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Kalfert D, Ludvikova M, Pesta M, Hakala T, Dostalova L, Grundmannova H, Windrichova J, Houfkova K, Knizkova T, Ludvik J, Polivka J, Kholova I. BRAF mutation, selected miRNAs and genes expression in primary papillary thyroid carcinomas and local lymph node metastases. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155319. [PMID: 38696857 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in cancer-related genes are now known to be accompanied by epigenetic events in carcinogenesis by modification of the regulatory pathways and expression of genes involved in the pathobiology. Such cancer-related mutations, miRNAs and gene expression may be promising molecular markers of the most common papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, there are limited data on their relationships. The aim of this study was to analyse the interactions between BRAF mutations, selected microRNAs (miR-21, miR-34a, miR-146b, and miR-9) and the expression of selected genes (LGALS3, NKX2-1, TACSTD2, TPO) involved in the pathogenesis of PTC. The study cohort included 60 primary papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) that were classified as classical (PTC/C; n=50) and invasive follicular variant (PTC/F; n=10), and 40 paired lymph node metastases (LNM). BRAF mutation status in primary and recurrent/persistent papillary thyroid carcinomas was determined. The mutation results were compared both between primary and metastatic cancer tissue, and between BRAF mutation status and selected genes and miRNA expression in primary PTC. Furthermore, miRNAs and gene expression were compared between primary PTCs and non-neoplastic tissue, and local lymph node metastatic tumor, respectively. All studied markers showed several significant mutual interactions and contexts. In conclusion, to the best our knowledge, this is the first integrated study of BRAF mutational status, the expression levels of mRNAs of selected genes and miRNAs in primary PTC, and paired LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kalfert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Motol, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ludvikova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 32300, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Pesta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 32300, Czech Republic
| | - Tommi Hakala
- The Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lucie Dostalova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Motol, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Grundmannova
- Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jindra Windrichova
- Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Houfkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 32300, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Knizkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 32300, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Ludvik
- Department of Imaging Methods, University Hospital Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Kholova
- Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
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Uehara E, Hori N, Tanase-Nakao K, Akiba K, Sueoka H, Matsubara K, Narumi S. Congenital Hypothyroidism with Thyroid in situ: A Case Report with NKX2-1 and DUOX2 Hypomorphic Variants. Horm Res Paediatr 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38636486 DOI: 10.1159/000538895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) encodes a transcription factor, NKX2-1, that is expressed in the thyroid gland, lung, and brain. Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) encodes an enzyme which generates hydrogen peroxide and is involved in the thyroid hormone synthesis. Cases of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with dyshormonogenesis showing two or more genetic variants are increasingly reported. We describe the first case of transient dyshormonogenesis who had experimentally verified a loss-of-function NKX2-1 variant and DUOX2 variants. CASE PRESENTATION The proband was a 15-year-old female patient with CH who was diagnosed in the frame of newborn screening for CH. She had a mildly elevated serum TSH level (14.56 mU/L), a low free thyroxine level (0.87 ng/dL), and a high thyroglobulin (Tg) level (>800 ng/mL). Ultrasonography revealed goiter. She was followed clinically without levothyroxine treatment and showed normal growth and development. She had slightly high Tg levels throughout the clinical course. Next-generation sequencing-based genetic analysis revealed that the patient was heterozygous for an NKX2-1 variant (p.Ile228Ser), a nonsense DUOX2 variant (p.[Lys530*;His678Arg]), and a functional DUOX2 polymorphism (p.His678Arg). NKX2-1 p.Ile228Ser showed about 50% reduced residual activity on the Tg promoter. CONCLUSION A partial loss-of-function NKX2-1 variant with a monoallelic nonsense DUOX2 variant and a DUOX2 functional polymorphism can cause transient CH with high serum Tg levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Uehara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan,
- Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Naoaki Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Ota Memorial Hospital, Ota, Japan
| | - Kanako Tanase-Nakao
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Akiba
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Sueoka
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Diversity Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Shirai YT, Hoshi N, Ward JM, Liu H, Cachau RE, Lee MP, Kimura S. Establishment and Characterization of Amitrole-Induced Mouse Thyroid Adenomatous Nodule-Derived Cell Lines. Thyroid 2024; 34:496-509. [PMID: 38149583 PMCID: PMC10998706 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer cell lines have been of great value for the study of thyroid cancer. However, the availability of benign thyroid adenoma cell lines is limited. Methods: Cell lines were established from thyroid adenomatous nodules that developed in mice treated with the goitrogen amitrole. Expression of epithelial, mesenchymal, and thyroid markers of these established cell lines was determined, and the effect of lentivirus-transduced overexpression of NKX2-1, a master regulator of thyroid development, on the thyroid marker expression was examined. Signal transduction and cell proliferation were evaluated after treatment with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the selective IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) inhibitor NVP-ADW742. Xenograft studies were performed to examine tumorigenicity of the cells in mice. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to comprehensively determine the genetic mutations in the established two cell lines. Results: Five mouse thyroid adenomatous nodules-derived cell lines named CAT (cells from amitrole-treated thyroids) were established. Among these, two cell lines, CAT458/458s (CAT458s: a subline of CAT458) and CAT459, were found to be positive for epithelial markers and negative for a mesenchymal marker. NKX2-1-positive CAT459 cells showed higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of some thyroid differentiation markers than NKX2-1-negative CAT458s cells, and NKX2-1 overexpression increased and/or induced their expression. IGF-I signaling was transduced in thyrotropin receptor (Tshr)-negative CAT458s and 459 cells, and NVP-ADW742 suppressed their proliferation. No tumors developed in mice after subcutaneous injection of CAT458s or 459 cells. The WGS analysis revealed the presence of missense mutations in the tumor suppressor genes such as Polk (encoding DNA polymerase kappa) and Tgfb1 (encoding transforming growth factor beta 1), while no mutations were found in the prominent thyroid cancer-related genes Braf, Trp53 (encoding p53), and Tert (encoding telomerase reverse transcriptase). Conclusions: Two mouse thyroid adenomatous nodule-derived cell lines with different thyroid differentiation marker expression were established. NKX2-1 induced partial differentiation of these cell lines. They lacked tumorigenicity and prominent gene mutations involved in thyroid cancer development, while missense mutations were found in some tumor suppressors as revealed by WGS. The CAT458s and 459 provide a new tool to further clarify the process of thyroid multistep carcinogenesis and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Taro Shirai
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nobuo Hoshi
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerrold M. Ward
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raul E. Cachau
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maxwell P. Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Wen B, Li E, Wang G, Kalin TR, Gao D, Lu P, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Allows Generation of the Mouse Lung in a Rat. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024. [PMID: 38507610 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202306-0964oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Recent efforts in bioengineering and embryonic stem cell (ESC) technology allowed the generation of ESC-derived mouse lung tissues in transgenic mice missing critical morphogenetic genes. While epithelial cell lineages were efficiently generated from ESC, other cell types were mosaic. A complete contribution of donor ESC to lung tissue has never been achieved. The mouse lung has never been generated in a rat. OBJECTIVE To generate the mouse lung in a rat. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to disrupt the Nkx2-1 gene in rat 1-cell zygotes. Interspecies mouse-rat chimeras were produced by injection of wild-type mouse ESC into Nkx2-1-deficient rat embryos with lung agenesis. The contribution of mouse ESC to the lung tissue was examined by immunostaining, flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Peripheral pulmonary and thyroid tissues were absent in rat embryos after CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of the Nkx2-1 gene. Complementation of rat Nkx2-1-/- blastocysts with mouse ESC restored pulmonary and thyroid structures in mouse-rat chimeras leading to a near 99% contribution of ESC to all respiratory cell lineages. Epithelial, endothelial, hematopoietic, and stromal cells in ESC-derived lungs were highly differentiated and exhibited lineage-specific gene signatures similar to respiratory cells from the normal mouse lung. Analysis of receptor-ligand interactions revealed normal signaling networks between mouse ESC-derived respiratory cells differentiated in a rat. CONCLUSIONS A combination of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and blastocyst complementation was used to produce mouse lungs in rats, making an important step toward future generations of human lungs using large animals as "bioreactors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiang Wen
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, 42283, Phoenix Children's Research Institute, Department of Child Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Enhong Li
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, 42283, Phoenix Children's Research Institute, Department of Child Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Guolun Wang
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 2518, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Timothy R Kalin
- University of Cincinnati, 2514, College of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Dongfeng Gao
- China Agricultural University, 34752, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peixin Lu
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 2518, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, 42283, Phoenix Children's Research Institute, Department of Child Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, 42283, Phoenix Children's Research Institute, Department of Child Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, 14524, Division of Neonatology, Phoenix, Arizona, United States;
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5
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Javadirad SM. NKX2-1 gene is targeted by H19 lncRNA and is found to be overexpressed in benign nodular goiter tissues. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 90:101409. [PMID: 38537502 PMCID: PMC10987871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nodular goiter may increase the risk of thyroid cancer, but the genetic factors contributing to nodular goiter are not well understood. There is an overexpression of H19 lncRNA in goiter tissue and its target remains unknown. In this study, we attempted to identify a new target for H19 in the context of goiter development. METHODS Using interaction energy calculations, the interaction between NKX2-1 mRNA and H19 lncRNA was examined. Putative microRNAs were found at the H19 lncRNA target site with the highest affinity for NKX2-1. RNAseq data was analyzed to determine the tissue specificity of gene expression. Samples were taken from 18 goiter and 18 normal tissues during thyroidectomy. The expression of NKX2-1 was determined by RT-qPCR using specific primers. RESULTS The interaction between NKX2-1 and H19 was characterized by six local base-pairing connections, with a maximum energy of -20.56 kcal/moL. Specifically, the sequence that displayed the highest affinity for binding with H19 overlapped with the binding site of has-miR-1827 to NKX2-1. It was found that NKX2-1 is exclusively co-expressed with H19 in normal thyroid tissue. As compared to adjacent normal tissues, nodular goiter tissues have a significant overexpression of NKX2-1 (relative expression = 1.195, p = 0.038). CONCLUSION NKX2-1 has been identified as the putative target of H19 lncRNA, which is overexpressed in nodular goiter tissues significantly. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Morteza Javadirad
- University of Isfahan, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Isfahan, Iran.
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6
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Rubio K, Müller JM, Mehta A, Watermann I, Olchers T, Koch I, Wessels S, Schneider MA, Araujo-Ramos T, Singh I, Kugler C, Stoleriu MG, Kriegsmann M, Eichhorn M, Muley T, Merkel OM, Braun T, Ammerpohl O, Reck M, Tresch A, Barreto G. Preliminary results from the EMoLung clinical study showing early lung cancer detection by the LC score. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:181. [PMID: 37787775 PMCID: PMC10547665 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) causes more deaths worldwide than any other cancer type. Despite advances in therapeutic strategies, the fatality rate of LC cases remains high (95%) since the majority of patients are diagnosed at late stages when patient prognosis is poor. Analysis of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) database indicates that early diagnosis is significantly associated with favorable outcome. However, since symptoms of LC at early stages are unspecific and resemble those of benign pathologies, current diagnostic approaches are mostly initiated at advanced LC stages. METHODS We developed a LC diagnosis test based on the analysis of distinct RNA isoforms expressed from the GATA6 and NKX2-1 gene loci, which are detected in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs). Levels of these transcript isoforms in EBCs were combined to calculate a diagnostic score (the LC score). In the present study, we aimed to confirm the applicability of the LC score for the diagnosis of early stage LC under clinical settings. Thus, we evaluated EBCs from patients with early stage, resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who were prospectively enrolled in the EMoLung study at three sites in Germany. RESULTS LC score-based classification of EBCs confirmed its performance under clinical conditions, achieving a sensitivity of 95.7%, 91.3% and 84.6% for LC detection at stages I, II and III, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The LC score is an accurate and non-invasive option for early LC diagnosis and a valuable complement to LC screening procedures based on computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rubio
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Laboratoire IMoPA, UMR 7365, 54000, Nancy, France
- Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, EcoCampus, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jason M Müller
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aditi Mehta
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Watermann
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (GHD), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Till Olchers
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (GHD), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Ina Koch
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany
- Asklepios Biobank für Lungenerkrankungen, Asklepios Klinik Gauting GmbH, 82131, Gauting, Germany
| | - Sabine Wessels
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tania Araujo-Ramos
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Emmy Noether Research Group Epigenetic Machineries and Cancer, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Indrabahadur Singh
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Emmy Noether Research Group Epigenetic Machineries and Cancer, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kugler
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (GHD), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Mircea Gabriel Stoleriu
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany
- Asklepios Biobank für Lungenerkrankungen, Asklepios Klinik Gauting GmbH, 82131, Gauting, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Eichhorn
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Development, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Reck
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (GHD), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Achim Tresch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Data and Simulation Science, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Laboratoire IMoPA, UMR 7365, 54000, Nancy, France.
- Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Gießen, Germany.
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Verstraete P, De Keersmaecker K, Kampen KR. Drivers of de novo Serine/Glycine synthesis in acute leukemia. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2145-2146. [PMID: 37526379 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells hijack metabolic pathways in order to provide themselves with building blocks to support their proliferation and survival. Upregulation and addiction to de novo serine/glycine synthesis is an example of metabolic rewiring in cancer cells whereby serine and glycine are synthesised via a side branch of glycolysis. In this review, we focus on upregulation of endogenous serine/glycine production in acute leukemia, namely T-cell acute leukemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Several genetic lesions directly driving the serine/glycine addiction in acute leukemia have been established. Additionally, indirect regulation of de novo serine/glycine synthesis is observed in acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien Verstraete
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Rosalie Kampen
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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8
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Li M, Li Z, Chen M, Hu Z, Zhou M, Wu L, Zhang C, Liang D. Novel Missense Variants in PAX8 and NKX2-1 Cause Congenital Hypothyroidism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010786. [PMID: 36614229 PMCID: PMC9821711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common neonatal endocrine disorder characterized by elevated concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and low concentrations of free thyroxine (FT4). PAX8 and NKX2-1 are important transcription factors involved in thyroid development. In this study, we detected three novel variants in PAX8 (c.149A > C and c.329G > A) and NKX2-1 (c.706A > G) by whole exome sequencing (WES) in three unrelated CH patients with variable phenotypes. The results of Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that the three variants had no effect on protein expression and subcellular localization. However, the results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual-luciferase reporter assay suggested that the three variants in PAX8 and NKX2-1 both affected their DNA-binding ability and reduced their transactivation capacity. Moreover, a dominant-negative effect in K236E−NKX2-1 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. To sum up, our findings extend our knowledge of the current mutation spectrum of PAX8 and NKX2-1 and provide important information for diagnosing, treating, and preventing CH in these families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunhua Zhang
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-871-65174598 (C.Z.); +86-731-84805252 (D.L.)
| | - Desheng Liang
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-871-65174598 (C.Z.); +86-731-84805252 (D.L.)
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9
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Sutton RM, Bittar HT, Sullivan DI, Silva AG, Bahudhanapati H, Parikh AH, Zhang Y, Gibson K, McDyer JF, Kass DJ, Alder JK. Rare surfactant-related variants in familial and sporadic pulmonary fibrosis. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:2091-2101. [PMID: 36135709 PMCID: PMC9771972 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of constitutional genetic defects in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is increasingly appreciated. Monogenic disorders associated with IPF affect two pathways: telomere maintenance, accounting for approximately 10% of all patients with IPF, and surfactant biology, responsible for 1%-3% of cases and often co-occurring with lung cancer. We examined the prevalence of rare variants in five surfactant-related genes, SFTPA1, SFPTA2, SFTPC, ABCA3, and NKX2-1, that were previously linked to lung disease in whole genome sequencing data from 431 patients with IPF. We identified functionally deleterious rare variants in SFTPA2 with a prevalence of 1.3% in individuals with and without a family history of IPF. All individuals had no personal history of lung cancer, but substantial bronchiolar metaplasia was noted on lung explants and biopsies. Five patients had novel missense variants in NKX2-1, but the contribution to disease is unclear. In general, patients were younger and had longer telomeres compared with the majority of patients with IPF suggesting that these features may be useful for identifying this subset of patients in the clinic. These data suggest that SFTPA2 variants may be more common in unselected IPF cohorts and may manifest in the absence of personal/family history of lung cancer or IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Sutton
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Humberto Trejo Bittar
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel I Sullivan
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Agustin Gil Silva
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harinath Bahudhanapati
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anishka H Parikh
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Gibson
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F McDyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Orstad G, Fort G, Parnell TJ, Jones A, Stubben C, Lohman B, Gillis KL, Orellana W, Tariq R, Klingbeil O, Kaestner K, Vakoc CR, Spike BT, Snyder EL. FoxA1 and FoxA2 control growth and cellular identity in NKX2-1-positive lung adenocarcinoma. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1866-1882.e10. [PMID: 35835117 PMCID: PMC9378547 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cellular identity (also known as histologic transformation or lineage plasticity) can drive malignant progression and resistance to therapy in many cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The lineage-specifying transcription factors FoxA1 and FoxA2 (FoxA1/2) control identity in NKX2-1/TTF1-negative LUAD. However, their role in NKX2-1-positive LUAD has not been systematically investigated. We find that Foxa1/2 knockout severely impairs tumorigenesis in KRAS-driven genetically engineered mouse models and human cell lines. Loss of FoxA1/2 leads to the collapse of a dual-identity state, marked by co-expression of pulmonary and gastrointestinal transcriptional programs, which has been implicated in LUAD progression. Mechanistically, FoxA1/2 loss leads to aberrant NKX2-1 activity and genomic localization, which in turn actively inhibits tumorigenesis and drives alternative cellular identity programs that are associated with non-proliferative states. This work demonstrates that FoxA1/2 expression is a lineage-specific vulnerability in NKX2-1-positive LUAD and identifies mechanisms of response and resistance to targeting FoxA1/2 in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Orstad
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gabriela Fort
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Timothy J Parnell
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alex Jones
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chris Stubben
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brian Lohman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Katherine L Gillis
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Walter Orellana
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rushmeen Tariq
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olaf Klingbeil
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Klaus Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin T Spike
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eric L Snyder
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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11
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Delestrain C, Aissat A, Nattes E, Gibertini I, Lacroze V, Simon S, Decrouy X, de Becdelièvre A, Fanen P, Epaud R. Deciphering an isolated lung phenotype of NKX2-1 frameshift pathogenic variant. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:978598. [PMID: 36733766 PMCID: PMC9888430 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.978598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND to perform a functional analysis of a new NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) variant (c.85_86del denominated NKX2-1DEL) identified in a family presenting with isolated respiratory disease, in comparison to another frameshift variant (c.254dup denominated NKX2-1DUP) identified in a subject with classical brain-lung-thyroid syndrome. METHODS pathogenic variants were introduced into the pcDNA3-1(+)-wt-TTF1 plasmid. The proteins obtained were analyzed by western blot assay. Subcellular localization was assessed by confocal microscopy in A549 and Nthy cells. Transactivation of SFTPA, SFTPB, SFTPC, and ABCA3 promoters was assessed in A549 cells. Thyroglobulin promoter activity was measured with the paired box gene 8 (PAX8) cofactor in Nthy cells. RESULTS The two sequence variants were predicted to produce aberrant proteins identical from the 86th amino acid, with deletion of their functional homeodomain, including the nuclear localization signal. However, 3D conformation prediction of the conformation prediction of the mutant protein assumed the presence of a nuclear localization signal, a bipartite sequence, confirmed by confocal microscopy showing both mutant proteins localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Transcriptional activity with SFTPA, SFTPB, SFTPC, ABCA3 and thyroglobulin promoters was significantly decreased with both variants. However, with NKX2-1DEL, thyroglobulin transcriptional activity was maintained with the addition of PAX8. CONCLUSION These results provide novel insights into understanding the molecular mechanism of phenotypes associated with NKX2-1 pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Delestrain
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Créteil, France
| | - Abdel Aissat
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, DMU de Biologie-Pathologie, Créteil, France
| | - Elodie Nattes
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Créteil, France.,Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, DMU de Biologie-Pathologie, Créteil, France
| | - Isabelle Gibertini
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Lacroze
- AP-HM, Hôpital de la Conception, Service de Médecine Néonatale, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Alix de Becdelièvre
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, DMU de Biologie-Pathologie, Créteil, France
| | - Pascale Fanen
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, DMU de Biologie-Pathologie, Créteil, France
| | - Ralph Epaud
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Créteil, France
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12
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Nema R, Patel P, Kumar A. Prognostic Role of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan Receptors in Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:2125-2134. [PMID: 34319035 PMCID: PMC8607102 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.7.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is diagnosed at advanced stages and has high mortality rates. Surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy are the main therapeutic approaches for GC. Despite curative resection, recurrence and metastasis contribute to a high mortality rate in patients with GC. The receptor-tyrosine-kinase-like orphan receptors 1/2 (ROR1/2) are transmembrane proteins belonging to the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. ROR1 and ROR2 are known to overexpress in the tumor tissues from several types of cancer patients. However, the role of RORs in the prognosis has not been understood. METHODS This study aimed to determine the association of mRNA expression of ROR1, ROR2, and their signaling components WNT5A, NKX2-1, and FOXF1, with the survival outcome of GC patients. We performed Kaplan-Meir survival analysis on publicly available 'The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)' data sets using 'Kaplan-Meir Plotter.' RESULTS High mRNA expression of ROR1, ROR2, NKX2-1, and FOXF1 was significantly correlated with worse overall survival (OS) of GC patients. Interestingly ROR1 and ROR showed a prognostic role in the intestinal subtype, but not in the diffuse subtype of GC. Furthermore, ROR1 was positively correlated with regulatory T cells and M2-type macrophages and negatively correlated with Th17 and natural killer T cells in the tumor stroma of patients with GC. CONCLUSION We conclude that the expression of ROR1, ROR2, and their associated genes correlate with worst prognosis of GC patients, particularly in the intestinal type. .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, India.
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13
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Sano K, Hayashi T, Suehara Y, Hosoya M, Takamochi K, Kohsaka S, Kishikawa S, Kishi M, Saito S, Takahashi F, Kaneko K, Suzuki K, Yao T, Ishijima M, Saito T. Transcription start site-level expression of thyroid transcription factor 1 isoforms in lung adenocarcinoma and its clinicopathological significance. J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 7:361-374. [PMID: 34014042 PMCID: PMC8185369 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are multiple transcription start sites (TSSs) in agreement with multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms of NKX2-1/TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor 1); however, the clinicopathological significance of each transcript isoform of NKX2-1/TTF-1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) is unknown. Herein, TSS-level expression of NKX2-1/TTF-1 isoforms was evaluated in 71 LADs using bioinformatic analysis of cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE)-sequencing data, which provides genome-wide expression levels of the 5'-untranslated regions and the TSSs of different isoforms. Results of CAGE were further validated in 664 LADs using in situ hybridisation. Fourteen of 17 TSSs in NKX2-1/TTF-1 (80% of known TSSs in FANTOM5, an atlas of mammalian promoters) were identified in LADs, including TSSs 1-13 and 15; four isoforms of NKX2-1/TTF-1 transcripts (NKX2-1_001, NKX2-1_002, NKX2-1_004, and NKX2-1_005) were expressed in LADs, although NKX2-1_005 did not contain a homeodomain. Among those, six TSSs regulated NKX2-1_004 and NKX2-1_005, both of which contain exon 1. LADs with low expression of isoforms from TSS region 11 regulating exon 1 were significantly associated with poor prognosis in the CAGE data set. In the validation set, 62 tumours (9.3%) showed no expression of NKX2-1/TTF-1 exon 1; such tumours were significantly associated with older age, EGFR wild-type tumours, and poor prognosis. In contrast, 94 tumours, including 22 of 30 pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas (IMAs) exhibited exon 1 expression without immunohistochemical TTF-1 protein expression. Furthermore, IMAs commonly exhibited higher exon 1 expression relative to that of exon 4/5, which contained a homeodomain in comparison with EGFR-mutated LADs. These transcriptome and clinicopathological results reveal that LAD use at least 80% of NKX2-1 TSSs and expression of the NKX2-1/TTF-1 transcript isoform without exon 1 (NKX2-1_004 and NKX2-1_005) defines a distinct subset of LAD characterised by aggressive behaviour in elder patients. Moreover, usage of alternative TSSs regions regulating NKX2-1_005 may occur in subsets of LADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sano
- Department of Human PathologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor OrganJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human PathologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Suehara
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor OrganJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Masaki Hosoya
- Department of Medical OncologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuya Takamochi
- Department of General Thoracic SurgeryJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Division of Cellular SignalingNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Satsuki Kishikawa
- Department of Human PathologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Monami Kishi
- Department of Human PathologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Satomi Saito
- Department of Human PathologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor OrganJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic SurgeryJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human PathologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor OrganJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human PathologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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14
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Alcántara-Ortigoza MA, Sánchez-Verdiguel I, Fernández-Hernández L, Enríquez-Flores S, González-Núñez A, Hernández-Martínez NL, Sánchez C, González-del Angel A. Further Evidence That Defects in Main Thyroid Dysgenesis-Related Genes Are an Uncommon Etiology for Primary Congenital Hypothyroidism in Mexican Patients: Report of Rare Variants in FOXE1, NKX2-5 and TSHR. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8060457. [PMID: 34070861 PMCID: PMC8227333 DOI: 10.3390/children8060457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mexico shows a high birth prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) due to thyroid dysgenesis (TD). PAX8 defects underlie only 1% of these cases and NKX2-1 does not seem to be involved. Here, we analyzed other TD-related genes in 128 non-related Mexican patients (females 77.3%; 6 months to 16.6 years) with non-syndromic CH-TD diagnosis established by clinical evaluation, thyroid hormone serum profiling, and scintigraphy (74%) or ultrasonography (26%). We performed Sanger sequencing of FOXE1, NKX2-5, and TSHR and evaluated copy number variations (CNVs) in TSHR, FOXE1, PAX8, and NKX2-1 by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Odds ratios for TD risk were explored for FOXE1 polyalanine stretches [polyAla-rs71369530] in cases and controls (N = 116). Five rare missense changes cataloged as benign (NKX2-5:p.(Ala119Ser)-rs137852684), of unknown significance (FOXE1:p.(Ala335Gly)-rs543372757; TSHR:p.(Asp118Asn)-rs1414102266), and likely pathogenic (FOXE1:p.(Gly124Arg)-rs774035532; TSHR:p.(Trp422Arg)-rs746029360) accounted for 1.5% (N = 2/128) of clinically relevant genotypes (supported in part by protein modeling) in CH-TD. No CNVs were identified, nor did polyAla > 14 alanines in FOXE1 significantly protect against TD. The present and previously published data collectively show that small clinically relevant germline variants in PAX8, FOXE1, and TSHR are found in only a very small proportion (2.5%) of isolated CH-TD Mexican patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Alcántara-Ortigoza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Subdirección de Investigación Médica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04530, Mexico; (M.A.A.-O.); (L.F.-H.); (N.L.H.-M.)
| | - Iraís Sánchez-Verdiguel
- Consulta Externa, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04530, Mexico;
| | - Liliana Fernández-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Subdirección de Investigación Médica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04530, Mexico; (M.A.A.-O.); (L.F.-H.); (N.L.H.-M.)
| | - Sergio Enríquez-Flores
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04530, Mexico;
| | - Aidy González-Núñez
- Hospital Regional Materno Infantil de Alta Especialidad de Nuevo León, Guadalupe CP 67140, Mexico;
| | - Nancy Leticia Hernández-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Subdirección de Investigación Médica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04530, Mexico; (M.A.A.-O.); (L.F.-H.); (N.L.H.-M.)
| | - Carmen Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Seguimiento del Neurodesarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04530, Mexico;
| | - Ariadna González-del Angel
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Subdirección de Investigación Médica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04530, Mexico; (M.A.A.-O.); (L.F.-H.); (N.L.H.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1306)
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15
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Zewdu R, Mehrabad EM, Ingram K, Fang P, Gillis KL, Camolotto SA, Orstad G, Jones A, Mendoza MC, Spike BT, Snyder EL. An NKX2-1/ERK/WNT feedback loop modulates gastric identity and response to targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma. eLife 2021; 10:e66788. [PMID: 33821796 PMCID: PMC8102067 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo lineage switching during natural progression and in response to therapy. NKX2-1 loss in human and murine lung adenocarcinoma leads to invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA), a lung cancer subtype that exhibits gastric differentiation and harbors a distinct spectrum of driver oncogenes. In murine BRAFV600E-driven lung adenocarcinoma, NKX2-1 is required for early tumorigenesis, but dispensable for established tumor growth. NKX2-1-deficient, BRAFV600E-driven tumors resemble human IMA and exhibit a distinct response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Whereas BRAF/MEK inhibitors drive NKX2-1-positive tumor cells into quiescence, NKX2-1-negative cells fail to exit the cell cycle after the same therapy. BRAF/MEK inhibitors induce cell identity switching in NKX2-1-negative lung tumors within the gastric lineage, which is driven in part by WNT signaling and FoxA1/2. These data elucidate a complex, reciprocal relationship between lineage specifiers and oncogenic signaling pathways in the regulation of lung adenocarcinoma identity that is likely to impact lineage-specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rediet Zewdu
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Elnaz Mirzaei Mehrabad
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- School of Computing, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Kelley Ingram
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Pengshu Fang
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Katherine L Gillis
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Soledad A Camolotto
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Grace Orstad
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Alex Jones
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Michelle C Mendoza
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Benjamin T Spike
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Eric L Snyder
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
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16
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Liao J, Coffman KA, Locker J, Padiath QS, Nmezi B, Filipink RA, Hu J, Sathanoori M, Madan-Khetarpal S, McGuire M, Schreiber A, Moran R, Friedman N, Hoffner L, Rajkovic A, Yatsenko SA, Surti U. Deletion of conserved non-coding sequences downstream from NKX2-1: A novel disease-causing mechanism for benign hereditary chorea. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1647. [PMID: 33666368 PMCID: PMC8123744 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Benign hereditary chorea (BHC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by early‐onset non‐progressive involuntary movements. Although NKX2‐1 mutations or deletions are the cause of BHC, some BHC families do not have pathogenic alterations in the NKX2‐1 gene, indicating that mutations of non‐coding regulatory elements of NKX2‐1 may also play a role. Methods and Results By using whole‐genome microarray analysis, we identified a 117 Kb founder deletion in three apparently unrelated BHC families that were negative for NKX2‐1 sequence variants. Targeted next generation sequencing analysis confirmed the deletion and showed that it was part of a complex local genomic rearrangement. In addition, we also detected a 648 Kb de novo deletion in an isolated BHC case. Both deletions are located downstream from NKX2‐1 on chromosome 14q13.2‐q13.3 and share a 33 Kb smallest region of overlap with six previously reported cases. This region has no gene but contains multiple evolutionarily highly conserved non‐coding sequences. Conclusion We propose that the deletion of potential regulatory elements necessary for NKX2‐1 expression in this critical region is responsible for BHC phenotype in these patients, and this is a novel disease‐causing mechanism for BHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liao
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Keith A Coffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Locker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Quasar S Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce Nmezi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robyn A Filipink
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jie Hu
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Malini Sathanoori
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Marianne McGuire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Rocio Moran
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Neil Friedman
- Center for Pediatric Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lori Hoffner
- Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Morsy S, Morsy A. Epitope mimicry analysis of SARS-COV-2 surface proteins and human lung proteins. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 105:107836. [PMID: 33588349 PMCID: PMC7859657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune response after the infection of SARS-COV-2 is evident as more cases of Guillain Barre syndrome and Kawasaki disease are diagnosed. In this study, we aim to investigate a possible mechanism of autoimmune lung injury. METHODS We extracted the peptide sequences of surface proteins of the SARS-COV-2 from the NCBI data protein. We used Blastp to assess the homologous sequences between the human proteins in the UNIPROT database that are associated with respiratory distress. Then, we filtered the homologous sequences to those selectively expressed in the lung and homologous to surface viral proteins. We then assessed the epitope sequences for MHC-I and MHC-II using recommended settings and reference MHC in the IEDB database. RESULTS Homeobox protein 2.1 (NKX2-1) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 (ABCA3) showed homologous sequence to both surface glycoproteins and envelope proteins. The HLA-DR and HLA-DQ had a similar binding pattern to ABCA3 as surface glycoproteins and envelope proteins, respectively. Other HLA molecules that had a similar binding pattern to SARS-COV-2 as human proteins were HLA-A and HLA-DP. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that there is a possible autoimmune mechanism underlying the acute respiratory distress syndrome in SARS-COV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Morsy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9zbm6t4AAAAJ&hl=ar
| | - Ahmed Morsy
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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18
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Abstract
Objective: It has been demonstrated that the transcription factors TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif), paired box gene 8 (PAX8), and NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) are coexpressed in the nucleus of thyroid cells. Furthermore, TAZ is known to enhance the transcriptional activity of PAX8 and NKX2-1 as well as the key thyroid-specific gene, thyroglobulin (TG), suggesting a critical role for TAZ in the control of thyroid cell speciation. We previously reported that the small molecule ethacridine, identified as a TAZ activator, was able to induce thyroid-specific transcription in endodermal cells differentiated from human embryonic stem (hES) cells using activin A. Since transcription factors are epigenetically regulated in cell differentiation, we investigated the epigenetic changes in the promoter regions of these key transcription factors during in vitro differentiation of hES cells into thyrocytes. Methods: We initially profiled chromatin accessibility using the technique of Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq), and then examined DNA methylation and histone acetylation in the promoter regions of the three selected thyroid transcription factors and the thyroid-specific genes during hES cell differentiation. Results: ATAC-seq analysis showed enriched chromatin accessibility of TAZ, NKX2-1, and PAX8 after exposure to activin A and ethacridine. There were no methylation changes found in the NKX2-1, PAX8, and TAZ promoters by bisulfite sequencing. In contrast, acetylation of histone H4, specifically acetylation of lysine 16, was observed in each of the promoters when measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation polymerase chain reaction assays, which correlated with the activity and expression of NKX2-1 and PAX8 as well as sodium/iodide symporter, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, and TG genes. Conclusions: These results indicate that ethacridine treatment of activin A-derived endodermal hES cells leads to enhanced chromatin accessibility, which, in turn, allows histone H4 acetylation in the regulation of active genes for speciation of thyroid follicular cells from hES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Ma
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Address correspondence to: Risheng Ma, MD, PhD, Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Room 4-23, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box No. 1055, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Syed Morshed
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rauf Latif
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Terry F. Davies
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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19
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Hight SK, Mootz A, Kollipara RK, McMillan E, Yenerall P, Otaki Y, Li LS, Avila K, Peyton M, Rodriguez-Canales J, Mino B, Villalobos P, Girard L, Dospoy P, Larsen J, White MA, Heymach JV, Wistuba II, Kittler R, Minna JD. An in vivo functional genomics screen of nuclear receptors and their co-regulators identifies FOXA1 as an essential gene in lung tumorigenesis. Neoplasia 2020; 22:294-310. [PMID: 32512502 PMCID: PMC7281309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Using a mini-library of 1062 lentiviral shRNAs targeting 40 nuclear hormone receptors and 70 of their co-regulators, we searched for potential therapeutic targets that would be important during in vivo tumor growth using a parallel in vitro and in vivo shRNA screening strategy in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) line NCI-H1819. We identified 21 genes essential for in vitro growth, and nine genes specifically required for tumor survival in vivo, but not in vitro: NCOR2, FOXA1, HDAC1, RXRA, RORB, RARB, MTA2, ETV4, and NR1H2. We focused on FOXA1, since it lies within the most frequently amplified genomic region in lung adenocarcinomas. We found that 14q-amplification in NSCLC cell lines was a biomarker for FOXA1 dependency for both in vivo xenograft growth and colony formation, but not mass culture growth in vitro. FOXA1 knockdown identified genes involved in electron transport among the most differentially regulated, indicating FOXA1 loss may lead to a decrease in cellular respiration. In support of this, FOXA1 amplification was correlated with increased sensitivity to the complex I inhibitor phenformin. Integrative ChipSeq analyses reveal that FOXA1 functions in this genetic context may be at least partially independent of NKX2-1. Our findings are consistent with a neomorphic function for amplified FOXA1, driving an oncogenic transcriptional program. These data provide new insight into the functional consequences of FOXA1 amplification in lung adenocarcinomas, and identify new transcriptional networks for exploration of therapeutic vulnerabilities in this patient population.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Genomics/methods
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha/genetics
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha/metabolism
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
- Thrombospondin 1/genetics
- Thrombospondin 1/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzie K Hight
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Allison Mootz
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rahul K Kollipara
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth McMillan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Paul Yenerall
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Eugene McDermott Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yoichi Otaki
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Long-Shan Li
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kimberley Avila
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Peyton
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational and Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational and Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational and Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Dospoy
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jill Larsen
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael A White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational and Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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20
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Narumi S. Predicting the pathogenicity of NKX2-1 and IGSF1 variants with in silico bioinformatic tools. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 29:123-126. [PMID: 32694890 PMCID: PMC7348628 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.29.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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21
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Prasad R, Nicholas AK, Schoenmakers N, Barton J. Haploinsufficiency of NKX2-1 in Brain-Lung-Thyroid Syndrome with Additional Multiple Pituitary Dysfunction. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 92:340-344. [PMID: 31707387 DOI: 10.1159/000503683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heterozygous mutations or haploinsufficiency of NKX2-1 are associated with the brain-lung-thyroid syndrome incorporating primary hypothyroidism, respiratory distress, and neurological disturbances. CASE PRESENTATION We report a patient presenting in the neonatal period with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency including central hypothyroidism and hypoadrenalism, growth hormone deficiency, undetectable gonadotrophins, and a small anterior pituitary on MRI. CGH microarray revealed haploinsufficiency for NKX2.1 and during subsequent follow-up, she has exhibited the classic triad of brain-lung-thyroid syndrome with undetectable tissue on thyroid ultrasonography. Whilst the role of NKX2-1 is well described in murine pituitary development, this report constitutes the first description of multiple pituitary dysfunction in humans associated with the syndrome and haploinsufficiency NKX2-1. CONCLUSION The report highlights a potential need for pituitary screening in patients with established brain-lung-thyroid syndrome and implicates NKX2.1 in human pituitary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathi Prasad
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Adeline K Nicholas
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Barton
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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22
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Chen MJ, Chen PM, Wang L, Shen CJ, Chen CY, Lee H. Cisplatin sensitivity mediated by NKX2-1 in lung adenocarcinoma is dependent on p53 mutational status via modulating TNFSF10 expression. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1229-1237. [PMID: 32368398 PMCID: PMC7191106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
NKX2-1 was shown to enhance cisplatin sensitivity in KRAS-mutated cells, but it conferred cisplatin resistance in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells. However, NKX2-1 as a dual role in tumor progression depended on p53 mutational status via modulation of the NF-κB pathway. We hypothesized that NKX2-1 may confer cisplatin resistance in p53-mutated (p53-MT) lung adenocarcinoma cells but may enhance cisplatin sensitivity in wild-type (p53-WT) cells. In the present study, six p53-MT and -p53-WT cell lines were treated with various concentrations of cisplatin to calculate the inhibitory concentration of cisplatin for 50% cell viability (IC50). The IC50 value was positively correlated with NKX2-1 expression in the p53-MT cells but negatively correlated in the p53-WT cells. TNFSF10 was identified in a microarray analysis as a potential candidate responsible for NKX2-1-mediated apoptosis induced by cisplatin. The retrospective study evaluated 97 surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy to explore the possible association between NKX2-1 expression and tumor response. Patients with higher TNFSF10 mRNA levels, as determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), typically showed an favorable response when compared with patients with lower TNFSF10 mRNA levels. Additionally, the association of higher TNFSF10 mRNA levels with favorable response was only revealed in p53-WT patients, not in p53-MT patients. Higher NKX2-1 mRNA levels were associated with an unfavorable response in patients with p53-MT tumors but a favorable response in patients with p53-WT tumors. In summary, modulation of TNFSF10 expression by NKX2-1 may be a potential indicator for predicting the response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jenn Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan, Taiwan
- Department of Sports Management, College of Leisure and Recreation Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and ScienceTainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee Wang
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
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23
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Moisés J, Navarro A, Castellano JJ, Viñolas N, Molins L, Canals J, Han B, Martín J, Ramirez J, Frigola G, Marrades RM, Monzó M. Long Non-Coding RNA NANCI/ NKX2-1 Duplex Impacts Prognosis in Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Arch Bronconeumol 2020; 56:630-636. [PMID: 32178834 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NANCI, an intergenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is essential for buffering NKX2-1 expression during embryonic development and in adult tissue. We analyzed NANCI and NKX2-1 in human lung embryonic samples and adult lung tissues and evaluated their potential as prognostic markers in stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS AND RESULTS NANCI and NKX2-1 expression was assessed by TaqMan assays in 18 human embryonic samples from 8 to 13 weeks, 59 non-tumoral (NT) lung tissue samples, and 98 stage I NSCLC tumor samples. NANCI and NKX2-1 expression in embryonic and NSCLC samples were downregulated in comparison to adult NT tissue. Patients with low expression of NANCI had shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with high levels (47.6 vs 69.3 months, P=0.032 and 57.7 vs 77.6 months, P=0.021, respectively). When the expression levels of NANCI and NKX2-1 were evaluated in combination, four groups were identified (high NANCI/high NKX2-1, low NANCI/high NKX2-1, high NANCI/low NKX2-1 and low NANCI/low NKX2-1) with differential impact on DFS (P=0.042) and OS (P=0.024). Interestingly, the high NANCI/high NKX2-1 duplex group had longer DFS and OS than the other three groups (71.25 vs 46.3 months, P=0.009 and 81.3 vs 56.1 months, P=0.004, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, the high NANCI/high NKX2-1 duplex was identified as an independent prognostic factor for longer DFS (HR 0.346, 95% CI, 0.169-0.709; P=0.004) and OS (HR 0.309, 95% CI, 0.121-0.786; P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS NANCI and the NANCI-NKX2-1 duplex impacts prognosis in stage I NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moisés
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clínic Respiratori (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfons Navarro
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Josep Castellano
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Viñolas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Clínic de Malalties Hematològicas i Oncològiques (ICMHO), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laureano Molins
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institut Clínic Respiratori (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Canals
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bing Han
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jara Martín
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ramirez
- Department of Pathology, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Frigola
- Department of Pathology, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón María Marrades
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clínic Respiratori (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Monzó
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ma R, Shi R, Morshed SA, Latif R, Davies TF. Derivation and 97% Purification of Human Thyroid Cells From Dermal Fibroblasts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:446. [PMID: 32760346 PMCID: PMC7373738 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The success in rescuing thyroid deficiency in mice using thyroid cells derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells, together with the discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells, has raised the possibility of patient-specific thyroid cell replacement. In this study we demonstrate that human thyroid follicular cells can be derived from human iPSCs and show the ability of highly purified and differentiated cells to secrete thyroid hormone. Research Design and Methods: Human iPSCs were derived from adult skin fibroblasts using RNA reprogramming and differentiated in vitro into thyroid follicular cells by exposure to activin A, ethacridine and TSH as we have previously described for human ES cells. The resulting thyroid cells were then highly purified using double antibody cell sorting. Results: The iPSCs derived from human dermal fibroblasts showed stem cell-like morphologic changes and expressed pluripotent stem cell markers as assessed using qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, and FACS analysis. These cells retained their pluripotential characteristics as shown by teratoma formation after murine transplantation. Definitive endoderm cells were induced with activin A and the transcription factor TAZ was significantly induced on ethacridine treatment and translocated to the nucleus. Thyroid transcription factors NKX2-1 and PAX8 were also highly expressed in activin A derived endoderm cells and further induced by ethacridine. Following terminal differentiation with TSH, there was enhanced thyroid follicle formation, high expression of the thyroid specific genes-TG, TPO, TSHR and NIS, and secretion of thyroid hormone (T4) in vitro. Furthermore, we were able to achieve a 97% purification of TSHR+/NIS+ expressing cells after differentiation using a single purification procedure. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that mature adult dermal fibroblasts can be matured into human iPSCs which have the potential to form functional thyroid follicular cells. This lays the groundwork for future person-specific thyroid regenerative therapy.
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Hokari S, Tamura Y, Kaneda A, Katsura A, Morikawa M, Murai F, Ehata S, Tsutsumi S, Ishikawa Y, Aburatani H, Kikuchi T, Miyazono K, Koinuma D. Comparative analysis of TTF-1 binding DNA regions in small-cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:277-293. [PMID: 31782890 PMCID: PMC6998394 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1, encoded by the NKX2-1 gene) is highly expressed in small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), but how its functional roles differ between SCLC and LADC remains to be elucidated. Here, we compared the genome-wide distributions of TTF-1 binding regions and the transcriptional programs regulated by TTF-1 between NCI-H209 (H209), a human SCLC cell line, and NCI-H441 (H441), a human LADC cell line, using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). TTF-1 binding regions in H209 and H441 cells differed by 75.0% and E-box motifs were highly enriched exclusively in the TTF-1 binding regions of H209 cells. Transcriptome profiling revealed that TTF-1 is involved in neuroendocrine differentiation in H209 cells. We report that TTF-1 and achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1, also known as ASH1, an E-box binding basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, and a lineage-survival oncogene of SCLC) are coexpressed and bound to adjacent sites on target genes expressed in SCLC, and cooperatively regulate transcription. Furthermore, TTF-1 regulated expression of the Bcl-2 gene family and showed antiapoptotic function in SCLC. Our findings suggest that TTF-1 promotes SCLC growth and contributes to neuroendocrine and antiapoptotic gene expression by partly coordinating with ASCL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hokari
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Akihiro Katsura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Murai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of Pathology, the Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Gonçalves D, Lourenço L, Guardiano M, Castro-Correia C, Sampaio M, Leão M. Chiari Malformation Type I in a Patient with a Novel NKX2-1 Mutation. J Pediatr Neurosci 2019; 14:169-172. [PMID: 31649781 PMCID: PMC6798275 DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_108_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiari Malformation Type 1 is a congenital, condition characterized by abnormally shaped cerebellar tonsils that are displaced below the level of the foramen magnum. NKX2-1 gene encodes a transcription factor expressed during early development of thyroid, lung, and forebrain, and germline NKX2-1 mutations can lead to dysfunction in any of these three organs, resulting in brain-lung-thyroid syndrome. There have been few reports of structural brain anomalies in patients with an NKX2-1-related disorder. We report the first case of a girl with a genetically identified mutation in NKX2-1 that presents with a Chiari Malformation Type 1, eventually expanding the phenotypic spectrum of NKX2-1-related disorders while also highlighting a novel heterozygous pathogenic variant at exon 3 that disrupts the reading framework, originating an NKX2-1 protein with a different C-terminal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonçalves
- Serviço de Pediatria do, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lara Lourenço
- Serviço de Pediatria do, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Micaela Guardiano
- Serviço de Pediatria do, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Mafalda Sampaio
- Serviço de Pediatria do, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Leão
- Serviço de Genética do, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Mollaoglu G, Jones A, Wait SJ, Mukhopadhyay A, Jeong S, Arya R, Camolotto SA, Mosbruger TL, Stubben CJ, Conley CJ, Bhutkar A, Vahrenkamp JM, Berrett KC, Cessna MH, Lane TE, Witt BL, Salama ME, Gertz J, Jones KB, Snyder EL, Oliver TG. The Lineage-Defining Transcription Factors SOX2 and NKX2-1 Determine Lung Cancer Cell Fate and Shape the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Immunity 2019; 49:764-779.e9. [PMID: 30332632 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The major types of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma-have distinct immune microenvironments. We developed a genetic model of squamous NSCLC on the basis of overexpression of the transcription factor Sox2, which specifies lung basal cell fate, and loss of the tumor suppressor Lkb1 (SL mice). SL tumors recapitulated gene-expression and immune-infiltrate features of human squamous NSCLC; such features included enrichment of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and decreased expression of NKX2-1, a transcriptional regulator that specifies alveolar cell fate. In Kras-driven adenocarcinomas, mis-expression of Sox2 or loss of Nkx2-1 led to TAN recruitment. TAN recruitment involved SOX2-mediated production of the chemokine CXCL5. Deletion of Nkx2-1 in SL mice (SNL) revealed that NKX2-1 suppresses SOX2-driven squamous tumorigenesis by repressing adeno-to-squamous transdifferentiation. Depletion of TANs in SNL mice reduced squamous tumors, suggesting that TANs foster squamous cell fate. Thus, lineage-defining transcription factors determine the tumor immune microenvironment, which in turn might impact the nature of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkan Mollaoglu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alex Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sarah J Wait
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anandaroop Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sangmin Jeong
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rahul Arya
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Timothy L Mosbruger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chris J Stubben
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher J Conley
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vahrenkamp
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kristofer C Berrett
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Melissa H Cessna
- Intermountain Biorepository, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84111, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Benjamin L Witt
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; ARUP Laboratories at University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Mohamed E Salama
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; ARUP Laboratories at University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Eric L Snyder
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Camolotto SA, Pattabiraman S, Mosbruger TL, Jones A, Belova VK, Orstad G, Streiff M, Salmond L, Stubben C, Kaestner KH, Snyder EL. FoxA1 and FoxA2 drive gastric differentiation and suppress squamous identity in NKX2-1-negative lung cancer. eLife 2018; 7:38579. [PMID: 30475207 PMCID: PMC6303105 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cancer cell identity can alter malignant potential and therapeutic response. Loss of the pulmonary lineage specifier NKX2-1 augments the growth of KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma and causes pulmonary to gastric transdifferentiation. Here, we show that the transcription factors FoxA1 and FoxA2 are required for initiation of mucinous NKX2-1-negative lung adenocarcinomas in the mouse and for activation of their gastric differentiation program. Foxa1/2 deletion severely impairs tumor initiation and causes a proximal shift in cellular identity, yielding tumors expressing markers of the squamocolumnar junction of the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, we observe downregulation of FoxA1/2 expression in the squamous component of both murine and human lung adenosquamous carcinoma. Using sequential in vivo recombination, we find that FoxA1/2 loss in established KRAS-driven neoplasia originating from SPC-positive alveolar cells induces keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas. Thus, NKX2-1, FoxA1 and FoxA2 coordinately regulate the growth and identity of lung cancer in a context-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad A Camolotto
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Shrivatsav Pattabiraman
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Timothy L Mosbruger
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Alex Jones
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Veronika K Belova
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Grace Orstad
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Mitchell Streiff
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Lydia Salmond
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Chris Stubben
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Eric L Snyder
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
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Abstract
To date, >100 mutations in NKX2-1 have been described. Most NKX2-1 mutations are assumed to result in brain-lung-thyroid syndrome through haploinsufficiency, and only five NKX2-1 mutations with dominant-negative effects have been reported so far. In this case report, an additional patient with brain-lung-thyroid syndrome is reported, carrying a novel heterozygous mutation, c.533G>C (p.R178P), in the homeobox of NKX2-1. This mutation has been proven to be a dominant-negative mutation by an in vitro functional assay. Of note, the dominant-negative effect of R178P-NKX2-1 was shown only in the presence of PAX8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shinohara
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Ibaraki Seinan Medical Center Hospital , Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaki Takagi
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kimiko Ito
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Ibi Kosei Hospital , Gifu, Japan
| | - Eri Shimizu
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukuzawa
- 5 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare , Chiba, Japan
- 6 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo , Japan
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Invernizzi F, Zorzi G, Legati A, Coppola G, D'Adamo P, Nardocci N, Garavaglia B, Ghezzi D. Benign hereditary chorea and deletions outside NKX2-1: What's the role of MBIP? Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:581-4. [PMID: 29621620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous point mutations or deletions of the NKX2-1 gene cause benign hereditary chorea (BHC) or a various combinations of primary hypothyroidism, respiratory distress and neurological disorders. Deletions proximal to, but not encompassing, NKX2-1 have been described in few subjects with brain-lung-thyroid syndrome. We report on a three-generation Italian family, with 6 subjects presenting BHC and harboring a genomic deletion adjacent to NKX2-1 and including the gene MBIP, recently proposed to be relevant for the pathogenesis of brain-lung-thyroid syndrome. We observed a clear reduction of NKX2-1 transcript levels in fibroblasts from our patients compared to controls; this finding suggests that MBIP deletion affects NKX2-1 expression, mimicking haploinsufficiency caused by classical NKX2-1 related mutations.
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Shiohama T, Ohashi H, Shimizu K, Fujii K, Oba D, Takatani T, Kato M, Shimojo N. l-Thyroxine-responsive drop attacks in childhood benign hereditary chorea: A case report. Brain Dev 2018; 40:353-356. [PMID: 29289388 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Benign hereditary chorea (BHC) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that is characterized by non-progressive chorea with early-childhood-onset, congenital hypothyroidism, and neonatal respiratory distress. Although tetrabenazine and levodopa are partly effective for chorea and drop attacks in some patients, there is no standard treatment option. We herein describe a childhood case of BHC that presented with l-thyroxine-responsive drop attacks. A genetic analysis revealed an interstitial deletion that included two enhancer regions of NKX2-1, providing genetic confirmation of BHC. This is the first report to inform the connection between thyroid function and drop attacks in BHC. Moreover, our findings identify l-thyroxine as a therapeutic option for the management of drop attacks in BHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Divsion of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Divsion of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daiju Oba
- Divsion of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomozumi Takatani
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Moraes L, Galrão ALR, Rubió I, Cerutti JM. Transcriptional regulation of the potential tumor suppressor ABI3 gene in thyroid carcinomas: interplay between methylation and NKX2-1 availability. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25960-70. [PMID: 27036019 PMCID: PMC5041957 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that ABI3 expression was decreased in thyroid cancer tissues and that ectopic expression of ABI3 in a follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line delayed cell cycle progression and inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, migration and tumor formation in athymic mice. These data indicated that ABI3 is a tumor suppressor gene; however the mechanism through which ABI3 is silenced in thyroid carcinomas is unknown. We here show that treatment of four follicular thyroid carcinoma cell lines with 5-aza-dC induced demethylation of a specific region of the ABI3 promoter and restored ABI3 expression. In contrast, 5-aza-dC treatment did not restore ABI3 expression in a non-thyroid cell line, suggesting a tissue-specific regulation. We additionally show that 8 CpG sites located within the ABI3 promoter are hypermethylated in most thyroid carcinoma samples and the degree of methylation correlated with ABI3 expression. Narrowing the region to specific CpG sites, the CpG4-6 sites showed the largest difference between benign and malignant lesions. In silico analysis revealed that these CpG sites flank a canonical binding site for NKX2-1, a thyroid specific transcriptional factor. Analysis of thyroid samples shows a correlation between NKX2-1 and ABI3 expression. In vitro assays demonstrate that NKX2-1 was required for ABI3 expression. Luciferase assay further confirmed the promoter activity of this region, which was increased when the cells were co-transfected with NKX2-1. Our study shows that the transcriptional silencing of ABI3 in cancer cells occurs via methylation and uncovered a previously unrecognized role for NKX2-1 in the regulation of ABI3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Moraes
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza R Galrão
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ileana Rubió
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete M Cerutti
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Meganathan K, Lewis EMA, Gontarz P, Liu S, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Huettner JE, Zhang B, Kroll KL. Regulatory networks specifying cortical interneurons from human embryonic stem cells reveal roles for CHD2 in interneuron development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11180-9. [PMID: 29229852 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712365115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical interneurons (cINs) modulate excitatory neuronal activity by providing local inhibition. During fetal development, several cIN subtypes derive from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), a transient ventral telencephalic structure. While altered cIN development contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders, the inaccessibility of human fetal brain tissue during development has hampered efforts to define molecular networks controlling this process. Here, we modified protocols for directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, obtaining efficient, accelerated production of MGE-like progenitors and MGE-derived cIN subtypes with the expected electrophysiological properties. We defined transcriptome changes accompanying this process and integrated these data with direct transcriptional targets of NKX2-1, a transcription factor controlling MGE specification. This analysis defined NKX2-1-associated genes with enriched expression during MGE specification and cIN differentiation, including known and previously unreported transcription factor targets with likely roles in MGE specification, and other target classes regulating cIN migration and function. NKX2-1-associated peaks were enriched for consensus binding motifs for NKX2-1, LHX, and SOX transcription factors, suggesting roles in coregulating MGE gene expression. Among the NKX2-1 direct target genes with cIN-enriched expression was CHD2, which encodes a chromatin remodeling protein mutated to cause human epilepsies. Accordingly, CHD2 deficiency impaired cIN specification and altered later electrophysiological function, while CHD2 coassociated with NKX2-1 at cis-regulatory elements and was required for their transactivation by NKX2-1 in MGE-like progenitors. This analysis identified several aspects of gene-regulatory networks underlying human MGE specification and suggested mechanisms by which NKX2-1 acts with chromatin remodeling activities to regulate gene expression programs underlying cIN development.
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Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1 or NKX2-1) is a transcription factor of fundamental importance in driving lung maturation and morphogenesis. In the last decade, scientists began to appreciate the functional roles of TTF-1 in lung tumorigenesis. This movement was triggered by the discoveries of genetic alterations of TTF-1 in the form of gene amplification in lung cancer. Many downstream target genes of TTF-1 relevant to the lung cancer biology of TTF-1 have been documented. One of the most surprising findings was that TTF-1 may exhibit either pro- or antitumorigenic activities, an outcome with the complexity exceeding the original anticipation purely based on the fact that TTF-1 undergoes gene amplification in lung cancer. In the coming decade, we believe, we will witness additional surprises as the research exploring the cancer roles of TTF-1 progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Phelps
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Shao-Chiang Lai
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - David Mu
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.
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35
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Tozawa T, Yokochi K, Kono S, Konishi T, Yamamoto T, Nishimura A, Chiyonobu T, Morimoto M, Hosoi H. A Video Report of Brain-Lung-Thyroid Syndrome in a Japanese Female With a Novel Frameshift Mutation of the NKX2-1 Gene. Child Neurol Open 2017; 3:2329048X16665012. [PMID: 28503612 PMCID: PMC5417288 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x16665012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign hereditary chorea is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder that is characterized by childhood-onset nonprogressive chorea and normal cognitive function. Defects in NKX2-1 on chromosome 14q13, which encodes thyroid transcription factor 1, produce a concurrent clinical manifestation of chorea, respiratory distress, and hypothyroidism known as “brain–lung–thyroid syndrome.” Here, the authors describe a video report of benign hereditary chorea in a Japanese female with a novel frameshift mutation of NKX2-1 (c.915_916insC) (p.Ala303ArgfsX132) that was initially misdiagnosed as ataxic cerebral palsy. In early infancy, especially before the appearance of chorea, benign hereditary chorea can be misdiagnosed as ataxic and dyskinetic cerebral palsy due to shared clinical features including motor delay, hypotonia, ataxic gait, and dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Yokochi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Seirei-Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kono
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Konishi
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Department of Neonatology, Japanese Red Cross Society Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chiyonobu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Du J, Ba L, Li B, Liu F, Hu X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Xian J, Liu S, Li H. Distinct expression of NK2 homeobox 1 ( NKX2-1) and goblet cell hyperplasia in nasal polyps with different endotypes. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2017; 7:690-698. [PMID: 28318118 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased expression of airway epithelial-specific transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) was associated with allergic inflammation in asthma patients. However, the expression and role of NKX2-1 in nasal polyps (NPs) with different endotypes were undefined yet. METHODS We examined the expression of key cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4 IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17A, etc.) and NKX2-1 in NPs with different endotypes and control tissues by immunohistochemistry staining, qualitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot analysis. RESULTS We found 23% of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with NP (CRSwNP) patients had IL-5+ eosinophilic NPs, 40.7% of NPs were key cytokines negative NPs (KCN NPs) with less eosinophil accumulation. The expression of NKX2-1 in IL-5+ NPs was significantly lower than KCN NPs and normal controls (p < 0.05). The expression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) and MUC5B, as well as goblet cells hyperplasia, were significantly elevated in IL-5+ NPs, which correlated with the decreased expression of NKX2-1 (p < 0.05). Moreover, "SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor" (SPDEF) was significantly elevated, while expression of Forkhead Box A2 (FoxA2) was significantly decreased in IL-5+ NPs (p < 0.05). The expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) and IL-4 was significantly increased in IL-5+ NPs, which was associated with eosinophil accumulation(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The downregulation of NKX2-1 in IL-5+ NPs may be associated with tissue eosinophilia and goblet cells hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luo Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasha, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianting Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junming Xian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kharbanda M, Hermanns P, Jones J, Pohlenz J, Horrocks I, Donaldson M. A further case of brain-lung-thyroid syndrome with deletion proximal to NKX2-1. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:257-260. [PMID: 28286255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Brain-lung-thyroid syndrome (OMIM #610978) is associated with mutations in the NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) gene, a transcription factor important in development. 50% of patients are affected by the full triad, comprising congenital hypothyroidism, benign hereditary chorea and infant respiratory distress syndrome. Four cases have previously been reported where a patient has features consistent with brain-lung-thyroid syndrome and a chromosome 14q13 deletion adjacent to, but not disrupting, NKX2-1. We present a patient who has a phenotype consistent with brain-lung-thyroid syndrome, featuring congenital hypothyroidism and choreoathetoid movements with gross motor delay. Thyroid ultrasound showed a small-normal gland and spontaneous resolution of hypothyroidism. Array CGH revealed a de novo 14q13.2-3 deletion adjacent to but not directly involving NKX2-1. Sequencing of NKX2-1 was normal. This report highlights a further case of chromosomal deletion adjacent to NXK2-1 in a patient with a phenotype consistent with brain-lung-thyroid syndrome, and confirms that array-CGH is a useful test in the investigation of congenital hypothyroidism. Deletion of the adjacent gene MBIP in most reported cases so far may be relevant to the pathogenesis of brain-lung-thyroid syndrome. Deletion of nearby promoter or enhancer elements acting on NKX2-1 could also be an important factor. However, further work is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of the brain-lung-thyroid phenotype in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Kharbanda
- West of Scotland Department of Clinical Genetics, Level 2A Laboratory Medicine Building, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Pia Hermanns
- Children's Hospital, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Chen PM, Wu TC, Cheng YW, Chen CY, Lee H. NKX2-1-mediated p53 expression modulates lung adenocarcinoma progression via modulating IKKβ/NF-κB activation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14274-89. [PMID: 25881545 PMCID: PMC4546466 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
NKX2-1 plays a dual role in lung adenocarcinoma progression, but the underling mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, we provide evidence that NKX2-1 directly regulates p53 transcription, and in turn, NKX2-1 elevates the mutant p53/NF-Y complex to up-regulate IKKβ transcription in p53-mutant cells, but NKX2-1-mediated wild-type p53 down-regulates IKKβ transcription via decreased Sp1 binding to IKKβ promoter in p53-WT cells. The IKKβ-mediated p65 nuclear localization and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) modulated by the NKX2-1/p53 axis is responsible for soft-agar growth, invasion, and xenograft tumour formation. Among patients, high-IKKβ mRNA tumours had higher prevalence in p53-mutant or nuclear p65 tumours than their counterparts, but not related with NKX2-1 mRNA expression. However, when tumours were divided into p53-WT and p53-mutant subgroups, NKX2-1 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with IKKβ mRNA in p53-WT subgroup, but positively related with IKKβ mRNA expression in p53-mutant subgroup. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis indicated that high NKX2-1 mRNA tumours exhibited poorer overall survival and relapse free survival than low NKX2-1 mRNA tumours in p53-WT subgroup, but the opposite was observed in p53-mutant subgroup. Therefore, we suggest that NKX2-1 as a tumour suppressor or a tumour promoter in lung adenocarcinoma progression is dependent on p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chin Wu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Malt EA, Juhasz K, Malt UF, Naumann T. A Role for the Transcription Factor Nk2 Homeobox 1 in Schizophrenia: Convergent Evidence from Animal and Human Studies. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:59. [PMID: 27064909 PMCID: PMC4811959 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder with diverse mental and somatic symptoms. The molecular mechanisms leading from genes to disease pathology in schizophrenia remain largely unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that common single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with specific diseases are enriched in the recognition sequences of transcription factors that regulate physiological processes relevant to the disease. We have used a “bottom-up” approach and tracked a developmental trajectory from embryology to physiological processes and behavior and recognized that the transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) possesses properties of particular interest for schizophrenia. NKX2-1 is selectively expressed from prenatal development to adulthood in the brain, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, lungs, skin, and enteric ganglia, and has key functions at the interface of the brain, the endocrine-, and the immune system. In the developing brain, NKX2-1-expressing progenitor cells differentiate into distinct subclasses of forebrain GABAergic and cholinergic neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The transcription factor is highly expressed in mature limbic circuits related to context-dependent goal-directed patterns of behavior, social interaction and reproduction, fear responses, responses to light, and other homeostatic processes. It is essential for development and mature function of the thyroid gland and the respiratory system, and is involved in calcium metabolism and immune responses. NKX2-1 interacts with a number of genes identified as susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. We suggest that NKX2-1 may lie at the core of several dose dependent pathways that are dysregulated in schizophrenia. We correlate the symptoms seen in schizophrenia with the temporal and spatial activities of NKX2-1 in order to highlight promising future research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva A Malt
- Department of Adult Habilitation, Akershus University HospitalLørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Ahus Campus University of OsloOslo, Norway
| | - Katalin Juhasz
- Department of Adult Habilitation, Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ulrik F Malt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOslo, Norway; Department of Research and Education, Institution of Oslo University HospitalOslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Naumann
- Centre of Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
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Hwang DH, Sholl LM, Rojas-Rudilla V, Hall DL, Shivdasani P, Garcia EP, MacConaill LE, Vivero M, Hornick JL, Kuo FC, Lindeman NI, Dong F. KRAS and NKX2-1 Mutations in Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:496-503. [PMID: 26829311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucinous differentiation is observed in a subset of lung adenocarcinomas with unique clinical and pathological features, but the biology of these neoplasms is poorly understood. METHODS We apply targeted next-generation sequencing to characterize the mutational profiles of 21 invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas, mixed mucinous/nonmucinous adenocarcinomas, and adenocarcinomas with mucinous features of the lung and validate key findings on 954 additional lung adenocarcinomas from our institution and 514 lung adenocarcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS Sequencing identifies pathogenic mutations in the oncogenes Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), and anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) and recurrent mutations in tumor protein p53 (TP53), serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11), NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1), and SET domain containing 2 (SETD2). In the combined discovery and validation cohorts, we identify nine neoplasms with distinct molecular and pathological features. All are invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas or mixed mucinous/nonmucinous adenocarcinomas with mutations of KRAS and frameshift or nonsense mutations of NKX2-1. Immunohistochemical analysis shows that these neoplasms are associated with altered differentiation states, including loss of expression of the pulmonary marker thyroid transcription factor 1 (also called Nkx2.1) and expression of gastrointestinal markers. CONCLUSIONS These findings describe recurrent NKX2-1 mutations in invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas of the lung and support NKX2-1 as a lineage-specific tumor suppressor gene in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanesa Rojas-Rudilla
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dimity L Hall
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priyanka Shivdasani
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth P Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura E MacConaill
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marina Vivero
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank C Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neal I Lindeman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Raj Kumar K, Fung VSC. ADCY5 identified as a novel cause of benign hereditary chorea. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1726. [PMID: 26408352 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Raj Kumar
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital and Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
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Sun R, Liu Z, Ma G, Lv W, Zhao X, Lei G, Xu C. Associations of deregulation of mir-365 and its target mRNA TTF-1 and survival in patients with NSCLC. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:2392-2399. [PMID: 26045746 PMCID: PMC4440055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
microRNA (mir)-365 exerts tumor suppressor function by targeting thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in lung cancer cells. The purpose of the present study was to assess mir-365 and its target mRNA TTF-1 in lung cancer and their correlations with patients' survival. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine the expression levels of mir-365 and TTF-1 in tumor tissue and its adjacent noncancerous tissue of 126 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our results showed that mir-365 was significantly decreased in tumor tissue than that in normal tissue (P=0.006), however, TTF-1 was significantly increased in tumor tissue than in normal tissue (P<0.001). Besides, significant correlations between decreased mir-365 and advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P=0.001) and regional lymph node involvement (P=0.037) was observed. The similar result was also found between increased TTF-1 and TNM stage (P=0.003). Furthermore, mir-365 downregulation or TTF-1 upregulation were associated with poor outcome of patients than mir-365 upregulation or TTF-1 downregulation (for mir-365: P<0.001; for TTF-1: P=0.002). Of note, combination of decreased mir-365 and increased TTF-1 had worst overall survival (P<0.001). In conclusion, aberrant expression of mir-365/TTF-1 may be involved in the tumor development in patients with NSCLC. Moreover, mir-365 and TTF-1 could jointly predict the prognosis of patients and their combination may serve as a biomarker to predict risk of poor survival in NSCLC patients. Mir-365/TTF-1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for clinical treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province309 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province309 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xinliang Zhao
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, 521 Ordnance Hospital12 Zhangba East Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province309 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Changfu Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we demonstrate the successful differentiation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into functional thyroid cells indicating the therapeutic potential of this approach when applied to individuals with thyroid deficiency. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using embryonic murine fibroblasts, we generated iPS cells with a single lentiviral "stem cell cassette" vector and then differentiated these iPS cells into thyroid cells after transfection with PAX8 and NKX2-1 by Activin A and TSH stimulation. RESULTS The generated iPS cells expressed pluripotent stem cell markers as assessed using both reverse transcription quantitative PCRs and immunofluorescence staining with ~0.5% reprograming efficiency. Compared to control cells, the expression of thyroid-specific genes NIS, TSHR, Tg, and TPO were greatly enhanced in PAX8(+)NKX2-1(+) iPS cells after differentiation. On stimulation with TSH, these differentiated iPS cells were also capable of dose-dependent cAMP generation and radioiodine uptake indicative of functional thyroid epithelial cells. Furthermore, the cells formed three-dimensional follicles in culture, and "thyroid organoids" formed after PAX8(+)NKX2-1(+) iPS cells transplanted into nude mice, and all expressed Tg protein as judged immunohistochemically. Taken together, thyroid epithelial cells differentiated from iPS cells, which were themselves derived from murine fibroblasts, exhibited very similar properties to thyroid cells previously developed from traditional murine embryonic stem cells. CONCLUSION Thyroid cells differentiated from iPS cells offer the opportunity to examine the detailed transcriptional regulation of thyroid cell differentiation and may provide a useful future source for individualized regenerative cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Ma
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Risheng Ma, Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Room 2F-28, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, New York, NY 10468, USA
| | - Syed A. Morshed
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rauf Latif
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terry F. Davies
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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de Filippis T, Marelli F, Vigone MC, Di Frenna M, Weber G, Persani L. Novel NKX2-1 Frameshift Mutations in Patients with Atypical Phenotypes of the Brain-Lung-Thyroid Syndrome. Eur Thyroid J 2014; 3:227-33. [PMID: 25759798 PMCID: PMC4311306 DOI: 10.1159/000366274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To verify the involvement of NKX2-1 gene in infants with brain-lung-thyroid (BLT) syndrome and hypothyroid phenotypes variable among congenital hypothyroidism (CH) or idiopathic mild hypothyroidism (IMH) of postnatal onset. METHODS The candidates were selected by a case-finding approach in 130 CH and 53 IMH infants. The NKX2-1 gene was analyzed by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The variants were studied in vitro, by expression analyses and luciferase bioassay. RESULTS Four cases (3 CH and 1 IMH) consistent with BLT syndrome were identified. Two children were affected with respiratory distress and CH, but wild-type NKX2-1 gene. The remaining two presented choreic movements and no pulmonary involvement, but discrepant thyroid phenotypes: one had severe CH with lingual ectopy and the other one IMH with gland in situ. They were carriers of new de novo heterozygous frameshift mutations of NKX2-1 (c.177delG and c.153_166del14). The c.177delG leads to a prematurely truncated protein (p.H60TfsX11) with undetectable activity in vitro. The c.153_166del14 leads to the generation of an elongated aberrant protein (p.A52RfsX351) able to translocate into the nucleus, but completely inactive on a responsive promoter. CONCLUSIONS Two novel heterozygous frameshift mutations of NKX2-1 were identified in 2 cases selected on the basis of a BLT-like phenotype among 183 hypothyroid infants. The atypical hypothyroid phenotypes of these 2 children (CH with lingual ectopy or IMH of postnatal onset) further expand the clinical spectrum that can be associated with NKX2-1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana de Filippis
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marelli
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Vigone
- Department of Pediatrics, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Di Frenna
- Department of Pediatrics, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Weber
- Department of Pediatrics, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Luca Persani, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, San Luca Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, IT-20149 Milan (Italy), E-Mail
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Abstract
Lung cancer, which can be divided into two major clinical-pathological categories, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length, have been reported to be upregulated or downregulated in disease states and specific cell types. Recently, miRNAs have gained recognition as major regulators of human gene expression. MiRNAs can control highly complex signal transduction pathways and other biological pathways by targeting and controlling gene expression, accounting for their important role in lung cancer. Findings from recent studies on the roles of miRNAs in lung cancer are summarized in this review. Understanding miRNA functions in lung cancer will bring molecular-level insight leading to better prognosis, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700 412, Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700 412, Korea Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700 412, South Korea
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Williamson S, Kirkpatrick M, Greene S, Goudie D. A novel mutation of NKX2-1 affecting 2 generations with hypothyroidism and choreoathetosis: part of the spectrum of brain-thyroid-lung syndrome. J Child Neurol 2014; 29:666-9. [PMID: 24453141 DOI: 10.1177/0883073813518243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The NKX2-1 (TTF-1 or TITF-1) gene on chromosome 14q13 codes for the thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1). It is expressed in the developing brain, lung, and thyroid. Defects have been associated with chorea, hypothyroidism, and lung disease, comprising the "brain-thyroid-lung syndrome." We describe here 3 cases of novel missense mutation (c.626G>C; p.Arg209Pro) in NKX2-1 in 2 generations of a nonconsanguinous family. Firstly 2 sons were affected by childhood-onset hypothyroidism and a movement disorder characterized by ataxia in the early years followed by the emergence of a superimposed chorea. The mutation was also found in the granddaughter, when she presented with the same clinical features. We hypothesize that the mutation arose as a result of gonadal mosaicism, as the mutation was not detected in leucocyte DNA from either grandparent. The features are consistent with a diagnosis of Brain-thyroid-lung syndrome, which previously could have been classified as benign hereditary chorea with hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Williamson
- 1Department of Paediatrics, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Crosshouse Hospital, Kilmarnock, United Kingdom
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Thorwarth A, Schnittert-Hübener S, Schrumpf P, Müller I, Jyrch S, Dame C, Biebermann H, Kleinau G, Katchanov J, Schuelke M, Ebert G, Steininger A, Bönnemann C, Brockmann K, Christen HJ, Crock P, deZegher F, Griese M, Hewitt J, Ivarsson S, Hübner C, Kapelari K, Plecko B, Rating D, Stoeva I, Ropers HH, Grüters A, Ullmann R, Krude H. Comprehensive genotyping and clinical characterisation reveal 27 novel NKX2-1 mutations and expand the phenotypic spectrum. J Med Genet 2014; 51:375-87. [PMID: 24714694 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NKX2-1 encodes a transcription factor with large impact on the development of brain, lung and thyroid. Germline mutations of NKX2-1 can lead to dysfunction and malformations of these organs. Starting from the largest coherent collection of patients with a suspected phenotype to date, we systematically evaluated frequency, quality and spectrum of phenotypic consequences of NKX2-1 mutations. METHODS After identifying mutations by Sanger sequencing and array CGH, we comprehensively reanalysed the phenotype of affected patients and their relatives. We employed electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to detect alterations of NKX2-1 DNA binding. Gene expression was monitored by means of in situ hybridisation and compared with the expression level of MBIP, a candidate gene presumably involved in the disorders and closely located in close genomic proximity to NKX2-1. RESULTS Within 101 index patients, we detected 17 point mutations and 10 deletions. Neurological symptoms were the most consistent finding (100%), followed by lung affection (78%) and thyroidal dysfunction (75%). Novel symptoms associated with NKX2-1 mutations comprise abnormal height, bouts of fever and cardiac septum defects. In contrast to previous reports, our data suggest that missense mutations in the homeodomain of NKX2-1 not necessarily modify its DNA binding capacity and that this specific type of mutations may be associated with mild pulmonary phenotypes such as asthma. Two deletions did not include NKX2-1, but MBIP, whose expression spatially and temporarily coincides with NKX2-1 in early murine development. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of NKX2-1 mutations strongly recommends the routine screen for mutations in patients with corresponding symptoms. However, this analysis should not be confined to the exonic sequence alone, but should take advantage of affordable NGS technology to expand the target to adjacent regulatory sequences and the NKX2-1 interactome in order to maximise the yield of this diagnostic effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thorwarth
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Schnittert-Hübener
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pamela Schrumpf
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Jyrch
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Dame
- Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juri Katchanov
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grit Ebert
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Steininger
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Christen
- Department for Neuropediatrics, Children's and Youth Hospital "Auf der Bult", Hannover, Germany
| | - Patricia Crock
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Francis deZegher
- Department of Woman and Child, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Griese
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Hewitt
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sten Ivarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital MAS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Kapelari
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Childrens Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dietz Rating
- Department for Neuropediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iva Stoeva
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology Screening and Functional Endocrine Diagnostics, University Paediatric Hospital, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Annette Grüters
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Krude
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Gonçalves JP, Pinheiro L, Costa M, Silva A, Gonçalves A, Pereira A. Novel ABCA3 mutations as a cause of respiratory distress in a term newborn. Gene 2014; 534:417-20. [PMID: 24269975 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here the case of a term female newborn that developed severe respiratory distress soon after birth. She was found to be a compound heterozygote for both novel mutations in the ABCA3 gene. ABCA3 deficiency should be considered in mature babies who develop severe respiratory distress syndrome.
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Abstract
After the original identification of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1 or NKX2-1) biochemical activity as a transcriptional regulator of thyroglobulin in 1989, the bulk of the ensuing research has concentrated on elucidating the roles of NKX2-1 in the development of lung and thyroid tissues. Motivated by its specific expression pattern, pathologists adopted the NKX2-1 immunoreactivity to distinguish pulmonary from nonpulmonary nonthyroid adenocarcinomas. Interestingly, the concept of NKX2-1 as an active participant in lung tumorigenesis did not take hold until 2007. This minireview contrasts the recent advancements of NKX2-1-related observations primarily in the realm of pulmonary malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mu
- From the Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center and the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23501.
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Delestrain C, Flamein F, Jonard L, Couderc R, Guillot L, Fanen P, Epaud R. [Lung diseases in children associated with inherited disorders of surfactant metabolism]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2013; 69:183-189. [PMID: 23856024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a unique mixture of lipids and specific proteins that reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface, preventing collapse of the lung at the end of expiration. Recessive loss-of-function mutations of pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B) was initially described in infants who develop respiratory failure at birth. More recently, mutations in other constitutive surfactant proteins like surfactant protein C or implied in its metabolism like ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 3 (ABCA3) or NK2 homeobox (NKX2-1) were identified in newborn with respiratory distress but also in children with diffuse infiltrative pneumonia. Intra-alveolar accumulation of protein related to surfactant dysfunction leads to cough, hypoxemia and radiological abnormalities including ground-glass opacities and lung cysts. The clinical and radiological features associated with these genetic disorders, along with their treatment and outcome, are reviewed.
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