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Meade MH, Kwan SA, Michael ME, Minissale NJ, Buchan L, Gleimer JR, Woods BI, Kepler C. Risk of noise-induced hearing loss in the spine surgeon. N Am Spine Soc J 2024; 17:100297. [PMID: 38125384 PMCID: PMC10727948 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2023.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Occupation-related noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has both negative economic and quality of life implications. The risk spine surgeons undertake in regards to NIHL during operative intervention is unknown. Governing bodies, including the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, have recommended exposure limits not to exceed 85 decibels (dB) over 8 hours. The purpose of this study is to characterize noise exposure to spine surgeons in the operating room (OR). Methods Prospective collection of intraoperative recordings of spinal surgeries (cervical and thoracic/lumbar) was undertaken. Data gathered included procedure, operative duration, presence of background music, and noise information. Noise information included maximum decibel level (MDL), Peak level (LCPeak), Equivalent continuous sound pressure level, time weighted average (TWA), dose, and projected dose. Noise measurements were compared with baseline controls with and without music (empty ORs). Results Two hundred seven noise recordings were analyzed. One hundred eighteen of those being spinal surgeries, 49 baseline recordings without music, and 40 with music. Maximum decibel level reached a maximum value of 111.5 dBA, with an average amongst surgical recordings of 103 dBA. Maximum decibel level exceeded 85 dBA in 100% of cases and was greater than 100 dBA in 78%. The maximum LCPeak recorded was 132.9 dBC with an average of 120 dBC. Furthermore, the average dose was 7.8% with an average projected dose of 26.5%. The highest dose occurred during a laminectomy at 72.9% of daily allowable noise. Maximum projected dose yielded 156% during a 3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Conclusions Spine surgeons are routinely exposed to damaging noise levels (>85 dBA) during operative intervention. With spine surgeons often performing multiple surgeries a day, the cumulative risk of noise exposure cannot be ignored. The synergistic effects of continuous and impact noise places spine surgeons at risk for the development of occupation-related NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H. Meade
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jefferson Health – New Jersey, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Kwan
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jefferson Health – New Jersey, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Mark E. Michael
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jefferson Health – New Jersey, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Minissale
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jefferson Health – New Jersey, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Levi Buchan
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jefferson Health – New Jersey, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Gleimer
- Regional Orthopedic Professional Association, Cherry Hill, NJ, United States
| | - Barrett I. Woods
- The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, 925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Christopher Kepler
- The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, 925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
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Kumar S, Sinha S, Khan Y, Kumar A, Qureshi OA, Jameel J. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Radiation and its Hazards Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in India: A Questionnaire-Based Study. Indian J Orthop 2024; 58:182-189. [PMID: 38312903 PMCID: PMC10830973 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Orthopaedic surgeons are among the most frequent users of radiation and are often exposed to X-Ray radiation regularly. There is an overall unsatisfactory level of knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the same among surgeons. This study aimed to assess the practices among orthopaedic surgeons regarding radiation and its hazards in India. Methodology This questionnaire-based survey was conducted between March and September 2022. The questionnaire broadly assessed the knowledge, awareness, and practices among orthopaedic surgeons regularly exposed to X-ray radiation. The questionnaire consisted of objective and Likert scale questions which were distributed to the respondents electronically using publicly available contact information. A qualitative review of interpretations obtained from the responses and available evidence in the literature was then performed. Results The response rate for the survey was 36.4%. 65.9% reported using trunk protection all the time during procedures. 57.1% of respondents reported not using thyroid protection during procedures. 92.3% reported not using protective goggles and 100% did not use appropriate gloves. 76.9% were not issued dosimeters, and only 5.5% of those who had been issued one wore it during radiation procedures. 58.2% reported having a dedicated employee to operate the machine. 86.8% of respondents did not have formal training and 81.3% were not aware of institutes offering formal training. Conclusion There is very high compliance with the use of protection aprons among the respondents however, the use of other apparel like thyroid shields, protection goggles and gloves was poor. The awareness regarding radiation exposure was also poor as most respondents were not issued dosimeters, however, those issued with one were well aware of their exposure. It is imperative to prioritize both surgeons' and patients' safety where radiation exposure is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddhartha Sinha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Yasim Khan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Owais A. Qureshi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Jameel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
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Wang H, Feng D, He Y, Jin X, Fu S. Comprehensive interventions to reduce occupational hazards among medical staff in the pathology department of five primary hospitals. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2136. [PMID: 37907892 PMCID: PMC10617185 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore comprehensive interventions to reduce occupational hazards among medical staff in the pathology department of five primary hospitals. METHODS The indoor air quality in the pathology department of five primary hospitals and the health status of staff were investigated and analyzed. Formaldehyde and benzene concentrations in the technical and diagnostic rooms of the pathology departments were analyzed before and after comprehensive interventions. The Environmental Protection Agency risk assessment paradigm was used to assess the health risks from occupational exposure to benzene and formaldehyde. Consequently, considering the local environment, targeted comprehensive intervention measures were developed, including optimizing management, raising awareness, updating equipment, and replacing reagents. RESULTS Eye discomfort was higher among technicians in the pathology department than among clinical medical staff (P < 0.05). Before comprehensive interventions, formaldehyde concentrations were higher in the technical room than in the diagnostic room at the five primary hospitals (P < 0.05). However, compared to before interventions, formaldehyde and benzene concentrations in both rooms were significantly lower after comprehensive interventions. Furthermore, although medium risks of occupational exposure to benzene and formaldehyde remained in both rooms before and after comprehensive interventions, the risk values before interventions were higher than after comprehensive interventions. The staff of the technical rooms showed higher risk values that those of the diagnostic rooms before and after comprehensive interventions. Similarly, although hazard quotient (HQ) values for occupational exposure to benzene and formaldehyde were < 1 in both the technical and diagnostic rooms before and after comprehensive interventions, with lower noncarcinogenic risks, the values were higher before than after comprehensive interventions. Moreover, staff in the technical room had higher HQ values before and after comprehensive interventions than those in the diagnostic room. The use of environmentally friendly reagents for the preparation of frozen sections was effective. CONCLUSION Comprehensive interventions significantly reduced occupational hazards among staff at the pathology department of five primary hospitals, which is of great practical significance to protect the health of staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311400, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dao Feng
- Department of Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunhua Jin
- Hospital Sense Department, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311100, People's Republic of China
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Naved MM, Wathore R, Kumbhare H, Gupta A, Labhasetwar N. Community kitchen tandoors (CKT)-a potential candidate for air pollution mitigation strategies? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:56317-56329. [PMID: 36917380 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Community kitchen tandoor (CKT) is a clay-based hollow cylindrical device commonly used in South Asian and Middle Eastern countries for baking flatbreads and cooking meat. These CKTs, generally fuelled by charcoal or wood, contribute significantly to the pollution loads in ambient air along with occupational exposure hazards. CKTs, being a part of the informal sector, lack emissions and safety guidelines. This study surveys 139 restaurants in CKT hotspots of New Delhi, India, to understand tandoor design and operational parameters and to assess PM2.5 and CO exposure concentrations at representative field restaurants. PM2.5 and CO exposure concentrations from traditional CKT was found to be several-folds higher than safe indoor air quality levels. Further, the traditional CKT was evaluated for different improved fuels (like briquettes and pellets) in the laboratory for PM2.5 and CO microenvironment concentrations. It was found that the fuel improvements in traditional CKT could not improve microenvironment concentrations to the desired levels; hence, an automated pellet-fed forced-draft improved tandoor with an improved combustion chamber design is demonstrated. The results of the laboratory trial of improved tandoor were compared with traditional tandoor (using pellets) and have shown 84% and 94% reductions in PM2.5 and CO concentrations, respectively, indicating significant benefits to the environment and health. We recommend implementing such improved CKT, on a large scale, combined with other identified control options, as a potential candidate under air pollution mitigation strategies in cities' action plans under National Clean Air Programme (NCAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mubashshir Naved
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Roshan Wathore
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Himanshu Kumbhare
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Delhi Zonal Centre, Naraina, New Delhi, 110028, India.
| | - Nitin Labhasetwar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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Ismail AU, Ibrahim SA, Gambo MD, Muhammad RF, Badamasi MM, Sulaiman I. Impact of differential occupational LPG exposure on cardiopulmonary indices, liver function, and oxidative stress in Northwestern city of Nigeria. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:160881. [PMID: 36521592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to hydrocarbon products has been associated with numerous health risks and toxicities. Outdoor or indoor occupational exposure to highly volatile and lipid-soluble hydrocarbons has been linked to impairment of respiratory, cardiovascular, and liver functions. This study is aimed at determining the potential impact of occupational exposure to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in varying work environments. Respiratory symptoms, oxidative stress, cardio-pulmonary, and liver function parameters were assessed among LPG workers in the Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Study subjects were recruited from LPG filling stations and street LPG retail shops. Results of the study showed that the forced vital capacity (FVC) of LPG station workers was significantly lower (2.81 L/min; H = 22.473, p < 0.001) relative to the values recorded among LPG retail shop workers and the controls (3.54 L/min and 4.24 L/min respectively). A similar reduction was seen in the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the forced expiratory flow in 25-75 % of forced vital capacity (FEF25-75) obtained from the filling station workers (H = 32.722, p < 0.001 & H = 15.655, p <0.001 respectively). Furthermore, exposure to non-combusted LPG increased systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and serum liver enzymes. Findings from this study revealed that despite the high amount of coarse particulate matter in LPG retail shops, the filling station workers are more susceptible to the impairment of lung function possibly due to the high quantity of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in the filling station environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Usman Ismail
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Health Sciences, Al - Istiqama University, Nigeria; Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Nigeria
| | - Salisu Ahmed Ibrahim
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Nigeria
| | - Mahdi Dissi Gambo
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Nigeria
| | - Ramlah Farouq Muhammad
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Ibrahim Sulaiman
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Nigeria; Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados.
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Fesseha H, Kefelegn T, Mathewos M. Animal care professionals' practice towards zoonotic disease management and infection control practice in selected districts of Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09485. [PMID: 35637673 PMCID: PMC9142852 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinary practices or activities expose professionals to occupational hazards, including infection with zoonotic diseases, during contact with animals. To assess animal care professionals' practice towards zoonotic disease management and infection control practices (ICPs) in selected areas of the Wolaita zone, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire survey. A total of 287 animal care professionals were registered by the Wolaita zone livestock and fishery office and working in nine different districts of the Wolaita zone. Of these, 135 animal care professionals working across nine different districts of the Wolaita zone were interviewed in the current study. The survey showed that about 55% (74/135) of respondents were animal health assistants, and about 84% (114/135) of the professionals were males. In terms of utilization of ICP, about 72% of professionals routinely wash their hands before eating and drinking in their workplace. However, approximately 7% of professionals sometimes eat or drink at the workplace. Additionally, almost 32% of the professionals always wash their hands between patient contacts. In the survey, approximately 49% of veterinarians said they sterilized and reused disposable needles. When dealing with an animal suspected of carrying a zoonotic infection, nearly 25% of experts isolate or quarantine diseased animals, and only about 25% of the experts remove their personal protective equipment (PPE) before interacting with other animals. Approximately 62% of responders said they used outwear (PPE) when carrying out surgery and 28% when performing a necropsy. Nearly 39% of veterinarians reported using gloves and gowns when assisting with parturition or handling conception products, and around 36% of practitioners utilized proper PPE when handling blood samples. Our findings show that the veterinary community in the Wolaita Zone's selected sites needs to be educated about ICPs regularly. A better understanding of the risk of zoonotic disease exposure, as well as alternatives for reducing this risk and liability problems, may encourage the use of infection control measures. Successful partnerships across multiple professional sectors should use a One Health approach that includes stakeholders from the human, animal, and environmental categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haben Fesseha
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Tasew Kefelegn
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Mathewos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Li JH, Zhou S, Huang JJ, Nie X. [Investigation on occupational hazard factors in teaching and research places of a university]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2022; 40:308-310. [PMID: 35545603 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200903-00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate and monitor the occupational hazards in the Teaching and Research Laboratory (hereinafter referred to as the place) of a university, so as to provide basis for the occupational health work in the university. Methods: November 2014, 46 places in a university were selected by stratified random sampling, and the occupational health risk factors were investigated. Results: Indoor temperature, humidity, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were detected in 21 sites, xylene and hydrofluoric acid were detected in 6 sites, and colony count was detected in 18 sites, the power frequency electric field intensity was measured in 23 places, and the x-ray radiation dose was measured in 4 places. Noise was measured at 21 sites, with 7 sites exceeding the standards accounting for 33.3% (7/21) ; 21 sites were detected for illumination and 10 sites for nonconformity accounting for 47.6% (10/21) ; 10 sites for Microwave Radiation and 3 sites exceeding the standards accounting for 30% (3/10) ; and 25 sites were detected for outdoor air volume and air velocity, the percentage of unqualified was 72% (18/25) in 18 sites, among which the wind velocity was statistically significant in teaching, research and experimental sites (P=0.010) . Conclusion: The occupational hazards in the teaching and research places of a university should be paid attention to, and the engineering protection and personal protection should be strengthened in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Li
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, 921st Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force, Changsha 410003, China
| | - S Zhou
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, 921st Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force, Changsha 410003, China
| | - J J Huang
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, 921st Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force, Changsha 410003, China
| | - X Nie
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, 921st Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force, Changsha 410003, China
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Zbeidy R, Livingstone J, Shatz V, Raveh Y, Gad R, Nicolau-Raducu R, Souki FG. Occurrence and Outcome of Blood-Contaminated Percutaneous Injuries among Anesthesia practitioners: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Qual Health Care 2022; 34:6550637. [PMID: 35303082 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthesia practitioners are at risk for percutaneous injuries by blood-contaminated needles and sharp objects that may result in transmission of HIV and hepatitis viruses. Reporting these injuries is important for early prevention and management of blood-borne infections. We investigated the occurrence, reporting, characteristics, and outcome of contaminated percutaneous injuries (CPI) in anesthesia residents, fellows, and faculty. METHODS A cross-sectional anonymous survey electronically distributed to all 214 anesthesia practitioners at a large academic multihospital-based anesthesia practice in Florida, USA. RESULTS The overall response rate was 51% (110/214) (60% (50/83) for residents, 50% (8/16) for fellows, 45% (52/115) for anesthesia faculty). 59% (65/110) (95%CI: 50,68) of participants reported having one or more CPI during their years of anesthesia practice (residents 42% (95%CI: 29,55), fellows 50%, faculty 77% (95%CI: 66,88). Numbers of CPI per anesthesia practitioner who answered survey was 0.58 for residents, 0.75 for fellows, and 1.5 for faculty.Within the last 5 years, 35% (95%CI: 26,44) of participants had one or more CPI (39% of residents, 50% of fellows, 29% of faculty. CPI in the last 5 years in faculty older than 45 years of age was 12% (3/25) compared to 44% (12/27) in faculty younger than 45 years of age.Analyzing data from practitioners who had one CPI revealed that 70% (95%CI: 55,85) reported the incident at the time of injury (residents 85%, fellows 100%, faculty 58%). Hollow-bore needles constituted 73.5% (95%CI: 59,88) of injuries. As per participants responses, 17% (18/103) of CPIs received post-exposure prophylaxis and there were zero seroconversions. CONCLUSION Based on our study results, most anesthesia practitioners will sustain a CPI during their years of practice. Despite some improvement compared to historic figures, occurrence of CPI continues to be high and reporting of percutaneous injuries remains suboptimal among anesthesia residents. A fifth of injuries in the perioperative setting are from an infected source and require postexposure prophylaxis. Although no infections were reported due to CPI exposure in this study, findings underscore the need for more education and interventions to reduce occupational blood exposures in anesthesia practitioners and improve reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine Zbeidy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua Livingstone
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Vadim Shatz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yehuda Raveh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rofayda Gad
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ramona Nicolau-Raducu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Fouad G Souki
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
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Chambers J, Whitbeck M. Reaching for the ultimate radiation safety goal of zero. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2022; 36:56-57. [PMID: 34998649 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Chambers
- Metropolitan Heart and Vascular Institute, Mercy Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
| | - Matthew Whitbeck
- Metropolitan Heart and Vascular Institute, Mercy Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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Larroque M, Arnaudguilhem C, Bouyssiere B, Quenet F, Bouazza N, Jarlier M, Boulabas S, Mounicou S, Sgarbura O. Evaluation of the environmental contamination and exposure risk in medical/non-medical staff after oxaliplatin-based pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 429:115694. [PMID: 34428445 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a technique to directly deliver chemotherapeutic drugs in the abdomen for the treatment of peritoneal metastases. Pressurization improves the treatment efficacy but increases the risk of exposure for the medical/non-medical staff who can be exposed by dermal or ocular contact, or inhalation of aerosols containing the cytotoxic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of exposure for the medical/non-medical staff (nurses, surgeons, anaesthesiologists and cleaning personnel; n = 13) during PIPAC with oxaliplatin performed according to the protocol recommended in France. Blood samples were collected 1 h before and immediately after PIPAC, and urine samples 1 h before, and then 3 h and the morning after PIPAC. In the control, non-exposed group (n = 7), only one urine and blood sample were collected. Surface contamination in the operating room was assessed in water- and Surfanios-impregnated wipe samples. The total elemental platinum in each sample was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, using a method adapted to quantify trace amounts (ng.L-1) in very low volumes (100 μl). No surface contamination was detected. Although 25% of urine samples in the exposed group contained platinum, no statistical difference was observed in urine and plasma samples collected before and after PIPAC and with the control group samples. These findings suggest that the French PIPAC protocol does not increase the risk of exposure to platinum in all staff categories involved. This protocol could be considered in future occupational policies and consensus statements. Trial registration: NCT04014426.
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Tang LH, Bian C, Yu SF. [Research progress on occupational hazard factors of civil aviation employees]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2021; 39:397-400. [PMID: 34074093 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20191211-00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the related research on occupational hazards of civil aviation employees at home and abroad is reviewed, and the effects of noise, radioactivity, harmful gas, bad posture, occupational stress, fatigue and many other factors on the health of civil aviation employees are summarized. This paper describes the characteristics of occupational hazard factors and their effects on the health of civil aviation employees in order to provide a basis for the management of civil aviation related units to control occupational hazard factors. The occupational health problems of civil aviation employees need to be paid attention to and managed.
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12
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Vajapey SP, Li M, Glassman AH. Occupational hazards of orthopaedic surgery and adult reconstruction: A cross-sectional study. J Orthop 2021; 25:23-30. [PMID: 33897136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational injuries and hazards related to orthopaedic surgery are not well studied, and what is published on this topic is largely based on in vitro or in vivo animal studies. Objectives To evaluate the self-reported prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) overuse disorders and other conditions among orthopaedic surgeons, especially those performing total hip (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and report the factors placing these surgeons at higher risk for occupational health hazards. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 66 currently practicing orthopaedic surgeons in the Midwestern United States. An online survey was sent to the participants, and all responses were collected anonymously. The survey consisted of 18 multiple-choice questions. Results Almost 82% of surgeons surveyed had either a musculoskeletal (MSK) overuse disorder, kidney stones, cataracts, infertility, deafness, or a combination of the above. Fifty-three percent of these respondents believed their medical conditions arose due to their job demands or exposure. A majority of the orthopaedic surgeons surveyed wanted to retire at either 60-65 years of age (31.8%) or 66-70 years of age (47%). Nearly 88% of the survey respondents believed they will be able to meet the demands of their job until their intended retirement age. The prevalence of an overuse disorder was highest for those who have been in practice for 21-30 years (100%). There was a trend toward higher rate of surgery for overuse condition in Adult Reconstruction (AR) surgeons. Rotator cuff disease was the most common MSK disorder affecting AR surgeons. Conclusion A majority (>80%) of orthopaedic surgeons suffer from a musculoskeletal overuse disorder, kidney stones, cataracts, infertility, deafness, or a combination of these. A significant proportion (53%) of surgeons believe one or more of their medical conditions developed due to occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravya P Vajapey
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mengnai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew H Glassman
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Shakrawal N, Rajan N. The Perils of Covid-19 for Otorhinolaryngologists: An Overview. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 73:92-96. [PMID: 32837944 PMCID: PMC7381858 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Covid-19 symptoms are commonly seen in Otorhinolaryngology clinics on a daily basis. This article provides a brief review of the current knowledge regarding SARS Cov-2 including disease transmission, clinical characteristics and occupational hazard. The article focuses on the adequate precautions needed for Otorhinolaryngologists. We, being involved in the frequent manipulation of the aero-digestive tract containing a high viral load carry the biggest threat of an occupational hazard. We should be aware of utmost importance of effective use of full or enhanced Personal Protective Equipment during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Shakrawal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - Nikhil Rajan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
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Palma S, Gnambs T, Crevenna R, Jordakieva G. Airborne human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission risk during ablation procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res 2021; 192:110437. [PMID: 33181134 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with development of oropharyngeal cancer. Aim of this review was to assess airborne transmission risk of infectious particles from HPV lesions to airway mucosa of medical staff during established ablation procedures. METHODS A systematic review of human and animal studies, published before 09/2020, relevant to airborne HPV transmission. Controlled studies reporting prevalence of HPV-associated upper airway (nasal/oral/pharyngeal) disease in staff performing ablation procedures (laser, loop electrosurgical excision [LEEP], cryosurgery) on HPV lesions were included in meta-analysis. Additionally, we aimed for a comprehensive systematic overview of studies regarding occupational risk of airborne HPV transmission and safety measures during ablation procedures. RESULTS A total of n = 30 original studies report outcomes related to HPV transmission risk in medical staff conducting ablation procedures. HPV DNA detection in ablation smoke (n = 7), matching HPV genotypes on ablated HPV lesions and face/airways of medical staff after ablation (n = 2), and evidence for infectivity of papillomavirus in ablation smoke (n = 3, animal models only) were reported. Three case reports describe occupational HPV disease of upper airway mucosa. Three controlled studies assessed warts (in CO2 laser-users only); when pooling all controls (general population, non-laser users), nasal/oral/pharyngeal lesion sites were more common amongst laser-users (OR = 5.75; 95%CI[1.55, 21.38]; p < .001). DISCUSSION Airborne HPV dispersal with matching "high-risk" HPV-genotypes in airways of medical staff after ablations (LEEP and CO2-laser) and cases of HPV-associated upper airways neoplasms based on exposure to laser and LEEP smoke are documented. Upper airway mucosa is a more common anatomical site for warts in CO2 laser users compared to controls. Simple safety measures greatly reduce HPV contamination and transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palma
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timo Gnambs
- Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Wilhelmsplatz 3, 96047, Bamberg, Germany; Institute for Education and Psychology, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Sethi N, Evans D, Murray A. Needlestick Occurrences and Reporting Among Residents in the Operative Setting. J Surg Educ 2020; 77:1542-1551. [PMID: 32505669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Needlesticks are common work-related injuries suffered by health care professionals. We sought to identify prevalence of needlestick/sharps injuries of residents working in the operating room and identify contributing factors and barriers to reporting/seeking treatment. METHODS A 17-question survey on needlestick injuries was distributed to 168 residents in anesthesiology, surgery, and surgical subspecialties and the responses were analyzed for statistical significance of differences observed between departments. RESULTS Of 138 respondents (82% response rate), 49% of residents had at least one needlestick injury during training. One quarter did not report their injuries to employee health or seek treatment, with the largest percentage from general surgery (53%). The primary reasons for not reporting injuries or seeking treatment included time away from patient care and lack of concern about the injury. More than half (64%) of the anesthesiology residents who reported an injury thought fatigue was a contributing factor. CONCLUSIONS Half of residents sustained an injury and a quarter of injuries did not get reported, with the most valid reason being too much time away from patient care. Only anesthesiology residents commonly cited fatigue as a contributor to their needlestick/sharps injury. Understanding the program-specific needlestick/sharps injury incidence and prevalence, and the attitudes about reporting injuries and seeking treatment, is a first step toward prevention of injury for residents in training. ACGME Core Competencies: Medical Knowledge, Practice-based Learning and Improvement, Professionalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Sethi
- Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois.
| | - Douglas Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Amy Murray
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
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Meng CM, Qiao PH, Liang XJ, Meng ZL, Liu Q, Shi J, Qin WH, Zhang LY, Yu SF. [Application of an occupational health risk assessment method in dioctyl phthalate producing enterprise]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2020; 38:463-465. [PMID: 32629582 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20190325-00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To find the risk assessment model of [di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP] fitting well for producing companies. Methods: The Cluster Sampling method was used in selecting a DEHP producing company in the occupational health and workplace environment monitoring study conducted between July and August in 2017. Data was collected by site evaluating and workplace environment monitoring. According to GBZ/T 298-2017《Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazards in the Workplace》, a qualitative assessment method and a semi-quantitative comprehensive index method were chosen as the models and were compared. Results: The occupational health risk of the two methods rated 4 (high risk) and 2 (negligible risk) . Conclusion: The semi-quantitative comprehensive index method is more comprehensive and accurate when used to assess the occupational health risk caused by DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Meng
- The Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - P H Qiao
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X J Liang
- Disease Control and prevention center of Kunshan City, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Z L Meng
- Pingdingshan First People's Hospital, Pingdingshan 467099, China
| | - Q Liu
- Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - J Shi
- Disease Control and prevention center of Kunshan City, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - W H Qin
- The Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - L Y Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - S F Yu
- The Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Spine surgery is a demanding surgical specialty which requires surgeons to operate for hours on end, often compromising good posture. Sustained poor posture in the operating room (OR) can be the source of many adverse health effects on spine surgeons. This study will analyze posture of a spine surgeon in different types of spine surgery cases. METHODS Posture of a surgeon was measured using the UPRIGHT Posture Training Device. The device was worn by the surgeon in the OR through a wide variety of spine surgery cases. RESULTS The percent time spent slouched while performing cervical, adult deformity, and lumbar spine surgeries is 39.9, 58.9, and 38.6, respectively. For all surgeries recorded, the percent time slouched is 41.6. The average procedure time was 145.3 min, with adult deformity cases on average being the longest (245.6 min) followed by cervical (152.9 min) and then lumbar (122.5 min). CONCLUSION Poor posture while operating is very likely to occur for many spine surgeons regardless of case type. This poor posture is maintained for long periods of time given the average spine surgery procedure recorded in the study was roughly 2.5 h long. Spine surgeons should be aware of the tendency for poor posture while operating, and they should try using posture-improving techniques to maintain good spine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezan A Kothari
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
| | - Timur M Urakov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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18
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Al Hosni M, Rouget C, Cusumano C, Garcia Lozcano E, Popescu H, Carrere S, Quénet F, Sgarbura O. Non-medical caregivers and the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the operating theatre: A survey on the perception of safety. J Visc Surg 2020; 157:461-7. [PMID: 32146147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last two decades, intraperitoneal(IP) chemotherapy during surgery achieved recognition in the management of peritoneal metastases. Occupational hazard became a concern leading to standardized safety measures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perceived level of information and protection among the non-medical caregivers involved in HIPEC and PIPAC in a high-volume center. METHODS All non-medical caregivers in the operating theatre of our institution were asked to answer a questionnaire between April and May 2018. The questionnaire included multiple choice questions and open questions structured in four parts: demographic variables, perceived level of information, perceived level of protection, interest in further education. RESULTS Forty-nine caregivers agreed to answer the questionnaire. All identified IP chemotherapy as an occupational risk. Thirty-eight persons (77.55%) trusted the protective value of safety measures during HIPEC compared to 32 (65.3%) during PIPAC. A total of 29 persons (59.18%) used some of the measures while 16 (32.65%) used all of them. Main reasons of non-use were slips and lapses (7 persons) and lack of comfort (4 persons). A total of 34 caregivers considered the level of information about safety protocols as good or very good (69%). A total of 46 persons considered the level of protection as satisfying or excellent (93.87%). A total of 36 (73.47%) interviewees expressed the need of receiving more information. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that non-medical caregivers in the operating theatres are aware of the occupational hazards related to the use of IP chemotherapy. The use of protective measures is associated with decreased level of perceived risk. However there is a high need of continuous education on this subject for the involved personnel.
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Song S, Wang XK, Yan HF. [Determination of tungsten and insoluble compounds in the air of workplace by ICP-OES]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2020; 37:858-861. [PMID: 31826556 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish the method for determination of tungsten and insoluble compounds in the air of workplace by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) . Methods: The tungsten and insoluble compounds were digested by microwave digestion apparatus using nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, detected by ICP-OES. Results: The linearity of tungsten and insoluble compounds (as tungsten) were good at the range of 0.16-100.0 μg/ml, the minimum quantitation concentration was 0.11 mg/m(3), the recovery was ranged from 81.9%-97.1%, the RSD of intra-and inter-batch precision were 0.5%-2.5% and 1.2%-4.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The determination method meet the requirement of analysis and apply to the determination of tungsten and insoluble compounds in the air of workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Song
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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20
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Himani, Kumar R, Ansari JA, Mahdi AA, Sharma D, Karunanand B, Datta SK. Blood Lead Levels in Occupationally Exposed Workers Involved in Battery Factories of Delhi-NCR Region: Effect on Vitamin D and Calcium Metabolism. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 35:80-87. [PMID: 32071499 PMCID: PMC6995464 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Workers involved in battery manufacturing or recycling factories are occupationally exposed to high concentrations of lead. In humans, lead can cause a wide range of biological effects depending upon the level and duration of exposure. The purpose of this study was to find out the blood lead levels (BLL) in occupationally exposed workers involved in battery industry in Delhi NCR region and to study whether lead affected the vitamin D (vit D) and calcium metabolism. For this study 100 occupationally lead-exposed battery workers (LEBW) and 100 non-lead exposed controls (NLEC) were recruited. BLL were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) technique while ELISA was performed to quantify the serum vit D levels in the study subjects. Routine biochemical parameters were measured by chemistry autoanalyzers. Statistical analysis was done using appropriate statistical tools. Results showed that BLL were significantly higher in LEBW as compared to NLEC (p < 0.0001). Serum vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly decreased in battery workers as compared to controls (p < 0.005). Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed significant negative correlation of BLL with serum Vitamin D and calcium levels. Significant positive correlation was observed between BLL and duration of lead exposure. Weak negative correlation was also observed between BLL and vit D even after adjusting for smoking status. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that higher BLL significantly alters the vit D and calcium metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani
- Department of Biochemistry, SGT Medical College & Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Jamal Akhtar Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Dilutpal Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Busi Karunanand
- Department of Biochemistry, SGT Medical College & Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana India
| | - Sudip Kumar Datta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. – 09, New Delhi, India
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Collier L, Primeau C. A tale of two cities: A comparison of urban and rural trauma in Medieval Denmark. Int J Paleopathol 2019; 24:175-184. [PMID: 30481700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the differences in frequency and type of trauma found in two Medieval cemeteries in Denmark, as well as the cultural and community implications of those differences. MATERIALS We examined 235 skeletons from the cemetery at Tjærby (rural) and 170 skeletons from the cemetery at Randers (urban) for trauma from the Medieval period in Denmark, 1050 to 1536 CE. METHODS Trauma was assessed through macroscopic examination and odds ratio and relative risk assessments were run to assess the difference in trauma. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the presence of trauma between the rural and urban cemeteries or between males and females. There were some significant differences in relative risk for trauma between the two cemeteries. CONCLUSIONS The division and variation in trauma between the two cemeteries is most likely related to differences in economy and occupation. SIGNIFICANCE There are relatively few studies that examine the difference in inherent risk of trauma between rural and urban Medieval communities, especially in Denmark. This research also adds to the growing body of literature in paleopathology that uses epidemiology to explore the parallels between patterns of trauma and community lifeways. LIMITATIONS The cemeteries are approximately 5 km distance from each other so similarities in the sample could be a result of location. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH A wider sample of Medieval cemeteries in Denmark needs be added to this analysis to provide a more complete picture of trauma patterns during this time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Collier
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Central Arkansas, 201 Donaghey Ave, PTC 300, Conway, AR 72035, USA.
| | - Charlotte Primeau
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Lv X, Wang XH, Wu L, He WJ, Xia JH. [Current status of reproductive health and its occupational influencing factors among female medical staff in a provincial maternal and child health hospital]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2018; 36:419-421. [PMID: 30248735 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the current status of reproductive health among the female medical staff in a provincial maternal and child health hospital and analyze the occupational influencing factors for reproductive health, particularly the effects of high-intensity work, work shift, chemical poisons, and physical and biological factors on reproductive health, and to provide a scientific basis for developing related intervention measures and promoting the reproductive health of professional females. Methods: A reproductive health questionnaire was designed in terms of age, type of work, professional title, education level, working hours, working strength, and the reproductive health of female staff to analyze the current status of reproductive health, working strength, and occupational hazardous factors. The female medical staff in the provincial maternal and child health hospital completed the questionnaire on the internal network of the hospital voluntarily. Results: Of all respondents, 19.46% had a history of miscarriage, 5.90% visited the hospital due to infertility, 21.31% had irregular menstruation within the last 3 months, and 30.57% had reproductive system disease; 72.28% of the investigated medical staff often worked at night, 47.25% often worked overtime (more than 3 days a week) , and 22.27% worked over 8 hours daily. The respondents who often worked overtime had a significantly higher prevalence of reproductive system disease than those who did not often work overtime (χ(2)= 58.65, P<0.01) . The respondents who often worked at night had a significantly higher rate of miscarriage than those who did not work at night (χ(2)=41.57, P<0.01) . In all respondents, 87.08% were often exposed to chemical injuries such as disinfectants, and 78.15% had contact with noise, radiation, and other physical injuries; the medical staff exposed to chemical and physical injuries had a significantly higher proportion of individuals with a history of miscarriage than the unexposed staff (χ(2)=10.04, P<0.01; χ(2)=13.30, P<0.01) . Conclusion: Much attention should be paid to the reproductive health of female medical staff in the provincial maternal and child health hospital, who have high working strength. The occupational hazard factors can be avoided by reasonably arranging the work schedule and creating a supportive environment to improve the reproductive health of female medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lv
- Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
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Hu L, Fang LY, Shen Z, Ren YD, Wang ZH, Xiong YJ, Yu GX, Sun LG, Ye Y. [Prevalence of reproductive system diseases among female workers in a city and related occupational influencing factors: an analysis of 9944 cases]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2018; 36:118-121. [PMID: 29699011 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of reproductive system diseases among female workers in a city and related occupational influencing factors. Methods: From June to September, 2016, a cross-sectional survey was used to select 9 944 female workers from six districts of Beijing and then a face-to-face questionnaire survey was performed. Univariate analysis using chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the risk factors for reproductive system diseases. Results: The age of 9944 female workers ranged from 18 to 65 years (mean 35.53±9.52 years) , and among them, 7 351 (73.92%) were married. The overall prevalence rate of reproductive system diseases among these 9944 female workers during the past three months was 28.29%, and the prevalence rates of hyperplasia of mammary glands, vaginitis, and hysteromyoma were 15.54%, 11.25%, and 6.77%, respectively. After adjustment for age, marital status, education level, and annual family income, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that frequent overtime work (odds ratio[OR]=1.119, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.070-1.343) , frequent night shifts (OR=1.198, 95%CI: 1.054-1.361) , standing for a long time (OR=1.197, 95%CI: 1.063-1.347) , sitting for a long time (OR=1.327, 95%CI: 1.191-1.479) , heavy workload (OR=1.429, 95%CI: 1.262-1.615) , exposure to lead (OR=1.696, 95%CI: 1.307-2.201) , exposure to mercury (OR=1.452, 95%CI: 1.086-1.940) , and exposure to ionizing radiation (OR=1.679, 95%CI: 1.424-1.980) were associated with reproductive system diseases. Conclusion: The prevalence of reproductive system diseases among female workers in Beijing is not optimistic. Reproductive system diseases are associated with frequent overtime work, frequent night shifts, standing for a long time, sitting for a long time, heavy workload, and exposure to lead, mercury, and ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hu
- Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control& Centers of Preventive Medical Research, Beijing 100020, China
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Kou ZX, Wang SL, Chen ZL, He YH, Yu WL, Mei LY, Zhang HD. [Influencing factors for reproductive health of female workers in petrochemical industry]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2018; 36:139-143. [PMID: 29699017 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the reproductive health status of female workers in petrochemical industry, and to provide a reference for improving reproductive health status and developing preventive and control measures for female workers in petrochemical industry. Methods: A face-to-face questionnaire survey was performed from January to October, 2016. The Questionnaire on Women's Reproductive Health was used to investigate the reproductive health of female workers in petrochemical industry. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the influencing factors for reproductive health of female workers in petrochemical industry. Results: Among the 7485 female workers, 1 268 (40.9%) had abnormal menstrual period, 1 437 (46.4%) had abnormal menstrual volume, 177 (28.5%) had hyperplasia of mammary glands, and 1 807 (24.6%) had gynecological inflammation. The reproductive system diseases in female workers in petrochemical industry were associated with the factors including age, marital status, education level, unhealthy living habits, abortion, overtime work, work shift, workload, video operation, occupational exposure, positive events, and negative events, and among these factors, negative events (odds ratio[OR]= 1.856) , unhealthy living habits (OR=1.542) , and positive events (OR=1.516) had greater impact on reproductive system diseases. Conclusion: Many chemical substances in the occupational environment of petrochemical industry can cause damage to the reproductive system, which not only affects the health of the female workers, but also poses potential threats to the health of their offspring. Occupational exposure, unhealthy living habits, overtime work, and work shift have great influence on reproductive system diseases in female workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Kou
- Gansu province center for disease control and prevention, Lanzhou 73000, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoroscopy use in spine surgery is increasing owing to the increasing popularity of minimally invasive techniques. The effectiveness and safe distance for protective barriers might have been commonly misrepresented. The present study evaluated x-ray propagation and the efficacy of protective barriers in the setting of spine surgery. METHODS A high-accuracy radiation dosimeter was used to measure x-ray exposure in an experimental setting replicating the spine surgery setup. Radiation was measured at different angles and distances from the x-ray source with and without protective barriers such as lead gowns and glass. RESULTS The radiation values return to baseline at 14 ft (4.3 m) in front of the x-ray source and 8 ft (2.4 m) behind it. Protective barriers with a 0.5-mm lead-equivalence reduced radiation exposure to baseline at 6 ft (1.8 m) and were 20% effective at 2 ft (0.6 m) from the emitter. CONCLUSION Spine surgeons who wear lead gowns during fluoroscopy could still be exposed to <80% of the radiation produced. Safe distances from fluoroscopy machines might be much farther than commonly believed. Alternatives to reduce the use of fluoroscopy for intraoperative imaging should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur M Urakov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem with an estimated 257 million chronically infected people. Indonesia is a moderately hepatitis B-endemic country with 7.1% prevalence of hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg). This infection is considered as an important occupational hazard among health care workers (HCWs), who may become further transmitters of this infection. The extent of hepatitis B among HCWs and specific control strategy are not available in Indonesia. A study was done on 644 HCWs, who were categorized into administration, nonintervention, and intervention groups. The prevalence of HBsAg, antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) was 4.7, 18.5, and 36.7% respectively, while 57.3% were negative for all seromarkers, indicating susceptibility to this infection. Increasing trend with age was observed in the exposure to infection (anti-HBc) (p <0.001) and the marker of resolved infection (HBsAg-, anti-HBc+, anti-HBs+) (p = 0.004), suggesting accumulated exposure to HBV infection by increasing age. Rising trend of exposure rate was also observed across the administration, nonintervention, and intervention groups (p < 0.001). By length of service period, significant escalation of exposure (p = 0.010) and resolved infection (p < 0.001) were also observed, suggesting increasing occupational risk to HBV infection. There is an urgent need to safeguard the HCWs with hepatitis B vaccination and provide continuing education at various health care setups. The establishment of a national policy and a roadmap for effective and efficient intervention is required for the prevention, diagnosis, postexposure management, and treatment of HBV infection in this special population. How to cite this article: Muljono DH, Wijayadi T, Sjahril R. Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Health Care Workers in Indonesia. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):88-92.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Muljono
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia; and Sydney Medical School University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Teguh Wijayadi
- Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia; Tarumanegara University, Jakarta Indonesia
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Pérez Ruiz C, Torres Salinas M, de la Red Bellvis G, Msabri N, Niño Aragón E, Sobrino Martínez J. [Incidence of accidental exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare professionals in a community hospital]. Gac Sanit 2016; 31:505-510. [PMID: 28096050 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the annual incidence of healthcare professionals' accidental exposure to blood and body fluids in a community hospital and describe their characteristics, associated situations and follow-up. METHOD A longitudinal, retrospective study of biological accidents voluntarily reported on a yearly basis by exposed healthcare professionals at Fundació Hospital de l'Esperit Sant (in Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain), between 2005 and 2014. A descriptive analysis of the variables related to the exposed professional, the exposure itself, its production mechanism and the source patient was conducted. The rate of exposure was calculated per 100 occupied beds and by job category. RESULTS 318 exposures were reported; 89.62% were percutaneous and the remainder were non-intact skin or mucous contamination. The mean percutaneous exposure incidence rate from 2005 to 2014 was 17.6 per 100 occupied beds/year (limits 10.3 in 2013 and 24.5 in 2005). Doctors were exposed to the greatest risk (5.29 exposures per 100 doctors). Over 50% occurred in a surgical setting. 44.2% of exposed healthcare professionals had been working at the centre for 1 year or less on average. Puncture was the most common percutaneous lesion. No cases of occupational viral transmission were reported. CONCLUSIONS The rate of percutaneous exposure reported in this hospital fluctuated significantly throughout the analysis period. Risk of exposure is related to job category, work experience, the setting and the activity performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pérez Ruiz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Fundació Hospital de l'Esperit Sant, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona), España
| | - Miquel Torres Salinas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Fundació Hospital de l'Esperit Sant, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona), España.
| | - Gloria de la Red Bellvis
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Fundació Hospital de l'Esperit Sant, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona), España
| | - Nada Msabri
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Fundació Hospital de l'Esperit Sant, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona), España
| | - Esther Niño Aragón
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Fundació Hospital de l'Esperit Sant, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona), España
| | - Javier Sobrino Martínez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Fundació Hospital de l'Esperit Sant, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona), España
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28
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Uranium mining is associated with lung cancer and other health problems among miners. Health impacts are related with miner exposure to radon gas progeny. OBJECTIVES This study estimates the health costs of excess lung cancer mortality among uranium miners in the largest uranium-producing district in the USA, centered in Grants, New Mexico. METHODS Lung cancer mortality rates on miners were used to estimate excess mortality and years of life lost (YLL) among the miner population in Grants from 1955 to 2005. A cost analysis was performed to estimate direct (medical) and indirect (premature mortality) health costs. RESULTS Total health costs ranged from $2·2 million to $7·7 million per excess death. This amounts to between $22·4 million and $165·8 million in annual health costs over the 1955-1990 mining period. Annual exposure-related lung cancer mortality was estimated at 2185·4 miners per 100 000, with a range of 1419·8-2974·3 per 100 000. CONCLUSIONS Given renewed interest in uranium worldwide, results suggest a re-evaluation of radon exposure standards and inclusion of miner long-term health into mining planning decisions.
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29
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Abstract
Mesothelioma is a rare tumour and its radiological growth pattern varies. We report the case of a biopsy proven Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) presenting as an anterior mediastinal mass in a platinum miner. The prognosis for this aggressive tumour remains poor, despite combination treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hassan
- Intensive Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital and University of Limpopo Medunsa Campus, South Africa
| | - A Goolam-Mahomed
- Intensive Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital and University of Limpopo Medunsa Campus, South Africa
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30
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Hillwalker WE, Anderson KA. Bioaccessibility of metals in alloys: evaluation of three surrogate biofluids. Environ Pollut 2014; 185:52-8. [PMID: 24212234 PMCID: PMC4069125 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility in vitro tests measure the solubility of materials in surrogate biofluids. However, the lack of uniform methods and the effects of variable test parameters on material solubility limit interpretation. One aim of this study was to measure and compare bioaccessibility of selected economically important alloys and metals in surrogate physiologically based biofluids representing oral, inhalation and dermal exposures. A second aim was to experimentally test different biofluid formulations and residence times in vitro. A third aim was evaluation of dissolution behavior of alloys with in vitro lung and dermal biofluid surrogates. This study evaluated the bioaccessibility of sixteen elements in six alloys and 3 elemental/metal powders. We found that the alloys/metals, the chemical properties of the surrogate fluid, and residence time all had major impacts on metal solubility. The large variability of bioaccessibility indicates the relevancy of assessing alloys as toxicologically distinct relative to individual metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Hillwalker
- Chemical Regulatory and Food Safety Center, Exponent, 1150 Connecticut Ave, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 22036, USA.
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, ALS 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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31
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Mass AY, Goldfarb DS, Shah O. Taxi cab syndrome: a review of the extensive genitourinary pathology experienced by taxi cab drivers and what we can do to help. Rev Urol 2014; 16:99-104. [PMID: 25337038 PMCID: PMC4191628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review consolidates knowledge regarding the extensive genitourinary pathology experienced by taxi cab drivers. Taxi cab, livery, truck, and other drivers all objectively and subjectively may have more voiding dysfunction, infertility, urolithiasis, bladder cancer, and urinary infections as compared with nonprofessional drivers; this is called taxi cab syndrome. Together with governmental and medical assistance, simple interventions-such as education, the addition of taxi relief stations, and possibly the use of sanitary urinary collection devices-to curb the progression of genitourinary disease in taxi drivers should be prospectively studied. It is postulated that many of these interventions may also benefit other groups of occupationally related infrequent voiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Y Mass
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - David S Goldfarb
- Nephrology Section, New York Harbor VA Healthcare System and Nephrology Division, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ojas Shah
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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32
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Abstract
Given their remarkable properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have made their way through various industrial and medicinal applications and the overall production of CNTs is expected to grow rapidly in the next few years, thus requiring an additional recruitment of workers. However, their unique applications and desirable properties are fraught with concerns regarding occupational exposure. The concern about worker exposure to CNTs arises from the results of recent animal studies. Short-term and sub-chronic exposure studies in rodents have shown consistent adverse health effects such as pulmonary inflammation, granulomas, fibrosis, genotoxicity and mesothelioma after inhalation or instillation of several types of CNTs. Furthermore, physicochemical properties of CNTs such as dispersion, functionalization and particle size can significantly affect their pulmonary toxicity. Risk estimates from animal studies necessitate implementation of protective measures to limit worker exposure to CNTs. Information on workplace exposure is very limited, however, studies have reported that CNTs can be aerosolized and attain respirable airborne levels during synthesis and processing activities in the workplace. Quantitative risk assessments from sub-chronic animal studies recommend the health-based need to reduce exposures below the recommended exposure limit of 1 µg/m3. Practice of prevention measures including the use of engineering controls, personal protective equipment, health surveillance program, safe handling and use, as well as worker training can significantly minimize worker exposure and improve worker health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Manke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA ; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA ; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- D Joshi
- Classified Specialist (Ophthalmology & Vitreo-retinal surgery), 7 Air Force Hospital, Kanpur
| | - P Shingal
- Classified Specialist (Ophthalmology), Command Hospital AF, Bangalore
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