1
|
Joseph SC, Eugin Simon S, Bohm MS, Kim M, Pye ME, Simmons BW, Graves DG, Thomas-Gooch SM, Tanveer UA, Holt JR, Ponnusamy S, Sipe LM, Hayes DN, Cook KL, Narayanan R, Pierre JF, Makowski L. FXR Agonism with Bile Acid Mimetic Reduces Pre-Clinical Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Burden. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1368. [PMID: 38611046 PMCID: PMC11011133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is associated with improved outcomes for several cancers, including breast cancer (BC), although the mechanisms mediating this protection are unknown. We hypothesized that elevated bile acid pools detected after bariatric surgery may be factors that contribute to improved BC outcomes. Patients with greater expression of the bile acid receptor FXR displayed improved survival in specific aggressive BC subtypes. FXR is a nuclear hormone receptor activated by primary bile acids. Therefore, we posited that activating FXR using an established FDA-approved agonist would induce anticancer effects. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we determined the anti-tumor potential of bile acid receptor agonism. Indeed, FXR agonism by the bile acid mimetic known commercially as Ocaliva ("OCA"), or Obeticholic acid (INT-747), significantly reduced BC progression and overall tumor burden in a pre-clinical model. The transcriptomic analysis of tumors in mice subjected to OCA treatment revealed differential gene expression patterns compared to vehicle controls. Notably, there was a significant down-regulation of the oncogenic transcription factor MAX (MYC-associated factor X), which interacts with the oncogene MYC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) further demonstrated a statistically significant downregulation of the Hallmark MYC-related gene set (MYC Target V1) following OCA treatment. In human and murine BC analyses in vitro, agonism of FXR significantly and dose-dependently inhibited proliferation, migration, and viability. In contrast, the synthetic agonism of another common bile acid receptor, the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 (GPBAR1) which is mainly activated by secondary bile acids, failed to significantly alter cancer cell dynamics. In conclusion, agonism of FXR by primary bile acid memetic OCA yields potent anti-tumor effects potentially through inhibition of proliferation and migration and reduced cell viability. These findings suggest that FXR is a tumor suppressor gene with a high potential for use in personalized therapeutic strategies for individuals with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney C. Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Samson Eugin Simon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Margaret S. Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Madeline E. Pye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Boston W. Simmons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Dillon G. Graves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Stacey M. Thomas-Gooch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ubaid A. Tanveer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jeremiah R. Holt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Suriyan Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Laura M. Sipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mary Washinton, Fredericksburg, VI 22401, USA
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Katherine L. Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Ramesh Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tian F, Chen T, Xu W, Fan Y, Feng X, Huang Q, Chen J. Curcumin Compensates GLP-1 Deficiency via the Microbiota-Bile Acids Axis and Modulation in Functional Crosstalk between TGR5 and FXR in ob/ob Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300195. [PMID: 37712101 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) deficiency occurs in obesity-related pathologies due to defects in the intestinal lumen. And expanding the L-cell population has emerged as a promising avenue to elevate GLP-1 secretion to tackle metabolic disorders. Curcumin (Cur), the principal active component of spice turmeric, possesses well-established anti-obesity properties. To clarify, the study investigates whether Cur promotes GLP-1 secretion built upon the L-cell expansion. METHODS AND RESULTS Cur (60 mg kg-1 ) is administered orally to male ob/ob mice for 8 weeks. Cur ameliorates obesity and impaires glucose tolerance through increasing energy expenditure in ob/ob mice, accompanied by the maintenance of crypt architecture and gut permeability. It refines the microbial structure and bile acid (BA) profiles, resulting in deoxycholic acid (DCA) accumulation by weakening the enrichment of Lactobacillus. Further analyses show radically different properties of Cur on the intestine function of TGR5 and FXR (i.e., activation and repression). Cur amplifies L-cell number to promote GLP-1 secretion in ob/ob mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that Cur may act as a natural TGR5 agonist and FXR antagonist to improve obesity by enhancing GLP-1 release from L-cell expansion via the gut microbiota-BAs-TGR5/FXR axis, and it may serve as a promising therapeutic agent to compensate obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tian
- General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Tianxi Chen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Wangda Xu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Yichang Fan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Yuan H, Chu H, Yang L. The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids Promotes the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2059. [PMID: 37630619 PMCID: PMC10459427 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently the roles of gut microbiota are highly regarded in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The intestinal bacteria regulate the metabolism of bile acids depending on bile salt hydrolase (BSH), 7-dehydroxylation, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH), or amide conjugation reaction, thus exerting effects on NAFLD development through bile acid receptors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR), Takeda G-protein-coupled bile acid protein 5 (TGR5), and vitamin D receptor (VDR), which modulate nutrient metabolism and insulin sensitivity via interacting with downstream molecules. Reversely, the composition of gut microbiota is also affected by the level of bile acids in turn. We summarize the mutual regulation between the specific bacteria and bile acids in NAFLD and the latest clinical research based on microbiota and bile acids, which facilitate the development of novel treatment modalities in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China; (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi L, Jin L, Huang W. Bile Acids, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Related Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1888. [PMID: 37508557 PMCID: PMC10377837 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a precisely regulated semi-permeable physiological structure that absorbs nutrients and protects the internal environment from infiltration of pathological molecules and microorganisms. Bile acids are small molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, secreted into the duodenum, and transformed to secondary or tertiary bile acids by the gut microbiota. Bile acids interact with bile acid receptors (BARs) or gut microbiota, which plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent studies on bile acid disorder associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction and related diseases. We focus on the roles of bile acids, BARs, and gut microbiota in triggering intestinal barrier dysfunction. Insights for the future prevention and treatment of intestinal barrier dysfunction and related diseases are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linsen Shi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biomedical Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou S, Yang L, Hu L, Qin W, Cao Y, Tang Z, Li H, Hu X, Fang Z, Li S, Huang Z, Chen H. Blueberry extract alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation responses in mice through activating the FXR/TGR5 signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:4638-4648. [PMID: 36935348 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberry extract (BE) is rich in phenols, especially anthocyanins. Anthocyanins regulate the inflammatory response in mice and may be related to gut microbiota and bile acid receptors. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of BE on the inflammatory response by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid receptors in mice administered Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHOD Thirty male KM mice were randomly divided into three groups: CON (control diet) group; LPS (LPS stimulation) group; and LPS + BE (LPS stimulation, 5% BE intervention) group. RESULTS our results showed that, compared with the LPS group, the addition of BE decreased the level of inflammatory factors in serum and tissues, inhibited the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, protected the intestinal barrier and activated FXR/TGR5, which was related to gut microbiota (especially Akkermansia). The active component (e.g., cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, C3G) in BE may be an important factor in regulating gut microbiota. CONCLUSION BE alleviated the inflammatory response mainly by activating bile acid receptor expression and regulating the gut microbiota; this effect may be related to the composition of bioactive substances in BE. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinjie Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jena PK, Setayesh T, Sheng L, Di Lucente J, Jin LW, Wan YJY. Intestinal Microbiota Remodeling Protects Mice from Western Diet-Induced Brain Inflammation and Cognitive Decline. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030504. [PMID: 35159313 PMCID: PMC8834507 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the Western diet (WD) induces systemic inflammation and cognitive decline. Moreover, probiotic supplementation and antibiotic treatment reduce diet-induced hepatic inflammation. The current study examines whether shaping the gut microbes by Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis) supplementation and antibiotic treatment reduce diet-induced brain inflammation and improve neuroplasticity. Furthermore, the significance of bile acid (BA) signaling in regulating brain inflammation was studied. Mice were fed a control diet (CD) or WD for seven months. B. infantis was supplemented to WD-fed mice to study brain inflammation, lipid, metabolomes, and neuroplasticity measured by long-term potentiation (LTP). Broad-spectrum coverage antibiotics and cholestyramine treatments were performed to study the impact of WD-associated gut microbes and BA in brain inflammation. Probiotic B. infantis supplementation inhibited diet-induced brain inflammation by reducing IL6, TNFα, and CD11b levels. B. infantis improved LTP and increased brain PSD95 and BDNF levels, which were reduced due to WD intake. Additionally, B. infantis reduced cecal cholesterol, brain ceramide and enhanced saturated fatty acids. Moreover, antibiotic treatment, as well as cholestyramine, diminished WD-induced brain inflammatory signaling. Our findings support the theory that intestinal microbiota remodeling by B. infantis reduces brain inflammation, activates BA receptor signaling, and improves neuroplasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Lili Sheng
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Jacopo Di Lucente
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Lee Way Jin
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-916-734-4293; Fax: +1-916-734-3787
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xue R, Su L, Lai S, Wang Y, Zhao D, Fan J, Chen W, Hylemon PB, Zhou H. Bile Acid Receptors and the Gut-Liver Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2021; 10:2806. [PMID: 34831031 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been significantly increased due to the global epidemic of obesity. The disease progression from simple steatosis (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is closely linked to inflammation, insulin resistance, and dysbiosis. Although extensive efforts have been aimed at elucidating the pathological mechanisms of NAFLD disease progression, current understanding remains incomplete, and no effective therapy is available. Bile acids (BAs) are not only important physiological detergents for the absorption of lipid-soluble nutrients in the intestine but also metabolic regulators. During the last two decades, BAs have been identified as important signaling molecules involved in lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. Dysregulation of BA homeostasis has been associated with NAFLD disease severity. Identification of nuclear receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors activated by different BAs not only significantly expanded the current understanding of NAFLD/NASH disease progression but also provided the opportunity to develop potential therapeutics for NAFLD/NASH. In this review, we will summarize the recent studies with a focus on BA-mediated signaling pathways in NAFLD/NASH. Furthermore, the therapeutic implications of targeting BA-mediated signaling pathways for NAFLD will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Reich M, Spomer L, Klindt C, Fuchs K, Stindt J, Deutschmann K, Höhne J, Liaskou E, Hov JR, Karlsen TH, Beuers U, Verheij J, Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Hirschfield G, Forbes SJ, Schramm C, Esposito I, Nierhoff D, Fickert P, Fuchs CD, Trauner M, García-Beccaria M, Gabernet G, Nahnsen S, Mallm JP, Vogel M, Schoonjans K, Lautwein T, Köhrer K, Häussinger D, Luedde T, Heikenwalder M, Keitel V. Downregulation of TGR5 (GPBAR1) in biliary epithelial cells contributes to the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 2021; 75:634-646. [PMID: 33872692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the biliary tree. The bile acid receptor TGR5 (GPBAR1) is found on biliary epithelial cells (BECs), where it promotes secretion, proliferation and tight junction integrity. Thus, we speculated that changes in TGR5-expression in BECs may contribute to PSC pathogenesis. METHODS TGR5-expression and -localization were analyzed in PSC livers and liver tissue, isolated bile ducts and BECs from Abcb4-/-, Abcb4-/-/Tgr5Tg and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)- or 24-norursodeoxycholic acid (norUDCA)-fed Abcb4-/- mice. The effects of IL8/IL8 homologues on TGR5 mRNA and protein levels were studied. BEC gene expression was analyzed by single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) from distinct mouse models. RESULTS TGR5 mRNA expression and immunofluorescence staining intensity were reduced in BECs of PSC and Abcb4-/- livers, in Abcb4-/- extrahepatic bile ducts, but not in intrahepatic macrophages. No changes in TGR5 BEC fluorescence intensity were detected in liver tissue of other liver diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis. Incubation of BECs with IL8/IL8 homologues, but not with other cytokines, reduced TGR5 mRNA and protein levels. BECs from Abcb4-/- mice had lower levels of phosphorylated Erk and higher expression levels of Icam1, Vcam1 and Tgfβ2. Overexpression of Tgr5 abolished the activated inflammatory phenotype characteristic of Abcb4-/- BECs. NorUDCA-feeding restored TGR5-expression levels in BECs in Abcb4-/- livers. CONCLUSIONS Reduced TGR5 levels in BECs from patients with PSC and Abcb4-/- mice promote development of a reactive BEC phenotype, aggravate biliary injury and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis. Restoration of biliary TGR5-expression levels represents a previously unknown mechanism of action of norUDCA. LAY SUMMARY Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease-associated with progressive inflammation of the bile duct, leading to fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. Bile acid (BA) toxicity may contribute to the development and disease progression of PSC. TGR5 is a membrane-bound receptor for BAs, which is found on bile ducts and protects bile ducts from BA toxicity. In this study, we show that TGR5 levels were reduced in bile ducts from PSC livers and in bile ducts from a genetic mouse model of PSC. Our investigations indicate that lower levels of TGR5 in bile ducts may contribute to PSC development and progression. Furthermore, treatment with norUDCA, a drug currently being tested in a phase III trial for PSC, restored TGR5 levels in biliary epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Reich
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lina Spomer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Caroline Klindt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Fuchs
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Stindt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathleen Deutschmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Höhne
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Evaggelia Liaskou
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre and Section of Gastroenterology at the Department of Transplantation Medicine, and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre and Section of Gastroenterology at the Department of Transplantation Medicine, and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, AGEM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, AGEM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gideon Hirschfield
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christoph Schramm
- I. Department of Medicine and Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Nierhoff
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Fickert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Claudia Daniela Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - María García-Beccaria
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gisela Gabernet
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Nahnsen
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Mallm
- Single Cell Open Lab, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Vogel
- DKFZ Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Lautwein
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Biologisch-Medizinisches-Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Biologisch-Medizinisches-Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kriegermeier A, Green R. Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Disease: Review of Bile Acid Metabolism and Discussion of Current and Emerging Therapies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:149. [PMID: 32432119 PMCID: PMC7214672 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and the leading indication for pediatric liver transplant. These include diseases such as biliary atresia, Alagille syndrome, progressive intrahepatic cholestasis entities, ductal plate abnormalities including Caroli syndrome and congenital hepatic fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, bile acid synthesis defects, and certain metabolic disease. Medical management of these patients typically includes supportive care for complications of chronic cholestasis including malnutrition, pruritus, and portal hypertension. However, there are limited effective interventions to prevent progressive liver damage in these diseases, leaving clinicians to ultimately rely on liver transplantation in many cases. Agents such as ursodeoxycholic acid, bile acid sequestrants, and rifampicin have been mainstays of treatment for years with the understanding that they may decrease or alter the composition of the bile acid pool, though clinical response to these medications is frequently insufficient and their effects on disease progression remain limited. Recently, animal and human studies have identified potential new therapeutic targets which may disrupt the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, alter the expression of bile acid transporters or decrease the production of bile acids. In this article, we will review bile formation, bile acid signaling, and the relevance for current and newer therapies for pediatric cholestasis. We will also highlight further areas of potential targets for medical intervention for pediatric cholestatic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Kriegermeier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard Green
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Meadows V, Kennedy L, Kundu D, Alpini G, Francis H. Bile Acid Receptor Therapeutics Effects on Chronic Liver Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:15. [PMID: 32064266 PMCID: PMC7000431 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past ten years, our understanding of the importance of bile acids has expanded from fat absorption and glucose/lipid/energy homeostasis into potential therapeutic targets for amelioration of chronic cholestatic liver diseases. The discovery of important bile acid signaling mechanisms, as well as their role in metabolism, has increased the interest in bile acid/bile acid receptor research development. Bile acid levels and speciation are dysregulated during liver injury/damage resulting in cytotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis. An increasing focus to target bile acid receptors, responsible for bile acid synthesis and circulation, such as Farnesoid X receptor and apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter to reduce bile acid synthesis have resulted in clinical trials for treatment of previously untreatable chronic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. This review focuses on current bile acid receptor mediators and their effects on parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. Attention will also be brought to the gut/liver axis during chronic liver damage and its treatment with bile acid receptor modulators. Overall, these studies lend evidence to the importance of bile acids and their receptors on liver disease establishment and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vik Meadows
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sheng L, Jena PK, Liu HX, Hu Y, Nagar N, Bronner DN, Settles ML, Bäumler AJ, Wan YJY. Obesity treatment by epigallocatechin-3-gallate-regulated bile acid signaling and its enriched Akkermansia muciniphila. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800370R. [PMID: 29882708 PMCID: PMC6219838 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800370r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated bile acid (BA) synthesis is accompanied by dysbiosis, leading to compromised metabolism. This study analyzes the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on diet-induced obesity through regulation of BA signaling and gut microbiota. The data revealed that EGCG effectively reduced diet-increased obesity, visceral fat, and insulin resistance. Gene profiling data showed that EGCG had a significant impact on regulating genes implicated in fatty acid uptake, adipogenesis, and metabolism in the adipose tissue. In addition, metabolomics analysis revealed that EGCG altered the lipid and sugar metabolic pathways. In the intestine, EGCG reduced the FXR agonist chenodeoxycholic acid, as well as the FXR-regulated pathway, suggesting intestinal FXR deactivation. However, in the liver, EGCG increased the concentration of FXR and TGR-5 agonists and their regulated signaling. Furthermore, our data suggested that EGCG activated Takeda G protein receptor (TGR)-5 based on increased GLP-1 release and elevated serum PYY level. EGCG and antibiotics had distinct antibacterial effects. They also differentially altered body weight and BA composition. EGCG, but not antibiotics, increased Verrucomicrobiaceae, under which EGCG promoted intestinal bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila. Excitingly, A. muciniphila was as effective as EGCG in treating diet-induced obesity. Together, EGCG shifts gut microbiota and regulates BA signaling thereby having a metabolic beneficial effect.-Sheng, L., Jena, P. K., Liu, H.-X., Hu, Y., Nagar, N., Bronner, D. N., Settles, M. L., Bäumler, A. J. Wan, Y.-J. Y. Obesity treatment by epigallocatechin-3-gallate-regulated bile acid signaling and its enriched Akkermansia muciniphila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nidhi Nagar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Denise N. Bronner
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matthew L. Settles
- Bioinformatics Core Facility in the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andreas J. Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu S, Huang S, Luan Z, Chen T, Wei Y, Xing M, Li Y, Du C, Wang B, Zheng F, Wang N, Guan Y, Gustafsson JÅ, Zhang X. Farnesoid X receptor is essential for the survival of renal medullary collecting duct cells under hypertonic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5600-5. [PMID: 29739889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803945115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertonicity in renal medulla is critical for the kidney to produce concentrated urine. Renal medullary cells have to survive high medullary osmolarity during antidiuresis. Previous study reported that farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor transcription factor activated by endogenous bile acids, increases urine concentrating ability by up-regulating aquaporin 2 expression in medullary collecting duct cells (MCDs). However, whether FXR is also involved in the maintenance of cell survival of MCDs under dehydration condition and hypertonic stress remains largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that 24-hours water restriction selectively up-regulated renal medullary expression of FXR with little MCD apoptosis in wild-type mice. In contrast, water deprivation caused a massive apoptosis of MCDs in both global FXR gene-deficient mice and collecting duct-specific FXR knockout mice. In vitro studies showed that hypertonicity significantly increased FXR and tonicity response enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) expression in mIMCD3 cell line and primary cultured MCDs. Activation and overexpression of FXR markedly increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis under hyperosmotic conditions. In addition, FXR can increase gene expression and nuclear translocation of TonEBP. We conclude that FXR protects MCDs from hypertonicity-induced cell injury very likely via increasing TonEBP expression and nuclear translocation. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which FXR enhances urine concentration via maintaining cell viability of MCDs under hyperosmotic condition.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pang C, LaLonde A, Godfrey TE, Que J, Sun J, Wu TT, Zhou Z. Bile salt receptor TGR5 is highly expressed in esophageal adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions with significantly worse overall survival and gender differences. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2017; 10:29-37. [PMID: 28223834 PMCID: PMC5304980 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s117842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acid reflux in the esophagus plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The G-protein coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) has been associated with the development of gastrointestinal cancer. However, little is known regarding the role of TGR5 in esophageal carcinoma and precancerous lesions. We analyzed genomic DNA from 116 EACs for copy number aberrations via Affymetrix SNP6.0 microarrays. The TGR5 gene locus was amplified in 12.7% (14/116) of the EACs. The TGR5 protein expression was also assessed using immunohistochemistry from tissue microarrays, including Barrett’s esophagus (BE), low-(LGD) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD), columnar cell metaplasia (CM), squamous epithelium (SE), EAC and squamous cell carcinoma. The TGR5 protein was highly expressed in 71% of EAC (75/106), 100% of HGD (11/11), 72% of LGD (13/18), 66% of BE (23/35), 84% of CM (52/62), and 36% of SE (30/83). The patients with high expression of TGR5 exhibited significantly worse overall survival compared to the patients with nonhigh expression. TGR5 high expression was significantly increased in the males compared to the females in all cases with an odds ratio of 1.9 times. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) was significantly correlated with TGR5 expression. Our findings indicated that TGR5 may play an important role in the development and prognosis of EAC through a bile acid ligand. Gender differences in TGR5 and VDR expression may explain why males have a higher incidence of EAC compared to females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Pang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Amy LaLonde
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Tony E Godfrey
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Center for Human Development; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo C, Su J, Li Z, Xiao R, Wen J, Li Y, Zhang M, Zhang X, Yu D, Huang W, Chen WD, Wang YD. The G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor Gpbar1 (TGR5) suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration through antagonizing STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34402-13. [PMID: 26417930 PMCID: PMC4741461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gpbar1 (TGR5), a membrane-bound bile acid receptor, is well known for its roles in regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. Here we show that TGR5 is a suppressor of gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration through antagonizing STAT3 signaling pathway. We firstly show that TGR5 activation greatly inhibited proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cells and strongly induced gastric cancer cell apoptosis. We then found that TGR5 activation antagonized STAT3 signaling pathway through suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT3 and its transcription activity induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin-6. TGR5 overexpression with ligand treatment inhibited gene expression mediated by STAT3. It suggests that TGR5 antagonizes gastric cancer proliferation and migration at least in part by inhibiting STAT3 signaling. These findings identify TGR5 as a suppressor of gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration that may serve as an attractive therapeutic tool for human gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of basic medical science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of basic medical science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of basic medical science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Donna Yu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of basic medical science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim K, Lee YM, Rhyu MR, Kim HY. Spergularia marina induces glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells through bile acid receptor activation. J Med Food 2014; 17:1197-203. [PMID: 25260089 PMCID: PMC4224038 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spergularia marina Griseb. (SM) is a halophyte that grows in mud flats. The aerial portions of SM have been eaten as vegetables and traditionally used to prevent chronic diseases in Korea. However, there has been no scientific report that demonstrates the pharmacological effects of SM. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is important for the maintenance of glucose and energy homeostasis through acting as a signal in peripheral and neural systems. To discover a functional food for regulating glucose and energy homeostasis, we evaluated the effect of an aqueous ethanolic extract (AEE) of SM on GLP-1 release from enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells. In addition, we explored the Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) agonist activity of AEE-SM in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells transiently transfected with human TGR5. As a result, treatment of NCI-H716 cells with AEE-SM increased GLP-1 secretion and intracellular Ca(2+) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in a dose-dependent manner. Transfection of NCI-H716 cells with TGR5-specific small interference RNA inhibited AEE-SM-induced GLP-1 secretion and the increase in Ca(2+) and cAMP levels. Moreover, AEE-SM showed that the TGR5 agonist activity in CHO-K1 cells transiently transfected with TGR5. The results suggest that AEE-SM might be a candidate for a functional food to regulate glucose and energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Kim
- Research Group of Food Functionality, Division of Creative Food Science for Health, Korea Food Research Institute , Sungnam-si, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang X, Huang S, Gao M, Liu J, Jia X, Han Q, Zheng S, Miao Y, Li S, Weng H, Xia X, Du S, Wu W, Gustafsson JÅ, Guan Y. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) gene deficiency impairs urine concentration in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2277-82. [PMID: 24464484 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323977111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. FXR is mainly expressed in liver and small intestine, where it plays an important role in bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism. The kidney also has a high FXR expression level, with its physiological function unknown. Here we demonstrate that FXR is ubiquitously distributed in renal tubules. FXR agonist treatment significantly lowered urine volume and increased urine osmolality, whereas FXR knockout mice exhibited an impaired urine concentrating ability, which led to a polyuria phenotype. We further found that treatment of C57BL/6 mice with chenodeoxycholic acid, an FXR endogenous ligand, significantly up-regulated renal aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression, whereas FXR gene deficiency markedly reduced AQP2 expression levels in the kidney. In vitro studies showed that the AQP2 gene promoter contained a putative FXR response element site, which can be bound and activated by FXR, resulting in a significant increase of AQP2 transcription in cultured primary inner medullary collecting duct cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that FXR plays a critical role in the regulation of urine volume, and its activation increases urinary concentrating capacity mainly via up-regulating its target gene AQP2 expression in the collecting ducts.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang YD, Chen WD, Yu D, Forman BM, Huang W. The G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Gpbar1 (TGR5), negatively regulates hepatic inflammatory response through antagonizing nuclear factor κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in mice. Hepatology 2011; 54:1421-32. [PMID: 21735468 PMCID: PMC3184183 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gpbar1 (TGR5), a membrane-bound bile acid receptor, is well known for its roles in regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. TGR5 also displays strong attenuation of macrophage reactivity in vitro, but the physiological roles of TGR5 in inflammatory response, and its mechanism, is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TGR5 is a negative modulator of nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation. TGR5 activation suppresses the phosphorylation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα), the translocation of p65, NF-κB DNA-binding activity, and its transcription activity. Furthermore, TGR5 activation enhances the interaction of IκBα and β-arrestin2. Suppression of NF-κB transcription activity and its target gene expression by TGR5 agonist are specifically abolished by the expression of anti-β-arrestin2 small interfering RNA. These results show that TGR5 suppresses the NF-κB pathway by mediation of the interaction between IκBα and β-arrestin2. In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model, TGR5(-/-) mice show more severe liver necroses and inflammation, compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Activation of TGR5 by its agonist ligand inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to NF-κB activation induced by LPS in WT, but not TGR5(-/-), mouse liver. CONCLUSION These findings identify TGR5 as a negative mediator of inflammation that may serve as an attractive therapeutic tool for immune and inflammatory liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Dong Wang
- Department of Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hong J, Behar J, Wands J, Resnick M, Wang LJ, DeLellis RA, Lambeth D, Souza RF, Spechler SJ, Cao W. Role of a novel bile acid receptor TGR5 in the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut 2010; 59:170-80. [PMID: 19926617 PMCID: PMC3049934 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2009.188375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mechanisms of the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) are not fully understood. Bile acids may have an important role in this progression. This study aimed at examining the role of NADPH oxidase NOX5-S and a novel bile acid receptor TGR5 in taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA)-induced increase in cell proliferation. METHODS Human Barrett's cell line BAR-T and OA cell line FLO were transfected by the Lipofectamine 2000 or Amaxa-Nucleofector-System. mRNAs were measured by real-time PCR. H(2)O(2) was measured by a fluorescent assay. Cell proliferation was determined by measurement of thymidine incorporation. RESULTS NOX5-S was present in FLO cells. TDCA significantly increased NOX5-S expression, H(2)O(2) production and thymidine incorporation in FLO and BAR-T cells. This increase in thymidine incorporation was significantly reduced by knockdown of NOX5-S. TGR5 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in OA tissues than in normal oesophageal mucosa or Barrett's mucosa. Knockdown of TGR5 markedly inhibited TDCA-induced increase in NOX5-S expression, H(2)O(2) production and thymidine incorporation in FLO and BAR-T cells. Overexpression of TGR5 significantly enhanced the effects of TDCA in FLO cells. TGR5 receptors were coupled with Galphaq and Galphai3 proteins, but only Galphaq mediated TDCA-induced increase in NOX5-S expression, H(2)O(2) production and thymidine incorporation in FLO cells. CONCLUSIONS TDCA-induced increase in cell proliferation depends on upregulation of NOX5-S expression in BAR-T and FLO cells. TDCA-induced NOX5-S expression may be mediated by activation of the TGR5 receptor and Galphaq protein. These data may provide potential targets to prevent and/or treat Barrett's OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jose Behar
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jack Wands
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Murray Resnick
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Li Juan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ronald A. DeLellis
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - David Lambeth
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Rhonda F. Souza
- Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216
| | - Stuart J. Spechler
- Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216
| | - Weibiao Cao
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI,Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Bile acids are generated in the liver and are traditionally recognized for their regulatory role in multiple metabolic processes including bile acid homeostasis, nutrient absorption, and cholesterol homeostasis. Recently, bile acids emerged as signaling molecules that, as ligands for the bile acid receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and TGR5, activate and integrate multiple complex signaling pathways involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Bile acid sequestrants are pharmacologic molecules that bind to bile acids in the intestine resulting in the interruption of bile acid homeostasis and, consequently, reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemia. Bile acid sequestrants also reduce glucose levels and improve glycemic control in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This article examines the mechanisms by which bile acid-mediated activation of FXR and TGR5 signaling pathways regulate lipid and glucose metabolism and the potential implications for bile acid sequestrant-mediated regulation of lipid and glucose levels in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Staels
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue Calmette BP245, 59019 Lille cedex, France
| | - Yehuda Handelsman
- Metabolic Institute of America, 18372 Clark Street, #212, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA
| | - Vivian Fonseca
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL53, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA
| |
Collapse
|