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Seo DH, Jang J, Park D, Yoon Y, Choi YD, Jang G. PEP-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 3 regulates rice tiller formation and grain yield by controlling chloroplast biogenesis. Plant Physiol 2024; 194:805-818. [PMID: 37819034 PMCID: PMC10828210 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) plays a pivotal role in chloroplast development by governing the transcription of chloroplast genes, and PEP-associated proteins (PAPs) modulate PEP transcriptional activity. Therefore, PAPs provide an intriguing target for those efforts to improve yield, by enhancing chloroplast development. In this study, we identified the rice (Oryza sativa) OsPAP3 gene and characterized its function in chloroplast development. OsPAP3 expression was light-dependent and leaf-specific, similar to the PEP-dependent chloroplast gene RUBISCO LARGE SUBUNIT (OsRbcL), and OsPAP3 protein localized to chloroplast nucleoids where PEP functions. Analysis of loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants showed that the expression of OsPAP3 is tightly linked to chloroplast gene expression and chloroplast biogenesis in rice. Homozygous knockout mutants of OsPAP3 had fewer chloroplasts than wild type, whereas plants overexpressing OsPAP3 had more chloroplasts. Also, OsPAP3 knockout suppressed the PEP-dependent expression of chloroplast genes, but OsPAP3 overexpression increased their expression. These findings indicate that OsPAP3 regulates chloroplast biogenesis in rice by controlling the PEP-dependent expression of chloroplast genes. More importantly, data from 3 seasons of field cultivation revealed that the overexpression of OsPAP3 improves rice grain yield by approximately 25%, largely due to increased tiller formation. Collectively, these observations suggest that OsPAP3 regulates rice growth and productivity by promoting chloroplast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Hyun Seo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryeol Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdae Yoon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geupil Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Seo DH, Jeong H, Choi YD, Jang G. Auxin controls the division of root endodermal cells. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:1577-1586. [PMID: 34618030 PMCID: PMC8566267 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The root endodermis forms a selective barrier that prevents the free diffusion of solutes into the vasculature; to make this barrier, endodermal cells deposit hydrophobic compounds in their cell walls, forming the Casparian strip. Here, we showed that, in contrast to vascular and epidermal root cells, endodermal root cells do not divide alongside the root apical meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana. Auxin treatment induced division of endodermal cells in wild-type plants, but not in the auxin signaling mutant auxin resistant3-1. Endodermis-specific activation of auxin responses by expression of truncated AUXIN-RESPONSIVE FACTOR5 (ΔARF5) in root endodermal cells under the control of the ENDODERMIS7 promoter (EN7::ΔARF5) also induced endodermal cell division. We used an auxin transport inhibitor to cause accumulation of auxin in endodermal cells, which induced endodermal cell division. In addition, knockout of P-GLYCOPROTEIN1 (PGP1) and PGP19, which mediate centripetal auxin flow, promoted the division of endodermal cells. Together, these findings reveal a tight link between the endodermal auxin response and endodermal cell division, suggesting that auxin is a key regulator controlling the division of root endodermal cells, and that PGP1 and PGP19 are involved in regulating endodermal cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Hyun Seo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Haewon Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- The National Academy of Sciences, Seoul 06579, Republic of Korea
| | - Geupil Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Park HK, Choi YD, Yun SJ. Clinical characteristics and differences among 802 acral tumors by anatomical sites. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:312-318. [PMID: 34388274 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acral skin tumors are common, but there are few literature reviews regarding their incidence. OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical characteristics and differences in incidence of benign and malignant acral tumors by anatomical site. METHODS A retrospective review of 802 patients with acral skin tumors confirmed by skin biopsy between January 2010 and December 2019 was conducted. Age, sex, duration, symptoms, and sites were obtained from medical records and photographs. RESULTS The mean age of onset was 43.8 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.41, and the mean duration was 68.8 months. Most were asymptomatic (66.7%). In total, 802 acral tumors were identified: 512 (63.8%) were benign and 290 (36.2%) were malignant. The most common benign tumors were benign melanocytic lesions (n = 239), and the most common malignant tumors were melanoma (n = 234). The most common site was the sole (n = 408). Benign melanocytic lesions, melanoma, and epidermal cyst were more frequent on the foot, and pyogenic granuloma, glomus tumor, hemangioma, and mucous cyst were more frequent on the hand. Glomus tumor, fibroma, mucous cyst, and osteoma were more frequent on the nail portion, and benign melanocytic lesions and epidermal cyst were more frequent on the non-nail portion. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the incidence of various benign and malignant acral tumors according to site, and we believe the results will be helpful in making a diagnosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Park
- Departments of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y D Choi
- Departments of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S J Yun
- Departments of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Lee S, Joung YH, Kim JK, Do Choi Y, Jang G. An isoform of the plastid RNA polymerase-associated protein FSD3 negatively regulates chloroplast development. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:524. [PMID: 31775615 PMCID: PMC6882211 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) plays an essential role in chloroplast development by governing the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. At least 12 PEP-associated proteins (PAPs), including FSD3/PAP4, regulate PEP activity and chloroplast development by modulating formation of the PEP complex. RESULTS In this study, we identified FSD3S, a splicing variant of FSD3; the FSD3 and FSD3S transcripts encode proteins with identical N-termini, but different C-termini. Characterization of FSD3 and FSD3S proteins showed that the C-terminal region of FSD3S contains a transmembrane domain, which promotes FSD3S localization to the chloroplast membrane but not to nucleoids, in contrast to FSD3, which localizes to the chloroplast nucleoid. We also found that overexpression of FSD3S negatively affects photosynthetic activity and chloroplast development by reducing expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. In addition, FSD3S failed to complement the chloroplast developmental defects in the fsd3 mutant. CONCLUSION These results suggest FSD3 and FSD3S, with their distinct localization patterns, have different functions in chloroplast development, and FSD3S negatively regulates expression of PEP-dependent chloroplast genes, and development of chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyool Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Joung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- The National Academy of Sciences, Seoul, 06579 Republic of Korea
| | - Geupil Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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Jang G, Yoon Y, Choi YD. Jasmonic Acid Modulates Xylem Development by Controlling Expression of PIN-FORMED 7. Plant Signal Behav 2019; 14:1637664. [PMID: 31264505 PMCID: PMC6768215 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1637664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) modulates plant development, growth, and responses to stress. Previously, we showed that in Arabidopsis thaliana, JA promotes the formation of extra xylem in roots, and mutant plants unable to express PIN-FORMED 3 (PIN3) and PIN7 formed extra xylem in the absence of exogenous JA. Those results suggested that JA modulates root xylem development by controlling PIN-mediated polar auxin transport. Consistent with this, treatment with an auxin transport inhibitor induced extra xylem formation. Here, we characterized the expression of PIN3 and PIN7 in JA-treated Arabidopsis plants. PIN3 expression was not altered in response to JA; by contrast, PIN7 expression was reduced by JA, which suggested that PIN7 is involved in JA-mediated xylem development. Indeed, overexpressing PIN7 suppressed the formation of extra xylem in response to JA. Based on these results, we propose that JA mediates xylem development by controlling polar auxin transport with PIN7 critically involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geupil Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdae Yoon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
- The National Academy of Sciences , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Bang SW, Lee D, Jung H, Chung PJ, Kim YS, Choi YD, Suh J, Kim J. Overexpression of OsTF1L, a rice HD-Zip transcription factor, promotes lignin biosynthesis and stomatal closure that improves drought tolerance. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:118-131. [PMID: 29781573 PMCID: PMC6330637 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress seriously impacts on plant development and productivity. Improvement of drought tolerance without yield penalty is a great challenge in crop biotechnology. Here, we report that the rice (Oryza sativa) homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor gene, OsTF1L (Oryza sativa transcription factor 1-like), is a key regulator of drought tolerance mechanisms. Overexpression of the OsTF1L in rice significantly increased drought tolerance at the vegetative stages of growth and promoted both effective photosynthesis and a reduction in the water loss rate under drought conditions. Importantly, the OsTF1L overexpressing plants showed a higher drought tolerance at the reproductive stage of growth with a higher grain yield than nontransgenic controls under field-drought conditions. Genomewide analysis of OsTF1L overexpression plants revealed up-regulation of drought-inducible, stomatal movement and lignin biosynthetic genes. Overexpression of OsTF1L promoted accumulation of lignin in shoots, whereas the RNAi lines showed opposite patterns of lignin accumulation. OsTF1L is mainly expressed in outer cell layers including the epidermis, and the vasculature of the shoots, which coincides with areas of lignification. In addition, OsTF1L overexpression enhances stomatal closure under drought conditions resulted in drought tolerance. More importantly, OsTF1L directly bound to the promoters of lignin biosynthesis and drought-related genes involving poxN/PRX38, Nodulin protein, DHHC4, CASPL5B1 and AAA-type ATPase. Collectively, our results provide a new insight into the role of OsTF1L in enhancing drought tolerance through lignin biosynthesis and stomatal closure in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woon Bang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical MaterialsDivision of BioinformaticsMyongji UniversityYongin, GyeonggiKorea
| | - Dong‐Keun Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Present address:
NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological InnovationDepartment of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore117596Singapore
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Joo‐Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical MaterialsDivision of BioinformaticsMyongji UniversityYongin, GyeonggiKorea
| | - Ju‐Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
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Um TY, Lee HY, Lee S, Chang SH, Chung PJ, Oh KB, Kim JK, Jang G, Choi YD. Jasmonate Zim-Domain Protein 9 Interacts With Slender Rice 1 to Mediate the Antagonistic Interaction Between Jasmonic and Gibberellic Acid Signals in Rice. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1866. [PMID: 30619427 PMCID: PMC6305323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathways interact to coordinate stress responses and developmental processes. This coordination affects plant growth and yield, and is mediated by interactions between the repressors of each pathway, the JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN (JAZ) and DELLA proteins. In this study we attempted to identify rice (Oryza sativa) JAZs that interact with rice DELLAs such as SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1). Analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that OsJAZ8 and OsJAZ9 interact with SLR1; OsJAZ9 also interacted with the SLR1-LIKE (SLRL) protein SLRL2. Based on this broader interaction, we explored the function of OsJAZ9 in JA and GA responses by analyzing transcript levels of the JA-responsive gene OsbHLH148 and the GA-responsive gene OsPIL14 in OsJAZ9-overexpressing (OsJAZ9-Ox) and osjaz9 mutant plants. OsbHLH148 and OsPIL14 encode key transcription factors controlling JA and GA responses, respectively, and JA and GA antagonistically regulate their expression. In OsJAZ9-Ox, the expression of OsbHLH148 was downregulated and the expression of OsPIL14 was upregulated. By contrast, in osjaz9 mutants, the expression of OsbHLH148 was upregulated and the expression of OsPIL14 was downregulated. These observations indicated that OsJAZ9 regulates both JA and GA responses in rice, and this finding was supported by the opposite expression patterns of OsDREB1s, downstream targets of OsbHLH148 and OsPIL14, in the OsJAZ9-Ox and osjaz9 plants. Together, these findings indicate that OsJAZ9 suppresses JA responses and promotes GA responses in rice, and the protein-protein interaction between OsJAZ9 and SLR1 is involved in the antagonistic interplay between JA and GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Um
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Yong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyool Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Hyun Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Geupil Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Jang G, Choi YD. Drought stress promotes xylem differentiation by modulating the interaction between cytokinin and jasmonic acid. Plant Signal Behav 2018; 13:e1451707. [PMID: 29533132 PMCID: PMC5927639 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1451707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress provokes jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, which mediates plant stress responses; moreover, growing numbers of studies suggest that JA is involved in the modulation of root development under drought stress. Recently, we showed that JA promotes differentiation of xylem from procambial cells in Arabidopsis roots. Further molecular and genetic approaches revealed that the effect of JA on xylem development is caused by suppression of cytokinin responses, suggesting that JA antagonistically interacts with cytokinin to modulate xylem development. Here, we showed that, similar to JA, drought stress promotes xylem development. This suggests that the antagonistic interaction between JA and cytokinin is involved in drought-mediated xylem development, a hypothesis supported by the observation that drought stress increases JA responses and decreases cytokinin responses. Based on these findings, we propose that drought stress promotes xylem development, and the antagonistic interaction between JA and cytokinin is deeply involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geupil Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Chung PJ, Jung H, Choi YD, Kim JK. Genome-wide analyses of direct target genes of four rice NAC-domain transcription factors involved in drought tolerance. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:40. [PMID: 29329517 PMCID: PMC5767043 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant stress responses and mechanisms determining tolerance are controlled by diverse sets of genes. Transcription factors (TFs) have been implicated in conferring drought tolerance under drought stress conditions, and the identification of their target genes can elucidate molecular regulatory networks that orchestrate tolerance mechanisms. RESULTS We generated transgenic rice plants overexpressing the 4 rice TFs, OsNAC5, 6, 9, and 10, under the control of the root-specific RCc3 promoter. We showed that they were tolerant to drought stress with reduced loss of grain yield under drought conditions compared with wild type plants. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this tolerance, we here performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-Seq and RNA-Seq analyses to identify the direct target genes of the OsNAC proteins using the RCc3:6MYC-OsNAC expressing roots. A total of 475 binding loci for the 4 OsNAC proteins were identified by cross-referencing their binding to promoter regions and the expression levels of the corresponding genes. The binding loci were distributed among the promoter regions of 391 target genes that were directly up-regulated by one of the OsNAC proteins in four RCc3:6MYC-OsNAC transgenic lines. Based on gene ontology (GO) analysis, the direct target genes were related to transmembrane/transporter activity, vesicle, plant hormones, carbohydrate metabolism, and TFs. The direct targets of each OsNAC range from 4.0-8.7% of the total number of up-regulated genes found in the RNA-Seq data sets. Thus, each OsNAC up-regulates a set of direct target genes that alter root system architecture in the RCc3:OsNAC plants to confer drought tolerance. Our results provide a valuable resource for functional dissection of the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Many of the target genes, including transmembrane/transporter, vesicle related, auxin/hormone related, carbohydrate metabolic processes, and transcription factor genes, that are up-regulated by OsNACs act as the cellular components which would alter the root architectures of RCc3:OsNACs for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea
| | - Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea.,Present address: NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea.
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Shim JS, Oh N, Chung PJ, Kim YS, Choi YD, Kim JK. Overexpression of OsNAC14 Improves Drought Tolerance in Rice. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:310. [PMID: 29593766 PMCID: PMC5855183 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved to have sophisticated adaptation mechanisms to cope with drought stress by reprograming transcriptional networks through drought responsive transcription factors. NAM, ATAF1-2, and CUC2 (NAC) transcription factors are known to be associated with various developmental processes and stress tolerance. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice drought responsive transcription factor OsNAC14. OsNAC14 was predominantly expressed at meiosis stage but is induced by drought, high salinity, ABA, and low temperature in leaves. Overexpression of OsNAC14 resulted in drought tolerance at the vegetative stage of growth. Field drought tests demonstrated that OsNAC14 overexpressing transgenic rice lines exhibited higher number of panicle and filling rate compared to non-transgenic plants under drought conditions. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that OsNAC14 overexpression elevated the expression of genes for stress response, DNA damage repair, defense related, and strigolactone biosynthesis. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed the direct interaction of OsNAC14 with the promoter of OsRAD51A1, a key component in homologous recombination in DNA repair system. Collectively, these results indicate that OsNAC14 mediates drought tolerance by recruiting factors involved in DNA damage repair and defense response resulting in improved tolerance to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Shim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Nuri Oh
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ju-Kon Kim
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Jang G, Chang SH, Um TY, Lee S, Kim JK, Choi YD. Antagonistic interaction between jasmonic acid and cytokinin in xylem development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10212. [PMID: 28860478 PMCID: PMC5579306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental flexibility under stress conditions largely relies on the interactions between hormones that mediate stress responses and developmental processes. In this study, we showed that the stress hormone jasmonic acid (JA) induces formation of extra xylem in the roots of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0). JA signaling mutants such as coronatine insensitive1-1 and jasmonate resistant1-1 did not form extra xylem in response to JA, but the JA biosynthesis mutant oxophytodienoate-reductase3 did form extra xylem. These observations suggested that the JA response promotes xylem development. To understand the mechanism, we examined the regulatory interaction between JA and cytokinin, a negative regulator of xylem development. JA treatment reduced cytokinin responses in the vasculature, and exogenous cytokinin nullified the effect of JA on formation of extra xylem. A time-course experiment showed that suppression of cytokinin responses by JA does not occur rapidly, but the JA-mediated xylem phenotype is tightly linked to the suppression of the cytokinin response. Further analysis of arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer protein6-1 and myc2-3 mutants revealed that the JA-responsive transcription factor MYC2 regulates the expression of AHP6 in response to JA and expression of AHP6 is involved in the JA-mediated xylem phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geupil Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Sun Hyun Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Tae Young Um
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Sangyool Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 232-916, Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea.
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Lee D, Chung PJ, Jeong JS, Jang G, Bang SW, Jung H, Kim YS, Ha S, Choi YD, Kim J. The rice OsNAC6 transcription factor orchestrates multiple molecular mechanisms involving root structural adaptions and nicotianamine biosynthesis for drought tolerance. Plant Biotechnol J 2017; 15:754-764. [PMID: 27892643 PMCID: PMC5425393 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Drought has a serious impact on agriculture worldwide. A plant's ability to adapt to rhizosphere drought stress requires reprogramming of root growth and development. Although physiological studies have documented the root adaption for tolerance to the drought stress, underlying molecular mechanisms is still incomplete, which is essential for crop engineering. Here, we identified OsNAC6-mediated root structural adaptations, including increased root number and root diameter, which enhanced drought tolerance. Multiyear drought field tests demonstrated that the grain yield of OsNAC6 root-specific overexpressing transgenic rice lines was less affected by drought stress than were nontransgenic controls. Genome-wide analyses of loss- and gain-of-function mutants revealed that OsNAC6 up-regulates the expression of direct target genes involved in membrane modification, nicotianamine (NA) biosynthesis, glutathione relocation, 3'-phophoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate accumulation and glycosylation, which represent multiple drought tolerance pathways. Moreover, overexpression of NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE genes, direct targets of OsNAC6, promoted the accumulation of the metal chelator NA and, consequently, drought tolerance. Collectively, OsNAC6 orchestrates novel molecular drought tolerance mechanisms and has potential for the biotechnological development of high-yielding crops under water-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Keun Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Jin Seo Jeong
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Geupil Jang
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Seung Woon Bang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Sun‐Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginKorea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ju‐Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
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13
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Chang SH, Lee S, Um TY, Kim JK, Do Choi Y, Jang G. pTAC10, a Key Subunit of Plastid-Encoded RNA Polymerase, Promotes Chloroplast Development. Plant Physiol 2017; 174:435-449. [PMID: 28336770 PMCID: PMC5411158 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of photosynthetic gene expression by plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) is essential for chloroplast development. The activity of PEP largely relies on at least 12 PEP-associated proteins (PAPs) encoded in the nuclear genome of plant cells. A recent model proposed that these PAPs regulate the establishment of the PEP complex through broad PAP-PEP or PAP-PAP interactions. In this study, we identified the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedling-lethal mutant ptac10-1, which has defects in chloroplast development, and found that the mutant phenotype is caused by the suppression of PLASTID S1 RNA-BINDING DOMAIN PROTEIN (pTAC10/PAP3). Analysis of the heterozygous mutant and pTAC10-overexpressing transgenic plants indicated that the expression level of pTAC10 is tightly linked to chloroplast development. Characterization of the interaction of pTAC10 with PAPs revealed that pTAC10 interacts with other PAPs, such as FSD2, FSD3, TrxZ, pTAC7, and pTAC14, but it does not interact with PEP core enzymes, such as rpoA and rpoB. Analysis of pTAC10 interactions using truncated pTAC10 proteins showed that the pTAC10 carboxyl-terminal region downstream of the S1 domain is involved in the pTAC10-PAP interaction. Furthermore, overexpression of truncated pTAC10s lacking the C-terminal regions downstream of the S1 domain could not rescue the ptac10-1 mutant phenotype and induced an abnormal whitening phenotype in Columbia-0 plants. Our observations suggested that these pTAC10-PAP interactions are essential for the formation of the PEP complex and chloroplast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hyun Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea (S.H.C., S.L., T.Y.U., Y.D.C., G.J.); and
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Korea (J.-K.K.)
| | - Sangyool Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea (S.H.C., S.L., T.Y.U., Y.D.C., G.J.); and
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Korea (J.-K.K.)
| | - Tae Young Um
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea (S.H.C., S.L., T.Y.U., Y.D.C., G.J.); and
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Korea (J.-K.K.)
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea (S.H.C., S.L., T.Y.U., Y.D.C., G.J.); and
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Korea (J.-K.K.)
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea (S.H.C., S.L., T.Y.U., Y.D.C., G.J.); and
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Korea (J.-K.K.)
| | - Geupil Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea (S.H.C., S.L., T.Y.U., Y.D.C., G.J.); and
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Korea (J.-K.K.)
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14
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Park DJ, Kang JH, Lee JW, Lee KE, Kim TJ, Park YW, Lee JS, Choi YD, Lee SS. Risk factors to predict the development of chronic kidney disease in patients with lupus nephritis. Lupus 2017; 26:1139-1148. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317694257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We analyzed the clinical follow-up results of 88 lupus nephritis patients to find prognostic factors for the development of chronic kidney disease in ethnically homogeneous Korean patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis. Methods Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment-related data at the time of kidney biopsy and during follow-up were obtained. Renal biopsy specimens were reclassified according to the International Society of Pathology/Renal Pathology Society classification, separately, by two renal pathologists blinded to the previous classification. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model to identify independent risk factors for chronic kidney disease in lupus nephritis patients. Results Eighteen of 88 patients (20.5%) developed chronic kidney disease during a mean follow-up of 47.6 months (range: 12–96 months). Patients who developed chronic kidney disease were older at onset of lupus nephritis, had less education, and were more likely to have hypertension; they had lower serum albumin levels, lower platelet levels, higher serum creatinine levels, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher chronicity index, and lower frequency of anti-ribosomal P antibodies, and they were less likely to be in complete remission in the first year. In stepwise multivariable analyses, hypertension, lower glomerular filtration rate, and failure to achieve complete remission in the first year of treatment were significant predictors of the development of chronic kidney disease in lupus nephritis patients. Conclusions These findings suggest that patients with hypertension and decreased kidney function at the onset of lupus nephritis and showing a poor response to immunosuppressive drugs in the first year should be monitored carefully and managed aggressively to avoid deterioration of kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - K E Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - T J Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital & Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y D Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital & Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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15
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Jang WS, Yoon CY, Kim MS, Kang DH, Kang YJ, Jeong WS, Abalajon MJ, Ham WS, Choi YD. The prognostic role of tertiary Gleason pattern 5 in a contemporary grading system for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016; 20:93-98. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Lee DK, Jung H, Jang G, Jeong JS, Kim YS, Ha SH, Do Choi Y, Kim JK. Overexpression of the OsERF71 Transcription Factor Alters Rice Root Structure and Drought Resistance. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:575-88. [PMID: 27382137 PMCID: PMC5074616 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to drought stress require the regulation of transcriptional networks via drought-responsive transcription factors, which mediate a range of morphological and physiological changes. AP2/ERF transcription factors are known to act as key regulators of drought resistance transcriptional networks; however, little is known about the associated molecular mechanisms that give rise to specific morphological and physiological adaptations. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) drought-responsive AP2/ERF transcription factor OsERF71, which is expressed predominantly in the root meristem, pericycle, and endodermis. Overexpression of OsERF71, either throughout the entire plant or specifically in roots, resulted in a drought resistance phenotype at the vegetative growth stage, indicating that overexpression in roots was sufficient to confer drought resistance. The root-specific overexpression was more effective in conferring drought resistance at the reproductive stage, such that grain yield was increased by 23% to 42% over wild-type plants or whole-body overexpressing transgenic lines under drought conditions. OsERF71 overexpression in roots elevated the expression levels of genes related to cell wall loosening and lignin biosynthetic genes, which correlated with changes in root structure, the formation of enlarged aerenchyma, and high lignification levels. Furthermore, OsERF71 was found to directly bind to the promoter of OsCINNAMOYL-COENZYME A REDUCTASE1, a key gene in lignin biosynthesis. These results indicate that the OsERF71-mediated drought resistance pathway recruits factors involved in cell wall modification to enable root morphological adaptations, thereby providing a mechanism for enhancing drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Geupil Jang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Jin Seo Jeong
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
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17
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Chung PJ, Jung H, Jeong DH, Ha SH, Choi YD, Kim JK. Transcriptome profiling of drought responsive noncoding RNAs and their target genes in rice. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:563. [PMID: 27501838 PMCID: PMC4977689 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant transcriptome profiling has provided a tool for understanding the mechanisms by which plants respond to stress conditions. Analysis of genome-wide transcriptome will provides a useful dataset of drought responsive noncoding RNAs and their candidate target genes that may be involved in drought stress responses. RESULTS Here RNA-seq analyses of leaves from drought stressed rice plants was performed, producing differential expression profiles of noncoding RNAs. We found that the transcript levels of 66 miRNAs changed significantly in response to drought conditions and that they were negatively correlated with putative target genes during the treatments. The negative correlations were further validated by qRT-PCR using total RNAs from both drought-treated leaves and various tissues at different developmental stages. The drought responsive miRNA/target pairs were confirmed by the presence of decay intermediates generated by miRNA-guided cleavages in Parallel Analysis of RNA Ends (PARE) libraries. We observed that the precursor miR171f produced two different mature miRNAs, miR171f-5p and miR171f-3p with 4 candidate target genes, the former of which was responsive to drought conditions. We found that the expression levels of the miR171f precursor negatively correlated with those of one candidate target gene, but not with the others, suggesting that miR171f-5p was drought-responsive, with Os03g0828701-00 being a likely target. Pre-miRNA expression profiling indicated that miR171f is involved in the progression of rice root development and growth, as well as the response to drought stress. Ninety-eight lncRNAs were also identified, together with their corresponding antisense transcripts, some of which were responsive to drought conditions. CONCLUSIONS We identified rice noncoding RNAs (66 miRNAs and 98 lncRNAs), whose expression was highly regulated by drought stress conditions, and whose transcript levels negatively correlated with putative target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Korea
| | - Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Korea.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Korea.
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18
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Nam KH, Kim DY, Pack IS, Park JH, Seo JS, Choi YD, Cheong JJ, Kim CH, Kim CG. Comparative analysis of chemical compositions between non-transgenic soybean seeds and those from plants over-expressing AtJMT, the gene for jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase. Food Chem 2016; 196:236-41. [PMID: 26593488 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic overexpression of the Arabidopsis gene for jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (AtJMT) is involved in regulating jasmonate-related plant responses. To examine its role in the compositional profile of soybean (Glycine max), we compared the seeds from field-grown plants that over-express AtJMT with those of the non-transgenic, wild-type (WT) counterpart. Our analysis of chemical compositions included proximates, amino acids, fatty acids, isoflavones, and antinutrients. Overexpression of AtJMT in the seeds resulted in decreased amounts of tryptophan, palmitic acid, linolenic acid, and stachyose, but increased levels of gadoleic acid and genistein. In particular, seeds from the transgenic soybeans contained 120.0-130.5% more genistein and 60.5-82.1% less stachyose than the WT. A separate evaluation of ingredient values showed that all were within the reference ranges reported for commercially available soybeans, thereby demonstrating the substantial equivalence of these transgenic and non-transgenic seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Hee Nam
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soon Pack
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Park
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Joo Cheong
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seowon University, Cheongju 361-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 363-883, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Lee DK, Kim HI, Jang G, Chung PJ, Jeong JS, Kim YS, Bang SW, Jung H, Choi YD, Kim JK. The NF-YA transcription factor OsNF-YA7 confers drought stress tolerance of rice in an abscisic acid independent manner. Plant Sci 2015; 241:199-210. [PMID: 26706071 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of plant response and adaptation to drought stress require the regulation of transcriptional networks via the induction of drought-responsive transcription factors. Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factors have aroused interest in roles of plant drought stress responses. However, the molecular mechanism of the NF-Y-induced drought tolerance is not well understood. Here, we functionally analyzed two rice NF-YA genes, OsNF-YA7 and OsNF-YA4. Expression of OsNF-YA7 was induced by drought stress and its overexpression in transgenic rice plants improved their drought tolerance. In contrast, OsNF-YA4 expression was not increased by drought stress and its overexpression in transgenic rice plants did not affect their sensitivity to drought stress. OsNF-YA4 expression was highly induced by the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA), while OsNF-YA7 was not, indicating that OsNF-YA7 mediates drought tolerance in an ABA-independent manner. Analysis of the OsNF-YA7 promoter revealed three ABA-independent DRE/CTR elements and RNA-seq analysis identified 48 genes downstream of OsNFYA7 action putatively involved in the OsNF-YA7-mediated drought tolerance pathway. Taken together, our results suggest an important role for OsNF-YA7 in rice drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Hyung Il Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Geupil Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Jin Seo Jeong
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Seung Woon Bang
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Harin Jung
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
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20
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Li H, Kim SM, Savkovic V, Jin SA, Choi YD, Yun SJ. Expression of soluble adenylyl cyclase in acral melanomas. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 41:425-9. [PMID: 26290224 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) regulates melanocytic cells, and is a diagnostic marker for pigmented skin lesions. Because only a few studies on sAC expression in acral melanomas have been performed, we investigated the histopathological significance of sAC expression in 33 cases of acral melanoma, and assessed its diagnostic value in distinguishing melanoma in situ (MIS, n = 17) from acral invasive melanomas (n = 16) and melanocytic naevi (n = 11). Acral melanomas exhibited more marked nuclear immunopositivity compared with acral melanocytic naevi. sAC expression significantly correlated with the nuclear morphology of melanocytes and melanoma cells, namely, hyperchromatic nuclei and prominent nucleoli within vesicular nuclei. sAC expression was predominantly observed in the hyperchromatic nuclei of MIS and the prominent nucleoli invasive melanomas, respectively. In vitro culture models of melanocytes and melanoma cell lines exhibited sAC staining patterns similar to those of acral melanomas. Differentiation induction showed that nuclear and nucleolar expression varied depending on cell morphology. sAC immunostaining may be useful for the differential diagnosis of acral melanocytic lesions, and sAC expressed in the nucleus and nucleolus might be related to cytological and nuclear changes associated with invasion and progression of acral melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - S M Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - V Savkovic
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - S A Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Y D Choi
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - S J Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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21
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Jung H, Lee DK, Choi YD, Kim JK. OsIAA6, a member of the rice Aux/IAA gene family, is involved in drought tolerance and tiller outgrowth. Plant Sci 2015; 236:304-12. [PMID: 26025543 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Auxin signaling is a fundamental part of many plant growth processes and stress responses and operates through Aux/IAA protein degradation and the transmission of the signal via auxin response factors (ARFs). A total of 31 Aux/IAA genes have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa), some of which are induced by drought stress. However, the mechanistic link between Aux/IAA expression and drought responses is not well understood. In this study we found that the rice Aux/IAA gene OsIAA6 is highly induced by drought stress and that its overexpression in transgenic rice improved drought tolerance, likely via the regulation of auxin biosynthesis genes. We observed that OsIAA6 was specifically expressed in the axillary meristem of the basal stem, which is the tissue that gives rise to tillers. A knock-down mutant of OsIAA6 showed abnormal tiller outgrowth, apparently due to the regulation of the auxin transporter OsPIN1 and the rice tillering inhibitor OsTB1. Our results confirm that the OsIAA6 gene is involved in drought stress responses and the control of tiller outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harin Jung
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Bang SW, Park SH, Kim YS, Choi YD, Kim JK. The activities of four constitutively expressed promoters in single-copy transgenic rice plants for two homozygous generations. Planta 2015; 241:1529-1541. [PMID: 25809149 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized four novel constitutive promoters ARP1, H3F3, HSP and H2BF3 that are active in all tissues/stages of transgenic plants and stable over two homozygous generations. Gene promoters that are active and stable over several generations in transgenic plants are valuable tools for plant research and biotechnology. In this study, we characterized four putative constitutive promoters (ARP1, H3F3, HSP and H2BF3) in transgenic rice plants. Promoter regions were fused to the green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene and transformed into rice. Single-copy transgenic lines were then selected and promoter activity was analyzed in various organs and tissues of two successive homozygous generations. All four promoters showed a broad expression profile in most tissues and developmental stages, and indeed the expression of the ARP1 and H3F3 promoters was even greater than that of the PGD1 promoter, a previously described constitutive promoter that has been used in transgenic rice. This observation was based on expression levels in leaves, roots, dry seeds and flowers in both the T2 and T3 generations. Each promoter exhibited comparable levels of activity over two homozygous generations with no sign of transgene silencing, which is an important characteristic of promoters to be used in crop biotechnology applications. These promoters therefore have considerable potential value for the stable and constitutive expression of transgenes in monocotyledonous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woon Bang
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 232-916, Korea,
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23
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Jeong CW, Park GT, Yun H, Hsieh TF, Choi YD, Choi Y, Lee JS. Control of Paternally Expressed Imprinted UPWARD CURLY LEAF1, a Gene Encoding an F-Box Protein That Regulates CURLY LEAF Polycomb Protein, in the Arabidopsis Endosperm. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117431. [PMID: 25689861 PMCID: PMC4331533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting, an epigenetic process in mammals and flowering plants, refers to the differential expression of alleles of the same genes in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. In Arabidopsis, imprinting occurs primarily in the endosperm, which nourishes the developing embryo. Recent high-throughput sequencing analyses revealed that more than 200 loci are imprinted in Arabidopsis; however, only a few of these imprinted genes and their imprinting mechanisms have been examined in detail. Whereas most imprinted loci characterized to date are maternally expressed imprinted genes (MEGs), PHERES1 (PHE1) and ADMETOS (ADM) are paternally expressed imprinted genes (PEGs). Here, we report that UPWARD CURLY LEAF1 (UCL1), a gene encoding an E3 ligase that degrades the CURLY LEAF (CLF) polycomb protein, is a PEG. After fertilization, paternally inherited UCL1 is expressed in the endosperm, but not in the embryo. The expression pattern of a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the UCL1 promoter suggests that the imprinting control region (ICR) of UCL1 is adjacent to a transposable element in the UCL1 5′-upstream region. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) silences the maternal UCL1 allele in the central cell prior to fertilization and in the endosperm after fertilization. The UCL1 imprinting pattern was not affected in paternal PRC2 mutants. We found unexpectedly that the maternal UCL1 allele is reactivated in the endosperm of Arabidopsis lines with mutations in cytosine DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (MET1) or the DNA glycosylase DEMETER (DME), which antagonistically regulate CpG methylation of DNA. By contrast, maternal UCL1 silencing was not altered in mutants with defects in non-CpG methylation. Thus, silencing of the maternal UCL1 allele is regulated by both MET1 and DME as well as by PRC2, suggesting that divergent mechanisms for the regulation of PEGs evolved in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Woong Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Guen Tae Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyein Yun
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tzung-Fu Hsieh
- Plants for Human Health Institute & Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United State of America
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonhee Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (YC); (JSL)
| | - Jong Seob Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (YC); (JSL)
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24
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Joo J, Choi HJ, Lee YH, Lee S, Lee CH, Kim CH, Cheong JJ, Choi YD, Song SI. Over-expression of BvMTSH, a fusion gene for maltooligosyltrehalose synthase and maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase, enhances drought tolerance in transgenic rice. BMB Rep 2014; 47:27-32. [PMID: 24209631 PMCID: PMC4163841 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.1.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant abiotic stress tolerance has been modulated by engineering the trehalose synthesis pathway. However, many stress-tolerant plants that have been genetically engineered for the trehalose synthesis pathway also show abnormal development. The metabolic intermediate trehalose 6-phosphate has the potential to cause aberrations in growth. To avoid growth inhibition by trehalose 6-phosphate, we used a gene that encodes a bifunctional in-frame fusion (BvMTSH) of maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (BvMTS) and maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (BvMTH) from the nonpathogenic bacterium Brevibacterium helvolum. BvMTS converts maltooligosaccharides into maltooligosyltrehalose and BvMTH releases trehalose. Transgenic rice plants that over-express BvMTSH under the control of the constitutive rice cytochrome c promoter (101MTSH) or the ABA-inducible Ai promoter (105MTSH) show enhanced drought tolerance without growth inhibition. Moreover, 101MTSH and 105MTSH showed an ABA-hyposensitive phenotype in the roots. Our results suggest that over-expression of BvMTSH enhances drought-stress tolerance without any abnormal growth and showes ABA hyposensitive phenotype in the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sang Ik Song
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
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25
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Kim S, Park M, Yeom SI, Kim YM, Lee JM, Lee HA, Seo E, Choi J, Cheong K, Kim KT, Jung K, Lee GW, Oh SK, Bae C, Kim SB, Lee HY, Kim SY, Kim MS, Kang BC, Jo YD, Yang HB, Jeong HJ, Kang WH, Kwon JK, Shin C, Lim JY, Park JH, Huh JH, Kim JS, Kim BD, Cohen O, Paran I, Suh MC, Lee SB, Kim YK, Shin Y, Noh SJ, Park J, Seo YS, Kwon SY, Kim HA, Park JM, Kim HJ, Choi SB, Bosland PW, Reeves G, Jo SH, Lee BW, Cho HT, Choi HS, Lee MS, Yu Y, Do Choi Y, Park BS, van Deynze A, Ashrafi H, Hill T, Kim WT, Pai HS, Ahn HK, Yeam I, Giovannoni JJ, Rose JKC, Sørensen I, Lee SJ, Kim RW, Choi IY, Choi BS, Lim JS, Lee YH, Choi D. Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in Capsicum species. Nat Genet 2014; 46:270-8. [PMID: 24441736 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum), one of the oldest domesticated crops in the Americas, is the most widely grown spice crop in the world. We report whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the hot pepper (Mexican landrace of Capsicum annuum cv. CM334) at 186.6× coverage. We also report resequencing of two cultivated peppers and de novo sequencing of the wild species Capsicum chinense. The genome size of the hot pepper was approximately fourfold larger than that of its close relative tomato, and the genome showed an accumulation of Gypsy and Caulimoviridae family elements. Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses suggested that change in gene expression and neofunctionalization of capsaicin synthase have shaped capsaicinoid biosynthesis. We found differential molecular patterns of ripening regulators and ethylene synthesis in hot pepper and tomato. The reference genome will serve as a platform for improving the nutritional and medicinal values of Capsicum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungill Kim
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2]
| | - Minkyu Park
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Seon-In Yeom
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Je Min Lee
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2]
| | - Eunyoung Seo
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2]
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeongchae Cheong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyongyong Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gir-Won Lee
- Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Oh
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chungyun Bae
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saet-Byul Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3] Vegetable Breeding Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Deuk Jo
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Bum Yang
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Hee Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Vegetable Breeding Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanseok Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yun Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Hyun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hoe Huh
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Sik Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Dong Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oded Cohen
- Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ilan Paran
- Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Saet Buyl Lee
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ki Kim
- Genomics Genetics Institute, GreenGene BioTech, Inc., Yongin, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Young Sam Seo
- Ginseng Resources Research Laboratory, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun A Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Bong Choi
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Paul W Bosland
- 1] Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA. [2] Chile Pepper Institute, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Gregory Reeves
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | - Hyung-Taeg Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeisoo Yu
- Arizona Genomics Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Park
- Agricultural Genome Center, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - Allen van Deynze
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hamid Ashrafi
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Theresa Hill
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Ahn
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhwa Yeam
- Department of Horticulture and Breeding, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - James J Giovannoni
- 1] US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center, Ithaca, New York, USA. [2] Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Iben Sørensen
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sang-Jik Lee
- Biotechnology Institute, Nongwoo Bio, Yeoju, Korea
| | - Ryan W Kim
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom-Soon Choi
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Sung Lim
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Lim SK, Kim KH, Shin TY, Hong SJ, Choi YD, Rha KH. A rare case of interparietal incisional hernia from 8 mm trocar site after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Hernia 2013; 18:911-3. [PMID: 23873443 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-013-1137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trocar site hernia arising from 8 mm robotic port is very rare despite the increasing prevalence of robot-assisted surgeries. To date, there had been only a single case reported in the literature. We report a case of small bowel obstruction secondary to an interparietal trocar site incisional hernia after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Meticulous closure of 8 mm robotic trocar sites associated with large peritoneal defect at the end of surgery should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lim
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
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27
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Sung Shim J, Do Choi Y. Direct regulation of WRKY70 by AtMYB44 in plant defense responses. Plant Signal Behav 2013; 8:e20783. [PMID: 23603962 PMCID: PMC3909027 DOI: 10.4161/psb.24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cross-talk between hormones is required for plant response to developmental cues and environmental stresses. This cross-talk is achieved through several regulators located in convergence point of distinct hormonal signaling. In plant defense responses, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid affect each other in antagonistic manner. In a recent study we showed that AtMYB44 transcription factor positively regulates SA-mediated defense expression and enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000. On the other hand, AtMYB44 negatively regulates expression of JA-mediated defense gene expression and downregulated resistance to Alternaria brassicicola. Effects of AtMYB44 in SA- and JA-mediated defense responses were achieved through direct regulation of WRKY70 expression which acts as an integrator of cross-talk between SA and JA in plant defense responses. Here we provide further evidence that AtMYB44 regulates defense responses by transcriptional activation of downstream gene, WRKY70. This result shows that AtMYB44 is an integrator of cross-talk between SA and JA in plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Shim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Seoul National University; Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Seoul National University; Seoul, Korea
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28
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Cho KS, Park CW, Kim CK, Jeon HY, Kim WG, Lee SJ, Kim YM, Lee JY, Choi YD. Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:503-7. [PMID: 23708462 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have promoted the root-derived Korean red ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng) as alternative treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), and ginsenosides are known to be the principal active ingredients of ginseng. Recent studies showed that ginseng berries produce more ginsenosides than KRG; thus, we investigated the ability of the Korean ginseng berry extract GB0710 to relax the penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) in this study. As a comparative control, the results were compared to those obtained using KRG. In addition, possible mechanisms of action for GB0710 were investigated. While KRG and GB0710 both displayed dose-dependent relaxation effects on precontracted rabbit CCSM in vitro, GB0710 was shown to be more potent than KRG. The GB0710-induced relaxation could be partially reduced by removing the endothelium. In addition, pre-treatment with several nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors significantly inhibited the relaxation of muscle strips. Furthermore, administration of GB0710 increased intracavernosal pressure (ICP) in a rat in vivo model in both a dose- and duration-dependent manner. Intracellular NO production in human microvascular endothelial cells could be induced by GB0710 and inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine. In conclusion, GB0710 had a greater relaxation effect on rabbit CCSM than did KRG extract, and increased ICP in a rat model in both a dose- and a duration-dependent manner. This relaxing effect might be mediated by NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Cho
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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29
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Seo JS, Koo YJ, Jung C, Yeu SY, Song JT, Kim JK, Choi Y, Lee JS, Do Choi Y. Identification of a novel jasmonate-responsive element in the AtJMT promoter and its binding protein for AtJMT repression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55482. [PMID: 23393583 PMCID: PMC3564755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are important regulators of plant biotic and abiotic stress responses and development. AtJMT in Arabidopsis thaliana and BcNTR1 in Brassica campestris encode jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferases, which catalyze methyl jasmonate (MeJA) biosynthesis and are involved in JA signaling. Their expression is induced by MeJA application. To understand its regulatory mechanism, here we define a novel JA-responsive cis-element (JARE), G(C)TCCTGA, in the AtJMT and BcNTR1 promoters, by promoter deletion analysis and Yeast 1-Hybrid (Y1H) assays; the JARE is distinct from other JA-responsive cis-elements previously reported. We also used Y1H screening to identify a trans-acting factor, AtBBD1, which binds to the JARE and interacts with AtJAZ1 and AtJAZ4. Knockout and overexpression analyses showed that AtBBD1 and its close homologue AtBBD2 are functionally redundant and act as negative regulators of AtJMT expression. However, AtBBD1 positively regulated the JA-responsive expression of JR2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation from knockout and overexpression plants revealed that repression of AtJMT is associated with reduced histone acetylation in the promoter region containing the JARE. These results show that AtBBD1 interacts with JAZ proteins, binds to the JARE and represses AtJMT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Jong Koo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choonkyun Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Yion Yeu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yeonhee Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Seob Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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30
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Shim JS, Jung C, Lee S, Min K, Lee YW, Choi Y, Lee JS, Song JT, Kim JK, Choi YD. AtMYB44 regulates WRKY70 expression and modulates antagonistic interaction between salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling. Plant J 2013; 73:483-95. [PMID: 23067202 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of AtMYB44, an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, in signaling mediated by jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) is examined. AtMYB44 is induced by JA through CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1). AtMYB44 over-expression down-regulated defense responses against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria brassicicola, but up-regulated WRKY70 and PR genes, leading to enhanced resistance to the biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The knockout mutant atmyb44 shows opposite effects. Induction of WRKY70 by SA is reduced in atmyb44 and npr1-1 mutants, and is totally abolished in atmyb44 npr1-1 double mutants, showing that WRKY70 is regulated independently through both NPR1 and AtMYB44. AtMYB44 over-expression does not change SA content, but AtMYB44 over-expression phenotypes, such as retarded growth, up-regulated PR1 and down-regulated PDF1.2 are reversed by SA depletion. The wrky70 mutation suppressed AtMYB44 over-expression phenotypes, including up-regulation of PR1 expression and down-regulation of PDF1.2 expression. β-estradiol-induced expression of AtMYB44 led to WRKY70 activation and thus PR1 activation. AtMYB44 binds to the WRKY70 promoter region, indicating that AtMYB44 acts as a transcriptional activator of WRKY70 by directly binding to a conserved sequence element in the WRKY70 promoter. These results demonstrate that AtMYB44 modulates antagonistic interaction by activating SA-mediated defenses and repressing JA-mediated defenses through direct control of WRKY70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Shim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
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Lee HY, Seo JS, Cho JH, Jung H, Kim JK, Lee JS, Rhee S, Do Choi Y. Oryza sativa COI homologues restore jasmonate signal transduction in Arabidopsis coi1-1 mutants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52802. [PMID: 23320078 PMCID: PMC3540053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex component that interacts with JAZ proteins and targets them for degradation in response to JA signaling. The Arabidopsis genome has a single copy of COI1, but the Oryza sativa genome has three closely related COI homologs. To examine the functions of the three OsCOIs, we used yeast two-hybrid assays to examine their interactions with JAZ proteins and found that OsCOIs interacted with OsJAZs and with JAZs, in a coronatine dependent manner. We also tested whether OsCOI1a and OsCOI1b could complement Arabidopsis coi1-1 mutants and found that overexpression of either gene in the coi1-1 mutant resulted in restoration of JA signal transduction and production of seeds, indicating successful complementation. Although OsCOI2 interacted with a few OsJAZs, we were not able to successfully complement the coi1-1 mutant with OsCOI2. Molecular modeling revealed that the three OsCOIs adopt 3D structures similar to COI1. Structural differences resulting from amino acid variations, especially among amino acid residues involved in the interaction with coronatine and JAZ proteins, were tested by mutation analysis. When His-391 in OsCOI2 was substituted with Tyr-391, OsCOI2 interacted with a wider range of JAZ proteins, including OsJAZ1, 2, 5∼9 and 11, and complemented coi1-1 mutants at a higher frequency than the other OsCOIs and COI1. These results indicate that the three OsCOIs are orthologues of COI1 and play key roles in JA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Seok Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Hee Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Harin Jung
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jong Seob Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangkee Rhee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Jeong JS, Kim YS, Redillas MCFR, Jang G, Jung H, Bang SW, Choi YD, Ha SH, Reuzeau C, Kim JK. OsNAC5 overexpression enlarges root diameter in rice plants leading to enhanced drought tolerance and increased grain yield in the field. Plant Biotechnol J 2013; 11:101-14. [PMID: 23094910 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Drought conditions are among the most serious challenges to crop production worldwide. Here, we report the results of field evaluations of transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsNAC5, under the control of either the root-specific (RCc3) or constitutive (GOS2) promoters. Field evaluations over three growing seasons revealed that the grain yield of the RCc3:OsNAC5 and GOS2:OsNAC5 plants were increased by 9%-23% and 9%-26% under normal conditions, respectively. Under drought conditions, however, RCc3:OsNAC5 plants showed a significantly higher grain yield of 22%-63%, whilst the GOS2:OsNAC5 plants showed a reduced or similar yield to the nontransgenic (NT) controls. Both the RCc3:OsNAC5 and GOS2:OsNAC5 plants were found to have larger roots due to an enlarged stele and aerenchyma at flowering stage. Cell numbers per cortex layer and stele of developing roots were higher in both transgenic plants than NT controls, contributing to the increase in root diameter. The root diameter was enlarged to a greater extent in the RCc3:OsNAC5, suggesting the importance of this phenotype for enhanced drought tolerance. Microarray experiments identified 25 up-regulated genes by more than three-fold (P < 0.01) in the roots of both transgenic lines. Also identified were 19 and 18 up-regulated genes that are specific to the RCc3:OsNAC5 and GOS2:OsNAC5 roots, respectively. Of the genes specifically up-regulated in the RCc3:OsNAC5 roots, GLP, PDX, MERI5 and O-methyltransferase were implicated in root growth and development. Our present findings demonstrate that the root-specific overexpression of OsNAC5 enlarges roots significantly and thereby enhances drought tolerance and grain yield under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seo Jeong
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
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Choi YD, Park CW, Jang J, Kim SH, Jeon HY, Kim WG, Lee SJ, Chung WS. Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract on sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study. Int J Impot Res 2012; 25:45-50. [PMID: 23254461 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2012.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng is beneficial for many aspects of human physiology, including sexual function. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy and safety of an extract of ginseng berry, which has a ginsenoside profile distinct from other parts of the plant, on sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction. In all, 119 men with mild-to-moderate ED participated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical study. They were administered 4 tablets of either standardized Korean ginseng berry (SKGB, 350 mg ginseng berry extract per tablet), or placebo, daily, for 8 weeks. Efficacy was assessed with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-15 and premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) at the end of the 4th and 8th week. We observed that the total and each of the individual domain scores of IIEF-15 increased from 40.95 ± 7.05 to 46.19 ± 12.69 significantly in the SKGB by the 8th week (P<0.05). The erectile function domain of IIEF changed slightly from 17.17 ± 2.57 to 18.59 ± 5.99 in the SKGB group by the 8th week (P<0.05). In addition, PEDT scores significantly improved from 9.14 ± 4.57 to 7.97 ± 4.4 and 7.53 ± 4.26 in the SKGB group after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). Safety markers including hormone and lipid in the blood were assessed at the end of the 4th and 8th week and they remained unchanged. Oral administration of the SKGB extract improved all domains of sexual function. It can be used as an alternative medicine to improve sexual life in men with sexual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Choi
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Jung C, Kim YK, Oh NI, Shim JS, Seo JS, Choi YD, Nahm BH, Cheong JJ. Quadruple 9-mer-based protein binding microarray analysis confirms AACnG as the consensus nucleotide sequence sufficient for the specific binding of AtMYB44. Mol Cells 2012; 34:531-7. [PMID: 23161171 PMCID: PMC3887824 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AtMYB44 is a member of the R2R3 MYB subgroup 22 transcription factors and regulates diverse cellular responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. We performed quadruple 9-merbased protein binding microarray (PBM) analysis, which revealed that full-size AtMYB44 recognized and bound to the consensus sequence AACnG, where n represents A, G, C or T. The consensus sequence was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with a truncated AtMYB44 protein containing the N-terminal side R2R3 domain. This result indicates that the R2R3 domain alone is sufficient to exhibit AtMYB44 binding specificity. The sequence AACnG is the type I binding site for MYB transcription factors, including all members of the subgroup 22. EMSA showed that the R2R3 domain protein binds in vitro to promoters of randomly selected Arabidopsis genes that contain the consensus binding sequence. This implies that AtMYB44 binds to any promoter region that contains the consensus sequence, without determining their functional activity or specificity. The C-terminal side transcriptional activation domain of AtMYB44 contains an asparagine-rich fragment, NINNTTSSRHNHNN (aa 215-228), which, among the members of subgroup 22, is unique to AtMYB44. A transcriptional activation assay in yeast showed that this fragment is included in a region (aa 200-240) critical for the ability of AtMYB44 to function as a transcriptional activator. We hypothesize that the C-terminal side of the protein, but not the N-terminal side of the R2R3 domain, contributes to the functional activity and specificity of AtMYB44 through interactions with other regulators generated by each of a variety of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choonkyun Jung
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Yeon-Ki Kim
- Genomics Genetics Institute, GreenGene Biotech Inc., Yongin 449-728,
Korea
| | - Nam Iee Oh
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Jun Sung Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Baek Hie Nahm
- Genomics Genetics Institute, GreenGene Biotech Inc., Yongin 449-728,
Korea
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728,
Korea
| | - Jong-Joo Cheong
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
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Park SH, Chung PJ, Juntawong P, Bailey-Serres J, Kim YS, Jung H, Bang SW, Kim YK, Do Choi Y, Kim JK. Posttranscriptional control of photosynthetic mRNA decay under stress conditions requires 3' and 5' untranslated regions and correlates with differential polysome association in rice. Plant Physiol 2012; 159:1111-24. [PMID: 22566494 PMCID: PMC3387698 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.194928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, and temperature extremes, regulates gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Expression profiling of total messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from rice (Oryza sativa) leaves grown under stress conditions revealed that the transcript levels of photosynthetic genes are reduced more rapidly than others, a phenomenon referred to as stress-induced mRNA decay (SMD). By comparing RNA polymerase II engagement with the steady-state mRNA level, we show here that SMD is a posttranscriptional event. The SMD of photosynthetic genes was further verified by measuring the half-lives of the small subunit of Rubisco (RbcS1) and Chlorophyll a/b-Binding Protein1 (Cab1) mRNAs during stress conditions in the presence of the transcription inhibitor cordycepin. To discern any correlation between SMD and the process of translation, changes in total and polysome-associated mRNA levels after stress were measured. Total and polysome-associated mRNA levels of two photosynthetic (RbcS1 and Cab1) and two stress-inducible (Dehydration Stress-Inducible Protein1 and Salt-Induced Protein) genes were found to be markedly similar. This demonstrated the importance of polysome association for transcript stability under stress conditions. Microarray experiments performed on total and polysomal mRNAs indicate that approximately half of all mRNAs that undergo SMD remain polysome associated during stress treatments. To delineate the functional determinant(s) of mRNAs responsible for SMD, the RbcS1 and Cab1 transcripts were dissected into several components. The expressions of different combinations of the mRNA components were analyzed under stress conditions, revealing that both 3' and 5' untranslated regions are necessary for SMD. Our results, therefore, suggest that the posttranscriptional control of photosynthetic mRNA decay under stress conditions requires both 3' and 5' untranslated regions and correlates with differential polysome association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Park
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (S.-H.P., P.J.C., Y.S.K., H.J., S.W.B., J.-K.K.); Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 (P.J.C.); Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (P.J., J.B.-S.); GreenGene Biotech, Inc., Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (Y.-K.K.); and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea (Y.D.C.)
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (S.-H.P., P.J.C., Y.S.K., H.J., S.W.B., J.-K.K.); Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 (P.J.C.); Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (P.J., J.B.-S.); GreenGene Biotech, Inc., Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (Y.-K.K.); and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea (Y.D.C.)
| | - Piyada Juntawong
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (S.-H.P., P.J.C., Y.S.K., H.J., S.W.B., J.-K.K.); Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 (P.J.C.); Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (P.J., J.B.-S.); GreenGene Biotech, Inc., Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (Y.-K.K.); and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea (Y.D.C.)
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (S.-H.P., P.J.C., Y.S.K., H.J., S.W.B., J.-K.K.); Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 (P.J.C.); Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (P.J., J.B.-S.); GreenGene Biotech, Inc., Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (Y.-K.K.); and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea (Y.D.C.)
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (S.-H.P., P.J.C., Y.S.K., H.J., S.W.B., J.-K.K.); Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 (P.J.C.); Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (P.J., J.B.-S.); GreenGene Biotech, Inc., Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (Y.-K.K.); and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea (Y.D.C.)
| | - Harin Jung
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (S.-H.P., P.J.C., Y.S.K., H.J., S.W.B., J.-K.K.); Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 (P.J.C.); Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (P.J., J.B.-S.); GreenGene Biotech, Inc., Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (Y.-K.K.); and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea (Y.D.C.)
| | - Seung Woon Bang
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (S.-H.P., P.J.C., Y.S.K., H.J., S.W.B., J.-K.K.); Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 (P.J.C.); Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (P.J., J.B.-S.); GreenGene Biotech, Inc., Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (Y.-K.K.); and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea (Y.D.C.)
| | - Yeon-Ki Kim
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (S.-H.P., P.J.C., Y.S.K., H.J., S.W.B., J.-K.K.); Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 (P.J.C.); Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (P.J., J.B.-S.); GreenGene Biotech, Inc., Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (Y.-K.K.); and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea (Y.D.C.)
| | - Yang Do Choi
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (S.-H.P., P.J.C., Y.S.K., H.J., S.W.B., J.-K.K.); Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 (P.J.C.); Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (P.J., J.B.-S.); GreenGene Biotech, Inc., Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (Y.-K.K.); and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea (Y.D.C.)
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (S.-H.P., P.J.C., Y.S.K., H.J., S.W.B., J.-K.K.); Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 (P.J.C.); Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (P.J., J.B.-S.); GreenGene Biotech, Inc., Myongji University, Yongin 449–728, Korea (Y.-K.K.); and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea (Y.D.C.)
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Roh H, Jeong CW, Fujioka S, Kim YK, Lee S, Ahn JH, Do Choi Y, Lee JS. Genetic evidence for the reduction of brassinosteroid levels by a BAHD acyltransferase-like protein in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2012; 159:696-709. [PMID: 22544867 PMCID: PMC3375935 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.197202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of steroidal hormones involved in plant development. Although the BR biosynthesis pathways are well characterized, the BR inactivation process, which contributes to BR homeostasis, is less understood. Here, we show that a member of the BAHD (for benzylalcohol O-acetyltransferase, anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase, and deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase) acyltransferase family may play a role in BR homeostasis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We isolated two gain-of-function mutants, brassinosteroid inactivator1-1Dominant (bia1-1D) and bia1-2D, in which a novel BAHD acyltransferase-like protein was transcriptionally activated. Both mutants exhibited dwarfism, reduced male fertility, and deetiolation in darkness, which are typical phenotypes of plants defective in BR biosynthesis. Exogenous BR treatment rescued the phenotypes of the bia1-1D mutant. Endogenous levels of BRs were reduced in the bia1-1D mutant, demonstrating that BIA1 regulates endogenous BR levels. When grown in darkness, the bia1 loss-of-function mutant showed a longer hypocotyl phenotype and was more responsive to exogenous BR treatment than the wild-type plant. BIA1 expression was predominantly observed in the root, where low levels of BRs were detected. These results indicate that the BAHD acyltransferase family member encoded by BIA1 plays a role in controlling BR levels, particularly in the root and hypocotyl in darkness. Taken together, our study provides new insights into a mechanism that maintains BR homeostasis in Arabidopsis, likely via acyl conjugation of BRs.
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Seo JS, Joo J, Kim MJ, Kim YK, Nahm BH, Song SI, Cheong JJ, Lee JS, Kim JK, Choi YD. OsbHLH148, a basic helix-loop-helix protein, interacts with OsJAZ proteins in a jasmonate signaling pathway leading to drought tolerance in rice. Plant J 2011; 65:907-21. [PMID: 21332845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates play important roles in development, stress responses and defense in plants. Here, we report the results of a study using a functional genomics approach that identified a rice basic helix-loop-helix domain gene, OsbHLH148, that conferred drought tolerance as a component of the jasmonate signaling module in rice. OsbHLH148 transcript levels were rapidly increased by treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or abscisic acid, and abiotic stresses including dehydration, high salinity, low temperature and wounding. Transgenic over-expression of OsbHLH148 in rice confers plant tolerance to drought stress. Expression profiling followed by DNA microarray and RNA gel-blot analyses of transgenic versus wild-type rice identified genes that are up-regulated by OsbHLH148 over-expression. These include OsDREB and OsJAZ genes that are involved in stress responses and the jasmonate signaling pathway, respectively. OsJAZ1, a rice ZIM domain protein, interacted with OsbHLH148 in yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays, but it interacted with the putative OsCOI1 only in the presence of coronatine. Furthermore, the OsJAZ1 protein was degraded by rice and Arabidopsis extracts in the presence of coronatine, and its degradation was inhibited by MG132, a 26S proteasome inhibitor, suggesting 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of OsJAZ1 via the SCF(OsCOI1) complex. The transcription level of OsJAZ1 increased upon exposure of rice to MeJA. These results show that OsJAZ1 could act as a transcriptional regulator of the OsbHLH148-related jasmonate signaling pathway leading to drought tolerance. Thus, our study suggests that OsbHLH148 acts on an initial response of jasmonate-regulated gene expression toward drought tolerance, constituting the OsbHLH148-OsJAZ-OsCOI1 signaling module in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Seok Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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Kang WD, Heo SH, Choi YD, Choi HS, Kim SM. Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the uterine cervix in a woman presenting with postmenopausal bleeding: a case report and literature review. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2011; 32:359-361. [PMID: 21797137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) of the uterine cervix is a rare mesenchymal malignancy that occurs in adolescents and young adults. CASE REPORT A 52-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with profuse vaginal bleeding of one month's duration with severe anemia. The pelvic examination revealed a 3 cm mass on the posterior lip of the uterine cervix. On magnetic resonance imaging, the tumor had high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. A modified radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. Immunohistochemical staining for TFE3 and electron microscopic examination revealed an ASPS of the uterine cervix. DISCUSSION The better prognosis of cervical ASPS, compared to the soft counterparts, may be related to early clinical detection, small size, resectability, and demarcation of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Yi N, Kim YS, Jeong MH, Oh SJ, Jeong JS, Park SH, Jung H, Choi YD, Kim JK. Functional analysis of six drought-inducible promoters in transgenic rice plants throughout all stages of plant growth. Planta 2010; 232:743-54. [PMID: 20567981 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
There are few efficient promoters for use with stress-inducible gene expression in plants, and in particular for monocotyledonous crops. Here, we report the identification of six genes, Rab21, Wsi18, Lea3, Uge1, Dip1, and R1G1B that were induced by drought stress in rice microarray experiments. Gene promoters were linked to the gfp reporter and their activities were analyzed in transgenic rice plants throughout all stages of plant growth, from dry seeds to vegetative tissues to flowers, both before and after drought treatments. In fold induction levels, Rab21 and Wsi18 promoters ranged from 65- and 36-fold in leaves to 1,355- and 492-fold in flowers, respectively, whereas Lea3 and Uge1 were higher in leaves, but lower in roots and flowers, as compared with Rab21 and Wsi18. Dip1 and R1G1B promoters had higher basal levels of activity under normal growth conditions in all tissues, resulting in smaller fold-induction levels than those of the others. In drought treatment time course, activities of Dip1 and R1G1B promoters rapidly increased, peaked at 2 h, and remained constant until 8 h, while that of Lea3 slowly yet steadily increased until 8 h. Interestingly, Rab21 activity increased rapidly and steadily in response to drought stress until expression peaked at 8 h. Thus, we have isolated and characterized six rice promoters that are all distinct in fold induction, tissue specificity, and induction kinetics under drought conditions, providing a variety of drought-inducible promoters for crop biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Yi
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
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Je BI, Piao HL, Park SJ, Park SH, Kim CM, Xuan YH, Park SH, Huang J, Do Choi Y, An G, Wong HL, Fujioka S, Kim MC, Shimamoto K, Han CD. RAV-Like1 maintains brassinosteroid homeostasis via the coordinated activation of BRI1 and biosynthetic genes in rice. Plant Cell 2010; 22:1777-91. [PMID: 20581303 PMCID: PMC2910978 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.069575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Temporal and spatial variation in the levels of and sensitivity to hormones are essential for the development of higher organisms. Traditionally, end-product feedback regulation has been considered as the key mechanism for the achievement of cellular homeostasis. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones that are perceived by the cell surface receptor kinase Brassinosteroid Insensitive1. Binding of these hormones to the receptor activates BR signaling and eventually suppresses BR synthesis. This report shows that RAVL1 regulates the expression of the BR receptor. Furthermore, RAVL1 is also required for the expression of the BR biosynthetic genes D2, D11, and BRD1 that are subject to BR negative feedback. Activation by RAVL1 was coordinated via E-box cis-elements in the promoters of the receptor and biosynthetic genes. Also, RAVL1 is necessary for the response of these genes to changes in cellular BR homeostasis. Genetic evidence is presented to strengthen the observation that the primary action of RAVL1 mediates the expression of genes involved in BR signaling and biosynthesis. This study thus describes a regulatory circuit modulating the homeostasis of BR in which RAVL1 ensures the basal activity of both the signaling and the biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Il Je
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Hai Long Piao
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Sung Han Park
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-857, Korea
| | - Chul Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Jin Huang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Crop Biotechnology Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Hann Ling Wong
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Shozo Fujioka
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Ko Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Chang-deok Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
- Address correspondence to
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Park SH, Yi N, Kim YS, Jeong MH, Bang SW, Choi YD, Kim JK. Analysis of five novel putative constitutive gene promoters in transgenic rice plants. J Exp Bot 2010; 61:2459-67. [PMID: 20363869 PMCID: PMC2877896 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Novel constitutive gene promoters are essential components of crop biotechnology. Our analysis of five such promoters, APX, SCP1, PGD1, R1G1B, and EIF5, in transgenic rice plants is reported here. The five promoter regions were linked to the gfp reporter gene and transformed into rice. Using fluorescent microscopy and q-RT-PCR, promoter activities were analysed in comparison with OsCc1, Act1, and ZmUbi1, previously characterized as strong constitutive promoters. The APX and PGD1 promoters direct high levels of gene expression in all tissues and stages, producing GFP at levels of up to 1.3% of the total soluble protein. PGD1 is particularly active in flowers and mature roots. The R1G1B is active in the whole grain including the embryo, endosperm, and aleurone layer, and thus represents a constitutive promoter with activity in whole seeds that has not been described previously. The ZmUbi1 and R1G1B promoters are markedly less active in young roots and mature leaves whilst the APX, PGD1, OsCc1, and Act1 promoters are highly active in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. Overall, our results demonstrate that APX, PGD1, and R1G1B are novel gene promoters that are highly active at all stages of plant growth with distinct levels of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Park
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Nari Yi
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Jeong
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Bang
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Jeong JS, Kim YS, Baek KH, Jung H, Ha SH, Do Choi Y, Kim M, Reuzeau C, Kim JK. Root-specific expression of OsNAC10 improves drought tolerance and grain yield in rice under field drought conditions. Plant Physiol 2010; 153:185-97. [PMID: 20335401 PMCID: PMC2862432 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.154773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought poses a serious threat to the sustainability of rice (Oryza sativa) yields in rain-fed agriculture. Here, we report the results of a functional genomics approach that identified a rice NAC (an acronym for NAM [No Apical Meristem], ATAF1-2, and CUC2 [Cup-Shaped Cotyledon]) domain gene, OsNAC10, which improved performance of transgenic rice plants under field drought conditions. Of the 140 OsNAC genes predicted in rice, 18 were identified to be induced by stress conditions. Phylogenic analysis of the 18 OsNAC genes revealed the presence of three subgroups with distinct signature motifs. A group of OsNAC genes were prescreened for enhanced stress tolerance when overexpressed in rice. OsNAC10, one of the effective members selected from prescreening, is expressed predominantly in roots and panicles and induced by drought, high salinity, and abscisic acid. Overexpression of OsNAC10 in rice under the control of the constitutive promoter GOS2 and the root-specific promoter RCc3 increased the plant tolerance to drought, high salinity, and low temperature at the vegetative stage. More importantly, the RCc3:OsNAC10 plants showed significantly enhanced drought tolerance at the reproductive stage, increasing grain yield by 25% to 42% and by 5% to 14% over controls in the field under drought and normal conditions, respectively. Grain yield of GOS2:OsNAC10 plants in the field, in contrast, remained similar to that of controls under both normal and drought conditions. These differences in performance under field drought conditions reflect the differences in expression of OsNAC10-dependent target genes in roots as well as in leaves of the two transgenic plants, as revealed by microarray analyses. Root diameter of the RCc3:OsNAC10 plants was thicker by 1.25-fold than that of the GOS2:OsNAC10 and nontransgenic plants due to the enlarged stele, cortex, and epidermis. Overall, our results demonstrated that root-specific overexpression of OsNAC10 enlarges roots, enhancing drought tolerance of transgenic plants, which increases grain yield significantly under field drought conditions.
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Jung C, Shim JS, Seo JS, Lee HY, Kim CH, Choi YD, Cheong JJ. Non-specific phytohormonal induction of AtMYB44 and suppression of jasmonate-responsive gene activation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Cells 2010; 29:71-6. [PMID: 20016937 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor gene AtMYB44 was induced within 10 min by treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Wound-induced expression of the gene was observed in local leaves, but not in distal leaves, illustrating jasmonate-independent induction at wound sites. AtMYB44 expression was not abolished in Arabidopsis mutants insensitive to jasmonate (coi1), ethylene (etr1), or abscisic acid (abi3-1) when treated with the corresponding hormones. Moreover, various growth hormones and sugars also induced rapid AtMYB44 transcript accumulation. Thus, AtMYB44 gene activation appears to not be induced by any specific hormone. MeJA-induced activation of jasmonate-responsive genes such as JR2, VSP, LOXII, and AOS was attenuated in transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the gene (35S:AtMYB44), but significantly enhanced in atmyb44 knockout mutants. The 35S:MYB44 and atmyb44 plants did not show defectiveness in MeJA-induced primary root growth inhibition, indicating that the differences in jasmonate-responsive gene expression observed was not due to alterations in the jasmonate signaling pathway. 35S:AtMYB44 seedlings exhibited slightly elevated chlorophyll levels and less jasmonate- induced anthocyanin accumulation, demonstrating suppression of jasmonate-mediated responses and enhancement of ABA-mediated responses. These observations support the hypothesis of mutual antagonistic actions between jasmonate- and abscisic acid-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choonkyun Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
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Choi Y, Jeong CW, Ohr H, Song SK, Choi YD, Lee JS. Developmental and environmental regulation of soybean SE60 gene expression during embryogenesis and germination. Planta 2009; 230:959-71. [PMID: 19690885 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-0999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soybean SE60 belongs to the gamma-thionin family of proteins. We recently demonstrated that SE60 plays a role in defense during soybean development. Here, we show that SE60 is expressed in a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated manner. The expression of SE60 is distinct from that of the glycinin (Gy2) and extensin (SbHRGP3) genes of soybean during embryogenesis and germination. A SE60::GUS(-809) transgene, comprising -809 bp of the 5'-flanking region of SE60 fused to the GUS reporter gene, was expressed specifically in developing embryos, but not in the endosperms, from the globular stage of transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis seeds. Furthermore, light affected the SE60::GUS(-809) expression pattern in germinating seedlings. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that soybean nuclear proteins as well as E. coli-expressed SB16, a high mobility group protein (HMG), were bound sequence-specifically to the fragment containing AT-rich motifs identified in the SE60 promoter. Interestingly, the soybean nuclear proteins binding to the two G-boxes and RY repeat were prevalent in seeds of 2-4 mm in size. In contrast, the nuclear proteins binding to the AT-rich motif and SE60 RNA expression were more prominent in seeds of 4-6 mm in size. Therefore, we propose that factors binding to the G-boxes or RY repeat initiate SE60 expression during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea.
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Kim MJ, Lee TH, Pahk YM, Kim YH, Park HM, Choi YD, Nahm BH, Kim YK. Quadruple 9-mer-based protein binding microarray with DsRed fusion protein. BMC Mol Biol 2009; 10:91. [PMID: 19761621 PMCID: PMC2754467 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between a transcription factor and DNA motif (cis-acting element) is an important regulatory step in gene regulation. Comprehensive genome-wide methods have been developed to characterize protein-DNA interactions. Recently, the universal protein binding microarray (PBM) was introduced to determine if a DNA motif interacts with proteins in a genome-wide manner. RESULTS We facilitated the PBM technology using a DsRed fluorescent protein and a concatenated sequence of oligonucleotides. The PBM was designed in such a way that target probes were synthesized as quadruples of all possible 9-mer combinations, permitting unequivocal interpretation of the cis-acting elements. The complimentary DNA strands of the features were synthesized with a primer and DNA polymerase on microarray slides. Proteins were labeled via N-terminal fusion with DsRed fluorescent protein, which circumvents the need for a multi-step incubation. The PBM presented herein confirmed the well-known DNA binding sequences of Cbf1 and CBF1/DREB1B, and it was also applied to elucidate the unidentified cis-acting element of the OsNAC6 rice transcription factor. CONCLUSION Our method demonstrated PBM can be conveniently performed by adopting: (1) quadruple 9-mers may increase protein-DNA binding interactions in the microarray, and (2) a one-step incubation shortens the wash and hybridization steps. This technology will facilitate greater understanding of genome-wide interactions between proteins and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- GreenGene Biotech Inc, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea.
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Song JT, Koo YJ, Park JB, Seo YJ, Cho YJ, Seo HS, Choi YD. The expression patterns of AtBSMT1 and AtSAGT1 encoding a salicylic acid (SA) methyltransferase and a SA glucosyltransferase, respectively, in Arabidopsis plants with altered defense responses. Mol Cells 2009; 28:105-9. [PMID: 19669626 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that overexpression of a salicylic acid (SA) methyltransferase1 gene from rice (OsBSMT1) or a SA glucosyltransferase1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSAGT1) leads to increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae due to reduced SA levels. To further examine their roles in the defense responses, we assayed the transcript levels of AtBSMT1 or AtSAGT1 in plants with altered levels of SA and/or other defense components. These data showed that AtSAGT1 expression is regulated partially by SA, or non-expressor of pathogenesis related protein1, whereas AtBSMT1 expression was induced in SA-deficient mutant plants. In addition, we produced the transgenic Arabidopsis plants with RNAi-mediated inhibition of AtSAGT1 and isolated a null mutant of AtBSMT1 and then analyzed their phenotypes. A T-DNA insertion mutation in the AtBSMT1 resulted in reduced methyl salicylate (MeSA) levels upon P. syringae infection. However, accumulation of SA and glucosyl SA was similar in both the atbsmt1 and wild-type plants, indicating the presence of another SA methyltransferase or an alternative pathway for MeSA production. The AtSAGT1-RNAi line exhibited no altered phenotypes upon pathogen infection, compared to wild-type plants, suggesting that (an)other SA glucosyltransferase(s) in Arabidopsis plants may be important for the pathogenesis of P. syringae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea.
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Kim EH, Kim YS, Park SH, Koo YJ, Choi YD, Chung YY, Lee IJ, Kim JK. Methyl jasmonate reduces grain yield by mediating stress signals to alter spikelet development in rice. Plant Physiol 2009; 149:1751-60. [PMID: 19211695 PMCID: PMC2663756 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.134684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in plant development and the defense response. Transgenic overexpression of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase gene (AtJMT) linked to the Ubi1 promoter increased levels of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) by 6-fold in young panicles. Grain yield was greatly reduced in Ubi1:AtJMT plants due to a lower numbers of spikelets and lower filling rates than were observed for nontransgenic (NT) controls. Ubi1:AtJMT plants had altered numbers of spikelet organs, including the lemma/palea, lodicule, anther, and pistil. The loss of grain yield and alteration in spikelet organ numbers were reproduced by treating NT plants with exogenous MeJA, indicating that increased levels of MeJA in Ubi1:AtJMT panicles inhibited spikelet development. Interestingly, MeJA levels were increased by 19-fold in young NT panicles upon exposure to drought conditions, resulting in a loss of grain yield that was similar to that observed in Ubi1:AtJMT plants. Levels of abscisic acid (ABA) were increased by 1.9- and 1.4-fold in Ubi1:AtJMT and drought-treated NT panicles, respectively. The ABA increase in Ubi1:AtJMT panicles grown in nondrought conditions suggests that MeJA, rather than drought stress, induces ABA biosynthesis under drought conditions. Using microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses, we identified seven genes that were regulated in both Ubi1:AtJMT and drought-treated NT panicles. Two genes, OsJMT1 and OsSDR (for short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase), are involved in MeJA and ABA biosynthesis, respectively, in rice (Oryza sativa). Overall, our results suggest that plants produce MeJA during drought stress, which in turn stimulates the production of ABA, together leading to a loss of grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Kim
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
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Lyou SH, Park HJ, Jung C, Sohn HB, Lee G, Kim CH, Kim M, Choi YD, Cheong JJ. The Arabidopsis AtLEC gene encoding a lectin-like protein is up-regulated by multiple stimuli including developmental signal, wounding, jasmonate, ethylene, and chitin elicitor. Mol Cells 2009; 27:75-81. [PMID: 19214436 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis gene AtLEC (At3g15356) gene encodes a putative 30-kDa protein with a legume lectin-like domain. Likely to classic legume lectin family of genes, AtLEC is expressed in rosette leaves, primary inflorescences, and roots, as observed in Northern blot analysis. The accumulation of AtLEC transcript is induced very rapidly, within 30 min, by chitin, a fungal wall-derived oligosaccharide elictor of the plant defense response. Transgenic Arabidopsis carrying an AtLEC promoter-driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) construct exhibited GUS activity in the leaf veins, secondary inflorescences, carpel heads, and silique receptacles, in which no expression could be seen in Northern blot analysis. This observation suggests that AtLEC expression is induced transiently and locally during developmental processes in the absence of an external signal such as chitin. In addition, mechanically wounded sites showed strong GUS activity, indicating that the AtLEC promoter responds to jasmonate. Indeed, methyl jasmonate and ethylene exposure induced AtLEC expression within 3-6 h. Thus, the gene appears to play a role in the jasmonate-/ethylene-responsive, in addition to the chitin-elicited, defense responses. However, chitin-induced AtLEC expression was also observed in jasmonate-insensitive (coi1) and ethylene-insensitive (etr1-1) Arabidopsis mutants. Thus, it appears that chitin promotes AtLEC expression via a jasmonate- and/or ethylene-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Hyun Lyou
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
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Choi Y, Choi YD, Lee JS. Antimicrobial activity of gamma-thionin-like soybean SE60 in E. coli and tobacco plants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 375:230-4. [PMID: 18700134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The SE60, a low molecular weight, sulfur-rich protein in soybean, is known to be homologous to wheat gamma-purothionin. To elucidate the functional role of SE60, we expressed SE60 cDNA in Escherichia coli and in tobacco plants. A single protein band was detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) after anti-FLAG affinity purification of the protein from transformed E. coli. While the control E. coli cells harboring pFLAG-1 showed standard growth with Isopropyl beta-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction, E. coli cells expressing the SE60 fusion protein did not grow at all, suggesting that SE60 has toxic effects on E. coli growth. Genomic integration and the expression of transgene in the transgenic tobacco plants were confirmed by Southern and Northern blot analysis, respectively. The transgenic plants demonstrated enhanced resistance against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that SE60 has antimicrobial activity and play a role in the defense mechanism in soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea.
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Seo JS, An JH, Cheong JJ, Choi YD, Kim CH. Bifunctional recombinant fusion enzyme between maltooligosyltrehalose synthase and maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase of thermophilic microorganism Metallosphaera hakonensis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 18:1544-1549. [PMID: 18852510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
MhMTS and MhMTH are trehalose (alpha-D-glucopyranosyl- [1,1]-alpha-D-glucopyranose) biosynthesis genes of the thermophilic microorganism Metallosphaera hakonensis, and encode a maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (MhMTS) and a maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (MhMTH), respectively. In this study, the two genes were fused inframe in a recombinant DNA, and expressed in Escherichia coli to produce a bifunctional fusion enzyme, MhMTSH. Similar to the two-step reactions with MhMTS and MhMTH, the fusion enzyme catalyzed the sequential reactions on maltopentaose, maltotriosyltrehalose formation, and following hydrolysis, producing trehalose and maltotriose. Optimum conditions for the fusion enzyme-catalyzed trehalose synthesis were around 70 degrees and pH 5.0-6.0. The MhMTSH fusion enzyme exhibited a high degree of thermostability, retaining 80% of the activity when pre-incubated at 70 degrees for 48 h. The stability was gradually abolished by incubating the fusion enzyme at above 80 degrees . The MhMTSH fusion enzyme was active on various sizes of maltooligosaccharides, extending its substrate specificity to soluble starch, the most abundant natural source of trehalose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Seok Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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