1
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Davis GH, Zaya A, Pearce MMP. Impairment of the Glial Phagolysosomal System Drives Prion-Like Propagation in a Drosophila Model of Huntington's Disease. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1256232024. [PMID: 38589228 PMCID: PMC11097281 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1256-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding, aggregation, and spread through the brain are primary drivers of neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Phagocytic glia are responsible for regulating the load of pathological proteins in the brain, but emerging evidence suggests that glia may also act as vectors for aggregate spread. Accumulation of protein aggregates could compromise the ability of glia to eliminate toxic materials from the brain by disrupting efficient degradation in the phagolysosomal system. A better understanding of phagocytic glial cell deficiencies in the disease state could help to identify novel therapeutic targets for multiple neurological disorders. Here, we report that mutant huntingtin (mHTT) aggregates impair glial responsiveness to injury and capacity to degrade neuronal debris in male and female adult Drosophila expressing the gene that causes Huntington's disease (HD). mHTT aggregate formation in neurons impairs engulfment and clearance of injured axons and causes accumulation of phagolysosomes in glia. Neuronal mHTT expression induces upregulation of key innate immunity and phagocytic genes, some of which were found to regulate mHTT aggregate burden in the brain. A forward genetic screen revealed Rab10 as a novel component of Draper-dependent phagocytosis that regulates mHTT aggregate transmission from neurons to glia. These data suggest that glial phagocytic defects enable engulfed mHTT aggregates to evade lysosomal degradation and acquire prion-like characteristics. Together, our findings uncover new mechanisms that enhance our understanding of the beneficial and harmful effects of phagocytic glia in HD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham H Davis
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Aprem Zaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Margaret M Panning Pearce
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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2
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Yao Y, Sun X, Zhang Z, Yu H, Yang X, Ding D, Gao X. Azulene-Containing Bis(squaraine) Dyes: Design, Synthesis and Aggregation Behaviors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400474. [PMID: 38456559 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The relationship among chemical structure, physicochemical property and aggregation behavior of organic functional material is an important research topic. Here, we designed and synthesized three bis(squaraine) dyes BSQ1, BSQ2 and BSQ3 through the combination of two kinds of unsymmetrical azulenyl squaraine monomers. Their physicochemical properties were investigated in both molecular and aggregate states. Generally, BSQ1 displayed different assembly behaviors from BSQ2 and BSQ3. Upon fabrication into nanoparticles, BSQ1 tend to form J-aggregates while BSQ2 and BSQ3 tend to form H-aggregates in aqueous medium. When in the form of thin films, three bis(squaraine) dyes all adopted J-aggregation packing modes while only BSQ1 presented the most significant rearrangement of aggregate structures as well as the improvement in the carrier mobilities upon thermal annealing. Our research highlights the discrepancy of aggregation behaviors originating from the molecular structure and surrounding circumstances, providing guidance for the molecular design and functional applications of squaraines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Sun
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zuyuan Zhang
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Haoyun Yu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xike Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
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Thiery V, Chedrewih M, Rollinson G, Ramos V, Andersen J. Slags from roasting of antimony ore in the Brioude-Massiac (France) area used as aggregates: An early example of circular economy. J Microsc 2024; 294:75-83. [PMID: 37742319 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Towards the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century, France was the world's largest producer of antimony, especially due to the rich deposits in the Brioude-Massiac area. Even though all the mining and smelting activities are long gone, there are still some remains of those activities. The most original of those is the use of roasting slags as aggregates in former plant walls or industrial building. They are macroscopically characterised by a black or red colour with a vesicular aspect similar to natural pozzolanas. Common petrography and mineralogy tools have been used to characterise those slags: optical mineralogy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To gain an insight into their mineral complexity, a QEMSCAN map has been produced. The mineralogy is typical of high-temperature slags: cristobalite, quartz, mullite, fayalite-forsterite series and spinel. The antimony content is quite high, up to seven percent, under the form of various antimony oxides and native antimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Thiery
- Centre for Materials and Processes, IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Migueli Chedrewih
- Centre for Materials and Processes, IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gavyn Rollinson
- Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Violeta Ramos
- Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Jens Andersen
- Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
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Husain SF, Abbas MS, Wang H, Qamhia IIA, Tutumluer E, Wallace J, Hammond M. A Laboratory-Scale Evaluation of Smart Pebble Sensors Embedded in Geomaterials. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2733. [PMID: 38732840 PMCID: PMC11086231 DOI: 10.3390/s24092733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel approach to measure deformations in geomaterials using the recently developed 'Smart Pebble' sensors. Smart Pebbles were included in triaxial test specimens of unbound aggregates stabilized with geogrids. The sensors are equipped with an aggregate particle/position tracking algorithm that can manage uncertainty arising due to signal noise and random walk effects. Two Smart Pebbles were placed in each test specimen, one at specimen's mid-height, where a geogrid was installed in the mechanically stabilized specimen, and one towards the top of the specimen. Even with simple raw data processing, the trends on linear vertical acceleration indicated the ability of Smart Pebbles to assess the geomaterial configuration and applied stress states. Employing a Kalman filter-based algorithm, the Smart Pebble position coordinates were tracked during testing. The specimen's resilient deformations were simultaneously recorded. bender element shear wave transducer pairs were also installed on the specimens to further validate the Smart Pebble small-strain responses. The results indicate a close agreement between the BE sensors and Smart Pebbles estimates towards local stiffness enhancement quantification in the geogrid specimen. The study findings confirm the viability of using the Smart Pebbles in describing the resilient behavior of an aggregate material under repeated loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faizan Husain
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.S.A.); (H.W.); (I.I.A.Q.); (E.T.)
| | - Mohammad Shoaib Abbas
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.S.A.); (H.W.); (I.I.A.Q.); (E.T.)
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.S.A.); (H.W.); (I.I.A.Q.); (E.T.)
| | - Issam I. A. Qamhia
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.S.A.); (H.W.); (I.I.A.Q.); (E.T.)
| | - Erol Tutumluer
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.S.A.); (H.W.); (I.I.A.Q.); (E.T.)
| | - John Wallace
- Tensar International Corporation, Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA; (J.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Matthew Hammond
- Tensar International Corporation, Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA; (J.W.); (M.H.)
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Luo X, Kong J, Xiao H, Sang D, He K, Zhou M, Liu J. Noncovalent Interaction Guided Precise Photoluminescence Regulation of Gold Nanoclusters in Both Isolate Species and Aggregate States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404129. [PMID: 38651974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Designing luminophores bright in both isolate species and aggregate states is of great importance in many emerging cutting-edge applications. However, the conventional luminophores either emit in isolate species but quench in aggregate state or emit in aggregate state but darken in isolate species. Here we demonstrate that the precise regulation of noncovalent interactions can realize luminophores bright in both isolate species and aggregate states. It is firstly discovered that the intra-cluster interaction enhances the emission of atomically precise Au25(pMBA)18 (pMBA = 4-mercaptobenzoic acid), a nanoscale luminophore, while the inter-cluster interaction quenches the emission. The emission enhancing strategies are then well-designed by both introducing exogenous substances to block inter-cluster interaction and surface manipulation of Au25(pMBA)18 at the molecular level to enhance intra-cluster interaction, opening new possibilities to controllably enhance the luminophore's photoluminescence in both isolate species and aggregate states in different phases including aqueous solution, solid state and organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Luo
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 510640, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Jie Kong
- University of Science and Technology of China, Department of Chemical Physics, CHINA
| | - Hang Xiao
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Dongmiao Sang
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 510640, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Kui He
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 510640, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Meng Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Department of Chemical Physics, CHINA
| | - Jinbin Liu
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 381 Wushan Road Tianhe District, 510641, Guangzhou, CHINA
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6
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Li W, Pucka AQ, Debats C, Reyes BA, Syed F, O’Brien AR, Mehta R, Manchanda N, Jacob SA, Hardesty BM, Greist A, Harte SE, Harris RE, Yu Q, Wang Y. Inflammation and autoimmunity are interrelated in patients with sickle cell disease at a steady-state condition: implications for vaso-occlusive crisis, pain, and sensory sensitivity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1288187. [PMID: 38361924 PMCID: PMC10867278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1288187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively analyze inflammatory and autoimmune characteristics of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) at a steady-state condition (StSt) compared to healthy controls (HCs) to explore the pathogenesis of StSt and its impact on patients' well-being. The study cohort consisted of 40 StSt participants and 23 HCs enrolled between July 2021 and April 2023. StSt participants showed elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts and altered hematological measurements when compared to HCs. A multiplex immunoassay was used to profile 80 inflammatory cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in plasma samples from these SCD participants and HCs. Significantly higher plasma levels of 35 analytes were observed in SCD participants, with HGF, IL-18, IP-10, and MCP-2 being among the most significantly affected analytes. Additionally, autoantibody profiles were also altered, with elevated levels of anti-SSA/Ro60, anti-Ribosomal P, anti-Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and anti-PM/Scl-100 observed in SCD participants. Flow cytometric analysis revealed higher rates of red blood cell (RBC)/reticulocyte-leukocyte aggregation in SCD participants, predominantly involving monocytes. Notably, correlation analysis identified associations between inflammatory mediator levels, autoantibodies, RBC/reticulocyte-leukocyte aggregation, clinical lab test results, and pain crisis/sensitivity, shedding light on the intricate interactions between these factors. The findings underscore the potential significance of specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may hold promise for future investigations and clinical interventions tailored to the unique challenges posed by SCD. In addition, the correlations between vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC)/pain/sensory sensitivity and inflammation/immune dysregulation offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of SCD and may lead to more targeted and effective therapeutic strategies. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT05045820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrew Q. Pucka
- Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Candice Debats
- Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brandon A. Reyes
- Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Fahim Syed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrew R.W. O’Brien
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Rakesh Mehta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Naveen Manchanda
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Seethal A. Jacob
- Children’s Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Anne Greist
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Steven E. Harte
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Richard E. Harris
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Qigui Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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7
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Mita H, Hattori S, Sasaki T, Takamizawa S, Shinozaki K. Assembling of a Water-Soluble N^C^N-Coordinated Pt(II) Complex Aggregate Assisted by Carbon Dioxide in Basic Aqueous Solution. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202301174. [PMID: 37789638 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
We report an unprecedented result of self-aggregation of [Pt(L1 )Cl] (HL1 =1,3-di(5-carboxy-2-pyridyl)benzene) triggered by CO2 in basic aqueous solution. The color of basic aqueous solution containing [Pt(L1 )Cl] changes from yellow to blue-green during the aggregation resulted from a reaction with CO2 in air. Upon CO2 gas bubbling, strong and broad absorption bands of aggregate assigned to the metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transition appeared at 701 and 1152 nm. Recrystallization of [Pt(L1 )Cl] from Na2 CO3 aqueous solution afforded polymorphic crystals of red and blue-green forms. A single X-ray crystallography revealed that the red form of crystal consists of a Pt-Pt stacked dimer bridged by CO3 2- ion and one of the carboxy groups of L1 is deprotonated. An elemental analysis provided evidence that the blue-green crystal is constructed by linear array consisting of the [Pt(L2 )(CO3 )]3- (HL2 =1,3-di(5-carboxylate-2-pyridyl)benzene) units. The formation process of blue-green aggregate in aqueous solution was monitored through a transient absorption spectrum, and the absorption of aggregates involved in the spectral change were examined by a global analysis. A singular value decomposition and kinetic analysis provide that there are four species resulted from the self-assembling reaction in the solution and the maximal degree of aggregation is at least 32-mer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mita
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Shingo Hattori
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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van Loo B, Schot M, Gurian M, Kamperman T, Leijten J. Single-Step Biofabrication of In Situ Spheroid-Forming Compartmentalized Hydrogel for Clinical-Sized Cartilage Tissue Formation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2300095. [PMID: 37793116 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
3D cellular spheroids offer more biomimetic microenvironments than conventional 2D cell culture technologies, which has proven value for many tissue engineering applications. Despite beneficiary effects of 3D cell culture, clinical translation of spheroid tissue engineering is challenged by limited scalability of current spheroid formation methods. Although recent adoption of droplet microfluidics can provide a continuous production process, use of oils and surfactants, generally low throughput, and requirement of additional biofabrication steps hinder clinical translation of spheroid culture. Here, the use of clean (e.g., oil-free and surfactant-free), ultra-high throughput (e.g., 8.5 mL min-1 , 10 000 spheroids s-1 ), single-step, in-air microfluidic biofabrication of spheroid forming compartmentalized hydrogels is reported. This novel technique can reliably produce 1D fibers, 2D planes, and 3D volumes compartmentalized hydrogel constructs, which each allows for distinct (an)isotropic orientation of hollow spheroid-forming compartments. Spheroids produced within ink-jet bioprinted compartmentalized hydrogels outperform 2D cell cultures in terms of chondrogenic behavior. Moreover, the cellular spheroids can be harvested from compartmentalized hydrogels and used to build shape-stable centimeter-sized biomaterial-free living tissues in a bottom-up manner. Consequently, it is anticipated that in-air microfluidic production of spheroid-forming compartmentalized hydrogels can advance production and use of cellular spheroids for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Loo
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Maik Schot
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Melvin Gurian
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Kamperman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
- IamFluidics B.V., De Veldmaat 17, Enschede, 7522 NM, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
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9
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Tsukamoto K, Hamamoto R, Oguri R, Miura A, Iwasaki T, Sukegawa T. Size-based analysis of virus removal filter fouling using fractionated protein aggregates. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3391. [PMID: 37733879 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Fouling by protein aggregates reduces virus removal filter performance. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different-sized protein aggregates on fouling and aggregate retention in order to better understand the fouling mechanisms. Human immunoglobulin G was denatured by heating to produce aggregates of various sizes and then fractionated by size exclusion chromatography into different-sized aggregates with a narrow size distribution. The fractionated aggregates were filtered on Planova 20N, a virus removal filter known for its stable filtration capability. Analysis of flux behavior demonstrated different flux decrease patterns for different-sized aggregates. Observation of aggregate retention by staining revealed that larger aggregates were captured closer to the inner surface of the membrane while smaller aggregates penetrated farther into the membrane. These findings demonstrate that Planova 20N has a gradient structure with decreasing pore size from the inner to the outer surface of the membrane. This structure minimizes fouling and enables stable filtration by protecting the smaller pores located closer to the outer surface from clogging by large aggregates. Applying the predominant clogging models to the present filtrations revealed that clogging behavior transitioned from complete blocking to cake filtration as filtration progressed. In this combination model, after a certain number of pores are blocked by complete blocking, newly arrived aggregates begin to accumulate on previously captured aggregates, generating cake between capture layers within the membrane. Application of the approaches described here will facilitate elucidation of membrane fouling and virus removal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tsukamoto
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamamoto
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryota Oguri
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Aki Miura
- Bioprocess Technology Development Department, Asahi Kasei Medical MT Corp., Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takuma Iwasaki
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sukegawa
- Technology Development Department, Bioprocess Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Miyazaki, Japan
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10
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Yang J, Yi X, Chen H, Wong YD, Fan Y, Huang W. Homogeneity Enhancement of Mixtures Containing Epoxy Polymer and 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4261. [PMID: 37959941 PMCID: PMC10647388 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) could reduce the cost of pavements containing epoxy polymer (EP) materials. This study was aimed at improving the homogeneity of an EP-reclaimed asphalt mixtures (ERAMs) at both the micro- and meso-scale to provide a reference for an ERAM production process. At the microscale, nanoindentation tests were conducted to characterize the diffusion between the EP and aged asphalt mastic. At the mesoscale, computerized tomography (CT) X-ray scanning and MATLAB analysis were employed to investigate the distribution of the aggregate within the ERAM. The results revealed that mixing temperature played a significant role in the diffusion and distribution between the EP and the aged asphalt mastic, thus impacting the mechanical properties of the material. Heating at 180 °C (the recommended mixing temperature of EP) resulted in a wider blending zone between the EP and the aged asphalt mastic compared to heating at 160 °C (the usual mixing temperature of ordinary reclaimed asphalt mixtures). The overall dispersion of the aggregate in the ERAM exhibited greater homogeneity in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction. Adjusting the gradation of the RAP was found to be effective in reducing horizontal variability in the distribution of the coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and air voids in the ERAM. Adjusting the RAP gradation further enhanced the vertical homogeneity in the distribution of the fine aggregate, while its impact on the vertical distribution of the coarse aggregate was minimal. Short-term aging led to increased variability in the distribution of the coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and air voids within the ERAM. However, adjusting the gradation was effective in mitigating the adverse effects of short-term aging on both horizontal and vertical homogeneity in the aggregate distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Xingyu Yi
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Huimin Chen
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Yiik Diew Wong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Yulou Fan
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.F.); (W.H.)
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Chen T, Cheng RM, Shen YF, Xiao WF, Wang LJ, Sun PF, Zhang M, Li J. [Effects of nitrogen addition on acidolyzable organic nitrogen components and nitrogen mineralization in aggregates of Pinus massoniana plantations in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:2601-2609. [PMID: 37897266 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
We sieved soils from a Pinus massoniana plantation in the Three Gorges Reservoir area into four aggregate sizes, including aggregates of 2000-8000 μm (large macroaggregates), 1000-2000 μm (coarse aggregates), 250-1000 μm (small macroaggregates), and <250 μm (microaggregates). We analyzed the differences in the acidolyzable organic N components and net N mineralization of the aggregates under different N addition levels (30, 60, and 90 kg N·hm-2·a-1, representing by N30, N60 and N90, respectively). The results showed that net nitrification rate of the aggregates ranged from 0.30-3.42 mg N·kg-1 and accounted for more than 80% of net nitrogen mineralization. Compared with the control, addition of 30, 60, and 90 kg N·hm-2·a-1 increased total N by 24.1%-45.5%, 6.4%-34.3%, and 7.9%-42.4% in the large aggregates, coarse aggregate, small macroaggregates, and microaggregates, increased net N mineralization rate by 1.3-7.2, 1.4-6.6, and 1.8-12.9 times, but decreased the contents of available phosphorus by 9.3%-36.9%, 12.2%-56.7%, and 19.2%-61.9%, respectively. The contents of total acidolyzable N, soil organic matter, and rates of net ammonification, net nitrification, and net N mineralization increased as the aggregate size decreased, while available phosphorus contents showed an opposite trend. The levels of acid-hydrolyzable N components were ranked as acidolyzable amino acid N > acidolyzable ammonia N > acidolyzable unknown N> acidolyzable amino sugar N. Total N was the dominant contributor to the increases in acid-hydrolyzable N components. Results of stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that acidoly-zable amino acid N and acidolyzable amino sugar N were predictors of net ammonification rate. Acidolyzable amino sugar N, acidolyzable amino acid N, and acidolyzable ammonia N were predictors of net nitrification, net nitrogen mineralization rate, and net nitrogen mineralization accumulation. The physical structure of aggregates was associa-ted with soil net N mineralization. Addition of N increased the contents and bioavailability of acidolyzable organic N, a large amount of which contributed to soil organic matter levels and the decrease in available phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Rui-Mei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ya-Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen-Fa Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Peng-Fei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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12
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O’Connor TN, Zhao N, Orciuoli HM, Brasile A, Pietrangelo L, He M, Groom L, Leigh J, Mahamed Z, Liang C, Malik S, Protasi F, Dirksen RT. Voluntary wheel running mitigates disease in an Orai1 gain-of-function mouse model of tubular aggregate myopathy. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.29.559036. [PMID: 37808709 PMCID: PMC10557777 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.559036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) is an inherited skeletal muscle disease associated with progressive muscle weakness, cramps, and myalgia. Tubular aggregates (TAs) are regular arrays of highly ordered and densely packed SR straight-tubes in muscle biopsies; the extensive presence of TAs represent a key histopathological hallmark of this disease in TAM patients. TAM is caused by gain-of-function mutations in proteins that coordinate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE): STIM1 Ca2+ sensor proteins in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Ca2+-permeable ORAI1 channels in the surface membrane. We have previously shown that voluntary wheel running (VWR) prevents formation of TAs in aging mice. Here, we assessed the therapeutic potential of endurance exercise (in the form of VWR) in mitigating the functional and structural alterations in a knock-in mouse model of TAM (Orai1G100S/+ or GS mice) based on a gain-of-function mutation in the ORAI1 pore. WT and GS mice were singly-housed for six months (from two to eight months of age) with either free-spinning or locked low profile wheels. Six months of VWR exercise significantly increased soleus peak tetanic specific force production, normalized FDB fiber Ca2+ store content, and markedly reduced TAs in EDL muscle from GS mice. Six months of VWR exercise normalized the expression of mitochondrial proteins found to be altered in soleus muscle of sedentary GS mice in conjunction with a signature of increased protein translation and biosynthetic processes. Parallel proteomic analyses of EDL muscles from sedentary WT and GS mice revealed changes in a tight network of pathways involved in formation of supramolecular complexes, which were also normalized following six months of VWR. In summary, sustained voluntary endurance exercise improved slow twitch muscle function, reduced the presence of TAs in fast twitch muscle, and normalized the muscle proteome of GS mice consistent with protective adaptions in proteostasis, mitochondrial structure/function, and formation of supramolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N. O’Connor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Haley M. Orciuoli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Biological Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alice Brasile
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology & DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology & DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Linda Groom
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Leigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zahra Mahamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sundeep Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology & DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Robert T. Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Perry EK, Tan MW. Bacterial biofilms in the human body: prevalence and impacts on health and disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1237164. [PMID: 37712058 PMCID: PMC10499362 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1237164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can be found in most environments on our planet, and the human body is no exception. Consisting of microbial cells encased in a matrix of extracellular polymers, biofilms enable bacteria to sequester themselves in favorable niches, while also increasing their ability to resist numerous stresses and survive under hostile circumstances. In recent decades, biofilms have increasingly been recognized as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic infections. However, biofilms also occur in or on certain tissues in healthy individuals, and their constituent species are not restricted to canonical pathogens. In this review, we discuss the evidence for where, when, and what types of biofilms occur in the human body, as well as the diverse ways in which they can impact host health under homeostatic and dysbiotic states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
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14
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Epure C, Munteanu C, Istrate B, Harja M, Buium F. Applications of Recycled and Crushed Glass (RCG) as a Substitute for Natural Materials in Various Fields-A Review. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5957. [PMID: 37687650 PMCID: PMC10488657 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Glass is a substance that is present in most houses since glass-based items are made and consumed in relatively high quantities. This has led to the buildup of glass in concerning quantities all over the world, which is a problem for the environment. It is well known that glass has several advantageous physiochemical features that qualify it as an appropriate material for use in the construction industry as an aggregate. The features include being non-biodegradable, resistant to chemical assault, having low water absorption, having high hydraulic conductivity, having temperature-dependent ductility, having alterable particle gradation, and having a wide availability in a variety of forms and chemical compositions. Because of these qualities, glass has been used in various investigations and field tests conducted in civil engineering to evaluate its effectiveness as an engineering aggregate and to develop environmentally friendly management strategies for waste glass. These studies and research have utilized glass in various forms, such as fine recycled glass, medium recycled glass, coarse recycled glass, powdered glass, and glass-based geopolymers. This study focuses on research studies that present results on physicochemical, mechanical, and durability characteristics. These studies and research contain samples of pure glass or glass as replacement percentages in materials (0-100%), including but not limited to unbound granular materials (such as recycled concrete aggregates and crushed rock). In light of the information assembled in this review article, it is legitimate to claim that glass has strong promise as a material in various civil applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Epure
- Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics Department, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.E.); (B.I.)
| | - Corneliu Munteanu
- Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics Department, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.E.); (B.I.)
- Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, 26 Dacia Blvd., 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Istrate
- Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics Department, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.E.); (B.I.)
| | - Maria Harja
- Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florentin Buium
- Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics Department, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.E.); (B.I.)
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15
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Niță A, Laudacescu E, Petrescu MG, Dumitru T, Burlacu A, Bădoiu DG, Tănase M. Experimental Research Regarding the Effect of Mineral Aggregates on the Wear of Mixing Blades of Concrete Mixers. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5047. [PMID: 37512320 PMCID: PMC10386086 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Industrial mixers are equipment used to mechanically combine different types of materials in order to obtain homogeneous mixtures. In concrete industry production, mixers play a crucial role by facilitating the efficient and consistent blending of various constituents to create high-quality concrete. Because the mixers in the concrete industry work in conditions characterized by abrasive and erosive loadings, the authors of this paper tried to establish a dependence between the quality of the material from which the mixing elements are made and their wear resistance. Three types of cast irons alloyed with chromium, specific to the construction of mixing blades, were used in this research. The working environment was a mixture of crushed mineral aggregates corresponding to the granulometric class 4-8 mm. The tests were carried out on an experimental stand designed and built by the authors of this paper. The stand reproduces on a scale of 1:2 a drum made up of a double-axis horizontal mixer. The stand had the possibility to change the value of the attack angle of the mixing blades, corresponding to the following values: 30, 45, and 60 degrees. The results of the tests established the dependence between the type of material and the wear rate of the blades as well as the influence exerted by the angle of attack on the wear of the mixing blades. It was shown that when the inclination angle of the blade relative to the shaft axis increases, the cumulative mass loss decreases, with values between 43% and 55.83%, as a function of the quality of blade material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Niță
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, 100680 Ploiești, Romania
| | - Eugen Laudacescu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, 100680 Ploiești, Romania
| | - Marius Gabriel Petrescu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, 100680 Ploiești, Romania
| | - Teodor Dumitru
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, 100680 Ploiești, Romania
| | - Andrei Burlacu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, 100680 Ploiești, Romania
| | - Dorin George Bădoiu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, 100680 Ploiești, Romania
| | - Maria Tănase
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, 100680 Ploiești, Romania
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16
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Gméling K, Szilágyi V, Harsányi I, Szentmiklósi L. Hungarian Fine-to-Coarse Aggregate, a Possible Constituent of Near-Vessel Structural Concrete of Nuclear Power Plants. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093520. [PMID: 37176402 PMCID: PMC10179888 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Significant gravel mines, representative of four regions of Hungary (northeast, central, northwest, and southwest) were systematically sampled to characterize their sand and pebbles as potential constituents of nuclear-grade concrete. The samples were analysed for their elemental compositions as a function of the mining locality and grain size, using two complementary neutron-based analytical techniques, prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). The combined analysis resulted in reliable mass fractions for over thirty elements that could be used to assess the radiation shielding and activation properties of the resulting concrete, essential in nuclear applications, by means of computer simulations. The studied aggregates are proven to be appropriate constituents for biological shielding at radiological centres, NPPs, and at nuclear research installations, even in mixed neutron/gamma radiation fields. The elemental compositions also revealed geochemical differences between the sedimentologically different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Gméling
- Nuclear Analysis and Radiography Department, Centre for Energy Research, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Szilágyi
- Nuclear Analysis and Radiography Department, Centre for Energy Research, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Harsányi
- Nuclear Analysis and Radiography Department, Centre for Energy Research, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Szentmiklósi
- Nuclear Analysis and Radiography Department, Centre for Energy Research, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Ni HJ, Chu HY, Su WH, Fan SH. Effects of management intensities on soil aggregate stability and carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus distribution in Phyllostachys edulis forests. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:928-936. [PMID: 37078310 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202304.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Soil aggregates are the main sites for the decomposition of soil organic matter and the formation of humus. The composition characteristics of aggregates with different particle sizes are one of the indicators for soil fertility. We explored the effects of management intensity (frequency of fertilization and reclamation) on soil aggregates in moso bamboo forests, including mid-intensity management (T1, fertilization and reclamation every 4 years), high-intensity management (T2, fertilization and reclamation every 2 years), and extensive management (CK). The water-stable soil aggregates (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm layers) from moso bamboo forest were separated by a combination of dry and wet sieving method and the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available phosphorus (AP) across different soil layers were determined. The results showed that management intensities had significant effects on soil aggregate composition and stability, and SOC, TN, AP distribution of moso bamboo forests. Compared with CK, T1 and T2 decreased the proportion and stability of macroaggregates in 0-10 cm soil layer, but increased that in 20-30 cm soil layer, while reduced the content of organic carbon in macroaggregates, the contents of organic carbon, TN and AP in microaggregates. Such results indicated that the intensified management was not conducive to formation of macroaggregates in 0-10 cm soil layer and carbon sequestration in macroaggregates. It was beneficial to the accumulation of organic carbon in soil aggregates and nitrogen and phosphorus in microaggregates with lower human disturbance. Mass fraction of macroaggregates and organic carbon content of macroaggregates was significantly positively correlated with aggregate stability, which best explained the variations of aggregate stability. Therefore, macroaggregates and organic carbon content of macroaggregates were the most important factors affecting the formation and stability of aggregates. Appropriate reduction of disturbance was beneficial to the accumulation of macroaggregates in the topsoil, the sequestration of organic carbon by macro-aggregates, and the sequestration of TN and AP by microaggregates, and improving soil quality and sustainable management in moso bamboo forest from the point of view of soil aggregate stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jing Ni
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Research of Zhejiang Province/Northwest Zhejiang Bamboo Forest Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, Chin
| | - Hao-Yu Chu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
- National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Bamboo Forest Ecosystem in Southern Yunnan Province, Cangyuan 677400, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Hui Su
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
- National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Bamboo Forest Ecosystem in Southern Yunnan Province, Cangyuan 677400, Yunnan, China
| | - Shao-Hui Fan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
- National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Bamboo Forest Ecosystem in Southern Yunnan Province, Cangyuan 677400, Yunnan, China
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18
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Simon CB, Hicks GE, Pieper CF, Kraus VB, Keefe FJ, Colón-Emeric C. A Novel Movement-Evoked Pain Provocation Test for Older Adults With Persistent Low Back Pain: Safety, Feasibility, and Associations With Self-reported Physical Function and Usual Gait Speed. Clin J Pain 2023; 39:166-174. [PMID: 36943160 PMCID: PMC10034602 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent and disabling for older adults. Movement-evoked pain is an emerging measure that may help to predict disability; but is not currently a part of geriatric LBP clinical care. This study tested the safety and feasibility of a new Movement-Evoked Provocation Test for Low Back Pain in Older Adults (MEPLO). We also compared associations between movement-evoked pain via 2 different scoring methods and disability-associated outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine older adults with persistent LBP provided baseline recalled and resting pain ratings, self-reported physical function, and usual gait speed. Participants then completed MEPLO, involving 4 tasks essential for functional independence: chair rises, trunk rotation, reaching, and walking. Movement-evoked pain was then quantified using the traditional change score (delta) method of pain premovement to postmovement; and also, a new aggregate method that combines pain ratings after the 4 tasks. RESULTS No safety or feasibility issues were identified. Compared with the delta score, the aggregate score was more strongly associated with self-reported physical function (beta: -0.495 vs. -0.090) and usual gait speed (beta: -0.450 vs. -0.053). Similarly, the aggregate score was more strongly associated with self-reported physical function than recalled and resting pain (beta: -0.470, -0.283, and 0.136, respectively). DISCUSSION This study shows the safety and feasibility of testing movement-evoked pain in older adults with persistent LBP, and its potential superiority to traditional pain measures. Future studies must validate these findings and test the extent to which MEPLO is implementable to change with geriatric LBP standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey B. Simon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Gregory E. Hicks
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Carl F. Pieper
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Francis J. Keefe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Cathleen Colón-Emeric
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Durham VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC
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19
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Kohler V, Andréasson C. Reversible protein assemblies in the proteostasis network in health and disease. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1155521. [PMID: 37021114 PMCID: PMC10067754 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1155521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While proteins populating their native conformations constitute the functional entities of cells, protein aggregates are traditionally associated with cellular dysfunction, stress and disease. During recent years, it has become clear that large aggregate-like protein condensates formed via liquid-liquid phase separation age into more solid aggregate-like particles that harbor misfolded proteins and are decorated by protein quality control factors. The constituent proteins of the condensates/aggregates are disentangled by protein disaggregation systems mainly based on Hsp70 and AAA ATPase Hsp100 chaperones prior to their handover to refolding and degradation systems. Here, we discuss the functional roles that condensate formation/aggregation and disaggregation play in protein quality control to maintain proteostasis and why it matters for understanding health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kohler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Claes Andréasson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Pavlů T, Pešta J, Vlach T, Fořtová K. Environmental Impact of Concrete Slab Made of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Based on Limit States of Load-Bearing Capacity and Serviceability-LCA Case Study. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:616. [PMID: 36676352 PMCID: PMC9863802 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the case of concrete sustainability, two main ways are generally discussed: (1) the reduction of natural raw materials and (2) the reduction of emissions related to concrete production. Following the second point, there have not yet been reported clear results. This problem is not given enough attention in present publications. This study brings a general view of this issue and a basic comparison with common concrete and traditional reinforcement. This case study deals with the life cycle analysis of a concrete slab made of recycled aggregate concrete with a fine recycled aggregate. The concrete slab was designed according to the limit states of load-bearing capacity and serviceability, which is based on the experimental verification of recycled aggregate concrete properties. Two different reinforcements are compared: (1) ordinary reinforcement by steel bars and (2) glass fibers. Furthermore, scenarios vary due to the slab thickness and reinforcement percentage. The results show the positive environmental impact of replacing natural sand with a fine recycled aggregate. The reduction of climate change potential can be almost 40% in some cases.
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Campolo A, Pifer R, Walters R, Thomas M, Miller E, Harris V, King J, Rice CA, Shannon P, Patterson B, Crary M. Acanthamoeba spp. aggregate and encyst on contact lens material increasing resistance to disinfection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1089092. [PMID: 36601401 PMCID: PMC9806144 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1089092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acanthamoeba keratitis is often caused when Acanthamoeba contaminate contact lenses and infect the cornea. Acanthamoeba is pervasive in the environment as a motile, foraging trophozoite or biocide-resistant and persistent cyst. As contact lens contamination is a potential first step in infection, we studied Acanthamoeba's behavior and interactions on different contact lens materials. We hypothesized that contact lenses may induce aggregation, which is a precursor to encystment, and that aggregated encystment would be more difficult to disinfect than motile trophozoites. Methods Six clinically and/or scientifically relevant strains of Acanthamoeba (ATCC 30010, ATCC 30461, ATCC 50370, ATCC 50702, ATCC 50703, and ATCC PRA-115) were investigated on seven different common silicone hydrogel contact lenses, and a no-lens control, for aggregation and encystment for 72 h. Cell count and size were used to determine aggregation, and fluorescent staining was used to understand encystment. RNA seq was performed to describe the genome of Acanthamoeba which was individually motile or aggregated on different lens materials. Disinfection efficacy using three common multi-purpose solutions was calculated to describe the potential disinfection resistance of trophozoites, individual cysts, or spheroids. Results Acanthamoeba trophozoites of all strains examined demonstrated significantly more aggregation on specific contact lens materials than others, or the no-lens control. Fluorescent staining demonstrated encystment in as little as 4 hours on contact lens materials, which is substantially faster than previously reported in natural or laboratory settings. Gene expression profiles corroborated encystment, with significantly differentially expressed pathways involving actin arrangement and membrane complexes. High disinfection resistance of cysts and spheroids with multi-purpose solutions was observed. Discussion Aggregation/encystment is a protective mechanism which may enable Acanthamoeba to be more disinfection resistant than individual trophozoites. This study demonstrates that some contact lens materials promote Acanthamoeba aggregation and encystment, and Acanthamoeba spheroids obstruct multi-purpose solutions from disinfecting Acanthamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reed Pifer
- Alcon Research, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | | | - Megan Thomas
- Alcon Research, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Elise Miller
- Alcon Research, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | | | - Jamie King
- Alcon Research, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Christopher A. Rice
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery (PIDD), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease (PI4D), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Paul Shannon
- Alcon Research, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | | | - Monica Crary
- Alcon Research, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Monica Crary,
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Won SJ, Fong R, Butler N, Sanchez J, Zhang Y, Wong C, Tambou Nzoutchoum O, Huynh A, Pan J, Swanson RA. Neuronal Oxidative Stress Promotes α-Synuclein Aggregation In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36552674 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genetic and environmental factors increase risk for Parkinson's disease. Many of the known genetic factors influence α-synuclein aggregation or degradation, whereas most of the identified environmental factors produce oxidative stress. Studies using in vitro approaches have identified mechanisms by which oxidative stress can accelerate the formation of α-synuclein aggregates, but there is a paucity of evidence supporting the importance of these processes over extended time periods in brain. To assess this issue, we evaluated α-synuclein aggregates in brains of three transgenic mouse strains: hSyn mice, which overexpress human α-synuclein in neurons and spontaneously develop α-synuclein aggregates; EAAT3-/- mice, which exhibit a neuron-specific impairment in cysteine uptake and resultant neuron-selective chronic oxidative stress; and double-transgenic hSyn/EAAT3-/- mice. Aggregate formation was evaluated by quantitative immunohistochemistry for phosphoserine 129 α-synuclein and by an α-synuclein proximity ligation assay. Both methods showed that the double transgenic hSyn/EAAT3-/- mice exhibited a significantly higher α-synuclein aggregate density than littermate hSyn mice in each brain region examined. Negligible aggregate formation was observed in the EAAT3-/- mouse strain, suggesting a synergistic rather than additive interaction between the two genotypes. A similar pattern of results was observed in assessments of motor function: the pole test and rotarod test. Together, these observations indicate that chronic, low-grade neuronal oxidative stress promotes α-synuclein aggregate formation in vivo. This process may contribute to the mechanism by which environmentally induced oxidative stress contributes to α-synuclein pathology in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
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Jung UI, Kim BJ. Characteristics of Mortar Containing Oyster Shell as Fine Aggregate. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7301. [PMID: 36295366 PMCID: PMC9608716 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, oyster shells were processed and classified into sizes equal to or smaller than the fine aggregate threshold, and their engineering properties and fire-resistant performance were examined. The differences in heating weight loss of oyster shell aggregate (OSAs) with different particle sizes were examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA results showed indicating that the temperature at which decarboxylation reaction started depended on the OSA particle size. The porosity of mortar specimens was analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The porosity area and porosity of the OSA-containing mortar increased with decreasing particle size. Mortar fire-resistant boards with heated for 2 h in accordance with the heating conditions of KS F 2257-1(methods of fire-resistant testing for structural element-general requirements) to measure their back-side temperature. The board made with OSA2.5 exhibited 273.2 °C, which is more than 90 °C higher than the back-side temperature of the board with OSA 0.6Under. Such difference was attributed to the greater heat transfer delay caused by higher porosity, porosity area, and specific surface area in OSAs with small particle sizes. The TGA results combined with the heating test results suggested that CO2 would be generated at different temperatures in boards containing OSAs with different particle sizes because of the differences in the endothermic reaction temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui-In Jung
- Research Center for Environment Friendly Concrete, Department of Architectural Engineering, Greensmart, KongJu National University, Cheonan 31080, Korea
| | - Bong-Joo Kim
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Greensmart, KongJu National University, Cheonan 31080, Korea
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Guo F, Pei J, Zhang J, Li R, Liu P, Wang D. Study on Adhesion Property and Moisture Effect between SBS Modified Asphalt Binder and Aggregate Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6912. [PMID: 36234252 PMCID: PMC9573178 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this project, the adhesion property and moisture effect between styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt binder and aggregate were studied to reveal their interface adhesion mechanism. The influence of SBS contents on adhesion property and moisture effect between binder and aggregate phases were investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. Moreover, the double-layer adhesion models of asphalt binder-aggregate and triple-layer debonding models of asphalt binder-water-aggregate were constructed and equilibrated, and the adhesion property and the moisture effect were evaluated numerically. The results indicate that the built SBS-modified asphalt binder models show favorable reliability in representing the real one. The variation in the work of adhesion for SBS modified asphalt binder-quartz is not remarkable with the SBS content when its content is relatively low. However, the work of adhesion decreased significantly when the content was higher than 6 wt.%, which is consistent with the experimental results. The adhesion between SBS-modified asphalt binder and quartz is derived from Van der Waals energy. The modified asphalt binder with a high SBS modifier content (8 wt.% and 10 wt.%) shows much better moisture resistance (nearly 30% improved) than the unmodified asphalt binder from the work of debonding results. According to the Energy Ratio (ER) values, asphalt binders with high SBS content (8 wt.% and 10 wt.%) present a good moisture resistance performance. Therefore, the SBS content should be seriously selected by considering the dry and wet conditions that are used to balance the adhesion property and debonding properties. The content of 4 wt.% may be the optimal content under the dry adhesion and moisture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Jianzhong Pei
- Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Jiupeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Institute of Highway Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Str. 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Rakentajanaukio 4, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Hangzhou Telujie Transportation Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311121, China
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Usoltsev S, Shagurin A, Marfin Y. Semi-Empirical Calculation of Bodipy Aggregate Spectroscopic Properties through Direct Sampling of Configurational Ensembles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810955. [PMID: 36142865 PMCID: PMC9502801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient prediction of the aggregation-induced callback of organic chromophores for utilization in molecular sensorics is a desirable development goal in modern computational chemistry. Dye aggregates are complicated to study when utilizing conventional quantum chemistry approaches, since they are usually composed of too many atoms to be effectively analyzed, even with high-throughput parallel systems. Here, we present a successful attempt to develop a protocol to assess the spectroscopic changes happening in BODIPY dyes upon aggregation from the first principles utilizing extended tight-binding (XTB) and Zerner's intermediate neglect of differential overlap (ZINDO) Hamiltonians. The developed sampling technique for aggregate configurational space scanning was found to be sufficient to both reproduce peculiarities and justify experimental data on the spectroscopic behavior of chromophore aggregates. The sTDA, sTD-DFT (GFN2-XTB) and CIS (ZINDO) approaches were assessed, and then sources of errors and benefits were outlined. Importantly, our goal was to keep any of the mentioned calculations within a computational cost feasible for a single workstation, whereas scaling was possible at any point in time. Finally, several aggregate structures were investigated in the external field to try to achieve distributions similar to the ones observed in the electrostatic potential of the air-water interface to assess the borderlines of practical applicability of the suggested scheme.
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Ahmad J, Zhou Z, Majdi A, Alqurashi M, Deifalla AF. Overview of Concrete Performance Made with Waste Rubber Tires: A Step toward Sustainable Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5518. [PMID: 36013653 PMCID: PMC9410276 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing scrap tire rubber by incorporating it into concrete is a valuable option. Many researchers are interested in using rubber tire waste in concrete. The possible uses of rubber tires in concrete, however, are dispersed and unclear. Therefore, a compressive analysis is necessary to identify the benefits and drawbacks of rubber tires for concrete performance. For examination, the important areas of concrete freshness, durability, and strength properties were considered. Additionally, several treatments and a microstructure investigation were included. Although it has much promise, there are certain obstacles that prevent it from being used as an aggregate in large numbers, such as the rubber's weak structural strength and poor binding performance with the cement matrix. Rubber, however, exhibits mechanical strength comparable to reference concrete up to 20%. The evaluation also emphasizes the need for new research to advance rubberized concrete for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ahmad
- Department of Disaster Mitigation for Structures, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Disaster Mitigation for Structures, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ali Majdi
- Department of Building and Construction Technologies and Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Iraq
| | - Muwaffaq Alqurashi
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Farouk Deifalla
- Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt
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Lopez-Font I, Lennol MP, Iborra-Lazaro G, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Sáez-Valero J. Altered Balance of Reelin Proteolytic Fragments in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7522. [PMID: 35886870 PMCID: PMC9318932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reelin binds to the apolipoprotein E receptor apoER2 to activate an intracellular signaling cascade. The proteolytic cleavage of reelin follows receptor binding but can also occur independently of its binding to receptors. This study assesses whether reelin proteolytic fragments are differentially affected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects. CSF reelin species were analyzed by Western blotting, employing antibodies against the N- and C-terminal domains. In AD patients, we found a decrease in the 420 kDa full-length reelin compared with controls. In these patients, we also found an increase in the N-terminal 310 kDa fragment resulting from the cleavage at the so-called C-t site, whereas the 180 kDa fragment originated from the N-t site remained unchanged. Regarding the C-terminal proteolytic fragments, the 100 kDa fragment resulting from the cleavage at the C-t site also displayed increased levels, whilst the one resulting from the N-t site, the 250 kDa fragment, decreased. We also detected the presence of an aberrant reelin species with a molecular mass of around 500 kDa present in AD samples (34 of 43 cases), while it was absent in the 14 control cases analyzed. These 500 kDa species were only immunoreactive to N-terminal antibodies. We validated the occurrence of these aberrant reelin species in an Aβ42-treated reelin-overexpressing cell model. When we compared the AD samples from APOE genotype subgroups, we only found minor differences in the levels of reelin fragments associated to the APOE genotype, but interestingly, the levels of fragments of apoER2 were lower in APOE ε4 carriers with regards to APOE ε3/ε3. The altered proportion of reelin/apoER2 fragments and the occurrence of reelin aberrant species suggest a complex regulation of the reelin signaling pathway, which results impaired in AD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Lopez-Font
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain; (M.P.L.); (G.I.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Matthew P. Lennol
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain; (M.P.L.); (G.I.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
| | - Guillermo Iborra-Lazaro
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain; (M.P.L.); (G.I.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Mölndal, Sweden; (H.Z.); (K.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Mölndal, Sweden; (H.Z.); (K.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain; (M.P.L.); (G.I.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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Gawenda T, Surowiak A, Krawczykowska A, Stempkowska A, Niedoba T. Analysis of the Aggregate Production Process with Different Geometric Properties in the Light Fraction Separator. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:4046. [PMID: 35744103 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an analysis of separation results in a specially designed and activated light fraction separator used to remove impurities from mineral aggregates. Laboratory tests conducted on a quarter-technical scale involved performing experiments to ascertain the scope for adjusting the variable settings of the separator operating parameters. These include the frequency and amplitude of pulsation, the height of the heavy-product reception threshold, the size of water flow and variations in the grain size and shape of the feed. During the experiments, the degrees of chalcedonite and dolomite grain purification were studied within the range of grain size for the feed: (2.0-4.0 mm for small grains, 8.0-16.0 for coarse grains and 2.0-16.0 mm for a wide range of grain sizes). The effects of the separator were assessed based on the amount of organic impurities in each heavy product. In all experiments, very good results were obtained, because the percentage of impurities in the product after separation was below 1% in accordance with the assumed technological standard assumption. Regarding the obtained content of light impurities with the separator set to optimal operating parameters, the percentage of light impurities in the product content was reduced to below 0.1%, which meets the guidelines described according to applicable standards. Multi-variant analysis allowed the optimal operating ranges of the separator to be determined, producing refined aggregate in terms of grain size and shape. The final results were also linked to the performance of the device, and its model dependencies were also determined.
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Duan JR, Wang SY, Li XH, Xu XR, Mei XW, An TT, Wang JK. [Distribution and sequestration of straw carbon in surface and deep soil aggregates under different fertilization treatments]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:1475-1481. [PMID: 35729122 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202206.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term fertilization causes the differences in water, heat, nutrients and microbial activities between topsoil and deep soil, with consequences on the decomposition and turnover of straw carbon (C) in soils. At a long-term positioning experimental station in Shenyang Agricultural University, we mixed the topsoil (0-20 cm) and deep soil (40-60 cm) samples from different fertilization treatments with 13C-labeled straw for in-situ incubation. We analyzed the content of organic C and its δ13C value in soil aggregates, compared the difference in the distribution of straw C between topsoil and deep soil aggregates, and explored the effects of fertilization on the sequestration of straw C in soil aggregates. Compared with fertilization treatments (i.e., single chemical nitrogen fertilizer application and combination of organic manure with nitrogen fertilizer application), the treatment without fertilization increased the content of straw C of <0.053 mm aggregate in the topsoil by 106.7% and that of >0.25 mm aggregate in the deep soil by 34.2%. The contribution percentage of straw C to organic C of >0.053 mm aggregate in the deep soil was about two times of that in the topsoil. About 22.6% and 11.4% of straw C was distributed into the >0.25 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates of topsoil, and about 29.4% and 8.8% of straw C was distributed into the >0.25 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates of deep soil, respectively. In conclusion, straw addition promoted the regeneration and sequestration of carbon in deep soil macroaggregates and increased the carbon sequestration potential of deep soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ru Duan
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shu-Ying Wang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Xu
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Mei
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ting-Ting An
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jing-Kuan Wang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang 110866, China
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Zhao Q, Pang L, Wang D. Adverse Effects of Using Metallurgical Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Aggregate: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:3803. [PMID: 35683104 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses a sustainable way to prepare construction materials from metallurgical slags. Steel slag, copper slag, lead-zinc slag, and electric furnace ferronickel slag are the most common metallurgical slags that could be used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and aggregates. However, they have some adverse effects that could significantly limit their applications when used in cement-based materials. The setting time is significantly delayed when steel slag is utilized as an SCM. With the addition of 30% steel slag, the initial setting time and final setting time are delayed by approximately 60% and 40%, respectively. Because the specific gravity of metallurgical slags is 10–40% higher than that of natural aggregates, metallurgical slags tend to promote segregation when utilized as aggregates. Furthermore, some metallurgical slags deteriorate the microstructure of hardened pastes, resulting in higher porosity, lower mechanical properties, and decreased durability. In terms of safety, there are issues with the soundness of steel slag, the alkali-silica reaction involving cement and electric furnace ferronickel slag, and the environmental safety concerns, due to the leaching of heavy metals from copper slag and lead-zinc slag.
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Fleming D, Niese B, Redman W, Vanderpool E, Gordon V, Rumbaugh KP. Contribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exopolysaccharides Pel and Psl to Wound Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:835754. [PMID: 35463635 PMCID: PMC9021892 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.835754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the cause of most chronic bacterial infections. Living within the biofilm matrix, which is made of extracellular substances, including polysaccharides, proteins, eDNA, lipids and other molecules, provides microorganisms protection from antimicrobials and the host immune response. Exopolysaccharides are major structural components of bacterial biofilms and are thought to be vital to numerous aspects of biofilm formation and persistence, including adherence to surfaces, coherence with other biofilm-associated cells, mechanical stability, protection against desiccation, binding of enzymes, and nutrient acquisition and storage, as well as protection against antimicrobials, host immune cells and molecules, and environmental stressors. However, the contribution of specific exopolysaccharide types to the pathogenesis of biofilm infection is not well understood. In this study we examined whether the absence of the two main exopolysaccharides produced by the biofilm former Pseudomonas aeruginosa would affect wound infection in a mouse model. Using P. aeruginosa mutants that do not produce the exopolysaccharides Pel and/or Psl we observed that the severity of wound infections was not grossly affected; both the bacterial load in the wounds and the wound closure rates were unchanged. However, the size and spatial distribution of biofilm aggregates in the wound tissue were significantly different when Pel and Psl were not produced, and the ability of the mutants to survive antibiotic treatment was also impaired. Taken together, our data suggest that while the production of Pel and Psl do not appear to affect P. aeruginosa pathogenesis in mouse wound infections, they may have an important implication for bacterial persistence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Fleming
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Brandon Niese
- Department of Physics, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, United States
| | - Whitni Redman
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Emily Vanderpool
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Vernita Gordon
- Department of Physics, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, United States
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Kendra P. Rumbaugh
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Burn Center for Research Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Chen C, Wang Z, Jia S, Zhang Y, Ji S, Zhao Z, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Ding D, Shi Y, Tang BZ. Evoking Highly Immunogenic Ferroptosis Aided by Intramolecular Motion-Induced Photo-Hyperthermia for Cancer Therapy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104885. [PMID: 35132824 PMCID: PMC8981454 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) through apoptosis or necroptosis is widely adopted to improve the therapeutic effect in cancer treatment by triggering a specific antitumor immunity. However, the tumor resistance to apoptosis/necroptosis seriously impedes the therapeutic effect. Recently, ferroptosis featured with excessive lipid peroxidation is demonstrated capable of bypassing the apoptosis/necroptosis resistance to kill cancer cells. To date, numerous efficient ferroptosis inducers are developed and successfully utilized for sensitizing cancer cells to ferroptosis. Unfortunately, these inducers can hardly generate adequate immunogenicity during induction of ferroptotic cancer cell death, which distinctly attenuates the efficacy of triggering antitumor immune response, therefore leads to unsatisfactory therapeutic effect. Herein, a novel high-performance photothermal nanoparticle (TPA-NDTA NP) is designed by exploiting energy via excited-state intramolecular motion and employed for immensely assisting ferroptosis inducer to evoke highly efficient ICD through ferroptosis pathway. Tumor models with poor immunogenicity are used to demonstrate the tremendously enhanced therapeutic effect endowed by highly enhanced immunogenic ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo by virtue of the NPs. This study sheds new light on a previously unrecognized facet of boosting the immunogenicity of ferroptosis for achieving satisfactory therapeutic effect in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionState Key Laboratory of Molecular NanoscienceDivision of Life ScienceDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Zaiyu Wang
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionState Key Laboratory of Molecular NanoscienceDivision of Life ScienceDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Shaorui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of Educationand College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211116China
| | - Shenglu Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang453003China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Aggregate Science and TechnologySchool of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen518172China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionState Key Laboratory of Molecular NanoscienceDivision of Life ScienceDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionState Key Laboratory of Molecular NanoscienceDivision of Life ScienceDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Dan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of Educationand College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Yang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of Educationand College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionState Key Laboratory of Molecular NanoscienceDivision of Life ScienceDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Aggregate Science and TechnologySchool of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen518172China
- AIE InstituteGuangzhou Development District, HuangpuGuangzhou510530China
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Liu Y, Tang YF, Yang YC, Jiang YM, Cheng DD. [Effects of large-grained activated humic acid fertilizer on soil aggregates and organic carbon in apple orchard soil]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:1021-1026. [PMID: 35543055 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202204.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The new large-grained activated humic acid fertilizer (LAF) can significantly reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer application and stable fruit yield. Understanding its impacts on soil aggregates and organic carbon is an important basis for revealing its role in driving soil structure of apple orchard. There were four LAF treatments: LAF1 (full fertilization, fertilization period and mass ratio (the same below), germination stage: fruit expansion stage: maturity stage=3:4:3), LAF2 (full fertilization, germination stage: fruit expansion stage: maturity stage=2:3:5), LAF3 (fertilizer application reduction by 1/4, germination stage: fruit expansion stage: maturity stage=2:3:5), LAF4 (fertilizer application reduction by 1/3, germination stage: fruit expansion stage: maturity stage=2:3:5); with no fertilization as control (CK). In a four-year pot experiment, we examined the composition, stabi-lity and organic carbon content of soil aggregates under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that: 1) compared with CK, each treatment of LAF increased the content of >2 mm and 2-0.25 mm aggregate by 53.4%-77.5% and 12.3%-17.0%, respectively. The application of LAF significantly increased the content of soil water stable aggregates, and such effects were positively related with application amount. The content of soil water stable aggregate was the highest in the LAF1 treatment. 2) There was no significant difference in aggregate content of each particle size among LAF treatments, with the proportion of aggregate content of 2-0.25 mm particle size being the highest. 3) Compared with CK, all LAF treatments significantly increased the average weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD), and reduced the fractal dimension (D). LAF1 treatment had the highest MWD and GMD values, and had the strongest effect on the stability of soil aggregates. 4) Except for LAF4 treatment, the content of soil organic carbon in other LAF treatments was significantly higher than that in CK, and the content of soil organic carbon in LAF2 treatment was the highest. All LAF treatments increased the organic carbon content of soil aggregates with each particle size. LAF1, LAF2, and LAF3 treatments significantly increased the organic carbon of aggregates with particle size >2 mm. Particle size >2 mm had the highest contribution to the total organic carbon. The contribution rate of water stable large aggregate organic carbon to total organic carbon of LAF treatment was significantly higher than that of CK, which was all higher than 66.0%, and that of LAF1 treatment was the highest. In conclusion, the application of LAF enhanced the formation and stability of water stable aggregates and increased organic carbon content of aggregates in apple orchard soil, with the best performance of the full application. The application of LAF could be used as an effective measure to improve soil structure and fertility in apple orchard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Fu Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yue-Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Mao Jiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Dong-Dong Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
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Jamieson T, Whiley H, Gascooke JR, Leterme SC. Can Aggregate-Associated Organisms Influence the Fouling in a SWRO Desalination Plant? Microorganisms 2022; 10. [PMID: 35456734 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study investigates the formation of aggregates within a desalination plant, before and after pre-treatment, as well as their potential impact on fouling. The objective is to provide an understanding of the biofouling potential of the feed water within a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant, due to the limited removal of fouling precursors. The 16S and 18S rRNA was extracted from the water samples, and the aggregates and sequenced. Pre-treatment systems, within the plant remove < 5 µm precursors and organisms; however, smaller size particles progress through the plant, allowing for the formation of aggregates. These become hot spots for microbes, due to their nutrient gradients, facilitating the formation of niche environments, supporting the proliferation of those organisms. Aggregate-associated organisms are consistent with those identified on fouled SWRO membranes. This study examines, for the first time, the factors supporting the formation of aggregates within a desalination system, as well as their microbial communities and biofouling potential.
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Shang M, Li H, Ahmad A, Ahmad W, Ostrowski KA, Aslam F, Joyklad P, Majka TM. Predicting the Mechanical Properties of RCA-Based Concrete Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15020647. [PMID: 35057364 PMCID: PMC8778266 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environment-friendly concrete is gaining popularity these days because it consumes less energy and causes less damage to the environment. Rapid increases in the population and demand for construction throughout the world lead to a significant deterioration or reduction in natural resources. Meanwhile, construction waste continues to grow at a high rate as older buildings are destroyed and demolished. As a result, the use of recycled materials may contribute to improving the quality of life and preventing environmental damage. Additionally, the application of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in concrete is essential for minimizing environmental issues. The compressive strength (CS) and splitting tensile strength (STS) of concrete containing RCA are predicted in this article using decision tree (DT) and AdaBoost machine learning (ML) techniques. A total of 344 data points with nine input variables (water, cement, fine aggregate, natural coarse aggregate, RCA, superplasticizers, water absorption of RCA and maximum size of RCA, density of RCA) were used to run the models. The data was validated using k-fold cross-validation and the coefficient correlation coefficient (R2), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error values (RMSE). However, the model's performance was assessed using statistical checks. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was used to determine the impact of each variable on the forecasting of mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Shang
- School of Architetrue and Civil Engineering, Changchun Sci-Tech Unversity, Changchun 130600, China
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Hejun Li
- Jilin Northeast Architectural and Municipal Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Ayaz Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Krzysztof Adam Ostrowski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Fahid Aslam
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Panuwat Joyklad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand;
| | - Tomasz M. Majka
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland;
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Naegeli H, Gsell C. "Nano-ghosts": Risk assessment of submicron-sized particles in food biased towards fictional "nano". EXCLI J 2022; 21:279-299. [PMID: 35391919 PMCID: PMC8983856 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Much confusion has been generated in the safety assessment of food-grade TiO2 (E171) by the comingling of studies conducted on submicron-sized particles with those examining the toxicity of more minuscule counterparts. As E171 displays a nano-sized tail in its particle distribution (up to 36 % of particles with a diameter < 100 nm), it was thought that potential hazards of this food additive can be extrapolated from studies on thoroughly nanoscale formulations. This simplistic procedure may, however, overestimate the effects of the nano-sized tail of E171 because TiO2 particles readily aggregate or agglomerate in aqueous suspensions and biological matrices. The resulting larger clusters display a reduced oral bioavailability in comparison to the same material in nano-sized dimensions. Also, even if taken up in trace amounts, the smaller particles likely remain appended to larger particles or clusters and these aggregates or conglomerates may nullify to a great extent their "nano" characteristics. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to reevaluate the literature on the toxicity of TiO2 particles focusing on studies that are directly relevant for the assessment of E171. The purpose is not to avert a ban on the use of E171 in food, which might well be justified in light of the uncertainties associated with this additive employed solely for its colorant properties. Instead, it will be important to avoid in the future this same bias towards a fictional "nano" hazard, especially when evaluating more innovative engineered particles that confer true benefits for example by enhancing nutritional properties, quality, freshness, traceability or sustainability of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanspeter Naegeli
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Hanspeter Naegeli, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Phone: +41 44 635 87 63, E-mail:
| | - Corina Gsell
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
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Secor PR, Michaels LA, Bublitz DC, Jennings LK, Singh PK. The Depletion Mechanism Actuates Bacterial Aggregation by Exopolysaccharides and Determines Species Distribution & Composition in Bacterial Aggregates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:869736. [PMID: 35782109 PMCID: PMC9243289 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.869736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in natural environments and infections are often found in cell aggregates suspended in polymer-rich solutions, and aggregation can promote bacterial survival and stress resistance. One aggregation mechanism, called depletion aggregation, is driven by physical forces between bacteria and high concentrations of polymers in the environment rather than bacterial activity per se. As such, bacteria aggregated by the depletion mechanism will disperse when polymer concentrations fall unless other adhesion mechanisms supervene. Here we investigated whether the depletion mechanism can actuate the aggregating effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exopolysaccharides for suspended (i.e. not surface attached) bacteria, and how depletion affects bacterial inter-species interactions. We found that cells overexpressing the exopolysaccharides Pel and Psl remained aggregated after short periods of depletion aggregation whereas wild-type and mucoid P. aeruginosa did not. In co-culture, depletion aggregation had contrasting effects on P. aeruginosa's interactions with coccus- and rod-shaped bacteria. Depletion caused S. aureus (cocci) and P. aeruginosa (rods) to segregate from each other and S. aureus to resist secreted P. aeruginosa antimicrobial factors resulting in species co-existence. In contrast, depletion aggregation caused P. aeruginosa and Burkholderia sp. (both rods) to intermix, enhancing type VI secretion inhibition of Burkholderia by P. aeruginosa, leading to P. aeruginosa dominance. These results show that in addition to being a primary cause of aggregation in polymer-rich suspensions, physical forces inherent to the depletion mechanism can promote aggregation by some self-produced exopolysaccharides and determine species distribution and composition of bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Secor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Lia A Michaels
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - DeAnna C Bublitz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Laura K Jennings
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Adamczuk A, Kercheva M, Hristova M, Jozefaciuk G. Impact of Chitosan on Water Stability and Wettability of Soils. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7724. [PMID: 34947320 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan has become increasingly applied in agriculture worldwide, thus entering the soil environment. We hypothesized that chitosan should affect the water stability of soil. Since this problem has not been studied to date, we examined, for the first time, the influence of chitosan on the water stability and wettability of soil aggregates. The aggregates were prepared from four soils with various properties amended with different amounts of two kinds of powdered chitosan, and subjected to 1 and/or 10 wetting–drying cycles. The water stability was measured by monitoring air bubbling after aggregate immersion in water, and the wettability was measured by a water drop penetration test. The biopolymer with a lower molecular mass, lower viscosity, and higher degree of deacetylation was more effective in increasing the water stability of the soil than the biopolymer with a higher molecular mass, higher viscosity, and lower deacetylation degree. After a single wetting-drying cycle, the water stability of the soil aggregates containing chitosan with a higher molecular mass was generally lower than that of the soil; after ten wetting–drying cycles, the water stability increased 1.5 to 20 times depending on the soil. The addition of low-molecular-mass chitosan after a single wetting-drying cycle caused the water stability to become one to two hundred times higher than that of the soil. A trial to find out which soil properties (pH, C and N content, bulk density, porosity, and particle size distribution) are responsible for the effectiveness of chitosan action was not successful, and this will be the objective of further studies.
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Celitan E, Gruskiene R, Sereikaite J. An Optimization Procedure for Preparing Aqueous CAR/HP-CD Aggregate Dispersions. Molecules 2021; 26:7562. [PMID: 34946642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Carotene is a very important molecule for human health. It finds a large application in the food industry, especially for the development of functional foods and dietary supplements. However, β-carotene is an unstable compound and is sensitive to light, temperature, and oxygen. To overcome those limitations, various delivery systems were developed. The inclusion of β-carotene by cyclodextrin aggregates is attractive due to non-toxicity, low hygroscopicity, stability, and the inexpensiveness of cyclodextrins. In this study, β-carotene/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin aggregates were prepared based on the procedure of the addition of β-carotene in an organic solvent to the hot water dispersion of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and the following instant evaporation of the organic solvent. The best conditions for the aggregate preparation were found to be as follows: 25% concentration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in water, 65 °C temperature, and acetone for β-carotene dissolution. The efficiency of entrapping was equal to 88%. The procedure is attractive due to the short time of the aggregate preparation.
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Francklin I, Ribeiro RP, Corrêa FA. Quartzite Mining Waste: Diagnosis of ASR Alkali-Silica Reaction in Mortars and Portland Cement Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14247642. [PMID: 34947240 PMCID: PMC8704511 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main objective was to determine the deleterious potential of quartzite mining tailings subjected to different ASR alkali–silica reaction tests. The studies included petrographic analysis, chemical analysis of cements, expansion tests in mortar bars and concrete prisms, and microstructural analysis. Petrographic analysis of quartzites indicated high percentages of deformed quartz (95%), and were classified as potentially reactive. Two types of HES high early strength cement with alkaline equivalents of 0.749% and 0.61%, respectively, were selected. Of the 8 samples analyzed by the accelerated method in mortars, only 2 quartzite samples and 1 diabasium sample indicated potentially reactive behavior. The accelerated and long-term methods in concrete prisms proved to be effective and were consistent with the deleterious potential of the samples. All analyzed samples were diagnosed with the ASR gel. In the microstructural analysis, in addition to the ASR products, other expansive products of late ettringite were detected. Reaction mitigation methods are proposed so that quartzite waste can be used as an alternative aggregate in concrete, and thus contribute to the reduction of mine tailings and, consequently, reduce the negative environmental impact from mining.
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Xing Z, Han F, Tian J, Xu Z, Wang J, Liu T, Zheng B, Huang J. Preparation and Characterization of the Functional Properties of Synthetic Aggregates from Silico-Manganese Slag. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14237303. [PMID: 34885457 PMCID: PMC8658359 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A large number of natural aggregates are used in the field of construction materials, resulting in the exhaustion of natural aggregates. Therefore, looking for an alternative will slow down the consumption of natural aggregates. The sintering method not only consumes a lot of energy to prepare aggregates but also produces a lot of pollutants. In this study, silico-manganese (SM) slag was dried, ground into powder, and used as raw material. Solid and liquid alkaline activator methods were used to prepare SM slag non-burning aggregate (SMNA) by the cold bonding method. The effects of grinding time, amounts of solid and liquid alkaline activators, curing temperature, and the amount of added fly ash on aggregate properties were investigated. The aggregate microstructure was characterized by XRD, SEM, and FTIR methods, and the toxic leaching analysis of aggregate was performed. The results showed that with a fixed amount of liquid activator (16.2% wt.) and solid activator (15% wt.) and fly ash (20% wt.), respectively, and curing was performed at room temperature, the aggregate properties were optimal: the bulk density of 1236.6-1476.9 kg/m3 and the water absorption lower than 4.9-5.5%. The apparent density was 1973.1-2281.6 kg/m3, and the bulk crushing strength was 24.7-27.9 MPa. The XRD, SEM, and FTIR results indicated that amorphous gel could be formed from SM under an alkaline activator, improving the aggregate strength. The results of toxic leaching showed that the aggregate prepared from SM exhibited environmentally friendly characteristics. The SMNA was obtained via the simple and low-energy consumption production process, paving the new way toward large-scale utilization of SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Xing
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Fenglan Han
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
- International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base of Industrial Waste Recycling and Advanced Materials, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13895002585
| | - Jiuliang Tian
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhichao Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Tengteng Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiahe Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
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Yang X, Yuan R, Garcia C, Berry J, Foster D, He D, Zhang GF, Jones BE. Development of a robust and semi-automated two-step antibody purification process. MAbs 2021; 13:2000348. [PMID: 34781834 PMCID: PMC8604386 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in antibody discovery technologies, especially with the availability of humanized mice and phage/yeast library approaches, enable the generation of a large diversity of antibodies against nearly any target of interest. As a result, there is an increasing demand for the production of larger numbers of purified antibodies at quantities (10s-100s of milligrams) sufficient for functional screening assays, drug-ability/develop-ability studies and immunogenicity assessments. To accommodate this need, new methods are required that bridge miniature high throughput/plate-based purification and conventional, one at a time, two-step purification at much larger scales. Thus, we developed a semi-automated, mid-scale (i.e., 1-75 mg) purification process that uses a combination of parallel affinity capture and automated sequential polishing to provide substantially improved throughput while delivering high purity. We optimized the affinity capture step to perform 24 monoclonal antibody purifications in parallel using a Protein Maker for 20-200 mL culture media. The eluant is transferred directly to an AKTA pure system equipped with an autosampler for sequential preparative size exclusion chromatography to remove aggregates and undesirable impurities, as well as exchange the antibody into a buffer suitable for most uses, including cell-based assays. This two-step purification procedure, together with plate-based protein analytical methods, can purify 24-48 monoclonal antibodies in <20 hours and generate up to 80 mg per sample. A stringent clean-in-place protocol for both systems and column maintenance was designed and established to minimize endotoxin contamination. This process has proven to be very reliable and robust, enabling the production of thousands of antibodies of sufficient quality and quantity that are suitable for cell-based assays, biochemical/biophysical characterization, and in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yang
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard Yuan
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Berry
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Denisa Foster
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dongmei He
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gui-Feng Zhang
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bryan E Jones
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA, USA
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43
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Hunter JE, Fredricks HF, Behrendt L, Alcolombri U, Bent SM, Stocker R, Van Mooy BAS. Using High-Sensitivity Lipidomics To Assess Microscale Heterogeneity in Oceanic Sinking Particles and Single Phytoplankton Cells. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:15456-15465. [PMID: 34724376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sinking particulate organic matter (POM) is a primary component of the ocean's biological carbon pump that is responsible for carbon export from the surface to the deep sea. Lipids derived from plankton comprise a significant fraction of sinking POM. Our understanding of planktonic lipid biosynthesis and the subsequent degradation of lipids in sinking POM is based on the analysis of bulk samples that combine many millions of plankton cells or dozens of sinking particles, which averages out natural heterogeneity. We developed and applied a nanoflow high-performance liquid-chromatography electrospray-ionization high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry lipidomic method to show that two types of sinking particles─marine snow and fecal pellets─collected in the western North Atlantic Ocean have distinct lipidomes, providing new insights into their sources and degradation that would not be apparent from bulk samples. We pressed the limit of this approach by examining individual diatom cells from a single culture, finding marked lipid heterogeneity, possibly indicative of fundamental mechanisms underlying cell division. These single-cell data confirm that even cultures of phytoplankton cells should be viewed as mixtures of physiologically distinct populations. Overall, this work reveals previously hidden lipidomic heterogeneity in natural POM and phytoplankton cells, which may provide critical new insights into microscale chemical and microbial processes that control the export of sinking POM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Hunter
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1050, United States
| | - Helen F Fredricks
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1050, United States
| | - Lars Behrendt
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Uria Alcolombri
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Shavonna M Bent
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1050, United States
| | - Roman Stocker
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin A S Van Mooy
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1050, United States
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44
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Takenaka Y, Inoue I, Nakano T, Ikeda M, Kakinuma Y. Prolonged disturbance of proteostasis induces cellular senescence via temporal mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent mitochondrial accumulation in human fibroblasts. FEBS J 2021; 289:1650-1667. [PMID: 34689411 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic activity declines with age, resulting in the accumulation of aggregated proteins in aged organisms. To investigate how disturbance in proteostasis causes cellular senescence, we developed a stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) model, in which normal human fibroblast MRC-5 cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or the vacuolar-type ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BAFA1) for 5 days. Time-course studies revealed a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide during and after drug treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential initially decreased, suggesting temporal mitochondrial dysfunction during drug treatment, but was restored along with mitochondrial accumulation after drug treatment. AMP-activated protein kinase alpha was notably activated during treatment; thereafter, intracellular ATP levels significantly increased. SIPS induction by MG132 or BAFA1 was partially attenuated by co-treatment with vitamin E or rapamycin, in which the levels of ROS, mitochondrial accumulation, and protein aggregates were suppressed, implying the critical involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in SIPS progression. Rapamycin co-treatment also augmented the expression of HSP70 and activation of AKT, which could recover proteostasis and promote cell survival, respectively. Our study proposes a possible pathway from the disturbed proteostasis to cellular senescence via excess ROS production as well as functional and quantitative changes in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Takenaka
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Ikuo Inoue
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Takanari Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ikeda
- Department of Physiology, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kakinuma
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Sas W, Dzięcioł J, Radzevičius A, Radziemska M, Dapkienė M, Šadzevičius R, Skominas R, Głuchowski A. Geotechnical and Environmental Assessment of Blast Furnace Slag for Engineering Applications. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:6029. [PMID: 34683619 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for building materials in the road industry creates interest for a new source of high-quality aggregates. In order to conserve natural resources, more attention is focused on anthropogenic soils and industrial solid wastes. For the successful application of these types of soil, a series of geotechnical and environmental tests have to be conducted. A potential hazard in the reuse of wastes from thermal degradation in the construction industry, particularly in reinforced concrete (RC) construction, is the migration of heavy metals into the groundwater environment. In this article, a geotechnical assessment of blast furnace slag (BFS) properties is presented. We conducted a series of CBR, and oedometric tests to evaluate the feasibility of BFS application in earth construction. The oedometric test results show acceptable compression characteristics which are in the range of natural aggregates. The CBR shows that this material may be used as a pavement subbase. We also noticed the preconsolidation pressure phenomenon in both Proctor and vibro-compacted soil during the oedometric test. The compression index and recompression index value show that the compression characteristics are close to those of dense sand. Based on the results described in the article, blast furnace slag is a candidate for technological application and can become one of the elements of sustainable development by contributing to a reduction in the negative environmental impact of production and use of building materials.
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46
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Herzog Bromerchenkel L, Chernoloz O, Zhao P, Ossetchkina E, Peterson K. Tapas de sílice - a smörgåsbord of reactive mineralogies and textures. J Microsc 2021; 286:69-73. [PMID: 34558658 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A source of sand is proposed as an educational tool to aid in the identification of silica mineralogies and textures susceptible to alkali-silica reaction. This particular silica sand originates in the southern portion of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, and exhibits a wide variety of lithologies, A thin section produced from a cross-section through a mortar bar subjected to ATSM C1260 Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method) exhibits plentiful examples of reactive silica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleksiy Chernoloz
- Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Karl Peterson
- Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Suzuki S, Omori I, Kuraishi R, Kaneko H. Cell sorting and germ layer formation in reconstructed starfish embryos. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:343-353. [PMID: 34480340 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Germ layer formation is driven by embryonic cell sorting during the early developmental stages. Starfish (Patiria pectinifera) embryos have a connected endoderm and ectoderm, albeit with few contact surfaces between the epithelia. To better understand the association between cell sorting and germ layer formation, we reconstructed P. pectinifera embryos and examined their germ layer formation. Initial observations showed that the presumptive endodermal (pEN) and presumptive ectodermal (pEC) portions of the embryonic body at the late-blastula stage were preserved throughout development. Based on this, cells that were dissociated from each dermal fragment were mixed in a reconstruction experiment. Our results showed that the pEN and pEC cells were located inside and outside the reaggregates, respectively, to form an embryonic body containing two epithelial layers, separated by a blastocoel. During this process, the pEN cells were motile and shifted from smaller clumps to form a large clump. In contrast, in reaggregates formed in separate cultures, the pEN cells showed strong adhesion abilities, whereas the pEC cells underwent epithelialization. Unlike that in pEN cells, the reaggregation of pEC cells preceded cadherin expression. Filamentous actin was similarly observed in both reaggregates. These results suggest that during the reconstruction of starfish embryos, germ layer formation occurs via the sorting of pEN and pEC cells, depending on their adhesiveness, motility, and epithelialization. In vivo, these properties might embody the physiological significance of cell adhesion in the germ layers constituting the epithelial monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Suzuki
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuko Omori
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ritsu Kuraishi
- Department of Biology, Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaneko
- Department of Biology, Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
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48
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Corbet GA, Wheeler JR, Parker R, Weskamp K. TDP43 ribonucleoprotein granules: physiologic function to pathologic aggregates. RNA Biol 2021; 18:128-138. [PMID: 34412568 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1963099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) assemblies are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and have functions throughout RNA transcription, splicing, and stability. Of the RNA-binding proteins that form RNPs, TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kD (TDP43) is of particular interest due to its essential nature and its association with disease. TDP43 plays critical roles in RNA metabolism, many of which require its recruitment to RNP granules such as stress granules, myo-granules, and neuronal transport granules. Moreover, the presence of cytoplasmic TDP43-positive inclusions is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the pervasiveness of TDP43 aggregates, TDP43 mutations are exceedingly rare, suggesting that aggregation may be linked to dysregulation of TDP43 function. Oligomerization is a part of normal TDP43 function; thus, it is of interest to understand what triggers the irreversible aggregation that is seen in disease. Herein, we examine TDP43 functions, particularly in RNP granules, and the mechanisms which may explain pathological TDP43 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ada Corbet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Roy Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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49
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Siddika A, Hajimohammadi A, Mamun MAA, Alyousef R, Ferdous W. Waste Glass in Cement and Geopolymer Concretes: A Review on Durability and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2071. [PMID: 34202421 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, the world is producing around 100 million tons of waste glass (WG), the majority of them are going to landfills that create massive environmental problems. One approach to solve this problem is to transform waste glass into construction materials. Glass is recyclable; however, the melting temperature of the glass is highly dependent on its colour that requires sorting before recycling. To overcome this challenge, many researchers and end-users are using broken glass in concrete either as a binder or aggregates. While significant investigations have done in this area, however, the outcomes of these studies are scattered, and difficult to reach a firm conclusion about the effectiveness of WG in concrete. In this study, the roles of WG and its impact on microstructural and durability properties for both cement and geopolymer concrete are critically reviewed. This review reveals that the amorphous silica in WG effectively participate to the hydration and geopolymerization process and improve concrete microstructural properties. This behaviour of WG help to produce durable concrete against shrinkage, chemical attack, freeze-thaw action, electrical and thermal insulation properties. The optimum replacement volume of binders or natural aggregates and particle size of WG need to be selected carefully to minimise the possible alkali-silica reaction. This review discusses a wide range of parameters for durability properties and challenges associated with WG concrete, which provides necessary guidelines for best practice with future research directions.
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50
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Zhang Z, Niu X, Feng X, Wang X, Yu L, Wang W, Yuan Z. Construction of a pH/TGase "Dual Key"-Responsive Gold Nano-radiosensitizer with Liver Tumor-Targeting Ability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3434-3445. [PMID: 34129333 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The method of tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive aggregation has become a promising approach to enhance treatment effect by improving the accumulation of nanoparticles in tumors. The enzymatic cross-linking strategy has widely attracted attention owing to its good aggregation stability and biocompatibility. However, the enzymes in nontumor tissue can also catalyze the cross-linking reaction and reduce accumulation of nanoparticles in tumor. In this work, a "dual key"-responsive strategy is utilized to construct a transglutaminase (TGase)/pH-responsive radiosensitizer (Au@TAcoGal) with specific aggregation behavior in hepatic tumor cells. Au@TAcoGal can retain its stability in blood circulation (pH 7.4) even in the presence of TGase in plasma. On reaching tumor sites, it can be endocytosed by hepatoma cells by the active targeting of phenylboronic acid (PBA) and aggregated under acidity and overexpression of TGase in cells. Due to its specific accumulation in hepatoma cells, radiotherapy can be operated under a lower dose of X-ray. The results show that the cellular accumulation of Au@TAcoGal increases by 30-70%, and the cell survival rate is less than 25% under X-ray irradiation. The antineoplastic results show that Au@TAcoGal exhibits a higher therapeutic effect, and the tumor inhibition rate can reach 84.21%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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