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Ghai S, O'Brien C, Goldstein DP, Sawka AM. Ultrasound in active surveillance for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer: imaging considerations in case selection and disease surveillance. Insights Imaging 2021; 12:130. [PMID: 34529219 PMCID: PMC8446145 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-021-01072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Active surveillance (AS) of small, low-risk papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) is increasingly studied in prospective observational studies. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for case selection. While researchers have put forward selection criteria for PTCs based on size, absence of suspicious lymph nodes and tumor location, there are limited reported data highlighting inherent ultrasound limitations and guidelines for case selection and follow-up. We report our experience including imaging limitations encountered in the ongoing AS prospective observational study for PTCs measuring < 2 cm at our institute. We define disease progression as an increase in size of > 3 mm in the largest dimension of nodule or evidence of metastatic disease or extrathyroidal extension. Accurate, consistent and reproducible measurements of PTCs are essential in risk stratifying patients for the option of AS or disease progression. Interobserver discrepancy, shadowing from coarse calcification and background parenchyma heterogeneity or thyroiditis can limit accurate PTC size assessment and therefore hinder patient eligibility evaluation or AS follow-up. Following the ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) protocol of three-axes technique to measure a thyroid nodule enables reproducibility of measurements. In patients with multi-nodular goiter, accurate identification and labeling of the PTC is important to avoid mistaking with adjacent benign nodules at follow-up. Ultrasound assessment for extrathyroid extension of PTC, and relationship of PTC to trachea and the anatomic course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve are important considerations in evaluation for AS eligibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeet Ghai
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network - Mount Sinai Hospital - Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,1PMB-283, Toronto General Hospital, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada.
| | - Ciara O'Brien
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network - Mount Sinai Hospital - Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David P Goldstein
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna M Sawka
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Priya SR, Dravid C. Central Compartment Nodal Bulk: A Predictor of Permanent Postoperative Hypocalcaemia. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 11:92-100. [PMID: 32205978 PMCID: PMC7064669 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-019-01010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Central compartment clearance (CCC) for Papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) is one of the factors causing postoperative hypocalcaemia. We aimed to examine determinants of this major sequela. 41 patients treated for PTCs between 2014 and 2016 were studied. Surgical details, tumour and nodal characteristics, incidence of transient, temporary and permanent hypocalcaemia were noted. Central clearance was done bilaterally in 24 (58.5%) cases, ipsilaterally in 17 (41.6%). Central nodes were involved in 26 (63.4%) cases, unilaterally in 15 (36.6%), bilaterally in 11 (26.8%). Transient hypocalcaemia developed in 10 (24.4%) cases, temporary hypocalcaemia in 6 (14.6%) cases, and permanent hypocalcaemia in 2 (4.9%) cases. 17 (41%) patients were symptomatic. 9 (21.9%) patients received intravenous calcium. The only factor consistently associated with development of hypocalcaemia of all patterns, was the presence of matted central compartment nodes (p = 0.021). Matted nodes also related to a longer length of stay (p = 0.04) and requirement of intravenous calcium (p = 0.000). Extent of CCC, nodal yield, nodal positivity, perinodal extension, number of parathyroids identified, gender or pT size were not significantly associated. Symptomatic patients did not necessarily become permanently hypocalcaemic (p = 0.8). Patients requiring intravenous calcium were more likely to take oral calcium after discharge (p = 0.002). Postoperative hypocalcaemia is more likely in cases with bulky involved central nodes where extensive clearance is done. In routine CCC, even if done bilaterally, preservation of parathyroid function is possible. Permanent hypocalcaemia after CCC need not be taken as inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Priya
- Head Neck Unit, Delhi State Cancer Institute, Delhi, India
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3
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Del Rio P, Montana Montana C, Cozzani F, Rossini M, Loderer T, Dall'Aglio E, Cataldo S, Marina M, Graziano C. Is there a correlation between thyroiditis and thyroid cancer? Endocrine 2019; 66:538-541. [PMID: 31004335 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased significantly all over the world. In the same period, there also seems to have been an increase in the incidence of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis-the most common inflammatory autoimmune thyroid disease. Several studies have linked thyroiditis to thyroid cancer. METHODS In our study, we examined 2304 cases of thyroid surgery collected over a 12-year period starting from 2004. In 2090 cases (90.7%) out of our sample, it has been possible to compare the presence, or lack thereof, of thyroiditis by means of a histological diagnosis post-surgery; 214 (9.3%) cases were excluded from our study due to insufficient data. We then divided the different histological classifications into two groups. Group A included all the benign histological classifications and Group B included all the malignant histological classifications. In each group, we then assessed the presence, or lack thereof, of thyroiditis in order to evaluate if thyroiditis can be linked to a higher incidence of thyroid cancer. RESULTS Data analysis showed a higher incidence of thyroiditis in Group B, 36.4% (malignant pathology report), than in Group A, 32.4% (benign pathology report), but no statistically significant difference emerged between those two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our conclusion was that a correlation between thyroiditis and a higher incidence of thyroid cancer is still undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Del Rio
- General Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Federico Cozzani
- General Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Rossini
- General Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Loderer
- General Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Simona Cataldo
- Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michela Marina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ceresini Graziano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Tsui KP, Kwan WY, Chow TL. Total vs hemithyroidectomy for intermediate risk papillary thyroid cancer: A 23 year retrospective study in a tertiary center. Am J Otolaryngol 2019; 40:431-434. [PMID: 30956005 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is much debate in the literature over the extent of surgery for patients with intermediate risk papillary thyroid cancer. We herein report our results in a local tertiary hospital. METHOD We identify from our database patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent surgery in our hospital and were stratified to be of intermediate risk from the GAMES stratification system. Patients' demographic data, surgical and pathological details were recorded. Primary end points were disease specific survival (DSS) and recurrence free survival (RFS). RESULTS From January 1993 to December 2016, 231 patients with papillary thyroid cancer underwent surgery of which 137 (59%) were of intermediate risk. 45 (33%) patients had hemithyroidectomy and 92 (67%) patients had total thyroidectomy. In the total thyroidectomy group, patients had a higher tumor (T) (p value = 0.009) and nodal (N) staging (p value = 0.001). They were also predicted to have a higher risk of recurrence according to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) classification (p value = 0.005). The 5 year DSS in both groups were 100%. The 5 year RFS in the total thyroidectomy and hemithyroidectomy groups were 92% and 100% respectively and were significantly different by the log rank test (p value = 0.02). The median follow up time was 54 months (range 4-276 months). CONCLUSION The 5 year survival in intermediate risk papillary thyroid cancer is favorable. Hemithyroidectomy is an acceptable choice of operation in intermediate risk patients with a better risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Pok Tsui
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.
| | - Wai Yin Kwan
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Tam Lin Chow
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
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Owens PW, McVeigh TP, Fahey EJ, Bell M, Quill DS, Kerin MJ, Lowery AJ. Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: How Do Current Practice Guidelines Affect Management? Eur Thyroid J 2018; 7:319-326. [PMID: 30574463 PMCID: PMC6276740 DOI: 10.1159/000493261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International best-practice guidelines recommend completion thyroidectomy and radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) > 4 cm or with specific risk factors. Patients with DTC < 1 cm without risk factors are recommended for lobectomy alone. Indications for aggressive surgery and RRA are less clearly defined for tumours measuring 1-4 cm. A personalised approach to decision-making is recommended. OBJECTIVES This study assesses therapeutic approaches to DTC as compared to the current British Thyroid Association (BTA) clinical practice guidelines. We ascertained the effect of equivocal guidance in the 1-4 cm tumour cohort on contemporary practice patterns. METHODS Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained thyroid cancer database of patients treated for DTC in a tertiary referral centre at the University Hospital Galway. Consecutive patients attending a dedicated thyroid cancer clinic between August 2014 and August 2017 were included. Clinicopathological characteristics and management strategies were assessed. RESULTS Ninety-four percent (n = 168/178) of patients were surgically managed in adherence with guidelines. A minority (n = 10) received surgery not aligned with guidelines. Ninety-seven percent (n = 172/178) of RRA treatment decisions were in accordance with guidelines. The BTA guidelines recommended a personalised decision-making approach for 18.0% (n = 32) and 44.9% (n = 80) of surgery and RRA treatment decisions, respectively. The more aggressive, treatment-driven approach was typically favoured by the multidisciplinary team, with 97% (n = 31/32) undergoing completion thyroidectomy and 100% (n = 80) proceeding to RRA. CONCLUSIONS Management of DTC at our institution closely adheres to contemporary clinical practice guidelines. The finding of more aggressive management in those requiring a personalised decision-making approach highlights the requirement for improved risk stratification in this cohort to ratio-nalise management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Owens
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- *Patrick W. Owens, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Costello Road, Galway H91 V4AY (Ireland), E-Mail
| | - Terri P. McVeigh
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Cancer Genetics Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eoin J. Fahey
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marcia Bell
- Department of Endocrinology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Denis S. Quill
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife J. Lowery
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Christakis I, Dimas S, Kafetzis ID, Roukounakis N. Risk stratification of 282 differentiated thyroid cancers found incidentally in 1369 total thyroidectomies according to the 2015 ATA guidelines; implications for management and treatment. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:357-365. [PMID: 29484944 PMCID: PMC5956592 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of incidental differentiated thyroid carcinoma in thyroid operations for a benign preoperative diagnosis, to identify the risk factors involved and to risk stratify the cancer patients according to the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. Materials and methods The study was a retrospective review of all thyroidectomy operations performed in a single institution (January 2004 to January 2009). We excluded patients with a preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. Results Incidental differentiated thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in 282/1369 patients (21%). The incidental group had a significantly higher number of males (19% vs 14%, P = 0.033) and a higher number of patients with histopathological evidence of thyroiditis (35% vs 25%, P = 0.004). There was a higher number of lymph nodes present in the incidental group but numbers did not reach statistical significance (17% vs 13%, P = 0.079). There were 270 cases in the ATA low-risk group (96%) and 12 cases in the ATA intermediate-risk group (4%). Patients with an ATA intermediate risk had a statistically higher number of capsule invasion, extrathyroidal extension and angioinvasion (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Overall, 22% of patients with an incidental differentiated thyroid carcinoma should be considered for radioactive iodine 131I treatment. 29 of the 191 patients in American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I should be considered for radioactive iodine treatment (15%). Conclusions Males and patients with thyroiditis are at a higher risk for an incidental differentiated thyroid carcinoma. One of every five of patients diagnosed with cancer will need radioactive iodine treatment, even some patients with stage I disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/epidemiology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/surgery
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/therapy
- Adenoma, Oxyphilic/diagnosis
- Adenoma, Oxyphilic/epidemiology
- Adenoma, Oxyphilic/surgery
- Adenoma, Oxyphilic/therapy
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma/diagnosis
- Carcinoma/epidemiology
- Carcinoma/surgery
- Carcinoma/therapy
- Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery
- Carcinoma, Papillary/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Incidental Findings
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Practice Guidelines as Topic
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery
- Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy
- Thyroidectomy
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- I Christakis
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - S Dimas
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Mediterraneo Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - ID Kafetzis
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Errikos Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
| | - N Roukounakis
- First Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, ‘Evangelismos‘ General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Jayarajah U, Fernando A, Prabashani S, Fernando EA, Seneviratne SA. Incidence and histological patterns of thyroid cancer in Sri Lanka 2001-2010: an analysis of national cancer registry data. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:163. [PMID: 29415672 PMCID: PMC5804040 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing incidence of thyroid cancer is observed in many developed countries. Increasing incidence may also reflect better reporting or increased diagnostic scrutiny. We conducted this study to examine trends in thyroid cancer incidence and histological patterns in Sri Lanka. METHODS A retrospective cohort evaluation of patients with thyroid cancer during 2001-2010 was performed using population based data published from the Sri Lanka National Cancer Registry. Trends in incidence and histological patterns were analysed by age and gender. RESULTS The age-standardized incidence of thyroid cancer increased from 2.44 per 100,000 in 2001 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.21-2.67) to 5.16 per 100,000 in 2010 (95% CI: 4.85-5.47); a 2.1-fold increase (p < 0.05 for trend). A greater part of this increase is attributable to increase in incidence of papillary thyroid cancer, which increased from 1.64 to 3.61 per 100,000; a 2.2-fold increase (p < 0.05 for trend). Follicular cancer showed lesser, yet a significant increase from 0.56 to 0.95 per 100,000 (p < 0.05). Other varieties of thyroid cancer showed no significant increases in incidence. Trends in the increases in incidence of papillary cancer in females showed a much greater increase compared with males (from 2.45 to 5.60 per 100,000, a 2.28-fold increase in females compared with from 0.82 to 1.55; a 1.89-fold increase in males, p < 0.001). Highest incidence of papillary cancer was observed in 30-39-year age group, which has increased from 5.56 to 12.9 per 100,000; a 2.32-fold increase (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in Sri Lanka is predominantly due to the increasing incidence of papillary cancers. These trends may reflect increased detection and better reporting, although an inherent increase in the incidence is the likely main contributor. Further studies including tumour stage and mortality may help answer these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Jayarajah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ashan Fernando
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Saumyakala Prabashani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Eshani A Fernando
- National Cancer Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Abstract
Ultrasound is critical in detection, diagnosis, and management of thyroid nodules. Ultrasound detection of regional nodal metastatic disease is based on abnormal nodal morphology rather than size and is critical to initial surgical and long-term management of thyroid cancer. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the gold standard for malignancy diagnosis in thyroid cancer. Thyroglobulin assay of nodal aspirates improves accuracy in diagnosis of metastases. Reporting lexicons assign risk levels to thyroid nodules with the goal of improving and standardizing patient management. Surveillance ultrasound in papillary microcarcinomas is being evaluated and compared with surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Melany
- Department of Imaging, Cedars Sinai Imaging, Greater Los Angeles VA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Suite M335, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Sardius Chen
- Department of Imaging, Cedars Sinai Imaging, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Suite M335, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Kim TH, Ki CS, Hahn SY, Oh YL, Jang HW, Kim SW, Chung JH, Shin JH. Ultrasonographic prediction of highly aggressive telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter-mutated papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2017; 57:234-240. [PMID: 28616852 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations are found in highly aggressive thyroid malignancies. Our aim was to define the ultrasonographic features of telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter-mutated papillary thyroid cancer and to evaluate their predictive performances. METHODS Ultrasonographic findings were reviewed for 185 patients with surgically confirmed papillary thyroid cancer between 1994 and 2004. Genomic DNA to identify telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations was extracted from archived surgical specimens. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare clinical factors and ultrasonographic findings between telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter-mutated and wild-type papillary thyroid cancers. RESULTS A telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation was detected in 8.1% (15 of 185) of specimens from papillary thyroid cancer patients with a strong trend toward increasing age. Nonparallel orientation and microlobulated margin were independent ultrasonographic findings for predicting telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter-mutated papillary thyroid cancer in patients over 50 years (odds ratio 5.898, 95% confidence interval 1.092-31.851, P = 0.039 for orientation; odds ratio 5.813, 95% confidence interval 1.320-25.602, P = 0.020 for margin). Prevalence of telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations increased to 50.0% in papillary thyroid cancer patients older than 50 years with both ultrasonographic findings and was 0% in patients without either finding. For identifying telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter-mutated papillary thyroid cancer, ultrasonographic had 64.3% sensitivity, 80.8% specificity, 50.0% positive predictive value and 88.4% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter-mutated papillary thyroid cancer could be suggested by the ultrasonographic features of nonparallel orientation and microlobulated margin in patients older than 50 years. Prebiopsy recognition of this unique ultrasonographic pattern would mandate the nodule fall into a "biopsy suggested" category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyuk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Hahn
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lyun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Jang
- Department of Medical Education, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jung Hee Shin
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Matak D, Brodaczewska KK, Szczylik C, Koch I, Myszczyszyn A, Lipiec M, Lewicki S, Szymanski L, Zdanowski R, Czarnecka AM. Functional significance of CD105-positive cells in papillary renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:21. [PMID: 28056882 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD105 was postulated as a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stem cell marker, and CD133 as a putative RCC progenitor. Hypoxia, a natural microenvironment that prevails in tumors, was also incorporated into the study, especially in terms of the promotion of hypothetical stem-like cell properties. Methods Within this study, we verify the existence of CD105+ and CD133+ populations in selected papillary subtype RCC (pRCC) cell lines. Both populations were analyzed for correlation with stem-like cell properties, such as stemness gene expression, and sphere and colony formation. For the preliminary analysis, several RCC cell lines were chosen (786-O, SMKT-R2, Caki-2, 796-P, ACHN, RCC6) and the control was human kidney cancer stem cells (HKCSC) and renal cells of embryonic origin (ASE-5063). Four cell lines were chosen for further investigation: Caki-2 (one of the highest numbers of CD105+ cells; primary origin), ACHN (a low number of CD105+ cells; metastatic origin), HKCSC (putative positive control), and ASE-5063 (additional control). Results In 769-P and RCC6, we could not detect a CD105+ population. Hypoxia variously affects pRCC cell growth, and mainly diminishes the stem-like properties of cells. Furthermore, we could not observe the correlation of CD105 and/or CD133 expression with the enhancement of stem-like properties. Conclusions Based on this analysis, CD105/CD133 cannot be validated as cancer stem cell markers of pRCC cell lines.
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Misiakos EP, Margari N, Meristoudis C, Machairas N, Schizas D, Petropoulos K, Spathis A, Karakitsos P, Machairas A. Cytopathologic diagnosis of fine needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules. World J Clin Cases 2016; 4:38-48. [PMID: 26881190 PMCID: PMC4733475 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v4.i2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is an important diagnostic tool in patients with thyroid lesions. Several systems have been proposed for the cyropathologic diagnosis of the thyroid nodules. However cases with indeterminate cytological findings still remain a matter of debate. In this review we analyze all literature regarding Thyroid Cytopathology Reporting systems trying to identify the most suitable methodology to use in clinical practice for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules. A review of the English literature was conducted, and data were analyzed and summarized and integrated from the authors’ perspective. The main purpose of thyroid FNA is to identify patients with higher risk for malignancy, and to prevent unnecessary surgeries for benign conditions. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology is the most widely used system for the diagnosis of thyroid FNA specimens. This system also contains guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of indeterminate or suspicious for malignancy cases. In conclusion, patients who require repeated FNAs for indeterminate diagnoses will be resolved by repeat FNA in a percentage of 72%-80%.
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12
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Jalil AA, Elkhatib FA, Mahayni AA, Alkhatib AA. Primary papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed by using endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration. Clin Endosc 2014; 47:350-2. [PMID: 25133124 PMCID: PMC4130892 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2014.47.4.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is paucity in the literature on the use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for evaluating the thyroid gland. We report the first case of primary papillary thyroid cancer diagnosed by using EUS and fine needle aspiration (FNA). A 66-year-old man underwent EUS for the evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. FNA of the lymph nodes showed benign findings. A hypoechoic mass was noted in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. Therefore, FNA was performed. The cytological results were consistent with primary papillary thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Abdel Jalil
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Fateh A Elkhatib
- Division of Endocrinology, Integris Health System, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Abdulah A Mahayni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Amer A Alkhatib
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Starker LF, Paterno F, Bjorklund P, Wasson D, Atweh N. Metastatic Colon Cancer to the Thyroid Gland in the Setting of Pathologically Diagnosed Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Review and Report of a Case. World J Oncol 2011; 2:33-36. [PMID: 29147222 PMCID: PMC5649885 DOI: 10.4021/wjon276w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon carcinoma metastases to the thyroid are a rare phenomena. Here we report a case of multiple malignant neoplasms where an incidental diagnosis of colon cancer was made after pathologic evaluation of the thyroid specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee F Starker
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Flavio Paterno
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Peyman Bjorklund
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Dennis Wasson
- Department of Surgery, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport CT, USA
| | - Nabil Atweh
- Department of Surgery, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport CT, USA
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