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Ranjan S, Panda AK. Association of Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Polymorphisms with Predisposition to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Meta and Trial Sequential Analysis. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-023-10600-9. [PMID: 38103124 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibody production and organ involvement. The role of toll-like receptor-7 in SLE is well established. Although genetic variations in the TLR-7 gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing SLE, the findings are not consistent. We performed a meta-analysis of previously published articles on four important single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TLR-7 gene (rs3853839, rs179008, rs179019, and rs179010) to reach a valid conclusion. Various literature databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, were scoured for eligible reports until May 10, 2023. GPower software v.3 was used to assess the power of individual reports included in the meta-analysis. Comprehensive Meta-analysis v3 software was used to perform all statistics. The publication biases in each genetic comparison model were investigated using funnel plots and Egger's regression test. To test heterogeneity, Cochrane Q statistics, probability value and I2 were used. Considering the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the current study included a total of 10 eligible studies that included 15,472 SLE cases and 16,721 healthy controls. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between TLR7 polymorphisms (rs179019 and rs179010) and susceptibility to SLE development. Other TLR7 polymorphisms (rs3853839 and rs179008), on the other hand, showed no significant association. Furthermore, the trial sequential analysis identified the need for additional case control studies for TLR-7 polymorphisms (rs3853839, rs179008, and rs179019) other than the rs179010 polymorphism. TLR7 variants for rs179010 and rs179019 are risk factor for the development of SLE. Further investigations are required to reach a valid conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovit Ranjan
- University Department of Zoology, Kolhan University, Chaibasa, Jharkhand, 833202, India
| | - Aditya K Panda
- ImmGen EvSys Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India.
- Centre of Excellence on Bioprospecting of Ethnopharmaceuticals of Southern Odisha (CoE-BESO), Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, India.
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Leszczyńska E, Makuch E, Mitkiewicz M, Jasyk I, Narita M, Górska S, Lipiński T, Siednienko J. Absence of Mal/TIRAP Results in Abrogated Imidazoquinolinones-Dependent Activation of IRF7 and Suppressed IFNβ and IFN-I Activated Gene Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238925. [PMID: 33255528 PMCID: PMC7727842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of TLR7 by small imidazoquinoline molecules such as R848 or R837 initiates signaling cascades leading to the activation of transcription factors, such as AP-1, NF-κB, and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and afterward to the induction of cytokines and anti-viral Type I IFNs. In general, TLRs mediate these effects by utilizing different intracellular signaling molecules, one of them is Mal. Mal is a protein closely related to the antibacterial response, and its role in the TLR7 pathways remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that Mal determines the expression and secretion of IFNβ following activation of TLR7, a receptor that recognizes ssRNA and imidazoquinolines. Moreover, we observed that R848 induces Mal-dependent IFNβ production via ERK1/2 activation as well as the transcription factor IRF7 activation. Although activation of TLR7 leads to NF-κB-dependent expression of IRF7, this process is independent of Mal. We also demonstrate that secretion of IFNβ regulated by TLR7 and Mal in macrophages and dendritic cells leads to the IP-10 chemokine expression. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that Mal is a critical regulator of the imidazoquinolinones-dependent IFNβ production via ERK1/2/IRF7 signaling cascade which brings us closer to understanding the molecular mechanism’s regulation of innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Leszczyńska
- Bioengineering Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network–PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.L.); (I.J.); (T.L.)
| | - Edyta Makuch
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Mitkiewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Izabella Jasyk
- Bioengineering Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network–PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.L.); (I.J.); (T.L.)
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Miwako Narita
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Sabina Górska
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Tomasz Lipiński
- Bioengineering Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network–PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.L.); (I.J.); (T.L.)
| | - Jakub Siednienko
- Bioengineering Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network–PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.L.); (I.J.); (T.L.)
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Mohamed AA, Omran D, El-Feky S, Darwish H, Kassas A, Farouk A, Ezzat O, Abdo SM, Zahran FE, El-Demery A, Omran MM. Toll-like receptor 7 mRNA is reduced in hepatitis C-based liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, out-performs alpha-fetoprotein levels, and with age and serum aspartate aminotransferase is a new diagnostic index. Br J Biomed Sci 2020; 78:18-22. [PMID: 32573389 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2020.1778842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C viruses are leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC linked to hepatitis B. We hypothesised a role of leukocyte TLR-7 mRNA in hepatitis C related liver cirrhosis and HCC, using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and liver function tests as comparators. METHODS We recruited 102 patients with HCV-related HCC, 97 with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and 60 healthy controls. Quantification of TLR-7 mRNA was performed using real-time PCR, AFP and routine LFTs by standard techniques. RESULTS TLR-7 mRNA levels were significantly lower in HCC patients compared to cirrhotic patients and lower again in healthy controls (p < 0.001 for trend). In multivariate analysis, age, aspartate transaminase (AST), AFP, and TLR-7 mRNA were significant predictors of HCC. The ROCC/AUC for age, AST and TLR-7 mRNA were all between 0.64 and 0.78 (all P < 0.01), but for AFP was 0.57 (95% CI 0.48-0.65, P = 0.09). We derived an index score using age, AST and TLR-7 mRNA for the diagnosis of HCC. The ROCC/AUC for the index was superior to all three root indices in the prediction of HCC. The index linked significantly with the Tokyo and Vienna liver cancer staging systems, but not with those of the CLIP and Okuda systems, in distinguishing HCC from liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSION The combination of TLR-7 mRNA levels with age and AST improves the performance of TLR-7 in HCC diagnosis, out-performs alpha-fetoprotein and predicts early HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - D Omran
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - S El-Feky
- Biochemistry Department, Damanhur Medical National Institute , Egypt
| | - H Darwish
- Oncology Department, Ismailia Teaching Oncology Hospital , Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ael Kassas
- Radiology Department, El Sahel Teaching Hospital , Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Farouk
- Radiology Department, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology , Giza, Egypt
| | - O Ezzat
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - S M Abdo
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - F E Zahran
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - A El-Demery
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University , 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - M M Omran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University , Cairo, Egypt
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Suzuki H, Mochizuki A, Yoshimura K, Miyamoto Y, Kaneko K, Inoue T, Chikazu D, Takami M, Kamijo R. Bropirimine inhibits osteoclast differentiation through production of interferon-β. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:146-51. [PMID: 26399683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bropirimine is a synthetic agonist for toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). In this study, we investigated the effects of bropirimine on differentiation and bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts in vitro. Bropirimine inhibited osteoclast differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, it suppressed the mRNA expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1 (NFATc1), a master transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation, without affecting BMM viability. Bropirimine also inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced in co-cultures of mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs) and mouse osteoblastic UAMS-32 cells in the presence of activated vitamin D3. Bropirimine partially suppressed the expression of RANKL mRNA in UAMS-32 cells induced by activated vitamin D3. Finally, the anti-interferon-β (IFN-β) antibody restored RANKL-dependent differentiation of BMMs into osteoclasts suppressed by bropirimine. These results suggest that bropirimine inhibits differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells into osteoclasts via TLR7-mediated production of IFN-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ayako Mochizuki
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Tomio Inoue
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Daichi Chikazu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takami
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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Wang XD, Gao NN, Diao YW, Liu Y, Gao D, Li W, Wan YY, Zhong JJ, Jin GY. Conjugation of toll-like receptor-7 agonist to gastric cancer antigen MG7-Ag exerts antitumor effects. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8052-8060. [PMID: 26185376 PMCID: PMC4499347 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.8052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of our tumor vaccines on reversing immune tolerance and generating therapeutic response.
METHODS: Vaccines were synthesized by solid phase using an Fmoc strategy, where a small molecule toll-like receptor-7 agonist (T7) was conjugated to a monoclonal gastric cancer 7 antigen mono-epitope (T7-MG1) or tri-epitope (T7-MG3). Cytokines were measured in both mouse bone marrow dendritic cells and mouse spleen lymphocytes after exposed to the vaccines. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally immunized with the vaccines every 2 wk for a total of three times, and then subcutaneously challenged with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. Three weeks later, the mice were killed, and the tumors were surgically removed and weighed. Serum samples were collected from the mice, and antibody titers were determined by ELISA using an alkaline phosphate-conjugated detection antibody for total IgG. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was detected by the lactate dehydrogenase method using natural killer cells as effectors and antibody-labeled EAC cells as targets. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activities were also detected by the lactate dehydrogenase method using lymphocytes as effectors and EAC cells as targets.
RESULTS: Vaccines were successfully synthesized and validated by analytical high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray mass spectrometry, including T7, T7-MG1, and T7-MG3. Rapid inductions of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-12 in bone marrow dendritic cells and interferon γ and interleukin-12 in lymphocytes occurred in vitro after T7, T7-MG1, and T7-MG3 treatment. Immunization with T7-MG3 reduced the EAC tumor burden in BALB/c mice to 62.64% ± 5.55% compared with PBS control (P < 0.01). Six or nine weeks after the first immunization, the monoclonal gastric cancer 7 antigen antibody increased significantly in the T7-MG3 group compared with the PBS control (P < 0.01). As for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antisera obtained by immunization with T7-MG3 were able to markedly enhance cell lysis compared to PBS control (31.58% ± 2.94% vs 18.02% ± 2.26%; P < 0.01). As for cytotoxic T lymphocytes, T7-MG3 exhibited obviously greater cytotoxicity compared with PBS control (40.92% ± 4.38% vs 16.29% ± 1.90%; P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: A successful method is confirmed for the design of gastric cancer vaccines by chemical conjugation of T7 and multi-repeat-epitope of monoclonal gastric cancer 7 antigen.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/chemical synthesis
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes
- Female
- Immunization Schedule
- Immunoconjugates/administration & dosage
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/agonists
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Superantigens
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Toll-Like Receptor 7/agonists
- Toll-Like Receptor 7/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 7/metabolism
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
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