1
|
Gamboa DMP, Abatal M, Lima E, Franseschi FA, Ucán CA, Tariq R, Elías MAR, Vargas J. Sorption Behavior of Azo Dye Congo Red onto Activated Biochar from Haematoxylum campechianum Waste: Gradient Boosting Machine Learning-Assisted Bayesian Optimization for Improved Adsorption Process. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4771. [PMID: 38731990 PMCID: PMC11083778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to describe the adsorption behavior of Congo red (CR) onto activated biochar material prepared from Haematoxylum campechianum waste (ABHC). The carbon precursor was soaked with phosphoric acid, followed by pyrolysis to convert the precursor into activated biochar. The surface morphology of the adsorbent (before and after dye adsorption) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), BET method, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and, lastly, pHpzc was also determined. Batch studies were carried out in the following intervals of pH = 4-10, temperature = 300.15-330.15 K, the dose of adsorbent = 1-10 g/L, and isotherms evaluated the adsorption process to determine the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax, mg/g). Kinetic studies were performed starting from two different initial concentrations (25 and 50 mg/L) and at a maximum contact time of 48 h. The reusability potential of activated biochar was evaluated by adsorption-desorption cycles. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was 114.8 mg/g at 300.15 K, pH = 5.4, and a dose of activated biochar of 1.0 g/L. This study also highlights the application of advanced machine learning techniques to optimize a chemical removal process. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset, a Gradient Boosting regression model was developed and fine-tuned using Bayesian optimization within a Python programming environment. The optimization algorithm efficiently navigated the input space to maximize the removal percentage, resulting in a predicted efficiency of approximately 90.47% under optimal conditions. These findings offer promising insights for enhancing efficiency in similar removal processes, showcasing the potential of machine learning in process optimization and environmental remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Abatal
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Ciudad del Carmen 24115, Campeche, Mexico;
| | - Eder Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil;
| | - Francisco Anguebes Franseschi
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 Av. Concordia, Ciudad del Carmen 24180, Campeche, Mexico; (F.A.F.); (C.A.U.); (M.A.R.E.)
| | - Claudia Aguilar Ucán
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 Av. Concordia, Ciudad del Carmen 24180, Campeche, Mexico; (F.A.F.); (C.A.U.); (M.A.R.E.)
| | - Rasikh Tariq
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for the Future of Education, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - Miguel Angel Ramírez Elías
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 Av. Concordia, Ciudad del Carmen 24180, Campeche, Mexico; (F.A.F.); (C.A.U.); (M.A.R.E.)
| | - Joel Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mer K, Egiebor NO, Tao W, Sajjadi B, Wijethunga UK, Leem G. Capacitive removal of Pb ions via electrosorption on novel willow biochar-manganese dioxide composites. Environ Technol 2024; 45:999-1012. [PMID: 36215094 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2135028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar derived from lignocellulosic biomass has been used as a low-cost adsorbent in wastewater treatment applications. Due to its rich porous structure and good electrical conductivity, biochar can be used as a cost-effective electrode material for capacitive deionization of water. In this work, willow biochar was prepared through carbonization of shrub willow chips, activated with potassium hydroxide, and loaded with manganese dioxide (WBC-K-MnO2 nanocomposite). The prepared materials were used to electrochemically adsorb Pb2+ from aqueous solutions. Under the applied potential of 1.0 V, the WBC-K-MnO2 electrode exhibited a high Pb2+ specific electrosorption capacity (23.3 mg/g) as compared to raw willow biochar (4.0 mg/g) and activated willow biochar (9.2 mg/g). KOH activation followed by MnO2 loading on the surface of raw biochar enhanced its BET surface area (178.7 m2/g) and mesoporous volume ratio (42.1%). Moreover, the WBC-K-MnO2 nanocomposite exhibited the highest specific capacitance value of 234.3 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. The electrosorption isotherms and kinetic data were well explained by the Freundlich and pseudo-second order models, respectively. The WBC-K-MnO2 electrode demonstrated excellent reusability with a Pb2+ electrosorption efficiency of 76.3% after 15 cycles. Thus, the WBC-K-MnO2 nanocomposite can serve as a promising candidate for capacitive deionization of heavy metal contaminated water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Mer
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Nosa O Egiebor
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Wendong Tao
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Baharak Sajjadi
- School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Udani K Wijethunga
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei F, Jin S, Yao C, Wang T, Zhu S, Ma Y, Qiao H, Shan L, Wang R, Lian X, Tong X, Li Y, Zhao Q, Song W. Revealing the Combined Effect of Active Sites and Intra-Particle Diffusion on Adsorption Mechanism of Methylene Blue on Activated Red-Pulp Pomelo Peel Biochar. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114426. [PMID: 37298903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoric acid-activated biochar has been proven to be a promising adsorbent for pollutant removal in an aqueous solution. It is urgent to understand how surface adsorption and intra-particle diffusion synergistically contribute to the adsorption kinetic process of dyes. In this work, we prepared a series of PPC adsorbents (PPCs) from red-pulp pomelo peel under different pyrolysis temperatures (150-350 °C), which have a broad specific surface area range from 3.065 m2/g to 1274.577 m2/g. The active sites on the surface of PPCs have shown specific change laws of decreasing hydroxyl groups and increasing phosphate ester groups occurring as the pyrolysis temperature rises. Both reaction models (PFO and PSO models) and diffusion models (intra-particle diffusion models) have been applied to simulate the adsorption experimental data to verify the hypothesis deduced from the Elovich model. PPC-300 exhibits the highest adsorption capacity of MB (423 mg/g) under given conditions. Due to its large quantities of active sites on the external and internal surfaces (1274.577 m2/g), a fast adsorption equilibrium can be achieved within 60 min (with an initial MB concentration of 100 ppm). PPC-300 and PPC-350 also exhibit an intra-particle-diffusion-controlled adsorption kinetic process with a low initial MB concentration (100 ppm) or at the very beginning and final stage of adsorption with a high initial MB concentration (300 ppm) at 40 °C, considering that the diffusion is likely hindered by adsorbate molecules through internal pore channels at the middle stage of adsorption in these cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Shenglong Jin
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Chunyi Yao
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Tianhao Wang
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Shengpu Zhu
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Yabiao Ma
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Heng Qiao
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Linxi Shan
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Rencong Wang
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Xiaoxue Lian
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tong
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun J, Ji L, Han X, Wu Z, Cai L, Guo J, Wang Y. Mesoporous Activated Biochar from Crab Shell with Enhanced Adsorption Performance for Tetracycline. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051042. [PMID: 36900558 PMCID: PMC10000494 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, three mesoporous-activated crab shell biochars were prepared by carbonation and chemical activation with KOH (K-CSB), H3PO4 (P-CSB), and KMnO4 (M-CSB) to evaluate their tetracycline (TC) adsorption capacities. Characterization by SEM and a porosity analysis revealed that the K-CSB, P-CSB, and M-CSB possessed a puffy, mesoporous structure, with K-CSB exhibiting a larger specific surface area (1738 m2/g). FT-IR analysis revealed that abundant, surface ox-containing functional groups possessed by K-CSB, P-CSB, and M-CSB, such as -OH, C-O, and C=O, enhanced adsorption for TC, thereby enhancing their adsorption efficiency for TC. The maximum TC adsorption capacities of the K-CSB, P-CSB, and M-CSB were 380.92, 331.53, and 281.38 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics data of the three TC adsorbents fit the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption mechanism involved aperture filling, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic action, π-π EDA action, and complexation. As a low-cost and highly effective adsorbent for antibiotic wastewater treatment, activated crab shell biochar has enormous application potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Sun
- National Marine Facilities Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Lili Ji
- National Marine Facilities Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhaodi Wu
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Institute of Ocean Higher Education, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jian Guo
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- National Marine Facilities Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
David E. Production of Activated Biochar Derived from Residual Biomass for Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:389. [PMID: 36614729 PMCID: PMC9822064 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released in air represent a major potential for environmental pollution. Capture methods based on activated biochar have attracted attention because of their low cost and for the high removal capacity of the material due to its physical and chemical properties. In this paper, activated biochars were developed and their adsorption performance for VOC capture was evaluated. In the first step, biochars derived from rapeseed cake (RSC) and walnut shells (WSC) were obtained through a carbonization process and then were activated using basic/acid agents (KOH/H2SO4) to increase their performance as adsorbents. Acetone and toluene were used as the VOC templates. The adsorption capacities of toluene and acetone for non-activated biochars were reduced (26.65 mg/g), while that of activated biochars increased quite significantly, up to 166.72 mg/g, and the biochars activated with H2SO4 presented a higher adsorption capacity of VOCs than the biochars activated with KOH. The higher adsorption capacity of biochars activated with H2SO4 can be attributed to their large surface area, and also to their larger pore volume. This activated biochar adsorbent could be used with good results to equip air purification filters to capture and remove VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena David
- National Research Institute for Cryogenic & Isotopic Technologies, Street Uzinei no. 4, P.O. Râureni, P.O. Box 7, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sobhan A, Jia F, Kelso LC, Biswas SK, Muthukumarappan K, Cao C, Wei L, Li Y. A Novel Activated Biochar-Based Immunosensor for Rapid Detection of E. coli O157:H7. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:908. [PMID: 36291044 PMCID: PMC9599117 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
E. coli O157:H7, one of the major foodborne pathogens, can cause a significant threat to the safety of foods. The aim of this research is to develop an activated biochar-based immunosensor that can rapidly detect E. coli O157:H7 cells without incubation in pure culture. Biochar was developed from corn stalks using proprietary reactors and then activated using steam-activation treatment. The developed activated biochar presented an enhanced surface area of 830.78 m2/g. To develop the biosensor, the gold electrode of the sensor was first coated with activated biochar and then functionalized with streptavidin as a linker and further immobilized with biotin-labeled anti-E. coli polyclonal antibodies (pAbs). The optimum concentration of activated biochar for sensor development was determined to be 20 mg/mL. Binding of anti-E. coli pAbs with E. coli O157:H7 resulted in a significant increase in impedance amplitude from 3.5 to 8.5 kΩ when compared to an only activated biochar-coated electrode. The developed immunosensor was able to detect E. coli O157:H7 cells with a limit of detection of 4 log CFU/mL without incubation. Successful binding of E. coli O157:H7 onto an activated biochar-based immunosensor was observed on the microelectrode surface in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Sobhan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA or
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Fei Jia
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA or
| | - Lisa Cooney Kelso
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA or
| | - Sonatan Kumar Biswas
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA or
| | | | - Changyong Cao
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology (APT) Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA or
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim M, Jeong C, Kim M, Nam J, Shim C, Shin J. Evaluation of the Impact of Activated Biochar-Manure Compost Pellet Fertilizer on Volatile Organic Compound Emissions and Heavy Metal Saturation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12405. [PMID: 36231705 PMCID: PMC9566479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For this experiment, pelletized activated biochar made of rice hullsor palm bark with swine manure compost was prepared to demonstrate the significant benefits of applying activated biochar-manure compost pellet fertilizer (ABMCP) inmitigating volatile organic compounds (VOCs), odor emission, and heavy metal saturation. Morphology and surface area analysis indicated that the activated rice hull biochar-manure compost pellet (ARP) had a significantly lower surface area, porous volume, and Fe content the activated palm biochar-manure compost pellet (APP). However, the ARP presented great potential to mitigate VOCs and odorant emissions. Our results indicated that the ARP reduced total reduced sulfur (TRS) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) emissions by 69% and 93%, respectively. Heavy metals such as Pb, As, and Cd were not detected in the leachates fromthe ARP, APP, and swine manure compost. These results suggest that ABMCP can be a potential adsorbent to control VOCs and odorant emissions andpromote sustainable swine manure management and agricultural application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Changyoon Jeong
- Red River Research Station, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University, 262 Research Station Driver, Bossier City, LA 7112, USA
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Organic Agriculture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanjugun 55365, Korea
| | - Joohee Nam
- Eco-Friendly Environment & Microorganism Research Institute, Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Wanjugun 55365, Korea
| | - Changki Shim
- Eco-Friendly Environment & Microorganism Research Institute, Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Wanjugun 55365, Korea
| | - Joungdu Shin
- Bio-Technology of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Co., 204 Ho JBTP R&D Center, 224 Wanjusan 6 Ro, Bondonggeup, Wanjugun 55315, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cerven V, Novak JM, Szögi AA, Pantuck K, Watts DW, Johnson MG. The Occurrence of Legacy P Soils and Potential Mitigation Practices Using Activated Biochar. Agron J 2021; 11:1-11. [PMID: 35769313 PMCID: PMC9238423 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11071289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The long-term application of manures in watersheds with dense animal production has increased soil phosphorus (P) concentration, exceeding plant and soil assimilative capacities. The P accumulated in soils that are heavily manured and contain excess extractable soil P concentrations is known as legacy P. Runoff and leaching can transport legacy P to ground water and surface water bodies, contributing to water quality impairment and environmental pollution, such as eutrophication. This review article analyzes and discusses current and innovative management practices for soil legacy P. Specifically, we address the use of biochar as an emerging novel technology that reduces P movement and bioavailability in legacy P soils. We illustrate that properties of biochar can be affected by pyrolysis temperature and by various activating chemical compounds and by-products. Our approach consists of engineering biochars, using an activation process on poultry litter feedstock before pyrolysis to enhance the binding or precipitation of legacy P. Finally, this review article describes previous examples of biochar activation and offers new approaches to the production of biochars with enhanced P sorption capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Cerven
- Water and Plant Research Center, Coastal Plains Soil, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2611 W. Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Jeff M. Novak
- Water and Plant Research Center, Coastal Plains Soil, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2611 W. Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Ariel A. Szögi
- Water and Plant Research Center, Coastal Plains Soil, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2611 W. Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Kenneth Pantuck
- State Assistance & Partnerships Branch Infrastructure and Assistance Section, Water Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Don W. Watts
- Water and Plant Research Center, Coastal Plains Soil, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2611 W. Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Mark G. Johnson
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cai L, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Ji L, Song W, Zhang H, Liu J. Effective Adsorption of Diesel Oil by Crab-Shell-Derived Biochar Nanomaterials. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E236. [PMID: 30641966 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study, for the first time, rendered crab shell activated biochar modified by potassium hydroxide (KOH) impregnation (CSAB), revealing a new potential application in the removal of diesel oil from oily wastewater. The structural characteristics of crab shell biochar (CSB) and CSAB were investigated by SEM, and the crystal structure and optical properties of as-prepared samples were analyzed using XRD and FTIR. Results showed that CSAB had stratified surface structure morphology, abundant functional groups, and that its high specific surface area could reach up to 2441 m2/g, which was about eight times larger than that of untreated CSB (307 m2/g). An adsorption isotherm study indicated that the actual adsorption process both of CSAB and CSB were found to fit better with the Freundlich equation. Moreover, chemical interaction controlled the adsorption kinetics efficiency while the adsorption equilibrium capacity was 93.9 mg/g. Due to its highly developed pore structure, unique surface characteristics, and effective adsorption performance, this low-cost activated carbon had the potential to serve as an efficient adsorbent for water pollution purification.
Collapse
|