CcNAC012, CcNAC028, CcNAC055, CcNAC080, and CcNAC119) in various tissue types using qRT-PCR. Our results will facilitate further in-depth studies of the molecular mechanisms by which CcNAC transcription factors regulate wood formation and other processes in C. camphora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Lin
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Xiaoyue Luan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Caihui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Xue Gong
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Xiuqi Li
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Huihu Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Qiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yongda Zhong
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China.
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10
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Song S, Ma D, Xu C, Guo Z, Li J, Song L, Wei M, Zhang L, Zhong YH, Zhang YC, Liu JW, Chi B, Wang J, Tang H, Zhu X, Zheng HL. In silico analysis of NAC gene family in the mangrove plant Avicennia marina provides clues for adaptation to intertidal habitats. Plant Mol Biol 2023; 111:393-413. [PMID: 36645624 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) constitute a plant-specific gene family. It is reported that NAC TFs play important roles in plant growth and developmental processes and in response to biotic/abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, little information is known about the functional and evolutionary characteristics of NAC TFs in mangrove plants, a group of species adapting coastal intertidal habitats. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive investigation for NAC TFs in Avicennia marina, one pioneer species of mangrove plants. We totally identified 142 NAC TFs from the genome of A. marina. Combined with NAC proteins having been functionally characterized in other organisms, we built a phylogenetic tree to infer the function of NAC TFs in A. marina. Gene structure and motif sequence analyses suggest the sequence conservation and transcription regulatory regions-mediated functional diversity. Whole-genome duplication serves as the driver force to the evolution of NAC gene family. Moreover, two pairs of NAC genes were identified as positively selected genes of which AmNAC010/040 may be imposed on less constraint toward neofunctionalization. Quite a few stress/hormone-related responsive elements were found in promoter regions indicating potential response to various external factors. Transcriptome data revealed some NAC TFs were involved in pneumatophore and leaf salt gland development and response to salt, flooding and Cd stresses. Gene co-expression analysis found a few NAC TFs participates in the special biological processes concerned with adaptation to intertidal environment. In summary, this study provides detailed functional and evolutionary information about NAC gene family in mangrove plant A. marina and new perspective for adaptation to intertidal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Dongna Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zejun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Lingyu Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Mingyue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ludan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - You-Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jing-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Bingjie Chi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hanchen Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xueyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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11
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D'Incà E, Foresti C, Orduña L, Amato A, Vandelle E, Santiago A, Botton A, Cazzaniga S, Bertini E, Pezzotti M, Giovannoni J, Vrebalov J, Matus JT, Tornielli GB, Zenoni S. The transcription factor VviNAC60 regulates senescence- and ripening-related processes in grapevine. Plant Physiol 2023:kiad050. [PMID: 36718552 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most widely cultivated fruit crops because the winemaking industry has huge economic relevance worldwide. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms controlling the developmental progression of plant organs will prove essential for maintaining high-quality grapes, expressly in the context of climate change, which impairs the ripening process. Through a deep inspection of transcriptomic data, we identified VviNAC60, a member of the NAC transcription factor family, as a putative regulator of grapevine organ maturation. We explored VviNAC60 binding landscapes through DNA affinity purification followed by sequencing and compared bound genes with transcriptomics datasets from grapevine plants stably and transiently overexpressing VviNAC60 to define a set of high-confidence targets. Among these, we identified key molecular markers associated with organ senescence and fruit ripening. Physiological, metabolic, and promoter activation analyses showed that VviNAC60 induces chlorophyll degradation and anthocyanin accumulation through the up-regulation of STAY-GREEN PROTEIN 1 (VviSGR1) and VviMYBA1, respectively, with the latter being up-regulated through a VviNAC60-VviNAC03 regulatory complex. Despite sharing a closer phylogenetic relationship with senescence-related homologues to the NAC transcription factor AtNAP, VviNAC60 complemented the non-ripening(nor) mutant phenotype in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), suggesting a dual role as an orchestrator of both ripening- and senescence-related processes. Our data support VviNAC60 as a regulator of processes initiated in the grapevine vegetative- to mature-phase organ transition and therefore as a potential target for enhancing the environmental resilience of grapevine by fine-tuning the duration of the vegetative phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica D'Incà
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Foresti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luis Orduña
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, 46908, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elodie Vandelle
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Santiago
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, 46908, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandro Botton
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - James Giovannoni
- USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center and Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Julia Vrebalov
- USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center and Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, 46908, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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12
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Li Y, Han H, Fu M, Zhou X, Ye J, Xu F, Zhang W, Liao Y, Yang X. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of NAC family genes in Ginkgo biloba L. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:107-118. [PMID: 36377299 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF, CUC2) transcription factors constitute one of the largest families of plant-specific transcription factors with important roles in plant growth and development and in biotic and abiotic stresses. The physicochemical properties, gene structure, cis-acting elements and expression patterns of NAC transcription factors in Ginkgo biloba were analysed using bioinformatics, and expression of this gene family was analysed via quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The family of G. biloba NAC transcription factors had 50 members, distributed on 12 chromosomes and divided into 11 groups. Members in the same group share a similar gene structure and motif distribution. Transcriptome data analysis of G. biloba showed that 35 genes were expressed in eight tissues. Correlation analysis suggested that GbNAC007 and GNAC008 might be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Expression levels of 12 GbNACs under cold, het, and salt stresses were analysed. Results indicate that NAC transcription factors play an important role in response to abiotic stresses. This study provides a reference for the functional analysis of the G. biloba family of NAC transcription factors, as well as a resource for studies on the involvement of this family in responses to abiotic stresses and flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - H Han
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - M Fu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - X Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - J Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - F Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - W Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Y Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - X Yang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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13
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Wang GL, An YH, Zhou CL, Hu ZZ, Ren XQ, Xiong AS. Transcriptome-wide identification of NAC (no apical meristem/Arabidopsis transcription activation factor/cup-shaped cotyledon) transcription factors potentially involved in salt stress response in garlic. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14602. [PMID: 36570011 PMCID: PMC9774012 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity has been an increasing problem worldwide endangering crop production and human food security. It is an ideal strategy to excavate stress resistant genes and develop salt tolerant crops. NAC (no apical meristem/Arabidopsis transcription activation factor/cup-shaped cotyledon) transcription factors have been demonstrated to be involved in salt stress response. However, relevant studies have not been observed in garlic, an important vegetable consumed in the world. In this study, a total of 46 AsNAC genes encoding NAC proteins were identified in garlic plant by transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the examined AsNAC proteins were clustered into 14 subgroups. Motif discovery revealed that the conserved domain region was mainly composed of five conserved subdomains. Most of the genes selected could be induced by salt stress in different tissues, indicating a potential role in salt stress response. Further studies may focus on the molecular mechanisms of the AsNAC genes in salt stress response. The results of the current work provided valuable resources for researchers aimed at developing salt tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Long Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Ya-Hong An
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Cheng-Ling Zhou
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Zhen-Zhu Hu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Xu-Qin Ren
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Valoroso MC, Lucibelli F, Aceto S. Orchid NAC Transcription Factors: A Focused Analysis of CUPULIFORMIS Genes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122293. [PMID: 36553560 PMCID: PMC9777940 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant transcription factors are involved in different developmental pathways. NAC transcription factors (No Apical Meristem, Arabidopsis thaliana Activating Factor, Cup-shaped Cotyledon) act in various processes, e.g., plant organ formation, response to stress, and defense mechanisms. In Antirrhinum majus, the NAC transcription factor CUPULIFORMIS (CUP) plays a role in determining organ boundaries and lip formation, and the CUP homologs of Arabidopsis and Petunia are involved in flower organ formation. Orchidaceae is one of the most species-rich families of angiosperms, known for its extraordinary diversification of flower morphology. We conducted a transcriptome and genome-wide analysis of orchid NACs, focusing on the No Apical Meristem (NAM) subfamily and CUP genes. To check whether the CUP homologs could be involved in the perianth formation of orchids, we performed an expression analysis on the flower organs of the orchid Phalaenopsis aphrodite at different developmental stages. The expression patterns of the CUP genes of P. aphrodite suggest their possible role in flower development and symmetry establishment. In addition, as observed in other species, the orchid CUP1 and CUP2 genes seem to be regulated by the microRNA, miR164. Our results represent a preliminary study of NAC transcription factors in orchids to understand the role of these genes during orchid flower formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Valoroso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.V.); (S.A.)
| | - Francesca Lucibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Serena Aceto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.V.); (S.A.)
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15
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Bai S, Niu Q, Wu Y, Xu K, Miao M, Mei J. Genome-Wide Identification of the NAC Transcription Factors in Gossypium hirsutum and Analysis of Their Responses to Verticillium wilt. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2661. [PMID: 36235527 PMCID: PMC9571985 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The NAC transcription factors (NACs) are among the largest plant-specific gene regulators and play essential roles in the transcriptional regulation of both biotic and abiotic stress responses. Verticillium wilt of cotton caused by Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) is a destructive soil-borne disease that severely decreases cotton yield and quality. Although NACs constitute a large family in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.), there is little systematic investigation of the NACs’ responsive to V. dahliae that has been reported. To further explore the key NACs in response to V. dahliae resistance and obtain a better comprehension of the molecular basis of the V. dahliae stress response in cotton, a genome-wide survey was performed in this study. To investigate the roles of GhNACs under V. dahliae induction in upland cotton, mRNA libraries were constructed from mocked and infected roots of upland cotton cultivars with the V. dahliae-sensitive cultivar “Jimian 11” (J11) and V. dahliae-tolerant cultivar “Zhongzhimian 2” (Z2). A total of 271 GhNACs were identified. Genome analysis showed GhNACs phylogenetically classified into 12 subfamilies and distributed across 26 chromosomes and 20 scaffolds. A comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 54 GhNACs were differentially expressed under V. dahliae stress, suggesting a potential role of these GhNACs in disease response. Additionally, one NAC090 homolog, GhNAC204, could be a positive regulator of cotton resistance to V. dahliae infection. These results give insight into the GhNAC gene family, identify GhNACs’ responsiveness to V. dahliae infection, and provide potential molecular targets for future studies for improving V. dahliae resistance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Mei
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.M.)
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16
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Yang C, Huang Y, Lv P, Antwi-Boasiako A, Begum N, Zhao T, Zhao J. NAC Transcription Factor GmNAC12 Improved Drought Stress Tolerance in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912029. [PMID: 36233329 PMCID: PMC9570484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NAC transcription factors (TFs) could regulate drought stresses in plants; however, the function of NAC TFs in soybeans remains unclear. To unravel NAC TF function, we established that GmNAC12, a NAC TF from soybean (Glycine max), was involved in the manipulation of stress tolerance. The expression of GmNAC12 was significantly upregulated more than 10-fold under drought stress and more than threefold under abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene (ETH) treatment. In order to determine the function of GmNAC12 under drought stress conditions, we generated GmNAC12 overexpression and knockout lines. The present findings showed that under drought stress, the survival rate of GmNAC12 overexpression lines increased by more than 57% compared with wild-type plants, while the survival rate of GmNAC12 knockout lines decreased by at least 46%. Furthermore, a subcellular localisation analysis showed that the GmNAC12 protein is concentrated in the nucleus of the tobacco cell. In addition, we used a yeast two-hybrid assay to identify 185 proteins that interact with GmNAC12. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis showed that GmNAC12 interaction proteins are related to chitin, chlorophyll, ubiquitin–protein transferase, and peroxidase activity. Hence, we have inferred that GmNAC12, as a key gene, could positively regulate soybean tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Yang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanzhong Huang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Key Laboratory for Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Peiyun Lv
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Augustine Antwi-Boasiako
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi AK420, Ghana
| | - Naheeda Begum
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinming Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (J.Z.)
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17
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Figueroa N, Gómez R. Bolstered plant tolerance to low temperatures by overexpressing NAC transcription factors: identification of critical variables by meta-analysis. Planta 2022; 256:92. [PMID: 36181642 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The potential biotechnological application of NAC overexpression has been challenged by meta-analysis, establishing a correlation between the magnitudes of several physiological and biochemical parameters and the enhanced tolerance to cold. Overexpression of various NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) transcription factors in different plant systems was shown to confer enhanced tolerance to low temperatures by inducing both common and distinctive stress response pathways. However, lack of consensus on the type of parameters evaluated, their magnitudes, and direction of the responses complicates drawing general conclusions on the effects of NAC expression in plant physiology. We report herein a meta-analysis summarizing the most critical response variables used to study the effect of overexpressing NAC regulators on cold stress tolerance. We found that NAC overexpression affected all of the outcome parameters in stressed plants, and one response in control conditions. Transformed plants displayed an increase of at least 40% in positive responses, while negative outcomes were reduced by at least 30%. The most reported parameters included survival, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde contents, whereas the most sensitive to the treatments were the Fv/Fm parameter, survival, and the activity of catalases. We also explored how different experimental arrangements affected the magnitudes of the responses. NAC-mediated improvements were best observed after severe stress episodes and during brief treatments (ranging from 5 to 24 h), especially in terms of antioxidant activities, accumulation of free proline, and parameters related to membrane integrity. Use of heterologous expression also favored several indicators of plant fitness. Our findings should help both basic and applied research on the influence of NAC expression on enhanced tolerance to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Figueroa
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Rodrigo Gómez
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2123, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
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18
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Fraga OT, de Melo BP, Quadros IPS, Reis PAB, Fontes EPB. Senescence-Associated Glycine max ( Gm) NAC Genes: Integration of Natural and Stress-Induced Leaf Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8287. [PMID: 34361053 PMCID: PMC8348617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a genetically regulated developmental process that can be triggered by a variety of internal and external signals, including hormones and environmental stimuli. Among the senescence-associated genes controlling leaf senescence, the transcriptional factors (TFs) comprise a functional class that is highly active at the onset and during the progression of leaf senescence. The plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) TFs are essential for controlling leaf senescence. Several members of Arabidopsis AtNAC-SAGs are well characterized as players in elucidated regulatory networks. However, only a few soybean members of this class display well-known functions; knowledge about their regulatory circuits is still rudimentary. Here, we describe the expression profile of soybean GmNAC-SAGs upregulated by natural senescence and their functional correlation with putative AtNAC-SAGs orthologs. The mechanisms and the regulatory gene networks underlying GmNAC081- and GmNAC030-positive regulation in leaf senescence are discussed. Furthermore, new insights into the role of GmNAC065 as a negative senescence regulator are presented, demonstrating extraordinary functional conservation with the Arabidopsis counterpart. Finally, we describe a regulatory circuit which integrates a stress-induced cell death program with developmental leaf senescence via the NRP-NAC-VPE signaling module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Teixeira Fraga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil; (O.T.F.); (B.P.d.M.); (I.P.S.Q.); (P.A.B.R.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, INCTIPP–BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Paes de Melo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil; (O.T.F.); (B.P.d.M.); (I.P.S.Q.); (P.A.B.R.)
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília 70770.917, DF, Brazil
| | - Iana Pedro Silva Quadros
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil; (O.T.F.); (B.P.d.M.); (I.P.S.Q.); (P.A.B.R.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, INCTIPP–BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Braga Reis
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil; (O.T.F.); (B.P.d.M.); (I.P.S.Q.); (P.A.B.R.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, INCTIPP–BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Pacheco Batista Fontes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil; (O.T.F.); (B.P.d.M.); (I.P.S.Q.); (P.A.B.R.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, INCTIPP–BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J M Kelly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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20
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Cheng H, Feng X, Zuo D, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Lv L, Wu C, Li S, Dai Y, Qu D, He M, Liu S, Song G. Gene Expression Correlation Analysis Reveals MYC-NAC Regulatory Network in Cotton Pigment Gland Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5007. [PMID: 34066899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) family is involved in various development processes including Programmed Cell Death (PCD) associated development. However, the relationship between NAC family and PCD-associated cotton pigment gland development is largely unknown. In this study, we identified 150, 153 and 299 NAC genes in newly updated genome sequences of G. arboreum, G. raimondii and G. hirsutum, respectively. All NAC genes were divided into 8 groups by the phylogenetic analysis and most of them were conserved during cotton evolution. Using the vital regulator of gland formation GhMYC2-like as bait, expression correlation analysis screened out 6 NAC genes which were low-expressed in glandless cotton and high-expressed in glanded cotton. These 6 NAC genes acted downstream of GhMYC2-like and were induced by MeJA. Silencing CGF1(Cotton Gland Formation1), another MYC-coding gene, caused almost glandless phenotype and down-regulated expression of GhMYC2-like and the 6 NAC genes, indicating a MYC-NAC regulatory network in gland development. In addition, predicted regulatory mechanism showed that the 6 NAC genes were possibly regulated by light, various phytohormones and transcription factors as well as miRNAs. The interaction network and DNA binding sites of the 6 NAC transcription factors were also predicted. These results laid the foundation for further study of gland-related genes and gland development regulatory network.
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21
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Ma J, Yuan M, Sun B, Zhang D, Zhang J, Li C, Shao Y, Liu W, Jiang L. Evolutionary Divergence and Biased Expression of NAC Transcription Factors in Hexaploid Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10020382. [PMID: 33671285 PMCID: PMC7922369 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The NAC genes, a large plant-specific family of transcription factors, regulate a wide range of pathways involved in development and response to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, the NAC transcription factors were identified in 27 green plants, and the results showed that NAC transcription factors in plants undergo an appearance stage from water to land and a number expansion stage from gymnosperm to angiosperm. Investigating the evolutionary process of the NAC transcription factors from diploid species to hexaploid wheat revealed that tandem replications during the polyploidization process is an important event for increasing the number of NAC transcription factors in wheat. Then, the molecular characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns of 462 NAC transcription factors of hexaploid wheat (TaNACs) were analyzed. The protein structure results showed that TaNAC was relatively conservative at the N-terminal that contains five subdomains. All these TaNACs were divided into Group I and Group II by phylogenetic analysis, and the TaNACs in Group I should undergo strong artificial selection based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Through genome synteny and phylogenetic analysis, these TaNACs were classified into 88 groups and 9 clusters. The biased expression results of these TaNACs showed that there are 24 groups and 67 groups of neofunctionalization genes under biotic and abiotic stress, respectively, and 16 groups and 59 groups of subfunctionalization genes. This shows that neofunctionalization plays an important role in coping with different stresses. Our study provides new insights into the evolution of NAC transcription factors in hexaploid wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (M.Y.); (B.S.); (D.Z.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Meng Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (M.Y.); (B.S.); (D.Z.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (M.Y.); (B.S.); (D.Z.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Daijing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (M.Y.); (B.S.); (D.Z.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chunxi Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (M.Y.); (B.S.); (D.Z.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yun Shao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (M.Y.); (B.S.); (D.Z.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Lina Jiang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (M.Y.); (B.S.); (D.Z.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (L.J.)
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22
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Xu N, Meng L, Song L, Li X, Du S, Hu F, Lv Y, Song W. Identification and Characterization of Secondary Wall-Associated NAC Genes and Their Involvement in Hormonal Responses in Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:712254. [PMID: 34594349 PMCID: PMC8476963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Secondary wall-associated NAC (SWN) genes are a subgroup of NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factors (TF) that play a key role in regulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis in plants. However, this gene family has not been systematically characterized, and their potential roles in response to hormones are unknown in Nicotiana tabacum. In this study, a total of 40 SWN genes, of which 12 from Nicotiana tomentosiformis, 13 from Nicotiana sylvestris, and 15 from Nicotiana tabacum, were successfully identified. The 15 SWNs from Nicotiana tabacum were further classified into three groups, namely, vascular-related NAC domain genes (NtVNDs), NAC secondary wall thickening promoting factor genes (NtNSTs), and secondary wall-associated NAC domain genes (NtSNDs). The protein characteristic, gene structure, and chromosomal location of 15 NtSWNs (also named Nt1 to Nt15) were also analyzed. The NtVND and NtNST group genes had five conserved subdomains in their N-terminal regions and a motif (LP[Q/x] L[E/x] S[P/A]) in their diverged C- terminal regions. Some hormones, dark and low-temperature related cis-acting elements, were significantly enriched in the promoters of NtSWN genes. A comprehensive expression profile analysis revealed that Nt4 and Nt12 might play a role in vein development. Others might be important for stem development. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that in the NtNST group, genes such as Nt7, Nt8, and Nt13 were more sensitive than the genes in NtVND and NtSND groups under abiotic stress conditions. A transactivation assay further suggested that Nt7, Nt8, and Nt13 showed a significant transactivation activity. Overall, SWN genes were finally identified and characterized in diploid and tetraploid tobacco, revealing new insights into their evolution, variation, and homology relationships. Transcriptome, cis-acting element, qRT-PCR, and transactivation assay analysis indicated the roles in hormonal and stress responses, which provided further resources in molecular mechanism and genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shasha Du
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengqin Hu
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanda Lv
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanda Lv
| | - Wenjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Wenjing Song
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23
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Trishla VS, Kirti PB. Structure-function relationship of Gossypium hirsutum NAC transcription factor, GhNAC4 with regard to ABA and abiotic stress responses. Plant Sci 2021; 302:110718. [PMID: 33288024 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of GhNAC4, a NAC transcription factor from cotton, was induced by abiotic stresses and abscisic acid (ABA). In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying ABA and stress response of GhNAC4. Overexpression of GhNAC4 in transgenic tobacco conferred tolerance to salinity and drought treatments with associated enhanced expression of several stress-responsive marker genes. GhNAC4 is a protein that is translocated to the nucleus where it exhibits transcriptional activation property and also forms homo-dimers. In this study, we also investigated the domains essential for the biochemical functions of GhNAC4. We developed transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the GhNAC4 NAC-domain and the transcriptional regulatory (TR) domain separately. NAC-domain transgenics showed hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA while TR-domain transgenics exhibited reduced sensitivity. Abiotic stress assays indicated that transgenic plants expressing both the domains separately were more tolerant than wild type plants with the NAC-domain transgenics showing increased tolerance as compared to TR-domain transgenics. Expression analysis revealed that various stress-responsive genes were upregulated in both NAC-domain and TR-domain transgenics under salinity and drought treatments. These results suggest that the stress tolerance ability of GhNAC4 is associated with both the component domains while the ABA responsiveness is largely associated with N-terminal NAC-domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Shalibhadra Trishla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
| | - Pulugurtha Bharadwaja Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India; Agri Biotech Foundation, P.J.T.S.Agricultural University Campus, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, Telangana, India
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24
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Ferreira DO, Fraga OT, Pimenta MR, Caetano HDN, Machado JPB, Carpinetti PA, Brustolini OJB, Quadros IPS, Reis PAB, Fontes EPB. GmNAC81 Inversely Modulates Leaf Senescence and Drought Tolerance. Front Genet 2020; 11:601876. [PMID: 33329747 PMCID: PMC7732657 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.601876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine max NAC81 (GmNAC81) is a downstream effector of the DCD/NRP-mediated cell death signaling, which interacts with GmNAC30 to fully induce the caspase 1-like vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) expression, the executioner of the cell death program. GmNAC81 has been previously shown to positively modulate leaf senescence via the NRP/GmNAC81/VPE signaling module. Here, we examined the transcriptome induced by GmNAC81 overexpression and leaf senescence and showed that GmNAC81 further modulates leaf senescence by regulating an extensive repertoire of functionally characterized senescence-associated genes (SAGs). Because the NRP/GmNAC81/VPE signaling circuit also relays stress-induced cell death signals, we examined the effect of GmNAC81 overexpression in drought responses. Enhanced GmNAC81 expression in the transgenic lines increased sensitivity to water deprivation. Under progressive drought, the GmNAC81-overexpressing lines displayed severe leaf wilting, a larger and faster decline in leaf Ψw, relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, in addition to higher Ci/Ca and lower Fm/Fv ratios compared to the BR16 control line. Collectively, these results indicate that the photosynthetic activity and apparatus were more affected by drought in the transgenic lines. Consistent with hypersensitivity to drought, chlorophyll loss, and lipid peroxidation were higher in the GmNAC81-overexpressing lines than in BR16 under dehydration. In addition to inducing VPE expression, GmNAC81 overexpression uncovered the regulation of typical drought-responsive genes. In particular, key regulators and effectors of ABA signaling were suppressed by GmNAC81 overexpression. These results suggest that GmNAC81 may negatively control drought tolerance not only via VPE activation but also via suppression of ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton O Ferreira
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Otto T Fraga
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Maiana R Pimenta
- Núcleo de Graduação de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Nossa Senhora da Glória, Brazil
| | - Hanna D N Caetano
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Paola A Carpinetti
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Iana P S Quadros
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Pedro A B Reis
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth P B Fontes
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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25
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Xie L, Cai M, Li X, Zheng H, Xie Y, Cheng Z, Bai Y, Li J, Mu S, Gao J. Overexpression of PheNAC3 from moso bamboo promotes leaf senescence and enhances abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8716. [PMID: 32266114 PMCID: PMC7120055 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAC family is one of the largest transcription factor families unique to plants, which regulates the growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and maturation and senescence in plants. In this study, PheNAC3, a NAC gene, was isolated and characterized from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). PheNAC3 belong to the NAC1 subgroup and has a conserved NAC domain on the N-terminus, which with 88.74% similarity to ONAC011 protein. PheNAC3 localized in the nucleus and exhibited transactivation activity. PheNAC3 was upregulated during the process of senescence of leaves and detected shoots. PheNAC3 was also induced by ABA, MeJA, NaCl and darkness, but it had no remarkable response to PEG and SA treatments. Overexpression of PheNAC3 could cause precocious senescence in Arabidopsis. Transgenic Arabidopsis displayed faster seed germination, better seedling growth, and a higher survival rate than the wild-type under salt or drought stress conditions. Moreover, AtSAG12 associated with senescence and AtRD29A and AtRD29b related to ABA were upregulated by PheNAC3 overexpression, but AtCAB was inhibited. These findings show that PheNAC3 may participate in leaf senescence and play critical roles in the salt and drought stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China.,Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Huifang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yucong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohua Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
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26
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Wang Y, Cao S, Guan C, Kong X, Wang Y, Cui Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Zhang Y. Overexpressing the NAC transcription factor LpNAC13 from Lilium pumilum in tobacco negatively regulates the drought response and positively regulates the salt response. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 149:96-110. [PMID: 32058898 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
NACs are one of the largest transcription factor families in plants and are involved in the response to abiotic stress. A new stress-responsive NAC transcription factor gene, LpNAC13, was isolated from Lilium pumilum bulbs. The expression of LpNAC13 was induced by drought, salt, cold and ABA treatments. LpNAC13 overexpressing plants were generated to explore the function of LpNAC13 in response to drought and salt stress. Overexpression of LpNAC13 in tobacco displayed a reduced drought tolerance but exhibited an enhanced salt tolerance. The LpNAC13 overexpression plants had decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, content of proline and chlorophyll, increased MDA content under drought condition, the results in the LpNAC13 plants under salt condition were opposite to those under drought condition. The seed germination and root length assays of overexpression of LpNAC13 showed decreased sensitivity to ABA. Functional analyses demonstrate that LpNAC13 plays opposite roles in drought and salt stress tolerance, acting as a negative regulator of drought response but as a positive regulator of salt response in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shangjie Cao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chunjing Guan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xin Kong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Cui
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yunwei Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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27
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Wang G, Yuan Z, Zhang P, Liu Z, Wang T, Wei L. Genome-wide analysis of NAC transcription factor family in maize under drought stress and rewatering. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2020; 26:705-717. [PMID: 32255934 PMCID: PMC7113357 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific NAC transcription factor (TFs) plays crucial role in plant growth as well as in stress resistance. In the present study, 87 Zea mays NAC TFs were obtained from the transcriptome analysis using drought-resistant maize inbred line Y882 as experimental material under PEG stress and rewatering treatment. Comprehensive analyses were conducted including genes structure, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic tree and motif prediction, cis-elements and expression patterns. The results showed that the 87 ZmNAC genes distributed on 10 chromosomes and were categorized into 15 groups based on their conserved gene structure and motifs. Phylogenetic tree analysis was also constructed referencing to the counterparts of Arabidopsis and rice, and the stress-related cis-elements in the promoter region were also analyzed. 87 ZmNAC genes exhibited different expression levels at 3 treatment points, indicating different response to drought stress. This genome-wide analysis of 87 ZmNAC genes will provide basis for further gene function detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Wang
- Agricultural College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Agricultural College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- Agricultural College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan China
| | - Zhixue Liu
- Agricultural College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan China
| | - Tongchao Wang
- Agricultural College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan China
| | - Li Wei
- Agricultural College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan China
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28
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Soler M, Verdaguer R, Fernández-Piñán S, Company-Arumí D, Boher P, Góngora-Castillo E, Valls M, Anticó E, Molinas M, Serra O, Figueras M. Silencing against the conserved NAC domain of the potato StNAC103 reveals new NAC candidates to repress the suberin associated waxes in phellem. Plant Sci 2020; 291:110360. [PMID: 31928669 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Both suberin and its associated waxes contribute to the formation of apoplastic barriers that protect plants from the environment. Some transcription factors have emerged as regulators of the suberization process. The potato StNAC103 gene was reported as a repressor of suberin polyester and suberin-associated waxes deposition because its RNAi-mediated downregulation (StNAC103-RNAi) over-accumulated suberin and associated waxes in the tuber phellem concomitantly with the induction of representative biosynthetic genes. Here, to explore if other genes of the large NAC gene family participate to this repressive function, we extended the silencing to other NAC members by targeting the conserved NAC domain of StNAC103 (StNAC103-RNAi-c). Transcript profile of the StNAC103-RNAi-c phellem indicated that StNAC101 gene was an additional potential target. In comparison with StNAC103-RNAi, the silencing with StNAC103-RNAi-c construct resulted in a similar effect in suberin but yielded an increased load of associated waxes in tuber phellem, mainly alkanes and feruloyl esters. Globally, the chemical effects in both silenced lines are supported by the transcript accumulation profile of genes involved in the biosynthesis, transport and regulation of apoplastic lipids. In contrast, the genes of polyamine biosynthesis were downregulated. Altogether these results point out to StNAC101 as a candidate to repress the suberin-associated waxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marçal Soler
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roger Verdaguer
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sandra Fernández-Piñán
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dolors Company-Arumí
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pau Boher
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elsa Góngora-Castillo
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Marc Valls
- Genetics Department, Universitat de Barcelona and Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB). Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Anticó
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marisa Molinas
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Shen S, Zhang Q, Shi Y, Sun Z, Zhang Q, Hou S, Wu R, Jiang L, Zhao X, Guo Y. Genome-Wide Analysis of the NAC Domain Transcription Factor Gene Family in Theobroma cacao. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010035. [PMID: 31905649 PMCID: PMC7017368 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a plant-specific transcription factor, the NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) domain protein plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as stress resistance. Based on the genomic data of the cacao tree, this study identified 102 cacao NAC genes and named them according to their location within the genome. The phylogeny of the protein sequence of the cacao tree NAC family was analyzed using various bioinformatic methods, and then divided into 12 subfamilies. Then, the amino-acid composition, physicochemical properties, genomic location, gene structure, conserved domains, and promoter cis-acting elements were analyzed. This study provides information on the evolution of the TcNAC gene and its possible functions, laying the foundation for further research on the NAC family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Shen
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenmei Sun
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sijia Hou
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yunqian Guo
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
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Spadafora ND, Cocetta G, Ferrante A, Herbert RJ, Dimitrova S, Davoli D, Fernández M, Patterson V, Vozel T, Amarysti C, Rogers HJ, Müller CT. Short-Term Post-Harvest Stress that Affects Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds and Gene Expression in Rocket Salad During Early Post-Harvest Senescence. Plants (Basel) 2019; 9:plants9010004. [PMID: 31861410 PMCID: PMC7020156 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Once harvested, leaves undergo a process of senescence which shares some features with developmental senescence. These include changes in gene expression, metabolites, and loss of photosynthetic capacity. Of particular interest in fresh produce are changes in nutrient content and the aroma, which is dependent on the profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Leafy salads are subjected to multiple stresses during and shortly after harvest, including mechanical damage, storage or transport under different temperature regimes, and low light. These are thought to impact on later shelf life performance by altering the progress of post-harvest senescence. Short term stresses in the first 24 h after harvest were simulated in wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia). These included dark (ambient temperature), dark and wounding (ambient temperature), and storage at 4 °C in darkness. The effects of stresses were monitored immediately afterwards and after one week of storage at 10 °C. Expression changes in two NAC transcription factors (orthologues of ANAC059 and ANAC019), and a gene involved in isothiocyanate production (thiocyanate methyltransferase, TMT) were evident immediately after stress treatments with some expression changes persisting following storage. Vitamin C loss and microbial growth on leaves were also affected by stress treatments. VOC profiles were differentially affected by stress treatments and the storage period. Overall, short term post-harvest stresses affected multiple aspects of rocket leaf senescence during chilled storage even after a week. However, different stress combinations elicited different responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha D. Spadafora
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
- Markes International Ltd, Gwaun Elai Medi-Science Campus, Llantrisant RCT CF72 8XL, UK
| | - Giacomo Cocetta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Robert J. Herbert
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK;
| | - Simone Dimitrova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Daniela Davoli
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Marta Fernández
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Valentine Patterson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Tinkara Vozel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Canesia Amarysti
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Hilary J. Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0-2920876352
| | - Carsten T. Müller
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
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Trupkin SA, Astigueta FH, Baigorria AH, García MN, Delfosse VC, González SA, Pérez de la Torre MC, Moschen S, Lía VV, Fernández P, Heinz RA. Identification and expression analysis of NAC transcription factors potentially involved in leaf and petal senescence in Petunia hybrida. Plant Sci 2019; 287:110195. [PMID: 31481223 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Progression of leaf senescence depends on several families of transcription factors. In Arabidopsis, the NAC family plays crucial roles in the modulation of leaf senescence; however, the mechanisms involved in this NAC-mediated regulation have not been extensively explored in agronomic species. Petunia hybrida is an ornamental plant that is commonly found worldwide. Decreasing the rate of leaf and petal senescence in P. hybrida is essential for maintaining plant quality. In this study, we examined the NAC-mediated networks involved in regulating senescence in this species. From 41 NAC genes, the expression of which changed in Arabidopsis during leaf senescence, we identified 29 putative orthologs in P. hybrida. Analysis using quantitative real-time-PCR indicated that 24 genes in P. hybrida changed their transcript levels during natural leaf senescence. Leaf-expressed genes were subsequently assessed in petals undergoing natural and pollination-induced senescence. Expression data and phylogenetic analysis were used to generate a list of 10-15 candidate genes; 7 of these were considered key regulatory candidates in senescence because of their consistent upregulation in the three senescence processes examined. Altogether, we identified common and distinct patterns of gene expression at different stages of leaf and petal development and during progression of senescence. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the understanding of NAC-mediated regulatory networks in petunia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A Trupkin
- Instituto de Floricultura, Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco H Astigueta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amilcar H Baigorria
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín N García
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo - INTA-CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica C Delfosse
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio A González
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Cecilia Pérez de la Torre
- Instituto de Floricultura, Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Moschen
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica V Lía
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo - INTA-CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo - INTA-CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ruth A Heinz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo - INTA-CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Meisrimler C, Pelgrom AJE, Oud B, Out S, Van den Ackerveken G. Multiple downy mildew effectors target the stress-related NAC transcription factor LsNAC069 in lettuce. Plant J 2019; 99:1098-1115. [PMID: 31077456 PMCID: PMC9545932 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To cause disease in lettuce, the biotrophic oomycete Bremia lactucae secretes potential RxLR effector proteins. Here we report the discovery of an effector-target hub consisting of four B. lactucae effectors and one lettuce protein target by a yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) screening. Interaction of the lettuce tail-anchored NAC transcription factor, LsNAC069, with B. lactucae effectors does not require the N-terminal NAC domain but depends on the C-terminal region including the transmembrane domain. Furthermore, in Y2H experiments, B. lactucae effectors interact with Arabidopsis and potato tail-anchored NACs, suggesting that they are conserved effector targets. Transient expression of RxLR effector proteins BLR05 and BLR09 and their target LsNAC069 in planta revealed a predominant localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. Phytophthora capsici culture filtrate and polyethylene glycol treatment induced relocalization to the nucleus of a stabilized LsNAC069 protein, lacking the NAC-domain (LsNAC069ΔNAC ). Relocalization was significantly reduced in the presence of the Ser/Cys-protease inhibitor TPCK indicating proteolytic cleavage of LsNAC069 allows for relocalization. Co-expression of effectors with LsNAC069ΔNAC reduced its nuclear accumulation. Surprisingly, LsNAC069 silenced lettuce lines had decreased LsNAC069 transcript levels but did not show significantly altered susceptibility to B. lactucae. In contrast, LsNAC069 silencing increased resistance to Pseudomonas cichorii bacteria and reduced wilting effects under moderate drought stress, indicating a broad role of LsNAC069 in abiotic and biotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia‐Nicole Meisrimler
- Plant–Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
- University of CanterburyIlamPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8041New Zealand
| | - Alexandra J. E. Pelgrom
- Plant–Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Bart Oud
- Enza ZadenHaling 1‐EEnkhuizen1602 DBthe Netherlands
| | - Suzan Out
- Enza ZadenHaling 1‐EEnkhuizen1602 DBthe Netherlands
| | - Guido Van den Ackerveken
- Plant–Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
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Chakraborty R, Roy S. Evaluation of the diversity and phylogenetic implications of NAC transcription factor members of four reference species from the different embryophytic plant groups. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2019; 25:347-359. [PMID: 30956419 PMCID: PMC6419696 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest and important TF family that are involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. They are characterized by a highly conserved N-terminal domain and a variable C-terminal domain. In the present study, the amino acid sequences of NAC TFs from four embryophytic plant species viz. Arabidopsis thaliana (Angiosperm), Picea abies (Gymnosperm), Selaginella moellendorffii (Pteridophyte) and Physcomitrella patens (Bryophyte) as reference of the different plant groups were collected from the Plant Transcription Factor Database (PTFD) and the phylogenetic relationships were evaluated. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the majority of the NAC members were interspersed in the major subgroups that indicated the expansion of the NAC members predates the speciation events. Thirty one (31), five (05), one (1) and ten (10) paralog pairs were determined respectively for Arabidopsis, Picea, Selaginella and Physcomitrella. The structure-function relationship of paralog pairs were inferred from the phylogenetic tree of combined set of paralogous gene pairs by studying the prevalence of flanking regions and motif analysis of the NAC proteins. The motif analysis revealed the presence of an N-terminal conserved domain, a characteristic of the majority of NAC family proteins. Conserved motifs in the C-terminal region were absent in the majority of the protein sequences except few members in Arabidopsis and Physcomitrella. Also the time of gene duplication of the paralog pairs were calculated that revealed the duplication events occurred between 4.48 and 45.94 MYA Arabidopsis, 167.57-532.86 MYA in Picea, and 29.12-53.53 MYA in Physcomitrella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, A.P.C. Roy Govt. College, Matigara, Siliguri, WB 734010 India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Molecular and Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda, WB 732103 India
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Sánchez-Montesino R, Bouza-Morcillo L, Marquez J, Ghita M, Duran-Nebreda S, Gómez L, Holdsworth MJ, Bassel G, Oñate-Sánchez L. A Regulatory Module Controlling GA-Mediated Endosperm Cell Expansion Is Critical for Seed Germination in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant 2019; 12:71-85. [PMID: 30419294 PMCID: PMC7086157 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A key component of seed germination is the interplay of mechanical forces governing embryo growth and the surrounding restraining endosperm tissue. Endosperm cell separation is therefore thought to play a critical role in the control of this developmental transition. Here we demonstrate that in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, endosperm cell expansion is a key component of germination. Endosperm cells expand to accommodate embryo growth prior to germination. We show that this is an actively regulated process supported by spatiotemporal control of the cell expansion gene EXPANSIN 2 (EXPA2). The NAC transcription factors NAC25 and NAC1L were identified as upstream regulators of EXPA2 expression, gibberellin-mediated endosperm expansion, and seed germination. The DELLA protein RGL2 repressed activation of the EXPA2 promoter by NAC25/NAC1L. Taken together, our findings uncover a key role of the GA/DELLA-NAC25/NAC1L-EXPA2 network in regulating endosperm cell expansion to control the seed-to-seedling transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Sánchez-Montesino
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Laura Bouza-Morcillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Julietta Marquez
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Melania Ghita
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Luis Gómez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain; Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S.I. Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Campus de Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - George Bassel
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Luis Oñate-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain.
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Ahmad M, Yan X, Li J, Yang Q, Jamil W, Teng Y, Bai S. Genome wide identification and predicted functional analyses of NAC transcription factors in Asian pears. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:214. [PMID: 30285614 PMCID: PMC6169067 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAC proteins contribute to diverse plant developmental processes as well as tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses. The pear genome had been decoded and provided the basis for the genome-wide analysis to find the evolution, duplication, gene structures and predicted functions of PpNAC transcription factors. RESULTS A total of 185 PpNAC genes were found in pear, of which 148 were mapped on chromosomes while 37 were on unanchored scaffolds. Phylogeny split the NAC genes into 6 clades (Group1- Group6) with their sub clades (~ subgroup A to subgroup H) and each group displayed common motifs with no/minor change. The numbers of exons in each group varied from 1 to 12 with an average of 3 while 44 pairs from all groups showed their duplication events. qPCR and RNA-Seq data analyses in different pear cultivars/species revealed some predicted functions of PpNAC genes i.e. PpNACs 37, 61, 70 (2A), 53, 151(2D), 10, 92, 130 and 154 (3D) were potentially involved in bud endodormancy, PpNACs 61, 70 (2A), 172, 176 and 23 (4E) were associated with fruit pigmentations in blue light, PpNACs 127 (1E), 46 (1G) and 56 (5A) might be related to early, middle and late fruit developments respectively. Besides, all genes from subgroups 2D and 3D were found to be related with abiotic stress (cold, salt and drought) tolerances by targeting the stress responsive genes in pear. CONCLUSIONS The present genome-wide analysis provided valuable information for understanding the classification, motif and gene structure, evolution and predicted functions of NAC gene family in pear as well as in higher plants. NAC TFs play diverse and multifunctional roles in biotic and abiotic stresses, growth and development and fruit ripening and pigmentation through multiple pathways in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang, 310058 Hangzhou China
| | - Xinhui Yan
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang, 310058 Hangzhou China
| | - Jianzhao Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang, 310058 Hangzhou China
| | - Qinsong Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang, 310058 Hangzhou China
| | - Wajeeha Jamil
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang, 310058 Hangzhou China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang, 310058 Hangzhou China
| | - Songling Bai
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang, 310058 Hangzhou China
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Chung PJ, Jung H, Choi YD, Kim JK. Genome-wide analyses of direct target genes of four rice NAC-domain transcription factors involved in drought tolerance. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:40. [PMID: 29329517 PMCID: PMC5767043 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant stress responses and mechanisms determining tolerance are controlled by diverse sets of genes. Transcription factors (TFs) have been implicated in conferring drought tolerance under drought stress conditions, and the identification of their target genes can elucidate molecular regulatory networks that orchestrate tolerance mechanisms. RESULTS We generated transgenic rice plants overexpressing the 4 rice TFs, OsNAC5, 6, 9, and 10, under the control of the root-specific RCc3 promoter. We showed that they were tolerant to drought stress with reduced loss of grain yield under drought conditions compared with wild type plants. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this tolerance, we here performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-Seq and RNA-Seq analyses to identify the direct target genes of the OsNAC proteins using the RCc3:6MYC-OsNAC expressing roots. A total of 475 binding loci for the 4 OsNAC proteins were identified by cross-referencing their binding to promoter regions and the expression levels of the corresponding genes. The binding loci were distributed among the promoter regions of 391 target genes that were directly up-regulated by one of the OsNAC proteins in four RCc3:6MYC-OsNAC transgenic lines. Based on gene ontology (GO) analysis, the direct target genes were related to transmembrane/transporter activity, vesicle, plant hormones, carbohydrate metabolism, and TFs. The direct targets of each OsNAC range from 4.0-8.7% of the total number of up-regulated genes found in the RNA-Seq data sets. Thus, each OsNAC up-regulates a set of direct target genes that alter root system architecture in the RCc3:OsNAC plants to confer drought tolerance. Our results provide a valuable resource for functional dissection of the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Many of the target genes, including transmembrane/transporter, vesicle related, auxin/hormone related, carbohydrate metabolic processes, and transcription factor genes, that are up-regulated by OsNACs act as the cellular components which would alter the root architectures of RCc3:OsNACs for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea
| | - Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea.,Present address: NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea.
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Shim JS, Oh N, Chung PJ, Kim YS, Choi YD, Kim JK. Overexpression of OsNAC14 Improves Drought Tolerance in Rice. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:310. [PMID: 29593766 PMCID: PMC5855183 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved to have sophisticated adaptation mechanisms to cope with drought stress by reprograming transcriptional networks through drought responsive transcription factors. NAM, ATAF1-2, and CUC2 (NAC) transcription factors are known to be associated with various developmental processes and stress tolerance. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice drought responsive transcription factor OsNAC14. OsNAC14 was predominantly expressed at meiosis stage but is induced by drought, high salinity, ABA, and low temperature in leaves. Overexpression of OsNAC14 resulted in drought tolerance at the vegetative stage of growth. Field drought tests demonstrated that OsNAC14 overexpressing transgenic rice lines exhibited higher number of panicle and filling rate compared to non-transgenic plants under drought conditions. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that OsNAC14 overexpression elevated the expression of genes for stress response, DNA damage repair, defense related, and strigolactone biosynthesis. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed the direct interaction of OsNAC14 with the promoter of OsRAD51A1, a key component in homologous recombination in DNA repair system. Collectively, these results indicate that OsNAC14 mediates drought tolerance by recruiting factors involved in DNA damage repair and defense response resulting in improved tolerance to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Shim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Nuri Oh
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ju-Kon Kim
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Lin YJ, Chen H, Li Q, Li W, Wang JP, Shi R, Tunlaya-Anukit S, Shuai P, Wang Z, Ma H, Li H, Sun YH, Sederoff RR, Chiang VL. Reciprocal cross-regulation of VND and SND multigene TF families for wood formation in Populus trichocarpa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9722-9. [PMID: 29078399 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714422114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis is the biological process that generates wood, an important renewable feedstock for materials and energy. NAC domain transcription factors, particularly Vascular-Related NAC-Domain (VND) and Secondary Wall-Associated NAC Domain (SND) proteins, are known to regulate SCW differentiation. The regulation of VND and SND is important to maintain homeostasis for plants to avoid abnormal growth and development. We previously identified a splice variant, PtrSND1-A2IR , derived from PtrSND1-A2 as a dominant-negative regulator, which suppresses the transactivation of all PtrSND1 family members. PtrSND1-A2IR also suppresses the self-activation of the PtrSND1 family members except for its cognate transcription factor, PtrSND1-A2, suggesting the existence of an unknown factor needed to regulate PtrSND1-A2 Here, a splice variant, PtrVND6-C1IR , derived from PtrVND6-C1 was discovered that suppresses the protein functions of all PtrVND6 family members. PtrVND6-C1IR also suppresses the expression of all PtrSND1 members, including PtrSND1-A2, demonstrating that PtrVND6-C1IR is the previously unidentified regulator of PtrSND1-A2 We also found that PtrVND6-C1IR cannot suppress the expression of its cognate transcription factor, PtrVND6-C1PtrVND6-C1 is suppressed by PtrSND1-A2IR Both PtrVND6-C1IR and PtrSND1-A2IR cannot suppress their cognate transcription factors but can suppress all members of the other family. The results indicate that the splice variants from the PtrVND6 and PtrSND1 family may exert reciprocal cross-regulation for complete transcriptional regulation of these two families in wood formation. This reciprocal cross-regulation between families suggests a general mechanism among NAC domain proteins and likely other transcription factors, where intron-retained splice variants provide an additional level of regulation.
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Jin X, Ren J, Nevo E, Yin X, Sun D, Peng J. Divergent Evolutionary Patterns of NAC Transcription Factors Are Associated with Diversification and Gene Duplications in Angiosperm. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1156. [PMID: 28713414 PMCID: PMC5492850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) proteins constitute one of the biggest plant-specific transcription factor (TF) families and have crucial roles in diverse developmental programs during plant growth. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed both conserved and lineage-specific NAC subfamilies, among which various origins and distinct features were observed. It is reasonable to hypothesize that there should be divergent evolutionary patterns of NAC TFs both between dicots and monocots, and among NAC subfamilies. In this study, we compared the gene duplication and loss, evolutionary rate, and selective pattern among non-lineage specific NAC subfamilies, as well as those between dicots and monocots, through genome-wide analyses of sequence and functional data in six dicot and five grass lineages. The number of genes gained in the dicot lineages was much larger than that in the grass lineages, while fewer gene losses were observed in the grass than that in the dicots. We revealed (1) uneven constitution of Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) and contrasting birth/death rates among subfamilies, and (2) two distinct evolutionary scenarios of NAC TFs between dicots and grasses. Our results demonstrated that relaxed selection, resulting from concerted gene duplications, may have permitted substitutions responsible for functional divergence of NAC genes into new lineages. The underlying mechanism of distinct evolutionary fates of NAC TFs shed lights on how evolutionary divergence contributes to differences in establishing NAC gene subfamilies and thus impacts the distinct features between dicots and grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jin
- Department of Agronomy and the Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou UniversityDezhou, China
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Institute of Evolution, University of HaifaHaifa, Israel
| | - Xuegui Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang, China
| | - Dongfa Sun
- Department of Agronomy, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Junhua Peng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang, China
- Life Science & Technology Center, and the State Key Lab of Crop Breeding Technology Innovation and Integration, China National Seed Group Co., Ltd.Wuhan, China
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Ling L, Song L, Wang Y, Guo C. Genome-wide analysis and expression patterns of the NAC transcription factor family in Medicago truncatula. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2017; 23:343-356. [PMID: 28461723 PMCID: PMC5391354 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
NAC transcription factor (TF) family proteins are expressed in various developmental stages and following various stresses. NAC TFs are involved in mediating various physiological functions of plants and participate in various signaling pathways under biotic or abiotic stress. The present study provided a comprehensive functional analysis of members of the MtNAC TF family. Via screening of Medicago truncatula genome information, we identified 97 MtNAC TFs in M. truncatula and compared the phylogenetic analysis of 14 conserved groups with their Arabidopsis and rice counterparts. The NAC TFs were categorized into 14 groups based on their conserved motifs and gene structure. The predicted M. truncatula NAC genes were distributed among eight chromosomes, and in addition, we found that these genes showed mass gene duplication. Through expression profiling of RNA-seq data analysis, we determined that NAC family members were expressed significantly under different abiotic stresses. This indicates that the NAC TF shows different functions in M. truncatula. Together, this genome-wide analysis of the NAC gene family in M. truncatula, could be applied to improving stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ling
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin City, China
| | - Lili Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin City, China
| | - Youjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin City, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin City, China
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Saidi MN, Mergby D, Brini F. Identification and expression analysis of the NAC transcription factor family in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum). Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 112:117-128. [PMID: 28064119 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) proteins belong to one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor (TF) families and play important roles in plant development processes, response to biotic and abiotic cues and hormone signaling. Our analysis led to the identification of 168 NAC genes in durum wheat, including nine putative membrane-bound TFs and 48 homeologous genes pairs. Phylogenetic analyses of TtNACs along with their Arabidopsis, grape, barley and rice counterparts divided these proteins into 8 phylogenetic groups and allowed the identification of TtNAC-A7, TtNAC-B35, TtNAC-A68, TtNAC-B69 and TtNAC-A43 as homologs of OsNAC1, OsNAC8, OsNTL2, OsNTL5 and ANAC025/NTL14, respectively. In silico expression analysis, using RNA-seq data, revealed tissue-specific and stress responsive TtNAC genes. The expression of ten selected genes was analyzed under salt and drought stresses in two contrasting tolerance cultivars. This analysis is the first report of NAC gene family in durum wheat and will be useful for the identification and selection of candidate genes associated with stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Najib Saidi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PO Box 1177, Road Sidi Mansour 6 km, Sfax 3018, Tunisia.
| | - Dhawya Mergby
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PO Box 1177, Road Sidi Mansour 6 km, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PO Box 1177, Road Sidi Mansour 6 km, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
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42
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Li XD, Zhuang KY, Liu ZM, Yang DY, Ma NN, Meng QW. Overexpression of a novel NAC-type tomato transcription factor, SlNAM1, enhances the chilling stress tolerance of transgenic tobacco. J Plant Physiol 2016; 204:54-65. [PMID: 27518221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The NAC proteins are the largest transcription factors in plants. The functions of NACs are various and we focus on their roles in response to abiotic stress here. In our study, a typical NAC gene (SlNAM1) is isolated from tomato and its product is located in the nucleus. It also has a transcriptional activity region situated in C-terminal. The expression levels of SlNAM1 in tomato were induced by 4°C, PEG, NaCl, abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments. The function of SlNAM1 in response to chilling stress has been investigated. SlNAM1 overexpression in tobacco exhibited higher germination rates, minor wilting, and higher photosynthetic rates (Pn) under chilling stress. Meanwhile, overexpression of SlNAM1 improved the osmolytes contents and reduced the H2O2 and O2•- contents under low temperature, which contribute to alleviating the oxidative damage of cell membrane after chilling stress. Moreover, the transcripts of NtDREB1, NtP5CS, and NtERD10s were higher in transgenic tobacco, and those increased expressions may confer higher chilling tolerance of transgenic plants. These results indicated that overexpression of SlNAM1 could improve chilling stress tolerance of transgenic tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Kun-Yang Zhuang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Zhong-Ming Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Dong-Yue Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Na-Na Ma
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
| | - Qing-Wei Meng
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
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Lv Z, Wang S, Zhang F, Chen L, Hao X, Pan Q, Fu X, Li L, Sun X, Tang K. Overexpression of a Novel NAC Domain-Containing Transcription Factor Gene (AaNAC1) Enhances the Content of Artemisinin and Increases Tolerance to Drought and Botrytis cinerea in Artemisia annua. Plant Cell Physiol 2016; 57:1961-71. [PMID: 27388340 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) superfamily is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor families. NAC transcription factors always play important roles in response to various abiotic stresses. A NAC transcription factor gene AaNAC1 containing a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 864 bp was cloned from Artemisia annua. The expression of AaNAC1 could be induced by dehydration, cold, salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ), suggesting that it might be a key regulator of stress signaling pathways in A. annua. AaNAC1 was shown to be localized to the nuclei by transforming tobacco leaf epidermal cells. When AaNAC1 was overexpressed in A. annua, the content of artemisinin and dihydroartemisinic acid was increased by 79% and 150%, respectively. The expression levels of artemisinin biosynthetic pathway genes, i.e. amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS), artemisinic aldehyde Δ11(13) reductase (DBR2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), were increased. Dual luciferase (dual-LUC) assays showed that AaNAC1 could activate the transcription of ADS in vivo. The transgenic A. annua exhibited increased tolerance to drought and resistance to Botrytis cinerea. When AaNAC1 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis, the transgenic Arabidopsis were markedly more tolerant to drought. The transgenic Arabidopsis showed increased resistance to B. cinerea. These results indicate that AaNAC1 can potentially be used in transgenic breeding for improving the content of artemisinin and drought tolerance in A. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyou Lv
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lingxian Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qifang Pan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ling Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaofen Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Christiansen MW, Matthewman C, Podzimska-Sroka D, O'Shea C, Lindemose S, Møllegaard NE, Holme IB, Hebelstrup K, Skriver K, Gregersen PL. Barley plants over-expressing the NAC transcription factor gene HvNAC005 show stunting and delay in development combined with early senescence. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:5259-73. [PMID: 27436280 PMCID: PMC5014165 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific NAC transcription factors have attracted particular attention because of their involvement in stress responses, senescence, and nutrient remobilization. The HvNAC005 gene of barley encodes a protein belonging to subgroup NAC-a6 of the NAC family. This study shows that HvNAC005 is associated with developmental senescence. It was significantly up-regulated following ABA treatment, supported by ABA-responsive elements in its promoter, but it was not up-regulated during dark-induced senescence. The C-termini of proteins closely related to HvNAC005 showed overall high divergence but also contained conserved short motifs. A serine- and leucine-containing central motif was essential for transcriptional activity of the HvNAC005 C-terminus in yeast. Over-expression of HvNAC005 in barley resulted in a strong phenotype with delayed development combined with precocious senescence. The over-expressing plants showed up-regulation of genes involved with secondary metabolism, hormone metabolism, stress, signalling, development, and transport. Up-regulation of senescence markers and hormone metabolism and signalling genes supports a role of HvNAC005 in the cross field of different hormone and signalling pathways. Binding of HvNAC005 to promoter sequences of putative target genes containing the T[G/A]CGT core motif was shown by direct protein-DNA interactions of HvNAC005 with promoters for two of the up-regulated genes. In conclusion, HvNAC005 was shown to be a strong positive regulator of senescence and so is an obvious target for the fine-tuning of gene expression in future attempts to improve nutrient remobilization related to the senescence process in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Christiansen
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse DK-4200, Denmark
| | - Colette Matthewman
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse DK-4200, Denmark
| | - Dagmara Podzimska-Sroka
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse DK-4200, Denmark
| | - Charlotte O'Shea
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Søren Lindemose
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Niels Erik Møllegaard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicin, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Inger B Holme
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse DK-4200, Denmark
| | - Kim Hebelstrup
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse DK-4200, Denmark
| | - Karen Skriver
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Per L Gregersen
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse DK-4200, Denmark
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Reis PAB, Carpinetti PA, Freitas PP, Santos EG, Camargos LF, Oliveira IH, Silva JCF, Carvalho HH, Dal-Bianco M, Soares-Ramos JR, Fontes EPB. Functional and regulatory conservation of the soybean ER stress-induced DCD/NRP-mediated cell death signaling in plants. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:156. [PMID: 27405371 PMCID: PMC4943007 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental and cell death domain (DCD)-containing asparagine-rich proteins (NRPs) were first identified in soybean (Glycine max) as transducers of a cell death signal derived from prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, osmotic stress, drought or developmentally-programmed leaf senescence via the GmNAC81/GmNAC30/GmVPE signaling module. In spite of the relevance of the DCD/NRP-mediated signaling as a versatile adaptive response to multiple stresses, mechanistic knowledge of the pathway is lacking and the extent to which this pathway may operate in the plant kingdom has not been investigated. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that the DCD/NRP-mediated signaling also propagates a stress-induced cell death signal in other plant species with features of a programmed cell death (PCD) response. In silico analysis revealed that several plant genomes harbor conserved sequences of the pathway components, which share functional analogy with their soybean counterparts. We showed that GmNRPs, GmNAC81and VPE orthologs from Arabidopsis, designated as AtNRP-1, AtNRP-2, ANAC036 and gVPE, respectively, induced cell death when transiently expressed in N. benthamiana leaves. In addition, loss of AtNRP1 and AtNRP2 function attenuated ER stress-induced cell death in Arabidopsis, which was in marked contrast with the enhanced cell death phenotype displayed by overexpressing lines as compared to Col-0. Furthermore, atnrp-1 knockout mutants displayed enhanced sensitivity to PEG-induced osmotic stress, a phenotype that could be complemented with ectopic expression of either GmNRP-A or GmNRP-B. In addition, AtNRPs, ANAC036 and gVPE were induced by osmotic and ER stress to an extent that was modulated by the ER-resident molecular chaperone binding protein (BiP) similarly as in soybean. Finally, as putative downstream components of the NRP-mediated cell death signaling, the stress induction of AtNRP2, ANAC036 and gVPE was dependent on the AtNRP1 function. BiP overexpression also conferred tolerance to water stress in Arabidopsis, most likely due to modulation of the drought-induced NRP-mediated cell death response. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the NRP-mediated cell death signaling operates in the plant kingdom with conserved regulatory mechanisms and hence may be target for engineering stress tolerance and adaptation in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. B. Reis
- />Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- />National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Paola A. Carpinetti
- />Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- />National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Paula P.J. Freitas
- />National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Eulálio G.D. Santos
- />Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Camargos
- />Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- />National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Igor H.T. Oliveira
- />Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- />National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - José Cleydson F. Silva
- />National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Humberto H. Carvalho
- />National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Maximiller Dal-Bianco
- />Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- />National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Juliana R.L. Soares-Ramos
- />Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Elizabeth P. B. Fontes
- />Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- />National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
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Shah JN, Kirioukhova O, Pawar P, Tayyab M, Mateo JL, Johnston AJ. Depletion of Key Meiotic Genes and Transcriptome-Wide Abiotic Stress Reprogramming Mark Early Preparatory Events Ahead of Apomeiotic Transition. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1539. [PMID: 27833618 PMCID: PMC5080521 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dissection of apomixis - an asexual reproductive mode - is anticipated to solve the enigma of loss of meiotic sex, and to help fixing elite agronomic traits. The Brassicaceae genus Boechera comprises of both sexual and apomictic species, permitting comparative analyses of meiotic circumvention (apomeiosis) and parthenogenesis. Whereas previous studies reported local transcriptome changes during these events, it remained unclear whether global changes associated with hybridization, polyploidy and environmental adaptation that arose during evolution of Boechera might serve as (epi)genetic regulators of early development prior apomictic initiation. To identify these signatures during vegetative stages, we compared seedling RNA-seq transcriptomes of an obligate triploid apomict and a diploid sexual, both isolated from a drought-prone habitat. Uncovered were several genes differentially expressed between sexual and apomictic seedlings, including homologs of meiotic genes ASYNAPTIC 1 (ASY1) and MULTIPOLAR SPINDLE 1 (MPS1) that were down-regulated in apomicts. An intriguing class of apomict-specific deregulated genes included several NAC transcription factors, homologs of which are known to be transcriptionally reprogrammed during abiotic stress in other plants. Deregulation of both meiotic and stress-response genes during seedling stages might possibly be important in preparation for meiotic circumvention, as similar transcriptional alteration was discernible in apomeiotic floral buds too. Furthermore, we noted that the apomict showed better tolerance to osmotic stress in vitro than the sexual, in conjunction with significant upregulation of a subset of NAC genes. In support of the current model that DNA methylation epigenetically regulates stress, ploidy, hybridization and apomixis, we noted that ASY1, MPS1 and NAC019 homologs were deregulated in Boechera seedlings upon DNA demethylation, and ASY1 in particular seems to be repressed by global DNA methylation exclusively in the apomicts. Variability in stress and transcriptional response in a diploid apomict, which is geographically distinct from the triploid apomict, pinpoints both common and independent features of apomixis evolution. Our study provides a molecular frame-work to investigate how the adaptive traits associated with the evolutionary history of apomicts co-adapted with meiotic gene deregulation at early developmental stage, in order to predate meiotic recombination, which otherwise is thought to be favorable in stress and low-fitness conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubin N. Shah
- Laboratory of Germline Genetics & Evo-Devo, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Kirioukhova
- Laboratory of Germline Genetics & Evo-Devo, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchGatersleben, Germany
| | - Pallavi Pawar
- Laboratory of Germline Genetics & Evo-Devo, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Laboratory of Germline Genetics & Evo-Devo, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan L. Mateo
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Amal J. Johnston, ; Juan L. Mateo,
| | - Amal J. Johnston
- Laboratory of Germline Genetics & Evo-Devo, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchGatersleben, Germany
- *Correspondence: Amal J. Johnston, ; Juan L. Mateo,
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Nuruzzaman M, Sharoni AM, Satoh K, Karim MR, Harikrishna JA, Shimizu T, Sasaya T, Omura T, Haque MA, Hasan SMZ, Ahmad A, Kikuchi S. NAC transcription factor family genes are differentially expressed in rice during infections with Rice dwarf virus, Rice black-streaked dwarf virus, Rice grassy stunt virus, Rice ragged stunt virus, and Rice transitory yellowing virus. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:676. [PMID: 26442000 PMCID: PMC4563162 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Expression levels of the NAC gene family were studied in rice infected with Rice dwarf virus (RDV), Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV), Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), and Rice transitory yellowing virus (RTYV). Microarray analysis showed that 75 (68%) OsNAC genes were differentially regulated during infection with RDV, RBSDV, RGSV, and RRSV compared with the control. The number of OsNAC genes up-regulated was highest during RGSV infection, while the lowest number was found during RTYV infection. These phenomena correlate with the severity of the syndromes induced by the virus infections. Most of the genes in the NAC subgroups NAC22, SND, ONAC2, ANAC34, and ONAC3 were down-regulated for all virus infections. These OsNAC genes might be related to the health stage maintenance of the host plants. Interestingly, most of the genes in the subgroups TIP and SNAC were more highly expressed during RBSDV and RGSV infections. These results suggested that OsNAC genes might be related to the responses induced by the virus infection. All of the genes assigned to the TIP subgroups were highly expressed during RGSV infection when compared with the control. For RDV infection, the number of activated genes was greatest during infection with the S-strain, followed by the D84-strain and the O-strain, with seven OsNAC genes up-regulated during infection by all three strains. The Os12g03050 and Os11g05614 genes showed higher expression during infection with four of the five viruses, and Os11g03310, Os11g03370, and Os07g37920 genes showed high expression during at least three viral infections. We identified some duplicate genes that are classified as neofunctional and subfunctional according to their expression levels in different viral infections. A number of putative cis-elements were identified, which may help to clarify the function of these key genes in network pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nuruzzaman
- Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Research for Biotechnology for Agriculture, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Post Harvest Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, University Malaysia TerengganuKuala Terengganu, Malaysia
- Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of RajshahiRajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Akhter M. Sharoni
- Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Japan
| | - Kouji Satoh
- Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Japan
- Research Team for Vector-Borne Plant Pathogens, National Agricultural Research CenterTsukuba, Japan
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Karim
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Research for Biotechnology for Agriculture, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer A. Harikrishna
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Research for Biotechnology for Agriculture, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Takumi Shimizu
- Research Team for Vector-Borne Plant Pathogens, National Agricultural Research CenterTsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Research Team for Vector-Borne Plant Pathogens, National Agricultural Research CenterTsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omura
- Research Team for Vector-Borne Plant Pathogens, National Agricultural Research CenterTsukuba, Japan
| | - Mohammad A. Haque
- Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of RajshahiRajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Sayed M. Z. Hasan
- Post Harvest Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, University Malaysia TerengganuKuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Aziz Ahmad
- Centre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, School of Science and Food Technology, Universiti Malaysia TerengganuKuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Shoshi Kikuchi
- Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Japan
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Kohl S, Hollmann J, Erban A, Kopka J, Riewe D, Weschke W, Weber H. Metabolic and transcriptional transitions in barley glumes reveal a role as transitory resource buffers during endosperm filling. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:1397-411. [PMID: 25617470 PMCID: PMC4339599 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
During grain filling in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Barke) reserves are remobilized from vegetative organs. Glumes represent the vegetative tissues closest to grains, senesce late, and are involved in the conversion of assimilates. To analyse glume development and metabolism related to grain filling, parallel transcript and metabolite profiling in glumes and endosperm were performed, showing that glume metabolism and development adjusts to changing grain demands, reflected by specific signatures of metabolite and transcript abundances. Before high endosperm sink strength is established by storage product accumulation, glumes form early, intermediary sink organs, shifting then to remobilizing and exporting source organs. Metabolic and transcriptional transitions occur at two phases: first, at the onset of endosperm filling, as a consequence of endosperm sink activity and assimilate depletion in endosperm and vascular tissues; second, at late grain filling, by developmental ageing and senescence. Regulation of and transition between phases are probably governed by specific NAC and WRKY transcription factors, and both abscisic and jasmonic acid, and are accompanied by changed expression of specific nitrogen transporters. Expression and metabolite profiling suggest glume-specific mechanisms of assimilate conversion and translocation. In summary, grain filling and endosperm sink strength coordinate phase changes in glumes via metabolic, hormonal, and transcriptional control. This study provides a comprehensive view of barley glume development and metabolism, and identifies candidate genes and associated pathways, potentially important for breeding improved grain traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kohl
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Julien Hollmann
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David Riewe
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Winfriede Weschke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hans Weber
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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49
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Nguyen KH, Ha CV, Watanabe Y, Tran UT, Nasr Esfahani M, Nguyen DV, Tran LSP. Correlation between differential drought tolerability of two contrasting drought-responsive chickpea cultivars and differential expression of a subset of CaNAC genes under normal and dehydration conditions. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:449. [PMID: 26150822 PMCID: PMC4472984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought causes detrimental effect to growth and productivity of many plants, including crops. NAC transcription factors have been reported to play important role in drought tolerance. In this study, we assessed the expression profiles of 19 dehydration-responsive CaNAC genes in roots and leaves of two contrasting drought-responsive chickpea varieties treated with water (control) and dehydration to examine the correlation between the differential expression levels of the CaNAC genes and the differential drought tolerability of these two cultivars. Results of real-time quantitative PCR indicated a positive relationship between the number of dehydration-inducible and -repressible CaNAC genes and drought tolerability. The higher drought-tolerant capacity of ILC482 cultivar vs. Hashem cultivar might be, at least partly, attributed to the higher number of dehydration-inducible and lower number of dehydration-repressible CaNAC genes identified in both root and leaf tissues of ILC482 than in those of Hashem. In addition, our comparative expression analysis of the selected CaNAC genes in roots and leaves of ILC482 and Hashem cultivars revealed different dehydration-responsive expression patterns, indicating that CaNAC gene expression is tissue- and genotype-specific. Furthermore, the analysis suggested that the enhanced drought tolerance of ILC482 vs. Hashem might be associated with five genes, namely CaNAC02, 04, 05, 16, and 24. CaNAC16 could be a potential candidate gene, contributing to the better drought tolerance of ILC482 vs. Hashem as a positive regulator. Conversely, CaNAC02 could be a potential negative regulator, contributing to the differential drought tolerability of these two cultivars. Thus, our results have also provided a solid foundation for selection of promising tissue-specific and/or dehydration-responsive CaNAC candidates for detailed in planta functional analyses, leading to development of transgenic chickpea varieties with improved productivity under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Huu Nguyen
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural SciencesHanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chien Van Ha
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural SciencesHanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - Uyen Thi Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | | | - Dong Van Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural SciencesHanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Lam-Son Phan Tran, Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan,
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50
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Jensen MK, Skriver K. NAC transcription factor gene regulatory and protein-protein interaction networks in plant stress responses and senescence. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:156-166. [PMID: 24659537 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant-specific NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) transcription factors (TFs) have recently received considerable attention due to their significant roles in plant development and stress signaling. Here, we summarize progress in understanding NAC TFs in stress responses and senescence. We focus on interactions between the DNA-binding NAC domain and target genes, and between the large, mostly disordered transcription regulatory domain of NAC TFs and protein interaction partners. Recent studies have identified both up-stream regulators of NAC genes and down-stream NAC target genes, outlining regulatory networks associated with NAC-protein interactions. This connects molecular interactions and signal pathway intersections with biological functions with promising use in agriculture. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(3):156-166, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Jensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Skriver
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
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