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Shao B, Yu S, Wang S, Li S, Ding L, Li M, Cheng L, Pan Q, Cong L, Ran C. A UDP-glycosyltransferase gene PcUGT202A9 was associated with abamectin resistance in Panonychus citri (McGregor). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132228. [PMID: 38734355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Panonychus citri (McGregor) strains have developed a high level of resistance to abamectin, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are critical for the removal of a variety of exogenous and endogenous substances. In this study, an enzyme activity assay revealed that UGTs potentially contribute to P. citri abamectin resistance. Spatiotemporal expression profiles showed that only PcUGT202A9 was significantly overexpressed in the abamectin-resistant strain (AbR) at all developmental stages. Moreover, UGT activity decreased significantly, whereas abamectin susceptibility increased significantly, in AbR after PcUGT202A9 was silenced. Three-dimensional modeling and molecular docking analyses revealed that PcUGT202A9 can bind stably to abamectin. Recombinant PcUGT202A9 activity was detected when α-naphthol was used, but the enzymatic activity was inhibited by abamectin (50 % inhibitory concentration: 803.3 ± 14.20 μmol/L). High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses indicated that recombinant PcUGT202A9 can effectively degrade abamectin and catalyze the conjugation of UDP-glucose to abamectin. These results imply PcUGT202A9 contributes to P. citri abamectin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Shao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shijiang Yu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Sichen Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Luyan Cheng
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China.
| | - Chun Ran
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China.
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2
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Al-Yazeedi T, Muhammad A, Irving H, Ahn SJ, Hearn J, Wondji CS. Overexpression and nonsynonymous mutations of UDP-glycosyltransferases are potentially associated with pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus. Genomics 2024; 116:110798. [PMID: 38266739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) enzymes are pivotal in insecticide resistance by transforming hydrophobic substrates into more hydrophilic forms for efficient cell elimination. This study provides the first comprehensive investigation of Anopheles funestus UGT genes, their evolution, and their association with pyrethroid resistance. We employed a genome-wide association study using pooled sequencing (GWAS-PoolSeq) and transcriptomics on pyrethroid-resistant An. funestus, along with deep-targeted sequencing of UGTs in 80 mosquitoes Africa-wide. UGT310B2 was consistently overexpressed Africa-wide and significant gene-wise Fst differentiation was observed between resistant and susceptible populations: UGT301C2 and UGT302A3 in Malawi, and UGT306C2 in Uganda. Additionally, nonsynonymous mutations in UGT genes were identified. Gene-wise Tajima's D density curves provide insights into population structures within populations across these countries, supporting previous observations. These findings have important implications for current An. funestus control strategies facilitating the prediction of cross-resistance to other UGT-metabolised polar insecticides, thereby guiding more effective and targeted insecticide resistance management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Al-Yazeedi
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | - Helen Irving
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool, UK
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Jack Hearn
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, Scotland's Rural College, An Lòchran, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S Wondji
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool, UK; Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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3
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Du TH, Yin C, Gui LY, Liang JJ, Liu SN, Fu BL, He C, Yang J, Wei XG, Gong PP, Huang MJ, Xue H, Hu JY, Du H, Ji Y, Zhang R, Wang C, Zhang CJ, Yang X, Zhang YJ. Over-expression of UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT353G2 confers resistance to neonicotinoids in whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 196:105635. [PMID: 37945266 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, comes up high metabolic resistance to most neonicotinoids in long-term evolution, which is the key problem of pest control. UGT glycosyltransferase, as a secondary detoxification enzyme, plays an indispensable role in detoxification metabolism. In this study, UGT inhibitors, 5-nitrouracil and sulfinpyrazone, dramatically augmented the toxic damage of neonicotinoids to B. tabaci. A UGT named UGT353G2 was identified in whitefly, which was notably up-regulated in resistant strain (3.92 folds), and could be induced by most neonicotinoids. Additionally, the using of RNA interference (RNAi) suppresses UGT353G2 substantially increased sensitivity to neonicotinoids in resistant strain. Our results support that UGT353G2 may be involved in the neonicotinoids resistance of whitefly. These findings will help further verify the functional role of UGTs in neonicotinoid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cheng Yin
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Lian-You Gui
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Jin-Jin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shao-Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bu-Li Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chao He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xue-Gao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pei-Pan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming-Jiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jin-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - He Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cheng-Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - You-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Zhu TT, Ta H, Ni R, Hao Y, Du NH, Cheng AX, Lou HX. Functional specialization of two UDP-glycosyltransferases MpUGT735A2 and MpUGT743A1 in the liverworts Marchantia polymorpha. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2499-2511. [PMID: 37642286 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Family 1 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are known to glycosylate multiple secondary plant metabolites and have been extensively studied. The increased availability of plant genome resources allows the identification of wide gene families, both functional and organizational. In this investigation, two MpUGT isoforms were cloned and functionally characterized from liverworts marchantia polymorpha and had high glycosylation activity against several flavonoids. MpUGT735A2 protein, in particular, tolerates a wide spectrum of substrates (flavonols, flavanones, flavones, stilbenes, bibenzyls, dihydrochalcone, phenylpropanoids, xanthones, and isoflavones). Overexpression of MpUGT735A2 and MpUGT743A1 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances the accumulation of 3-O-glycosylated flavonol (kaempferol 3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnose), consistent with its in vitro enzymatic activity. Docking and mutagenesis techniques were applied to identify the structural and functional properties of MpUGT735A2 with promiscuous substrates. Mutation of Pro87 to Ser, or Gln88 to Val, substantially altered the regioselectivity for luteolin glycosylation, predominantly from the 3'-O- to the 7-O-position. The results were elucidated by focusing on the novel biocatalysts designed for producing therapeutic flavonoids. This investigation provides an approach to modulate MpUGT735A2 as a candidate gene for diverse glycosylation catalysis and a tool to design GTs with new substrate specificities for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - He Ta
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Hao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ni-Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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5
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Lu X, Huang L, Scheller HV, Keasling JD. Medicinal terpenoid UDP-glycosyltransferases in plants: recent advances and research strategies. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:1343-1357. [PMID: 36573380 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoid glycosides have significant curative effects on many kinds of diseases. Most of these compounds are derived from medicinal plants. Glycosylation is a key step in the biosynthesis of medicinal terpenoids. In plants, UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases comprise a large family of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sugars from donor to acceptor to form various bioactive glycosides. In recent years, numerous terpenoid UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have been cloned and characterized in medicinal plants. We review the typical characteristics and evolution of terpenoid-related UGTs in plants and summarize the advances and research strategies of terpenoid UGTs in medicinal plants over the past 20 years. We provide a reference for the study of glycosylation of terpenoid skeletons and the biosynthetic pathways for medicinal terpenoids in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lijin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Wang T, Li XK, Liu X, Yang XQ, Li YJ, Hou BK. Rice glycosyltransferase gene UGT2 functions in salt stress tolerance under the regulation of bZIP23 transcription factor. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:17-28. [PMID: 36224499 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice glycosyltransferase gene UGT2 was identified to play a crucial role in salt tolerance. The transcription factor OsbZIP23 was demonstrated to regulate the UGT2 expression under stress conditions. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play key roles in modulating plant responses to environmental challenges. In this study, we characterized a novel glycosyltransferase, UGT2, which plays an important role in salt stress responses in rice (Oryza sativa L). We found that seedlings overexpressing UGT2 exhibited better growth than wild type in shoot and root under hydroponic culture with salt stress treatments, while ugt2ko mutant lines suffered much more growth inhibition. When the soil-grown UGT2 transgenic plants were subjected to salt stress, we also found that ugt2ko mutant lines were severely withered and most of them died, while the overexpression lines grew well and had higher survival rate. Compared with wild-type plants, UGT2 overexpression greatly increased the expression levels of the reactive oxygen species scavenging genes and stress-responsive genes. Furthermore, the upstream regulatory mechanism of the UGT2 gene was identified and we found that a bZIP transcription factor, OsbZIP23, can bind to the UGT2 promoter and enhance the UGT2 transcription levels. This work reveals that OsbZIP23-UGT2 module may play a major role in regulating the salt stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Xing-Kun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xian-Qin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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7
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Oviedo-Pereira DG, López-Meyer M, Evangelista-Lozano S, Sarmiento-López LG, Sepúlveda-Jiménez G, Rodríguez-Monroy M. Enhanced specialized metabolite, trichome density, and biosynthetic gene expression in Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni plants inoculated with endophytic bacteria Enterobacter hormaechei. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13675. [PMID: 35782100 PMCID: PMC9248782 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni is a plant of economic interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries due its steviol glycosides (SG), which are rich in metabolites that are 300 times sweeter than sucrose. In addition, S. rebaudiana plants contain phenolic compounds and flavonoids with antioxidant activity. Endophytic bacteria promote the growth and development and modulate the metabolism of the host plant. However, little is known regarding the role of endophytic bacteria in the growth; synthesis of SG, flavonoids and phenolic compounds; and the relationship between trichome development and specialized metabolites in S. rebaudiana, which was the subject of this study. The 12 bacteria tested did not increase the growth of S. rebaudiana plants; however, the content of SG increased with inoculation with the bacteria Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 and E. hormaechei H5A2. The SG content in leaves paralleled an increase in the density of glandular, short, and large trichome. The image analysis of S. rebaudiana leaves showed the presence of SG, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids principally in glandular and short trichomes. The increase in the transcript levels of the KO, KAH, UGT74G1, and UGT76G1 genes was related to the SG concentration in plants of S. rebaudiana inoculated with E. hormaechei H2A3 and E. hormaechei H5A2. In conclusion, inoculation with the stimulating endophytes E. hormaechei H2A3 and E. hormaechei H5A2 increased SG synthesis, flavonoid content and flavonoid accumulation in the trichomes of S. rebaudiana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumas G. Oviedo-Pereira
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Melina López-Meyer
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Silvia Evangelista-Lozano
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Luis G. Sarmiento-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Monroy
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
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Dai X, Shi X, Yang C, Zhao X, Zhuang J, Liu Y, Gao L, Xia T. Two UDP-Glycosyltransferases Catalyze the Biosynthesis of Bitter Flavonoid 7- O-Neohesperidoside through Sequential Glycosylation in Tea Plants. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2354-2365. [PMID: 35133826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid glycosides are typical bitter and astringent tasting compounds that contribute to the taste of tea beverages. However, the genes that contribute to the biosynthesis of bitter compounds (e.g., flavanone 7-O-neohesperidoside) in tea plants have yet to be identified. In this study, we identified 194 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) from the tea transcriptome database. Among them, two genes, CsUGT75L12 and CsUGT79B28, encoding flavonoid 7-O-glycosyltransferase and 7-O-glucoside(1→2)rhamnosyltransferase, respectively, were identified from Camellia sinensis. In vitro, the purified recombinant enzyme rCsUGT75L12 specifically transports the glucose unit from UDP-glucose to the 7-OH position of the flavonoid to produce the respective 7-O-glucoside. rCsUGT79B28 regiospecifically transfers a rhamnose unit from UDP-rhamnose to the 2″-OH position of flavonoid 7-O-glucosides to produce flavonoid 7-O-di-glycosides. Additionally, the expression profiles of the two CsUGTs were correlated with the accumulation patterns of 7-O-glucoside and 7-O-neohesperidoside, respectively, in tea plants. These results indicated that the two CsUGTs are involved in the biosynthesis of bitter flavonoid 7-O-neohesperidoside through the sequential glucosylation and rhamnosylation of flavonoids in C. sinensis. Taken together, our findings provided not only molecular insights into flavonoid di-glycoside metabolism in tea plants but also crucial molecular markers for controlling the bitterness and astringent taste of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Dai
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xingxing Shi
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changli Yang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Juhua Zhuang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
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9
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Li Y, Li J, Diao M, Peng L, Huang S, Xie N. Characterization of a Group of UDP-Glycosyltransferases Involved in the Biosynthesis of Triterpenoid Saponins of Panax notoginseng. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:770-779. [PMID: 35107265 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated glycosylation is a common modification in triterpene saponins, which exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and important pharmacological effects. However, few UGTs involved in saponin biosynthesis have been identified, limiting the biosynthesis of saponins. In this study, an efficient heterologous expression system was established for evaluating the UGT-mediated glycosylation process of triterpene saponins. Six UGTs (UGTPn17, UGTPn42, UGTPn35, UGTPn87, UGTPn19, and UGTPn12) from Panax notoginseng were predicted and found to be responsible for efficient and direct enzymatic biotransformation of 21 triterpenoid saponins via 26 various glycosylation reactions. Among them, UGTPn87 exhibited promiscuous sugar-donor specificity of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) and UDP-xylose (UDP-Xyl) by catalyzing the elongation of the second sugar chain at the C3 or/and C20 sites of protopanaxadiol-type saponins with a UDP-Glc or UDP-Xyl donor, as well as at the C20 site of protopanaxadiol-type saponins with a UDP-Glc donor. Two new saponins, Fd-Xyl and Fe-Xyl, were generated by catalyzing the C3-O-Glc xylosylations of notoginsenoside Fd and notoginsenoside Fe when incubated with UGTPn87. Moreover, the complete biosynthetic pathways of 17 saponins were elucidated, among which notoginsenoside L, vinaginsenoside R16, gypenoside LXXV, and gypenoside XVII were revealed in Panax for the first time. A yeast cell factory was constructed with a yield of Rh2 at 354.69 mg/L and a glycosylation ratio of 60.40% in flasks. Our results reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a group of saponins in P. notoginseng and provide a theoretical basis for producing rare and valuable saponins, promoting their industrial application in medicine and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jianxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Mengxue Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Longyun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Shihai Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Nengzhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
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10
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Jiang D, Li P, Yin Y, Ren G, Liu C. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of UGTs from Glycyrrhiza uralensis flavonoid pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1108-1116. [PMID: 34582913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., a well-known medicinal plant, contains flavonoids including liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin, and their corresponding glycoside liquiritin and isoliquiritin. Although some genes encoding UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have been functionally characterized in G. uralensis, other UGTs mechanisms of glycosylation remain to be elucidated. Against this background the aim of the present study included cloning and characterization of two full-length cDNA clones of GuUGT isoforms from the UGT multigene family. These included GuUGT2 (NCBI acc. MK341791) and GuUGT3 (NCBI acc. MK341793) with an ORF of 1473 and 1332 bp, respectively. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed GuUGTs protein of Glycine max had a high homology to that of other plants. Meanwhile, quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the transcript levels of GuUGTs in different tissues. The results indicated that GuUGTs was more expressed in roots as compared to the leaves, and significantly up-regulated upon NaCl stress. The recombinant protein was heterologous expressed in Escherichia coli and exhibited a high level of UGT activity, catalyzing formation of isoliquiritin and liquiritin from isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin. The key residues of GuUGT2 for liquiritigenin glycosylation (Asn223), isoliquiritigenin (Asp272) were predicted by molecular docking and residue scanning based on simulated mutations. These results could serve as an important reference to understand the function of the UGT family. In addition, the identification of GuUGT2 and GuUGT3 provides a foundation for future studies of flavonoid biosynthesis in G. uralensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Guangxi Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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11
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Yan MW, Xing XR, Wu FA, Wang J, Sheng S. UDP-glycosyltransferases contribute to the tolerance of parasitoid wasps towards insecticides. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021; 179:104967. [PMID: 34802517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a predominant endoparasitoid of lepidopteran pests in mulberry fields. Extensive application of insecticides puts natural enemies under threat. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), as important detoxification enzymes, potentially contribute to the detoxification of pesticides in insects. To investigate the roles of UGTs in the process of tolerance towards commonly used insecticides in M. pulchricornis, ten UGT genes were identified from the transcriptome database of M. pulchricornis. Seven UGT genes contained full-length ORFs and shared 47.12-78.28% identity with other homologous hymenopteran insects. qRT-PCR validation revealed that UGT genes can be induced by treatment of sublethal doses of phoxim, cypermethrin and chlorfenapyr, respectively, and these upregulations were depending on the time post insecticide treatments. To further explore the functions of UGT genes, three MpulUGT genes were singly knocked down, which resulted in the decline of UGT expression and significantly increased mortality of parasitoids under sublethal doses of insecticides exposure. This study revealed that UGTs in M. pulchricornis contributed to the tolerance towards insecticides and provided basic insight into the insecticide detoxification mechanism in parasitoid wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Wen Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Fu-An Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Sheng Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
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12
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Liu C, Yuan J, Zhang X, Jin S, Li F, Xiang J. tRNA copy number and codon usage in the sea cucumber genome provide insights into adaptive translation for saponin biosynthesis. Open Biol 2021; 11:210190. [PMID: 34753322 PMCID: PMC8580430 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic tRNA copy numbers determine cytoplasmic tRNA abundances, which in turn influence translation efficiency, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Using the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus as a model, we combined genomic sequence, transcriptome expression and ecological food resource data to study its codon usage adaptation. The results showed that, unlike intragenic non-coding RNAs, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) tended to be transcribed independently. This may be attributed to their specific Pol III promoters that lack transcriptional regulation, which may underlie the correlation between genomic copy number and cytoplasmic abundance of tRNAs. Moreover, codon usage optimization was mostly restrained by a gene's amino acid sequence, which might be a compromise between functionality and translation efficiency for stress responses were highly optimized for most echinoderms, while enzymes for saponin biosynthesis (LAS, CYPs and UGTs) were especially optimized in sea cucumbers, which might promote saponin synthesis as a defence strategy. The genomic tRNA content of A. japonicus was positively correlated with amino acid content in its natural food particles, which should promote its efficiency in protein synthesis. We propose that coevolution between genomic tRNA content and codon usage of sea cucumbers facilitates their saponin synthesis and survival using food resources with low nutrient content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhang Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Songjun Jin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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13
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Duan Z, Yan Q, Wu F, Wang Y, Wang S, Zong X, Zhou P, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Analysis of the UDP-Glycosyltransferase Family Reveals Its Roles in Coumarin Biosynthesis and Abiotic Stress in Melilotus albus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10826. [PMID: 34639166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins, natural products abundant in Melilotus albus, confer features in response to abiotic stresses, and are mainly present as glycoconjugates. UGTs (UDP-glycosyltransferases) are responsible for glycosylation modification of coumarins. However, information regarding the relationship between coumarin biosynthesis and stress-responsive UGTs remains limited. Here, a total of 189 MaUGT genes were identified from the M. albus genome, which were distributed differentially among its eight chromosomes. According to the phylogenetic relationship, MaUGTs can be classified into 13 major groups. Sixteen MaUGT genes were differentially expressed between genotypes of Ma46 (low coumarin content) and Ma49 (high coumarin content), suggesting that these genes are likely involved in coumarin biosynthesis. About 73.55% and 66.67% of the MaUGT genes were differentially expressed under ABA or abiotic stress in the shoots and roots, respectively. Furthermore, the functions of MaUGT68 and MaUGT186, which were upregulated under stress and potentially involved in coumarin glycosylation, were characterized by heterologous expression in yeast and Escherichia coli. These results extend our knowledge of the UGT gene family along with MaUGT gene functions, and provide valuable findings for future studies on developmental regulation and comprehensive data on UGT genes in M. albus.
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Du T, Fu B, Wei X, Yin C, Yang J, Huang M, Liang J, Gong P, Liu S, Xue H, Hu J, Diao Y, Gui L, Yang X, Zhang Y. Knockdown of UGT352A5 decreases the thiamethoxam resistance in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Gennadius). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:100-108. [PMID: 34245734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), which are major phase II detoxification enzymes, have been implicated in the glycosylation of lipophilic endobiotics and xenobiotics and thus potentially lead to the evolution of insecticide resistance. In this study, we identified and cloned two putative UGT genes from transcriptome data which are named UGT352A4 and UGT352A5. As demonstrated by qRT-PCR, two UGT genes were over-expressed in the thiamethoxam-resistant (THQR) strain relative to the susceptible (THQS) strain. Moreover, the induction experiment revealed that the expression of the UGT352A5 gene was significantly increased following exposure to thiamethoxam in the THQR strain. Furthermore, the expression of both UGT352A4 and UGT352A5 was downregulated after RNA interference, whereas only the silencing of UGT352A5 resulted in a noticeable increase in the mortality of THQR adults. Our results represent the first line of evidence showing that UGT352A5 might be responsible for conferring thiamethoxam resistance in B. tabaci. The results will be shed new insights for obtaining a better understanding of the role of UGTs in the evolution of insecticide resistance and developing new insect resistance management tactics within the sustainable integrated pest management framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Du
- Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China; Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Buli Fu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China; The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Xuegao Wei
- Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
| | - Cheng Yin
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Mingjiao Huang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jinjin Liang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Peipan Gong
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shaonan Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hu Xue
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yongchao Diao
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lianyou Gui
- Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China; Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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15
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Zeng X, Pan Y, Tian F, Li J, Xu H, Liu X, Chen X, Gao X, Peng T, Bi R, Shang Q. Functional validation of key cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and UDP-glycosyltransferase genes conferring cyantraniliprole resistance in Aphis gossypii Glover. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021; 176:104879. [PMID: 34119222 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are major detoxifying enzymes that metabolize plant toxins and insecticides. In the present study, the synergists of piperonyl butoxide, sulfinpyrazone and 5-nitrouracil significantly increased cyantraniliprole and α-cypermethrin toxicity against the resistant strain. The transcripts of UGT341A4, UGT344B4, UGT344D6, UGT344J2 and UGT344M2 increased significantly in the CyR strain compared with the susceptible strain. Among these upregulated genes (including P450s), CYP6CY7 and UGT344B4 were highly expressed in the midgut. Transgenic expression of the P450 and UGT genes in broad body tissues in Drosophila melanogaster indicated that the expression of CYP380C6, CYP4CJ1, UGT341A4, UGT344B4 and UGT344M2 is sufficient to confer cyantraniliprole resistance, and CYP380C6, CYP6CY7, CYP6CY21, UGT341A4 and UGT344M2 are related to α-cypermethrin cross-resistance. The midgut-specific overexpression of CYP380C6, CYP6CY7, CYP6CY21, CYP4CJ1, UGT341A4, UGT344B4 and UGT344M2 significantly increased insensitivity to cyantraniliprole, and CYP380C6, CYP6CY7, CYP6CY21, UGT344B4 and UGT344M2 confer α-cypermethrin cross-resistance. The expression of CYP380C6, CYP4CJ1, UGT341A4 and UGT344M2 in broad tissues or in midgut has similar effects on insensitivity to insecticides; however, CYP6CY7, CYP6CY21 and UGT344B4 are more effective in the midgut. This result indicates that broad body tissues and midgut tissue are involved in insecticide resistance mediated by the candidate P450s and UGTs examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Zeng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yiou Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Fayi Tian
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jianyi Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Tianfei Peng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Rui Bi
- Department of Entomology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Qingli Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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16
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Ali MY, Chang Q, Yan Q, Qian Z, Guo X, Thow K, Wu J, Zhang Y, Feng Y. Highly Efficient Biosynthesis of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Glucosides by Coupling of Microbial Glycosyltransferase to Plant Sucrose Synthase. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:645079. [PMID: 34169062 PMCID: PMC8218813 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.645079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a principal bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have been widely used to catalyze glycosylation of diverse nature products for the development of potential therapeutic compounds. In this study, we have characterized a UGT109A3 from Bacillus subtilis, which can glycosylate both the free C3 hydroxyl and C30 carboxyl groups of GA to yield a unique 3, 30-O-β-D-diglucoside-GA. By coupling the microbial UGT109A3 to plant sucrose synthase (SUS), GA-diglucoside could be biosynthesized in an efficient and economical way. With a fed-batch glycosylation, a large scale of GA-diglucoside (6.26 mM, 4.98 g/L in 8 h) could be enzymatically transformed from GA. The obtained GA-diglucoside showed a significant water solubility improvement of around 3.4 × 103 fold compared with that of the parent GA (29 μM). Moreover, it also exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity toward human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cell line according to MTT assay, having an IC50 at 160 μM. This study not only establishes efficient platform for producing GA-glucosides, but is also valuable for developing further the biosynthesis of other complex glycosylated natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yassin Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Qing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quande Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kieran Thow
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Chen Q, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang Y, Sun B, Chen T, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Liu Z, Wang X, Tang H. Broaden the sugar donor selectivity of blackberry glycosyltransferase UGT78H2 through residual substitutions. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:277-287. [PMID: 33129904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated secondary metabolites constitute a large proportion of nutrients or ingredients in consumed plants and related products. The glycosyl decoration largely depends on the activity of plant UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Mechanisms underlying the substrate selectivity and specificity of these reactions remain elusive. Here we report the cloning and functional characterization of a UGT, UGT78H2 in blackberry fruits. In vitro enzyme substrate specificity analysis and enzymatic kinetics evidenced that UGT78H2 glycosylate exclusively quercetin using uridine-5' diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDP-glucuronic acid) and uridine-5' diphosphate galactose (UDP-galactose). Site-directed mutagenesis was introduced into two residuals (N340P, K360N) previously unexplored. The mutation enhanced the protein catalyzing efficiency, especially toward UDP-galactose (23% higher), and expanded the sugar donor selectivity, which can use UDP-glucose as well. Molecular modeling and biochemical analysis results enable identification of the 23rd residue (360th in UGT78H2) of the PSPG (plant secondary product glycosyltransferase) motif as a key residue in defining this sugar selecting spectrum. Additionally, promoter of UGT78H2 was obtained. Transgenic analysis using the UGT78H2pro::GUS reporter system demonstrated that transcripts controlled by the promoter predominantly expressed in younger tissues. Subcellular localization study revealed that UGT78H2 was a soluble protein in the nucleus and cytoplasm. These results clarified the bio-function of UGT78H2 and provided a valid approach for substrate selectivity modification in horticultural plants, particularly for sugar donor selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Xunju Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Yueyang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Zejing Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China; Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, China.
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18
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Sarmiento-López LG, López-Meyer M, Sepúlveda-Jiménez G, Cárdenas L, Rodríguez-Monroy M. Photosynthetic performance and stevioside concentration are improved by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Stevia rebaudiana under different phosphate concentrations. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10173. [PMID: 33133783 PMCID: PMC7580585 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, phosphorus (P) uptake occurs via arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and through plant roots. The phosphate concentration is known to affect colonization by AM fungi, and the effect depends on the plant species. Stevia rebaudiana plants are valuable sources of sweetener compounds called steviol glycosides (SGs), and the principal components of SGs are stevioside and rebaudioside A. However, a detailed analysis describing the effect of the phosphate concentration on the colonization of AM fungi in the roots and the relationship of these factors to the accumulation of SGs and photochemical performance has not been performed; such an analysis was the aim of this study. The results indicated that low phosphate concentrations (20 and 200 µM KH2PO4) induced a high percentage of colonization by Rhizophagus irregularis in the roots of S. rebaudiana, while high phosphate concentrations (500 and 1,000 µM KH2PO4) reduced colonization. The morphology of the colonization structure is a typical Arum-type mycorrhiza, and a mycorrhiza-specific phosphate transporter was identified. Colonization with low phosphate concentrations improved plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration, and photochemical performance. The transcription of the genes that encode kaurene oxidase and glucosyltransferase (UGT74G1) was upregulated in colonized plants at 200 µM KH2PO4, which was consistent with the observed patterns of stevioside accumulation. In contrast, at 200 µM KH2PO4, the transcription of UGT76G1 and the accumulation of rebaudioside A were higher in noncolonized plants than in colonized plants. These results indicate that a low phosphate concentration improves mycorrhizal colonization and modulates the stevioside and rebaudioside A concentration by regulating the transcription of the genes that encode kaurene oxidase and glucosyltransferases, which are involved in stevioside and rebaudioside A synthesis in S. rebaudiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G. Sarmiento-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Melina López-Meyer
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Monroy
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Morelos, México
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Wang T, Li P, Mu T, Dong G, Zheng C, Jin S, Chen T, Hou B, Li Y. Overexpression of UGT74E2, an Arabidopsis IBA Glycosyltransferase, Enhances Seed Germination and Modulates Stress Tolerance via ABA Signaling in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197239. [PMID: 33008047 PMCID: PMC7582762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play key roles in modulating plant development and responses to environmental challenges. Previous research reported that the Arabidopsis UDP-glucosyltransferase 74E2 (AtUGT74E2), which transfers glucose to indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), is involved in regulating plant architecture and stress responses. Here, we show novel and distinct roles of UGT74E2 in rice. We found that overexpression of AtUGT74E2 in rice could enhance seed germination. This effect was also observed in the presence of IBA and abscisic acid (ABA), as well as salt and drought stresses. Further investigation indicated that the overexpression lines had lower levels of free IBA and ABA compared to wild-type plants. Auxin signaling pathway gene expression such as for OsARF and OsGH3 genes, as well as ABA signaling pathway genes OsABI3 and OsABI5, was substantially downregulated in germinating seeds of UGT74E2 overexpression lines. Consistently, due to reduced IBA and ABA levels, the established seedlings were less tolerant to drought and salt stresses. The regulation of rice seed germination and stress tolerance could be attributed to IBA and ABA level alterations, as well as modulation of the auxin/ABA signaling pathways by UGT74E2. The distinct roles of UGT74E2 in rice implied that complex and different molecular regulation networks exist between Arabidopsis and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Pan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Tianjiao Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Guangrui Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Shanghui Jin
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Tingting Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Bingkai Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Yanjie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Wang D, Wang J, Shi Y, Li R, Fan F, Huang Y, Li W, Chen N, Huang L, Dai Z, Zhang X. Elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway of the main triterpene glycosylation products of Panax notoginseng using a synthetic biology platform. Metab Eng 2020; 61:131-40. [PMID: 32454222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated glycosylation is a widespread modification of plant natural products (PNPs), which exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, and are of great pharmaceutical, ecological and agricultural significance. However, functional annotation is available for less than 2% of the family 1 UGTs, which currently has 20,000 members that are known to glycosylate several classes of PNPs. This low percentage illustrates the difficulty of experimental study and accurate prediction of their function. Here, a synthetic biology platform for elucidating the UGT-mediated glycosylation process of PNPs was established, including glycosyltransferases dependent on UDP-glucose and UDP-xylose. This platform is based on reconstructing the specific PNPs biosynthetic pathways in dedicated microbial yeast chassis by the simple method of plug-and-play. Five UGT enzymes were identified as responsible for the biosynthesis of the main glycosylation products of triterpenes in Panax notoginseng, including a novel UDP-xylose dependent glycosyltransferase enzyme for notoginsenoside R1 biosynthesis. Additionally, we constructed a yeast cell factory that yields >1 g/L of ginsenoside compound K. This platform for functional gene identification and strain engineering can serve as the basis for creating alternative sources of important natural products and thereby protecting natural plant resources.
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21
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Wang M, Liu X, Shi L, Liu J, Shen G, Zhang P, Lu W, He L. Functional analysis of UGT201D3 associated with abamectin resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). Insect Sci 2020; 27:276-291. [PMID: 30136378 PMCID: PMC7379272 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are widely distributed within living organisms and share roles in biotransformation of various lipophilic endo- and xenobiotics with activated UDP sugars. In this study, it was found that the activity of UGTs in abamectin-resistant (AbR) strain was significantly higher (2.35-fold) than that in susceptible strain (SS) of Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Further analysis showed that 5-nitrouracil, the inhibitor of UGTs, could enhance the lethal effect of abamectin on mites. From the previous microarray results, we found an UGT gene (UGT201D3) overexpressed in AbR strain. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that UGT201D3 was highly expressed and more inducible with abamectin exposure in the AbR strain. After silencing the transcription of UGT201D3, the activity of UGTs was decreased and the susceptibility to abamectin was increased in AbR strain whereas it was not in SS. Furthermore, UGT201D3 gene was then successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant UGT201D3 exhibited α-naphthol activity (2.81 ± 0.43 nmol/mg protein/min), and the enzyme activity could be inhibited by abamectin (inhibitory concentration at 50%: 57.50 ± 3.54 μmol/L). High-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated that the recombinant UGT201D3 could effectively deplete abamectin (15.77% ± 3.72%) incubating with 150 μg protein for 6 h. These results provided direct evidence that UGT201D3 was involved in abamectin resistance in T. cinnabarinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xin‐Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li Shi
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jia‐Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guang‐Mao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wen‐Cai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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Sun P, Cai R, Chen L, Li Y, Jia H, Yan M, Chen K. Natural Product Glycosylation: Biocatalytic Synthesis of Quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 190:464-74. [PMID: 31385192 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids have gained much attention for their proposed positive effects for human health. Glycosylation is a significant method for the structural modification of various flavanols, resulting in glycosides with increased solubility, stability, and bioavailability compared with the corresponding aglycone. Natural product glycosylation by using enzymes has emerged as a topic of interest as it offers a sustainable and economical alternative source so as to address supply scalability limitations associated with plant-based production. Quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside, as one of the major but trace bioactive flavonoids in onion (Allium cepa), is superior or at least equal to quercetin aglycone in its bioavailability. In the present study, the onion-derived enzyme, UGT73G1, coupled with sucrose synthase, StSUS1, from Solanum tuberosum formed a circulatory system to produce quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside from quercetin, which preferred sucrose as a sugar donor and quercetin as a sugar acceptor. The optimal conditions were determined in order to increase the production of quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside. The maximum concentration of quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside achieved in a 10-mL reaction was 427.11 mg/L, from the conversion of 1 g/L of quercetin for 16 h at 40 °C and pH 7.2.
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Tian F, Wang Z, Li C, Liu J, Zeng X. UDP-Glycosyltransferases are involved in imidacloprid resistance in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Lividae). Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 154:23-31. [PMID: 30765053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), as phase II detoxification enzymes, are widely distributed within living organisms and play vital roles in the biotransformation of endobiotics and xenobiotics in insects. Insects increase the expression of detoxification enzymes to cope with the stress of xenobiotics, including insecticides. However, the roles of UGTs in insecticide resistance are still seldom reported. In this study, two UGT inhibitors, namely, 5-nitrouracil and sulfinpyrazone, were found to synergistically increase the toxicity of imidacloprid in the resistant population of Diaphorina citri. Based on transcriptome data, a total of 17 putative UGTs were identified. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that fourteen of the 17 UGT genes were overexpressed in the resistant population relative to the susceptible population. Using RNA interference technology to knockdown six UGT genes, the results suggested that silencing the selected UGT375A1, UGT383A1, UGT383B1, and UGT384A1 genes dramatically increased the toxicity of imidacloprid in the resistant population. However, silencing the UGT362B1 and UGT379A1 genes did not result in a significant increase in the toxicity of imidacloprid in the resistant population. These findings revealed that some upregulated UGT genes were involved in imidacloprid resistance in D. citri. These results shed some light upon and further our understanding of the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajun Tian
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhengbing Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Silva Pereira S, Jackson AP. UDP-glycosyltransferase genes in trypanosomatid genomes have diversified independently to meet the distinct developmental needs of parasite adaptations. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:31. [PMID: 29540192 PMCID: PMC5853035 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosomatid parasites such as Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp. are a major source of infectious disease in humans and domestic animals worldwide. Fundamental to the host-parasite interactions of these potent pathogens are their cell surfaces, which are highly decorated with glycosylated proteins and other macromolecules. Trypanosomatid genomes contain large multi-copy gene families encoding UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), the primary role of which is cell-surface decoration. Here we report a phylogenetic analysis of UGTs from diverse trypanosomatid genomes, the aim of which was to understand the origin and evolution of their diversity. RESULTS By combining phylogenetics with analyses of recombination, and selection, we compared UGT repertoire, genomic context and sequence evolution across 19 trypanosomatids. We identified a UGT lineage present in stercorarian trypanosomes and a free-living kinetoplastid Bodo saltans that likely represents the ancestral state of this gene family. The phylogeny of parasite-specific genes shows that UGTs repertoire in Leishmaniinae and salivarian trypanosomes has expanded independently and with distinct evolutionary dynamics. In the former, the ancestral UGT repertoire was organised in a tandem array from which sporadic transpositions to telomeric regions occurred, allowing expansion most likely through telomeric exchange. In the latter, the ancestral UGT repertoire was comprised of seven subtelomeric lineages, two of which have greatly expanded potentially by gene transposition between these dynamic regions of the genome. CONCLUSIONS The phylogeny of UGTs confirms that they represent a substantial parasite-specific innovation, which has diversified independently in the distinct trypanosomatid lineages. Nonetheless, developmental regulation has been a strong driver of UGTs diversification in both African trypanosomes and Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva Pereira
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park Ic2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK.
| | - Andrew P Jackson
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park Ic2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
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25
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Li X, Shi H, Gao X, Liang P. Characterization of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes and their possible roles in multi-insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.). Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:695-704. [PMID: 29027758 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), as multifunctional detoxification enzymes, play important roles in the biotransformation of various compounds. However, their roles in insecticide resistance are still unclear. This study presents a genome-wide identification of the UGTs in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), a notorious insect pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. The possible roles of these UGTs in insecticide resistance were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 21 putative UGTs in P. xylostella were identified. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analyses showed that all the UGT genes were expressed in all tested developmental stages and tissues. Bioassay results indicated that a field-collected population (BL) was resistant to 9 of 10 commonly used insecticides, and 10 of 21 UGT mRNAs were upregulated in the BL population. Exposure to the LC50 of each insecticide affected the expression of most UGT genes. Among these, the expression levels of UGT40V1, UGT45B1 and UGT33AA4 were induced by more than five insecticides, whereas indoxacarb and metaflumizone significantly repressed the expression of most UGT genes. CONCLUSION UGTs may play important roles in the metabolism of commonly used insecticides in P. xylostella. These findings provide valuable information for further research on the physiological and toxicological functions of specific UGT genes in P. xylostella. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Zhu B, Gao X, Liang P. Over-expression of UDP-glycosyltransferase gene UGT2B17 is involved in chlorantraniliprole resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.). Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:1402-1409. [PMID: 27786405 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes widely distributed within living organisms. Their involvement in the biotransformation of various lipophilic endogenous compounds and phytoalexins in insects has been documented. However, the roles of this enzyme family in insecticide resistance have rarely been reported. Here, the functions of UGTs in chlorantraniliprole resistance in Plutella xylostella were investigated. RESULTS Treatment with sulfinpyrazone and 5-nitrouracil (both inhibitors of UGT enzymes) significantly increased the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole against the third instar larvae of P. xylostella. Among the 23 UGT transcripts examined, only UGT2B17 was found to be over-expressed (with a range from 30.7- to 77.3-fold) in all four chlorantraniliprole-resistant populations compared to the susceptible one (CHS). The knock-down of UGT2B17 by RNA interference (RNAi) dramatically increased the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole by 27.4% and 29.8% in the CHS and CHR (resistant) populations, respectively. In contrast, exposure to phenobarbital significantly increased the relative expression of UGT2B17 while decreasing the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to the larvae by 14.0%. CONCLUSION UGT2B17 is involved in the detoxification of chlorantraniliprole, and its over-expression may play an important role in chlorantraniliprole resistance in P. xylostella. These results shed some light upon and further our understanding of the mechanisms of diamide insecticide resistance in insects. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Yoneda Y, Nakashima H, Miyasaka J, Ohdoi K, Shimizu H. Impact of blue, red, and far-red light treatments on gene expression and steviol glycoside accumulation in Stevia rebaudiana. Phytochemistry 2017; 137:57-65. [PMID: 28215607 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni is a plant that biosynthesizes a group of natural sweeteners that are up to approximately 400 times sweeter than sucrose. The sweetening components of S. rebaudiana are steviol glycosides (SGs) that partially share their biosynthesis pathway with gibberellins (GAs). However, the molecular mechanisms through which SGs levels can be improved have not been studied. Therefore, transcription levels of several SG biosynthesis-related genes were analyzed under several light treatments involved in GA biosynthesis. We detected higher transcription of UGT85C2, which is one of the UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in catalyzing the sugar-transfer reaction, under red/far-red (R/FR) 1.22 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and blue LEDs treatment. In this study, it was demonstrated that transcription levels of SG-related genes and the SGs content are affected by light treatments known to affect the GA contents. It is expected that this approach could serve as a practical way to increase SG contents using specific light treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoneda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Juro Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Ohdoi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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28
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Khakimov B, Kuzina V, Erthmann PØ, Fukushima EO, Augustin JM, Olsen CE, Scholtalbers J, Volpin H, Andersen SB, Hauser TP, Muranaka T, Bak S. Identification and genome organization of saponin pathway genes from a wild crucifer, and their use for transient production of saponins in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant J 2015; 84:478-90. [PMID: 26333142 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability to evolve novel metabolites has been instrumental for the defence of plants against antagonists. A few species in the Barbarea genus are the only crucifers known to produce saponins, some of which make plants resistant to specialist herbivores, like Plutella xylostella, the diamondback moth. Genetic mapping in Barbarea vulgaris revealed that genes for saponin biosynthesis are not clustered but are located in different linkage groups. Using co-location with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance, transcriptome and genome sequences, we identified two 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases that form the major triterpenoid backbones. LUP2 mainly produces lupeol, and is preferentially expressed in insect-susceptible B. vulgaris plants, whereas LUP5 produces β-amyrin and α-amyrin, and is preferentially expressed in resistant plants; β-amyrin is the backbone for the resistance-conferring saponins in Barbarea. Two loci for cytochromes P450, predicted to add functional groups to the saponin backbone, were identified: CYP72As co-localized with insect resistance, whereas CYP716As did not. When B. vulgaris sapogenin biosynthesis genes were transiently expressed by CPMV-HT technology in Nicotiana benthamiana, high levels of hydroxylated and carboxylated triterpenoid structures accumulated, including oleanolic acid, which is a precursor of the major resistance-conferring saponins. When the B. vulgaris gene for sapogenin 3-O-glucosylation was co-expressed, the insect deterrent 3-O-oleanolic acid monoglucoside accumulated, as well as triterpene structures with up to six hexoses, demonstrating that N. benthamiana further decorates the monoglucosides. We argue that saponin biosynthesis in the Barbarea genus evolved by a neofunctionalized glucosyl transferase, whereas the difference between resistant and susceptible B. vulgaris chemotypes evolved by different expression of oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Vera Kuzina
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Pernille Ø Erthmann
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Ery Odette Fukushima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jörg M Augustin
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Jelle Scholtalbers
- EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
- Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, Wageningen, 6708 PW, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Volpin
- Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, Wageningen, 6708 PW, The Netherlands
- Danziger Innovations, Mishmar HaShiva, 5029700, Israel
| | - Sven Bode Andersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Thure P Hauser
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Søren Bak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
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29
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Nair PC, Meech R, Mackenzie PI, McKinnon RA, Miners JO. Insights into the UDP-sugar selectivities of human UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT): a molecular modeling perspective. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:335-45. [PMID: 26289097 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1071835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes of the human uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily typically catalyze the covalent addition of a sugar from UDP-sugar cofactors to relatively small lipophilic compounds. The sugar conjugates are often biologically less active with improved water-solubility, facilitating more effective elimination from the body. Experimental data indicate that UGT proteins exhibit differing selectivities toward various UDP-sugars. Although, three-dimensional (3D) structures of UGT proteins are required to provide insights into the UDP-sugar selectivities observed for the various UGT proteins, there are currently, no experimental structures available for human UGTs bound to UDP-sugar(s). Thus, the absence of 3D structures poses a major challenge for analyzing UDP-sugar selectivity at an atomic level. In this commentary, we highlight the application of comparative homology modeling for understanding the UDP-sugar selectivities of UGT proteins. Homology models of the C-terminal (CT) domain indicate a highly conserved structural fold across the UGT family with backbone root mean-squared deviations (rmsds) between 0.066 and 0.079 Å with respect to the UGT2B7-CT X-ray crystal structure. The models show that four residues in the terminal portion of the CT signature sequence play an important role in UDP-sugar selectivity. The N-terminal domain is less likely to be associated with UDP-sugar selectivity, although, a conserved residue, Arg-259 (UGT2B7 numbering) in the UGT 1 and 2 families may influence UDP-sugar selectivity. Overall, the models demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental observations in predicting the key residues that influence the selectivity of UDP-sugar binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod C Nair
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology and.,b Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University School of Medicine , Bedford Park , SA , Australia
| | - Robyn Meech
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology and.,b Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University School of Medicine , Bedford Park , SA , Australia
| | - Peter I Mackenzie
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology and.,b Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University School of Medicine , Bedford Park , SA , Australia
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- b Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University School of Medicine , Bedford Park , SA , Australia
| | - John O Miners
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology and.,b Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University School of Medicine , Bedford Park , SA , Australia
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30
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Nair PC, Meech R, Mackenzie PI, McKinnon RA, Miners JO. Insights into the UDP-sugar selectivities of human UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT): a molecular modeling perspective. Drug Metab Rev 2015:1-11. [PMID: 26234632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes of the human uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily typically catalyze the covalent addition of a sugar from UDP-sugar cofactors to relatively small lipophilic compounds. The sugar conjugates are often biologically less active with improved water-solubility, facilitating more effective elimination from the body. Experimental data indicate that UGT proteins exhibit differing selectivities toward various UDP-sugars. Although, three-dimensional (3D) structures of UGT proteins are required to provide insights into the UDP-sugar selectivities observed for the various UGT proteins, there are currently, no experimental structures available for human UGTs bound to UDP-sugar(s). Thus, the absence of 3D structures poses a major challenge for analyzing UDP-sugar selectivity at an atomic level. In this commentary, we highlight the application of comparative homology modeling for understanding the UDP-sugar selectivities of UGT proteins. Homology models of the C-terminal (CT) domain indicate a highly conserved structural fold across the UGT family with backbone root mean-squared deviations (rmsds) between 0.066 and 0.079 Å with respect to the UGT2B7-CT X-ray crystal structure. The models show that four residues in the terminal portion of the CT signature sequence play an important role in UDP-sugar selectivity. The N-terminal domain is less likely to be associated with UDP-sugar selectivity, although, a conserved residue, Arg-259 (UGT2B7 numbering) in the UGT 1 and 2 families may influence UDP-sugar selectivity. Overall, the models demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental observations in predicting the key residues that influence the selectivity of UDP-sugar binding.
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31
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Bozzolan F, Siaussat D, Maria A, Durand N, Pottier MA, Chertemps T, Maïbèche-Coisne M. Antennal uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases in a pest insect: diversity and putative function in odorant and xenobiotics clearance. Insect Mol Biol 2014; 23:539-549. [PMID: 24698447 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are detoxification enzymes widely distributed within living organisms. They are involved in the biotransformation of various lipophilic endogenous compounds and xenobiotics, including odorants. Several UGTs have been reported in the olfactory organs of mammals and involved in olfactory processing and detoxification within the olfactory mucosa but, in insects, this enzyme family is still poorly studied. Despite recent transcriptomic analyses, the diversity of antennal UGTs in insects has not been investigated. To date, only three UGT cDNAs have been shown to be expressed in insect olfactory organs. In the present study, we report the identification of eleven putative UGTs expressed in the antennae of the model pest insect Spodoptera littoralis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these UGTs belong to five different families, highlighting their structural diversity. In addition, two genes, UGT40R3 and UGT46A6, were either specifically expressed or overexpressed in the antennae, suggesting specific roles in this sensory organ. Exposure of male moths to the sex pheromone and to a plant odorant differentially downregulated the transcription levels of these two genes, revealing for the first time the regulation of insect UGTs by odorant exposure. Moreover, the specific antennal gene UGT46A6 was upregulated by insecticide topical application on antennae, suggesting its role in the protection of the olfactory organ towards xenobiotics. This work highlights the structural and functional diversity of UGTs within this highly specialized tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bozzolan
- Département d'Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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