1
|
Chang Z, Dong X, Guan Z, Lu K, Chen X, Wei X, Guo H, Dang R, Wang J, Wang X, Xiao S, Yang Z, Liu H. Antigenic variation in hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of Newcastle disease virus isolated from Tibet, China. Vet Microbiol 2023; 285:109872. [PMID: 37690146 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are widely used to prevent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Under the pressure of immunization, NDVs with mutations among epitopes of F and HN protein were isolated, which indicates that the efficiency of vaccine may decrease in terms of preventing emerged NDV. However, the lack of evidences to support whether these mutations contribute to antigenic mutation and immune escape in NDV leading to the controversy that the matched vaccine is more effective than the mismatched vaccine. In this study, a genotype VII velogenic NDV strain (C22) was isolated from a vaccinated farm in Tibet, China. We found that this strain was close to NDV from east China, but it had a specific mutation (K138R) in one epitope (131DYIGGIGKE139) of HN protein. This mutation might change the interaction between amino acids in stalk-head link region of HN protein and then induce the specific antibody to worse recognize the C22 strain, but it did not alter viral virulence and growth ability. Then, the C22 strain was attenuated via modification of the F protein cleavage site to generate a matched vaccine. Comparing to a mismatched vaccine (LaSota), this matched vaccine showed advantages in inhibiting viral shedding and tissue damage. However, both vaccines induced chicken to generate similar level of neutralizing antibodies against C22, C22mut (R138K) and LaSota. These results suggest that the epitope mutation is insufficient to help NDV escaping neutralizing antibodies of vaccinated chicken, supporting that the merits of NDV matched vaccine are not totally related to humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kejia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanwei Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruyi Dang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Panner Selvam MK, Kanagaraj V, Kathaperumal K, Nissly RH, Daly JM, Kuchipudi SV. Comparative transcriptome analysis of spleen of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) infected chicken and Japanese quail: a potential role of NF-κβ pathway activation in NDV resistance. Virusdisease 2023; 34:402-409. [PMID: 37780899 PMCID: PMC10533468 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) affects a few hundred avian species including chicken and several species of domestic and wild birds. The clinical outcome of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection ranges from mild to severe fatal disease depending on the NDV pathotype and the host species involved. Japanese quails serve as natural reservoirs of NDV and play important role in NDV epidemiology. While infection of chicken with velogenic NDV results in severe often fatal illness, the same infection in Japanese quails results in inapparent infection. The molecular basis of this contrasting clinical outcomes of NDV infection is not yet clearly known. We compared global gene expression in spleen of chicken and Japanese quails infected with lentogenic and velogenic NDVs. We found contrasting regulation of key genes associated with NF-κB pathway and T-cell activation between chicken and Japanese quails. Our data suggests association of NDV resistance in Japanese quails to activation of NF-κB pathway and T cell proliferation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00833-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Vijayrani Kanagaraj
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Kumanan Kathaperumal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruth H. Nissly
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Janet M. Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Suresh V. Kuchipudi
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao Y, Bo Z, Ruan B, Guo M, Zhang C, Zhang X, Wu Y. Construction of Novel Thermostable Chimeric Vaccine Candidates for Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus. Viruses 2022; 15:82. [PMID: 36680122 PMCID: PMC9866313 DOI: 10.3390/v15010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) has caused a pandemic in many countries and usually causes fatal consequences in infected chickens. Although current commercial attenuated NDV vaccines can provide an ideal protection against genotype VII NDV, they cannot completely prevent the infection and viral shedding, and the genotype of some vaccine strains cannot match with the prevalent strain. In this study, in order to construct a thermostable and genotype VII-matched live attenuated vaccine, we used a thermostable genotype VIII virulent HR09 strain as the backbone and replaced its F gene with that of the genotype VII DT-2014 strain. Meanwhile, the cleavage site of F gene of DT-2014 was mutated to that of class I F protein and avirulent class II F protein, respectively. The results showed that the two chimeric viruses, designated rcHR09-CI and rcHR09-CII, shared a similar growth kinetics and thermostability with their parental HR09 strain. Mean death time (MDT) and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) tests showed that the two chimeric viruses were highly attenuated. Though both chimeric NDVs and La Sota vaccine strain could provide complete protection to immunized chickens against the challenge of virulent genotype VII ZJ1 strain, the two chimeric NDVs could induce a higher level of antibody response against ZJ1 strain and could significantly reduce the viral shedding compared with La Sota vaccine strain. In conclusion, our study constructed two chimeric thermostable genotype VII-matched NDV vaccine candidates, which provided complete protection against the challenge of virulent genotype VII NDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baoyang Ruan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fulber JPC, Kamen AA. Development and Scalable Production of Newcastle Disease Virus-Vectored Vaccines for Human and Veterinary Use. Viruses 2022; 14:975. [PMID: 35632717 PMCID: PMC9143368 DOI: 10.3390/v14050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for efficient vaccine platforms that can rapidly be developed and manufactured on a large scale to immunize the population against emerging viruses. Viral-vectored vaccines are prominent vaccine platforms that have been approved for use against the Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2. The Newcastle Disease Virus is a promising viral vector, as an avian paramyxovirus that infects poultry but is safe for use in humans and other animals. NDV has been extensively studied not only as an oncolytic virus but also a vector for human and veterinary vaccines, with currently ongoing clinical trials for use against SARS-CoV-2. However, there is a gap in NDV research when it comes to process development and scalable manufacturing, which are critical for future approved vaccines. In this review, we summarize the advantages of NDV as a viral vector, describe the steps and limitations to generating recombinant NDV constructs, review the advances in human and veterinary vaccine candidates in pre-clinical and clinical tests, and elaborate on production in embryonated chicken eggs and cell culture. Mainly, we discuss the existing data on NDV propagation from a process development perspective and provide prospects for the next steps necessary to potentially achieve large-scale NDV-vectored vaccine manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Raza A, Asif Rasheed M, Raza S, Tariq Navid M, Afzal A, Jamil F. Prediction and analysis of multi epitope based vaccine against Newcastle disease virus based on haemagglutinin neuraminidase protein. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3006-3014. [PMID: 35531218 PMCID: PMC9073007 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian orthoavulavirus, is a causative agent of Newcastle disease named (NDV), and can cause even the epidemics when disease is not treated. Previously several vaccines based on attenuated and inactivated viruses have been reported which are rendered useless with the passage of time due to versatile changes in viral genome. Therefore, we aimed to develop an effective multi-epitope vaccine against the haemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) protein of 26 NDV strains from Pakistan through a modern immunoinformatic approaches. As a result, a vaccine chimaera was constructed by combining T-cell and B-cell epitopes with the appropriate linkers and adjuvant. The designed vaccine was highly immunogenic, non-allergen and antigenic; therefore, the potential 3D-structureof multi epitope vaccine was constructed, refined and validated. A molecular docking study of a multiepitope vaccine candidate with the chicken Toll-like receptor-4 indicated successful binding. An In silico immunological simulation was used to evaluate the candidate vaccine's ability to elicit an effective immune response. According to the computational studies, the proposed multiepitope vaccine is physically stable and may induce immune responses whichsuggested it a strong candidate against 26 Newcastle disease virus strains from Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Raza
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Rasheed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Raza
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Navid
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Afzal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fulber JPC, Farnós O, Kiesslich S, Yang Z, Dash S, Susta L, Wootton SK, Kamen AA. Process Development for Newcastle Disease Virus-Vectored Vaccines in Serum-Free Vero Cell Suspension Cultures. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111335. [PMID: 34835266 PMCID: PMC8623276 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic drew global attention to infectious diseases, attracting numerous resources for development of pandemic preparedness plans and vaccine platforms—technologies with robust manufacturing processes that can quickly be pivoted to target emerging diseases. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) has been studied as a viral vector for human and veterinary vaccines, but its production relies heavily on embryonated chicken eggs, with very few studies producing NDV in cell culture. Here, NDV is produced in suspension Vero cells, and analytical assays (TCID50 and ddPCR) are developed to quantify infectious and total viral titer. NDV-GFP and NDV-FLS (SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein) constructs were adapted to replicate in Vero and HEK293 suspension cultures using serum-free media, while fine-tuning parameters such as MOI, temperature, and trypsin concentration. Shake flask productions with Vero cells resulted in infectious titers of 1.07 × 108 TCID50/mL for NDV-GFP and 1.33 × 108 TCID50/mL for NDV-FLS. Production in 1 L batch bioreactors also resulted in high titers in culture supernatants, reaching 2.37 × 108 TCID50/mL for NDV-GFP and 3.16 × 107 TCID50/mL for NDV-FLS. This shows effective NDV production in cell culture, building the basis for a scalable vectored-vaccine manufacturing process that can be applied to different targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Puppin Chaves Fulber
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Omar Farnós
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Sascha Kiesslich
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Shantoshini Dash
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.S.); (S.K.W.)
| | - Sarah K. Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.S.); (S.K.W.)
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kiani MH, Bozorgmehrifard MH, Hosseini H, Charkhkar S, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Two Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Chickens in Iran. Arch Razi Inst 2021; 76:31-39. [PMID: 33818955 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2019.124844.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral infection affecting many species of birds that can spread fast between poultry houses and cause a heavy economic burden on the poultry industry all around the world. Fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein are important in the pathogenesis of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The HN protein is a critical viral protein with multiple functions and plays a key role in the formation of the virulence of NDV. Head of HN protein is responsible for receptor binding, neuraminidase activity. This study aimed to investigate the sequence homology of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of two NDV isolates sampled from infected farms in Iran. The samples were collected from flocks that had been vaccinated by both types of live and killed vaccines for NDV. After isolation of NDV, the viruses were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using two pairs of specific primers designed for the HN gene to amplify the complete HN gene (1730bp). Afterward, the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic tree construction software. Based on the analysis, substantial sequence homology among Iranian isolates is within the range of 97.1-100%. Moreover, the sequence homology searching revealed a level of similarity between HN sequences of Iranian isolates and the HN sequences from other countries, particularly Asian ones. For instance, a high homology ratio (95.34%) was found between Iranian isolates and the sequences registered on online molecular databases from China. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the NDV isolates belong to the VIId genotype. Finally, it can be concluded that monitoring the circulation of NDVs among poultry and other birds can help to obtain an insight into the evolution of NDVs and control of panzootic viruses in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Kiani
- Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M H Bozorgmehrifard
- Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - S Charkhkar
- Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohebbi A, Ebrahimzadeh MS, Baghban Rahimi S, Saeidi M, Tabarraei A, Mohebbi SR, Shirian S, Gorji A, Ghaemi A. Non-replicating Newcastle Disease Virus as an adjuvant for DNA vaccine enhances antitumor efficacy through the induction of TRAIL and granzyme B expression. Virus Res 2018; 261:72-80. [PMID: 30599161 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential of non-replicating Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) as an adjuvant for DNA vaccination remains to be elucidated. To assess the therapeutic effects of DNA vaccine (HPV-16 E7 gene) adjuvanted with NDV, female C57/BL6 mice were inoculated with murine TC-1 cells of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related carcinoma, expressing human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) E6/E7 antigens, and immunized with DNA vaccine alone or pretreated with NDV. One week after third immunization, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), splenocyte proliferation, cytokine balance (IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-12 secretions) and intratumoral expression of cytotoxicity related proteins in tumor lysates were investigated. The results showed that treatment with non-replicating NDV prior to DNA vaccine induced tumor-specific cytolytic and splenocyte proliferation responses. The levels of cytokines IL-12, IL-4 and IFN-γ after treating with combined E7-DNA -non-replicating NDV (NDV-DNA Vaccine) were significantly higher than those of control groups. The intratumoral granzyme B and Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis was also significantly increased. Tumor therapeutic experiments showed that the NDV pretreatment could reduce the tumor progression of established E7-expressing TC-tumors. Taken together these data suggest that the significant antitumor responses evidenced during treatment with non-replicating NDV prior to DNA vaccine are due, in part, to strong E7-induced cellular immunity and enhanced expression of cytotoxicity related proteins in the tumor microenvironment. These observations indicated the potential of non-replicating NDV as an adjuvant for enhancing therapeutic DNA vaccines -induced immunity and antitumor responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mohebbi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Baghban Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 27a, 48149, Münster, Germany; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ricca JM, Oseledchyk A, Walther T, Liu C, Mangarin L, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Zamarin D. Pre-existing Immunity to Oncolytic Virus Potentiates Its Immunotherapeutic Efficacy. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1008-1019. [PMID: 29478729 PMCID: PMC6079372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-viral immunity presents a major hurdle for systemically administered oncolytic viruses (OV). Intratumoral OV therapy has a potential to overcome this problem through activation of anti-tumor immune response, with local and abscopal effects. However, the effects of anti-viral immunity in such a setting are still not well defined. Using Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) as a model, we explore the effects of pre-existing anti-viral immunity on therapeutic efficacy in syngeneic mouse tumor models. Unexpectedly, we find that while pre-existing immunity to NDV limits its replication in tumors, tumor clearance, abscopal anti-tumor immune effects, and survival are not compromised and, on the contrary, are superior in NDV-immunized mice. These findings demonstrate that pre-existing immunity to NDV may increase its therapeutic efficacy through potentiation of systemic anti-tumor immunity, which provides clinical rationale for repeated therapeutic dosing and prompts investigation of such effects with other OVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Ricca
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anton Oseledchyk
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tyler Walther
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cailian Liu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Levi Mangarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo Y, Zhang Q, Zuo Z, Chu J, Xiao H, Javed MT, He C. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) induced a better antiviral effect by immune enhancement in SPF chickens. Microb Pathog 2017; 114:233-238. [PMID: 29217325 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an antiviral agent against Avian Influenza virus (AIV) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) virus, but its antiviral mechanism is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the humoral and cellular responses to PCA in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. One hundred forty 35-day-old SPF chickens were randomly divided into 7 groups. The birds were inoculated with the commercial, attenuated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine and then received orally with 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight of PCA for 30 days. Immune organ indexes, anti-Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation, but not body weight, were significantly increased in chicken treated with 40 mg/kg PCA, compared to the control birds treated with Astragalus polysaccharide (ASP). Survival rate was 70% and 60%, respectively, in the chickens with 40 mg/kg PCA, 20 mg/kg PCA while 50% survival was found in the birds treated with 125 mg/kg ASP. PCA treatment resulted in significantly lower viral load and reduced shedding. These results indicate that PCA may improve poultry health by enhancing both the humoral and cellular immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Guo
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zonghui Zuo
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Chu
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongzhi Xiao
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - M Tariq Javed
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Cheng He
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schwaiger T, Knittler MR, Grund C, Roemer-Oberdoerfer A, Kapp JF, Lerch MM, Mettenleiter TC, Mayerle J, Blohm U. Newcastle disease virus mediates pancreatic tumor rejection via NK cell activation and prevents cancer relapse by prompting adaptive immunity. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2505-2516. [PMID: 28857157 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the 8th most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the tumor with the poorest prognosis of all solid malignancies. In 1957, it was discovered that Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has oncolytic properties on tumor cells. To study the oncolytic properties of NDV in pancreatic cancer a single dose was administered intravenously in a syngeneic orthotopic tumor model using two different murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (DT6606PDA, Panc02). Tumor growth was monitored and immune response was analyzed. A single treatment with NDV inhibited DT6606PDA tumor growth in mice and prevented recurrence for a period of three months. Tumor infiltration and systemic activation of NK cells, cytotoxic and helper T-cells was enhanced. NDV-induced melting of Panc02 tumors until d7 pi, but they recurred displaying unrestricted tumor growth, low immunogenicity and inhibition of tumor-specific immune response. Arrest of DT6606PDA tumor growth and rejection was mediated by activation of NK cells and a specific antitumor immune response via T-cells. Panc02 tumors rapidly decreased until d7 pi, but henceforth tumors characterized by the ability to perform immune-regulatory functions reappeared. Our results demonstrated that NDV-activated immune cells are able to reject tumors provided that an adaptive antitumor immune response can be initiated. However, activated NK cells that are abundant in Panc02 tumors lead to outgrowth of nonimmunogenic tumor cells with inhibitory properties. Our study emphasizes the importance of an adaptive immune response, which is initiated by NDV to mediate long-term tumor surveillance in addition to direct oncolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schwaiger
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael R Knittler
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christian Grund
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angela Roemer-Oberdoerfer
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum der LMU München-Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blohm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Voss-Rech D, Trevisol IM, Brentano L, Silva VS, Rebelatto R, Jaenisch FRF, Okino CH, Mores MAZ, Coldebella A, Botton SDA, Vaz CSL. Impact of treatments for recycled broiler litter on the viability and infectivity of microorganisms. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:308-314. [PMID: 28619162 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The microbiological risk of recycled litter depends on the efficacy of the management system applied to inactivate residual microorganisms and preserve the health of the successive broiler flock. This study aimed to assess the viability and infectivity of the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) and Salmonella Heidelberg in recycled litter exposed to different treatments. The litter was contaminated with microorganisms and submitted to the treatments (T): T1: shallow fermentation; T2: quicklime (calcium oxide); T3: shallow fermentation followed by addition of quicklime; T4: no treatment. Sentinel chicks housed on the treated litter showed that T1 and T3 inactivated residual IBDV. Analysis of the litter subjected to T1 also showed reduced levels of total enterobacteria. T2 was not able to reduce the microorganisms assessed and its association with T1 (T3) failed to enhance the effect of the treatment. NDV did not survive in the broiler litter, regardless of the treatment applied, and it was also not detected in the sentinel chicks. S. Heidelberg remained viable in the litter submitted to all studied treatments, being isolated from the sentinel chicks of all the experimental groups. The antimicrobial activity of T1 and T3 was associated to higher ammonia contents in the broiler litter. The results indicate that the shallow fermentation treatment is efficient for controlling residual IBDV and total enterobacteria in the recycled litter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Voss-Rech
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, CEP: 89715-899, Concordia, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Iara Maria Trevisol
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, CEP: 89715-899, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - Liana Brentano
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, CEP: 89715-899, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Rebelatto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, CEP: 89715-899, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, CEP: 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Arlei Coldebella
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, CEP: 89715-899, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rezatofighi SE, Seydabadi A, Seyyed Nejad SM. Evaluating the Efficacy of Achillea millefolium and Thymus vulgaris Extracts Against Newcastle Disease Virus in Ovo. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e9016. [PMID: 25147678 PMCID: PMC4138681 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.9016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays natural products such as pure compounds and plant extract scan provide unlimited opportunities for new antiviral drugs. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most important viral diseases in poultry industry. Vaccination could provide protection against NDV outbreaks, but it is not sufficient because infections by NDVs have remained frequent around the world. Objectives: The current research aimed to study Achillea millefolium and Thymus vulgaris antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Materials and Methods: The antiviral activity of the plants was measured by the reduction assay of viral titer, and explained by inhibition percentage (IP). Results: Inhibition percentage was determined as 10 1.75, which indicated the ability of the extracts to reduce the viral potency by more than 56 folds. Conclusions: Both plants were found effective against Newcastle disease virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IR Iran, Tel:+98-6113331045, Fax:+98-6113331045, E-mail:
| | - Akram Seydabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu J, Peter I. Evidence of expression variation and allelic imbalance in Crohn's disease susceptibility genes NOD2 and ATG16L1 in human dendritic cells. Gene 2013; 527:496-502. [PMID: 23850724 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in induction and progression of Crohn's disease (CD). Accumulating evidence suggests that viral infection is required to trigger CD pathogenesis in genetically predisposed individuals. NOD2 and ATG16L1 are among the major CD susceptibility genes implicated in impaired immune response to bacterial infection. In this study, we investigated gene expression and allelic imbalance (AI) of NOD2 and ATG16L1 using common variants in human monocyte-derived DCs. Significant AI was observed in ~40% and ~70% of NOD2 and ATG16L1 heterozygotes, respectively (p<0.05). AI of NOD2 was inversely associated with its expression level (p=0.015). No correlation was detected between gene expression and AI for ATG16L1. When infected with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), NOD2 expression in DCs was induced about four-fold (p<0.001), whereas ATG16L1 expression was not affected (p=0.88). In addition, NDV infection tended to lower the variance in AI among DC populations for the NOD2 gene (p=0.05), but not the ATG16L1 gene (p=0.32). Findings of a simulation study, aimed to verify whether the observed variation in gene expression and AI is a result of sample-to-sample variability or experimental measurement error, suggested that NOD2 AI is likely to result from a deterministic event at a single cell level. Overall, our results present initial evidence that AI of the NOD2 and ATG16L1 genes exists in populations of human DCs. In addition, our findings suggest that viral infection may regulate NOD2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Orsi MA, Doretto L, Camillo SCA, Reischak D, Ribeiro SAM, Ramazzoti A, Mendonça AO, Spilki FR, Buzinaro MG, Ferreira HL, Arns CW. Prevalence of newcastle disease virus in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:349-57. [PMID: 24031503 PMCID: PMC3768679 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220100002000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out during 2002/2003, aiming to determine the prevalence of virulent Newcastle disease virus strains (NDV) in Brazilian commercial poultry farms. Clinical samples were obtained from the Southeastern, Southern and Central-Western regions, which comprise the main area of the Brazilian poultry production. Serum samples and tracheal and cloacal swabs of 23,745 broiler chickens from 1,583 flocks, including both vaccinated chickens and those with no vaccination information, were tested for NDV using a diagnostic ELISA kit. The seropositivity was 39.1%, and the isolation percentage by flock varied from 1.0 to 7.6%, and by region from 6.5 to 58.4%. Higher isolation rates (74.3-83.3%) were obtained after three passages in embryonated chicken eggs. All isolates preliminarily identified as NDV were characterized as nonpathogenic strains, as their Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI) was below 0.7. Based on results of this study, Brazil can claim a virulent NDV-free status for commercial flocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Orsi
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento , Campinas, SP , Brasil ; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, SP , Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhong B, Wang YY, Shu HB. Regulation of virus-triggered type I interferon signaling by cellular and viral proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 5:12-31. [PMID: 32215003 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-010-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize invading viral pathogens and initiate a series of signaling cascades that lead to the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines. During the past decade, significant progresses have been made to characterize PRRs such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of TLR- and RLR-mediated signaling. To avoid excessive and harmful immune effects caused by over-activation of these signaling pathways, host cells adopt a number of strategies to regulate them. In addition, invading viruses also employ a variety of mechanisms to inhibit the production of type I IFNs, thereby evading the supervision and clearance by the host. In this review, we briefly summarize the TLR- and RLR-mediated type I IFN signaling and then focus on the mechanisms by which host cellular and viral components regulate the expression of type I IFNs.
Collapse
|
17
|
Orsi M, Doretto Jr L, Camillo S, Reischak D, Ribeiro S, Ramazzoti A, Mendonça A, Spilki F, Buzinaro M, Ferreira H, Arns C. A survey for maintenance of virulent newcastle disease virus-free area in poultry production in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:368-75. [PMID: 24031506 PMCID: PMC3768700 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220100002000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2003, Brazil was recognized as a pathogenic Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) strain-free country for commercial poultry. This research was conducted in Brazil between December 2003 and March 2005 to verify the maintenance of this virulent NDV-free status. Serum samples from 5,455 flocks for commercial poultry farms were collected, comprising 81,825 broiler chickens. The farms were located in nine states of the country, grouped in three geographic regions. Serological evidence of NDV infection was detected in 28.8% of the surveyed farms. However, all fifteen viruses isolated and identified as Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) were characterized as nonpathogenic strains, based on the Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index. These results showed that Brazil preserves the virulent NDV-free status for commercial flocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Orsi
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Campinas, SP, Brasil,Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - L. Doretto Jr
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisa Animal, Amparo, SP, Brasil
| | - S.C.A. Camillo
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - D. Reischak
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - S.A.M. Ribeiro
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - A. Ramazzoti
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - A.O. Mendonça
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - F.R. Spilki
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | - M.G. Buzinaro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - H.L. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - C.W. Arns
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil,*Corresponding Author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, CP 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.; Tel: +55 19 35216267 Fax: +55 19 35216276.; E-mail address:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
In this review, I will suggest to divide all the approaches united now under common term "gene therapy" into two broad strategies of which the first one uses the methodology of targeted therapy with all its characteristics, but with genes in the role of agents targeted at a certain molecular component(s) presumably crucial for cancer maintenance. In contrast, the techniques of the other strategy are aimed at the destruction of tumors as a whole using the features shared by all cancers, for example relatively fast mitotic cell division or active angiogenesis. While the first strategy is "true" gene therapy, the second one is more like genetic surgery when a surgeon just cuts off a tumor with his scalpel and has no interest in knowing delicate mechanisms of cancer emergence and progression. I will try to substantiate the idea that the last strategy is the only right one, and its simplicity is paradoxically adequate to the super-complexity of tumors that originates from general complexity of cell regulation, strongly disturbed in tumor cells, and especially from the complexity of tumors as evolving cell populations, affecting also their ecological niche formed by neighboring normal cells and tissues. An analysis of the most widely used for such a "surgery" suicide gene/prodrug combinations will be presented in some more details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E D Sverdlov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAN, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|