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Manivannan S, Subramanyam B. Contact Efficacy of Two Amorphous Silica Powders against the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Insects 2023; 14:833. [PMID: 37999032 PMCID: PMC10671609 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The contact efficacy of two amorphous silica powders 1 and 2 procured from Imery's chemicals, Lompoc, CA, USA, were evaluated against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). The efficacy of the silica two powders was evaluated by exposing 10 adults of T. castaneum to twelve different concentrations of silica powder 1 and 2 for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Mortality assessments were made after 14 d, and data on adult progeny production were recorded at 42 d. Complete mortality of T. castaneum was observed when adults were exposed for 36 h to concentrations of 1.5 to 5 g/m2 of silica powder 1. Conversely, in tests with silica powder 2, complete mortality was only achieved when adults were exposed for 48 h to concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 5 g/m2. Silica powder 1 exhibited greater efficacy in inhibiting adult progeny production in T. castaneum, particularly at a concentration of 2.0 g/m2 after 24 h exposure. Overall, silica powder 1 displayed superior performance in terms of adult mortality and the suppression of T. castaneum adult progeny production. This advantage can be attributed to the smaller particle size of silica powder 1 when compared to silica powder 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selladurai Manivannan
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
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Alhaithloul HAS, Alqahtani MM, Abdein MA, Ahmed MAI, Hesham AEL, Aljameeli MME, Al Mozini RN, Gharsan FN, Hussien SM, El-Amier YA. Rosemary and neem methanolic extract: antioxidant, cytotoxic, and larvicidal activities supported by chemical composition and molecular docking simulations. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1155698. [PMID: 37275255 PMCID: PMC10232984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1155698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to employ GC-MS to assess the chemical composition of MeOH leaf extracts of R. officinalis and A. indica and evaluate their insecticidal, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Twelve components, representing 98.61% and 100% of the total volatile compounds, were deduced from the extracted R. officinalis and A. indica, respectively, using this method. In R. officinalis extract, limonene is typically positioned as the main component (23.03%), while the main chemicals identified in A. indica extract were methyl (E)-octadec-13-enoate (23.20%) and (2R)-1,3,8-trimethyl-4-propyl-5-ethyl-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7-methoxycardonylethyl-6-methylenecarbonyl-porphyrin (23.03%). Both extracts of R. officinalis and A. indica exhibited different toxicity against the stored grain pest T. castaneum, with LC50 values of 1.470 and 2.588 mg/ml, respectively. Additionally, after 4 and 5 h of treatment at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml, the A. indica extract showed the highest levels of repellent action (81.4% and 93.4%), and the R. officinalis extract showed a good repellent rate (64.9% and 80.7%) against T. castenum larvae. With an IC50 value of 35.83 and 28.68 mg/L and a radical scavenging activity percentage of 67.76% and 72.35%, the leaf extract was found to be the most potent plant extract when tested for DPPH antioxidant activity. Overall results showed that MeOH extracts of R. officinalis and A. indica were more effective against S. aureus than E. coli. To determine how the investigated chemicals attach to the active sites of E. coli DNA gyrase A and S. aureus undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase, docking studies were carried out. The consensus score analysis showed that limonene exhibits the best binding energy with both enzymes in docking analysis and more stability in molecular dynamics simulations. The RMSD was obtained at 20.6 and 4.199 (Kcal/mole). The two compounds were successfully used in molecular dynamics simulation research to generate stable complexes with DNA gyrase A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mesfer M. Alqahtani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadimi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdein
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. I. Ahmed
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M. E. Aljameeli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem N. Al Mozini
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatehia N. Gharsan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzan M. Hussien
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasser A. El-Amier
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Mangang IB, Manickam L. Insect repellent pellets - an application of botanicals against red flour beetle - their antifungal activity during storage and use as potential fumigants. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:6696-6706. [PMID: 35620837 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protection of grains from insect infestation is critical during storage. Insect repellent pellets (IRPs) are a potential technique to repel insects by hindering insect movement toward the grains. The basic principle of IRPs is the use of active components found in the oils of lemongrass, eucalyptus, and neem leaves for the controlled release of fumes, thereby avoiding the need for reapplication after a few days. Here, we examined the antifungal activity, the lethal dose, and the repelling effect of IRPs against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, over a 30 day period. RESULTS We observed that IRPs possessed antifungal properties and were able to repel the adults of T. castaneum. These insects ultimately died from the fumes if they manage to stay near the IRPs (LD50 = 2 and LD99 = 7 days). The active components (phenol, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-, citral, neral, geraniol, n-hexadecanoic acid) present in IRP during the initial stage were also found after a storage period of 35 days. CONCLUSION The active components present in IRPs have antifungal, repellent, and fumigant properties. The IRPs can thus be termed potent botanical insecticides and are an alternative to synthetic insecticides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irengbam Barun Mangang
- Storage Entomology Laboratory, Department of Academics and HRD, NIFTEM-T, Formerly IIFPT, Thanjavur, India
| | - Loganathan Manickam
- Storage Entomology Laboratory, Department of Academics and HRD, NIFTEM-T, Formerly IIFPT, Thanjavur, India
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Alnajim I, Aldosary N, Agarwal M, Liu T, Du X, Ren Y. Role of Lipids in Phosphine Resistant Stored-Grain Insect Pests Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica. Insects 2022; 13:798. [PMID: 36135499 PMCID: PMC9503450 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insects rely on lipids as an energy source to perform various activities, such as growth, flight, diapause, and metamorphosis. This study evaluated the role of lipids in phosphine resistance by stored-grain insects. Phosphine resistant and susceptible strains of the two main stored-grain insects, Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica, were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) to determine their lipid contents. Phosphine resistant strains of both species had a higher amount of lipids than susceptible stains. Significant variance ratios between the resistant and susceptible strains of T. castaneum were observed for glycerolipids (1.13- to 53.10-fold) and phospholipids (1.05- to 20.00-fold). Significant variance ratios between the resistant and susceptible strains of R. dominica for glycerolipids were 1.04- to 31.50-fold and for phospholipids were 1.04- to 10.10-fold. Glycerolipids are reservoirs to face the long-term energy shortage. Phospholipids act as a barrier to isolate the cells from the surrounding environment and allow each cell to perform its specific function. Thus, lipids offer a consistent energy source for the resistant insect to survive under the stress of phosphine fumigation and provide a suitable environment to protect the mitochondria from phosphine. Hence, it was proposed through this study that the lipid content of phosphine-resistant and phosphine-susceptible strains of T. castaneum and R. dominica could play an important role in the resistance of phosphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Alnajim
- Date Palm Research Center, University of Basrah, Basra 61004, Iraq
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Naser Aldosary
- Date Palm Research Center, University of Basrah, Basra 61004, Iraq
| | - Manjree Agarwal
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Chemcentre, Resources and Chemistry Precinct, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Equipment Technology, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. A3, Gaobeidianbeilu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Xin Du
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Yonglin Ren
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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Negi A, Pare A, Manickam L, Rajamani M. Effects of defect action level of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) fragments on quality of wheat flour. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:223-232. [PMID: 34086293 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is one of the most important secondary storage pests of all types of flour and flour-based products. The present study focuses on the fragment producing behaviour of T. castaneum in wheat flour during storage and its effect on the quality parameters and defect action level (DAL) of fragments. The US Food and Drug Administration has set a DAL of 75 insect fragments in 50 g of flour. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the storage conditions (storage period in days and temperature in degrees Celsius) and insect density (numbers) to keep insect fragments below the DAL. RESULTS Optimization results indicated that the presence of single number of adult of T. castaneum is enough to cross the DAL of insect fragments within a storage period of 21 days at a storage temperature of 30 °C. Insect fragments cause perceptible changes in the quality of wheat flour. When sample attained DAL of T. castaneum fragments in wheat flour,the various quality parameters were analysed in that moisture content of wheat flour was 10.8 ± 0.26%, total colour change was 2.052 (ΔE value), T. castaneum progeny emergence was 19.66 ± 1, uric acid was 1.8 ± 0.16 g kg-1 and microbial count was 7.34 ± 0.5 cfu g-1 . CONCLUSIONS Results from the present study indicate that the presence of even a single adult of stored pest in wheat flour should not be ignored. It is mandatory to determine the threshold level and frequent sampling is required to achieve zero tolerance of stored product insects in food commodities. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Negi
- Department of Primary Processing Storage and Handling, IIFPT, Thanjavur, India
- Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Akash Pare
- Department of Academics & Human Resource Development, IIFPT, Thanjavur, India
| | - Loganathan Manickam
- Department of Academics & Human Resource Development, IIFPT, Thanjavur, India
| | - Meenatchi Rajamani
- Department of Primary Processing Storage and Handling, IIFPT, Thanjavur, India
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Ramesh B, Firneno TJ, Demuth JP. Divergence time estimation of genus Tribolium by extensive sampling of highly conserved orthologs. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 159:107084. [PMID: 33540077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tribolium castaneum, the red flour beetle, is among the most well-studied eukaryotic genetic model organisms. Tribolium often serves as a comparative bridge from highly derived Drosophila traits to other organisms. Simultaneously, as a member of the most diverse order of metazoans, Coleoptera, Tribolium informs us about innovations that accompany hyper diversity. However, understanding the tempo and mode of evolutionary innovation requires well-resolved, time-calibrated phylogenies, which are not available for Tribolium. The most recent effort to understand Tribolium phylogenetics used two mitochondrial and three nuclear markers. The study concluded that the genus may be paraphyletic and reported a broad range for divergence time estimates. Here we employ recent advances in Bayesian methods to estimate the relationships and divergence times among Tribolium castaneum, T. brevicornis, T. confusum, T. freemani, and Gnatocerus cornutus using 1368 orthologs conserved across all five species and an independent substitution rate estimate. We find that the most basal split within Tribolium occurred ~86 Mya [95% HPD 85.90-87.04 Mya] and that the most recent split was between T. freemani and T. castaneum at ~14 Mya [95% HPD 13.55-14.00]. Our results are consistent with broader phylogenetic analyses of insects and suggest that Cenozoic climate changes played a role in the Tribolium diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balan Ramesh
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Thomas J Firneno
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jeffery P Demuth
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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Schaich MA, Sanford SL, Welfer GA, Johnson SA, Khoang TH, Opresko PL, Freudenthal BD. Mechanisms of nucleotide selection by telomerase. eLife 2020; 9:55438. [PMID: 32501800 PMCID: PMC7274783 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase extends telomere sequences at chromosomal ends to protect genomic DNA. During this process it must select the correct nucleotide from a pool of nucleotides with various sugars and base pairing properties, which is critically important for the proper capping of telomeric sequences by shelterin. Unfortunately, how telomerase selects correct nucleotides is unknown. Here, we determined structures of Tribolium castaneum telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) throughout its catalytic cycle and mapped the active site residues responsible for nucleoside selection, metal coordination, triphosphate binding, and RNA template stabilization. We found that TERT inserts a mismatch or ribonucleotide ~1 in 10,000 and ~1 in 14,000 insertion events, respectively. At biological ribonucleotide concentrations, these rates translate to ~40 ribonucleotides inserted per 10 kilobases. Human telomerase assays determined a conserved tyrosine steric gate regulates ribonucleotide insertion into telomeres. Cumulatively, our work provides insight into how telomerase selects the proper nucleotide to maintain telomere integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Schaich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States
| | - Samantha L Sanford
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Griffin A Welfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States
| | - Samuel A Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Thu H Khoang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Bret D Freudenthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States
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Alnajim I, Du X, Lee B, Agarwal M, Liu T, Ren Y. New Method of Analysis of Lipids in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) Insects by Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction (DI-SPME) Coupled with GC-MS. Insects 2019; 10:E363. [PMID: 31635132 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play an essential role in providing energy and other physiological functions for insects. Therefore, it is important to determine the composition of insect lipids from cuticular and internal tissues for a better understanding of insect biology and physiology. A novel non-derivatization method for the analysis of lipids including fatty acids, hydrocarbon waxes, sterols in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) was explored using the direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nine extraction solvents, acetonitrile, methanol, hexane, ethanol, chloroform, acetonitrile and ethanol (1:1 v/v), acetonitrile and water (1:1 v/v), ethanol and water (1:1 v/v) and acetonitrile and ethanol and water (2:2:1 v/v/v) were selected and evaluated for the extraction of insect lipids with DI-SPME fiber. Acetonitrile extraction offered the best qualitative, quantitative, and number of lipids extracted from insects samples results. Acetonitrile extracted high-boiling point compounds from both species of tested insects. The range of hydrocarbons was C25 (pentacosane) to C32 (dotriacontane) for T. castaneum and C26 (11-methylpentacosane) to C34 (tetratriacontane) for R. dominica. The major compounds extracted from the cuticular surface of T. castaneum were 11-methylheptacosane (20.71%) and 3-methylheptacosane (12.37%), and from R. dominica were 10-methyldotriacontane (14.0%), and 15-methyltritriacontane (9.93%). The limit of detection (LOD) for the n-alkane compounds ranged between 0.08 (nonacosane) and 0.26 (dotriacontane) µg/g and for the fatty acids between 0.65 (arachidic acid) to 0.89 (oleic acid) µg/g. The study indicated that DI-SPME GC-MS is a highly efficient extraction and a sensitive analytical method for the determination of non-derivatized insect lipids in cuticular and homogenized body tissues.
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Ray S, Rosenberg MI, Chanut-Delalande H, Decaras A, Schwertner B, Toubiana W, Auman T, Schnellhammer I, Teuscher M, Valenti P, Khila A, Klingler M, Payre F. The mlpt/Ubr3/Svb module comprises an ancient developmental switch for embryonic patterning. eLife 2019; 8:e39748. [PMID: 30896406 PMCID: PMC6428570 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small open reading frames (smORFs) encoding 'micropeptides' exhibit remarkable evolutionary complexity. Conserved peptides encoded by mille-pattes (mlpt)/polished rice (pri)/tarsal less (tal) are essential for embryo segmentation in Tribolium but, in Drosophila, function in terminal epidermal differentiation and patterning of adult legs. Here, we show that a molecular complex identified in Drosophila epidermal differentiation, comprising Mlpt peptides, ubiquitin-ligase Ubr3 and transcription factor Shavenbaby (Svb), represents an ancient developmental module required for early insect embryo patterning. We find that loss of segmentation function for this module in flies evolved concomitantly with restriction of Svb expression in early Drosophila embryos. Consistent with this observation, artificially restoring early Svb expression in flies causes segmentation defects that depend on mlpt function, demonstrating enduring potency of an ancestral developmental switch despite evolving embryonic patterning modes. These results highlight the evolutionary plasticity of conserved molecular complexes under the constraints of essential genetic networks. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Ray
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Miriam I Rosenberg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | | | | | - Barbara Schwertner
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | | | - Tzach Auman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Irene Schnellhammer
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Matthias Teuscher
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Philippe Valenti
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | | | - Martin Klingler
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - François Payre
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier de ToulouseToulouseFrance
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You CX, Guo SS, Zhang WJ, Geng ZF, Liang JY, Lei N, Du SS, Deng ZW. Chemical Constituents of Murraya tetramera Huang and Their Repellent Activity against Tribolium castaneum. Molecules 2017; 22:E1379. [PMID: 28825643 PMCID: PMC6152413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen compounds were isolated from the leaves and stems of Murrayatetramera Huang. Based on the NMR and MS spectral results, the structures were determined. It was confirmed that the isolated compounds included three new compounds (9, 10 and 13) and one new natural product (8), which were identified asmurratetra A (9), murratetra B (10), murratetra C (13) and [2-(7-methoxy-2-oxochromen-8-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enyl]3-methylbut-2-enoate (8), respectively. Meanwhile, the repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum was investigated for 13 of these isolated compounds. The results showed that the tested compounds had various levels of repellent activity against T. castaneum. Among them, compounds 1 (4(15)-eudesmene-1β,6α-diol), 11 (isoferulic acid) and 16 (2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate) showed fair repellent activity against T. castaneum. They might be considered as potential leading compounds for the development of natural repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xue You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhu-Feng Geng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jun-Yu Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Shu-Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Grünwald S, Gurmai AM, Schuierer K, Boll M, Wenzel U. The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum allows for the convenient determination of fitness and survival as a measure of toxic effects of the food contaminant acrylamide. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1826-33. [PMID: 25265133 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.957737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a toxic ingredient generated as a by-product of the Maillard reaction in starchy foods processed at temperatures above 120°C. Here we used the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum as a model organism to test the effects of acrylamide on fitness and survival. Beetles were fed on flour spiked with acrylamide between 0.5% and 10% at 32°C over 2 weeks. Fitness of the beetles was tested by measuring the running distance and survival was recorded after 2 weeks of feeding at increased temperatures at 42°C. Both parameters were dose-dependent reduced by acrylamide. Knockdown of gene homologues of ahr, the arylhydrocarbon receptor, and of nrf-2, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, both reduced fitness and survival. Application of 0.5% acrylamide under knockdown of each factor further reduced fitness and survival, suggesting that ahr and nrf-2 are important for an adequate response to the toxicant. RNA-interference for ahr blocked completely the increase in nrf-2 mRNA levels, suggesting that the actions of ahr on acrylamide detoxification are mediated via Nrf-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Grünwald
- a Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center , Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen , Giessen , Germany
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Li Z, Jiang J, Chen Y, You L, Huang Y, Tan A, Li Z, Jiang J, Niu B, Meng Z. PDP1 regulates energy metabolism through the IIS-TOR pathway in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2014; 85:127-136. [PMID: 24478036 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The PAR-domain protein 1 (PDP1) is essential for locomotor activity of insects. However, its functions in insect growth and development have not been studied extensively, which prompted our hypothesis that PDP1 acts in energy metabolism. Here we report identification of TcPDP1 in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and its functional analysis by RNAi. Treating larvae with dsTcPDP1 induced pupae developmental arrestment, accompanied by accelerated fat body degradation. dsTcPDP1 treatments in adults resulted in reduced female fecundity. Disruption of TcPDP1 expression affected the transcription of genes involved in insulin signaling transduction and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. These results support our hypothesis that TcPDP1 acts in energy metabolism in T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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