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Karjalainen K, Tanska P, Collins KH, Herzog W, Korhonen RK, Moo EK. Independent and combined effects of obesity and traumatic joint injury to the structure and composition of rat knee cartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2024; 65:117-132. [PMID: 38530304 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2024.2310838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation. Risk factors for OA include joint trauma, obesity, and inflammation, each of which can affect joint health independently, but their interaction and the associated consequences of such interaction were largely unexplored. Here, we studied compositional and structural alterations in knee joint cartilages of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to two OA risk factors: joint injury and diet-induced obesity. Joint injury was imposed by surgical transection of anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLx), and obesity was induced by a high fat/high sucrose diet. Depth-dependent proteoglycan (PG) content and collagen structural network of cartilage were measured from histological sections collected previously in Collins et al.. (2015). We found that ACLx primarily affected the superficial cartilages. Compositionally, ACLx led to reduced PG content in lean animals, but increased PG content in obese rats. Structurally, ACLx caused disorganization of collagenous network in both lean and obese animals through increased collagen orientation in the superficial tissues and a change in the degree of fibrous alignment. However, the cartilage degradation attributed to joint injury and obesity was not necessarily additive when the two risk factors were present simultaneously, particularly for PG content and collagen orientation in the superficial tissues. Interestingly, sham surgeries caused a through-thickness disorganization of collagen network in lean and obese animals. We conclude that the interactions of multiple OA risk factors are complex and their combined effects cannot be understood by superposition principle. Further research is required to elucidate the interactive mechanism between OA subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Karjalainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Tanska
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kelsey H Collins
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Crosstalk, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eng Kuan Moo
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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Polzer S, Thompson S, Vittalbabu S, Ulu A, Carter D, Nordgren T, Eskandari M. MATLAB-Based Algorithm and Software for Analysis of Wavy Collagen Fibers. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:2108-2126. [PMID: 37992253 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of soft tissue fiber structure is necessary for accurate characterization and modeling of their mechanical response. Fiber configuration and structure informs both our understanding of healthy tissue physiology and of pathological processes resulting from diseased states. This study develops an automatic algorithm to simultaneously estimate fiber global orientation, abundance, and waviness in an investigated image. To our best knowledge, this is the first validated algorithm which can reliably separate fiber waviness from its global orientation for considerably wavy fibers. This is much needed feature for biological tissue characterization. The algorithm is based on incremental movement of local regions of interest (ROI) and analyzes two-dimensional images. Pixels belonging to the fiber are identified in the ROI, and ROI movement is determined according to local orientation of fiber within the ROI. The algorithm is validated with artificial images and ten images of porcine trachea containing wavy fibers. In each image, 80-120 fibers were tracked manually to serve as verification. The coefficient of determination R2 between curve lengths and histograms documenting the fiber waviness and global orientation were used as metrics for analysis. Verification-confirmed results were independent of image rotation and degree of fiber waviness, with curve length accuracy demonstrated to be below 1% of fiber curved length. Validation-confirmed median and interquartile range of R2, respectively, were 0.90 and 0.05 for curved length, 0.92 and 0.07 for waviness, and 0.96 and 0.04 for global orientation histograms. Software constructed from the proposed algorithm was able to track one fiber in about 1.1 s using a typical office computer. The proposed algorithm can reliably and accurately estimate fiber waviness, curve length, and global orientation simultaneously, moving beyond the limitations of prior methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Polzer
- Department of Applied Mechanics, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17.listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Thompson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Swathi Vittalbabu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Arzu Ulu
- BREATHE Center School of Medicine, University of California at Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside CA 92521USA
| | - David Carter
- Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Tara Nordgren
- BREATHE Center School of Medicine, University of California at Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside CA 92521USA
| | - Mona Eskandari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside CA 92521, USA
- BREATHE Center School of Medicine, University of California at Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside CA 92521USA
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Fernandez JL, Årbogen S, Sadeghinia MJ, Haram M, Snipstad S, Torp SH, Einen C, Mühlenpfordt M, Maardalen M, Vikedal K, Davies CDL. A Comparative Analysis of Orthotopic and Subcutaneous Pancreatic Tumour Models: Tumour Microenvironment and Drug Delivery. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5415. [PMID: 38001675 PMCID: PMC10670202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenging malignancy, mainly due to its resistance to chemotherapy and its complex tumour microenvironment characterised by stromal desmoplasia. There is a need for new strategies to improve the delivery of drugs and therapeutic response. Relevant preclinical tumour models are needed to test potential treatments. This paper compared orthotopic and subcutaneous PDAC tumour models and their suitability for drug delivery studies. A novel aspect was the broad range of tumour properties that were studied, including tumour growth, histopathology, functional vasculature, perfusion, immune cell infiltration, biomechanical characteristics, and especially the extensive analysis of the structure and the orientation of the collagen fibres in the two tumour models. The study unveiled new insights into how these factors impact the uptake of a fluorescent model drug, the macromolecule called 800CW. While the orthotopic model offered a more clinically relevant microenvironment, the subcutaneous model offered advantages for drug delivery studies, primarily due to its reproducibility, and it was characterised by a more efficient drug uptake facilitated by its collagen organisation and well-perfused vasculature. The tumour uptake seemed to be influenced mainly by the structural organisation and the alignment of the collagen fibres and perfusion. Recognising the diverse characteristics of these models and their multifaceted impacts on drug delivery is crucial for designing clinically relevant experiments and improving our understanding of pancreatic cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lage Fernandez
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.Å.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (K.V.); (C.d.L.D.)
| | - Sara Årbogen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.Å.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (K.V.); (C.d.L.D.)
| | - Mohammad Javad Sadeghinia
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Margrete Haram
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (M.H.); (S.H.T.)
- Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sofie Snipstad
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.Å.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (K.V.); (C.d.L.D.)
- Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sverre Helge Torp
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (M.H.); (S.H.T.)
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Caroline Einen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.Å.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (K.V.); (C.d.L.D.)
| | - Melina Mühlenpfordt
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.Å.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (K.V.); (C.d.L.D.)
- EXACT Therapeutics, 0581 Oslo, Norway
| | - Matilde Maardalen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.Å.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (K.V.); (C.d.L.D.)
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3NP, UK
| | - Krister Vikedal
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.Å.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (K.V.); (C.d.L.D.)
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Catharina de Lange Davies
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.Å.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (K.V.); (C.d.L.D.)
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Li H, Tian J, Cao H, Tang Y, Huang F, Yang Z. Preparation of Enzyme-Soluble Swim Bladder Collagen from Sea Eel ( Muraenesox cinereus) and Evaluation Its Wound Healing Capacity. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:525. [PMID: 37888460 PMCID: PMC10608547 DOI: 10.3390/md21100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present research, the enzyme-facilitated collagen from sea eel (Muraenesox cinereus) swim bladder was isolated, and the collagen characteristics were analyzed. Then, the collagen sponge was prepared and its potential mechanism in promoting skin wound healing in mice was further investigated. Collagen was obtained from the swim bladder of sea eels employing the pepsin extraction technique. Single-factor experiments served as the basis for the response surface method (RSM) to optimize pepsin concentration, solid-liquid ratio, and hydrolysis period. With a pepsin concentration of 2067 U/g, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:83 g/mL, and a hydrolysis period of 10 h, collagen extraction achieved a yield of 93.76%. The physicochemical analysis revealed that the extracted collagen belonged to type I collagen, and the collagen sponge displayed a fibrous structure under electron microscopy. Furthermore, in comparison to the control group, mice treated with collagen sponge dressing exhibited elevated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The collagen sponge dressing effectively alleviated inflammation in the wound area, facilitating efficient repair and rapid healing of the skin tissue. During the initial phase of wound healing, the group treated with collagen sponge dressing exhibited an enhancement in the expressions of cluster of differentiation (CD)31, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and type I collagen, leading to an accelerated rate of wound healing. In addition, this collagen sponge dressing could also downregulate the expressions of CD31, EGF, and type I collagen to prevent scar formation in the later stage. Moreover, this collagen treatment minimized oxidative damage and inflammation during skin wound healing and facilitated blood vessel formation in the wound. Consequently, it exhibits significant potential as an ideal material for the development of a skin wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fangfang Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (H.L.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Zuisu Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (H.L.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
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5
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He L, Cao Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Han L, Yu Q, Zhang L. Synergistic modification of collagen structure using ionic liquid and ultrasound to promote the production of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:4603-4613. [PMID: 36860123 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual modification of collagen was performed using ionic liquid (IL) and ultrasound (US) to modulate the activity of collagen hydrolyzed peptides and reveal the production mechanism of cowhide-derived dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides. RESULTS The results revealed that dual modification (IL + US) significantly improved the hydrolytic degree of collagen (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, IL and US tended to promote the break of hydrogen bonds, but inhibit the crosslinking between collagens. The double modification reduced the thermal stability and accelerated the exposure of tyrosine and phenylalanine of collagen, and improved the proportion of small molecular (< 1 kDa) peptides in collagen hydrolysates. Interestingly, the hydrophobic amino acid residues and DPP-IV inhibitory activity of collagen peptides with small molecular weight (< 1 kDa) was increased further under the combination of IL and US. CONCLUSION Enhanced hypoglycemic activity of collagen peptides can be attained through the dual modification of IL and US. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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6
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Holl J, Pawlukianiec C, Corton Ruiz J, Groth D, Grubczak K, Hady HR, Dadan J, Reszec J, Czaban S, Kowalewski C, Moniuszko M, Eljaszewicz A. Skin Substitute Preparation Method Induces Immunomodulatory Changes in Co-Incubated Cells through Collagen Modification. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2164. [PMID: 34959443 PMCID: PMC8705760 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ulcerative and hard-healing wounds are a growing global concern. Skin substitutes, including acellular dermal matrices (ADMs), have shown beneficial effects in healing processes. Presently, the vast majority of currently available ADMs are processed from xenobiotic or cadaveric skin. Here we propose a novel strategy for ADM preparation from human abdominoplasty-derived skin. Skin was processed using three different methods of decellularization involving the use of ionic detergent (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS, in hADM 1), non-ionic detergent (Triton X-100 in hADM 2), and a combination of recombinant trypsin and Triton X-100 (in hADM 3). We next evaluated the immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties of this novel hADM by using an in vitro model of peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture, flow cytometry, and cytokine assays. We found that similarly sourced but differentially processed hADMs possess distinct immunogenicity. hADM 1 showed no immunogenic effects as evidenced by low T cell proliferation and no significant change in cytokine profile. In contrast, hADMs 2 and 3 showed relatively higher immunogenicity. Moreover, our novel hADMs exerted no effect on T cell composition after three-day of coincubation. However, we observed significant changes in the composition of monocytes, indicating their maturation toward a phenotype possessing anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties. Taken together, we showed here that abdominoplasty skin is suitable for hADM manufacturing. More importantly, the use of SDS-based protocols for the purposes of dermal matrix decellularization allows for the preparation of non-immunogenic scaffolds with high therapeutic potential. Despite these encouraging results, further studies are needed to evaluate the beneficial effects of our hADM 1 on deep and hard-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Holl
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (J.H.); (C.P.); (J.C.R.); (D.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Cezary Pawlukianiec
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (J.H.); (C.P.); (J.C.R.); (D.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Javier Corton Ruiz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (J.H.); (C.P.); (J.C.R.); (D.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Dawid Groth
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (J.H.); (C.P.); (J.C.R.); (D.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (J.H.); (C.P.); (J.C.R.); (D.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Hady Razak Hady
- 1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (H.R.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Jacek Dadan
- 1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (H.R.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Joanna Reszec
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Slawomir Czaban
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Cezary Kowalewski
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (J.H.); (C.P.); (J.C.R.); (D.G.); (K.G.)
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (J.H.); (C.P.); (J.C.R.); (D.G.); (K.G.)
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Zemmyo D, Yamamoto M, Miyata S. Efficient Decellularization by Application of Moderate High Hydrostatic Pressure with Supercooling Pretreatment. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:1486. [PMID: 34945339 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized tissues are considered superior scaffolds for cell cultures, preserving the microstructure of native tissues and delivering many kinds of cytokines. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment could remove cells physically from biological tissues rather than chemical methods. However, there are some risks of inducing destruction or denaturation of extracellular matrices (ECMs) at an ultrahigh level of HHP. Therefore, efficient decellularization using moderate HHP is required to remove almost all cells simultaneously to suppress tissue damage. In this study, we proposed a novel decellularization method using a moderate HHP with supercooling pretreatment. To validate the decellularization method, a supercooling device was developed to incubate human dermal fibroblasts or collagen gels in a supercooled state. The cell suspension and collagen gels were subjected to 100, 150, and 200 MPa of HHP after supercooling pretreatment, respectively. After applying HHP, the viability and morphology of the cells and the collagen network structure of the gels were evaluated. The viability of cells decreased dramatically after HHP application with supercooling pretreatment, whereas the microstructures of collagen gels were preserved and cell adhesivity was retained after HHP application. In conclusion, it was revealed that supercooling pretreatment promoted the denaturation of the cell membrane to improve the efficacy of decellularization using static application of moderate HHP. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the HHP with supercooling pretreatment did not degenerate and damage the microstructure in collagen gels.
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Xu H, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Lu S, Niu Y, Dong J, Jin S, Song F, Cao X, Qing C, Tian M, Liu Y. Fractal analysis of rat dermal tissue in the different injury states. Int Wound J 2021; 19:1016-1022. [PMID: 34617391 PMCID: PMC9284641 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scar formation and chronic ulcers can develop following a skin injury. They are the result of the over- or underproduction of collagen. It is very important to evaluate the quality and quantity of the collagen that is produced during wound healing, especially with respect to its structure, as these factors are very important to a complicated outcome. However, there is no standard way to quantitatively analyse dermal collagen. As prior work characterised some potentially fractal properties of collagen, it was hypothesised that collagen structure could be evaluated with fractal dimension analysis. Small-angle X-ray scattering technology (SAXS) was used to evaluate the dermis of rats exposed to graft harvest, burn, and diabetic pathologic states. It was found that almost all collagen structures could be quantitatively measured with fractal dimension analysis. Further, there were significant differences in the three-dimensional (3-D) structure of normal collagen versus that measured in pathologic tissues. There was a significant difference in the 3-D structure of collagen at different stages of healing. The findings of this work suggest that fractal analysis is a good tool for wound healing analysis, and that quantitative collagen analysis is very useful for assessing the structure of dermal collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Xu
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,The department of plastic surgery, Shanghai 9th Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingde Zhang
- The department of plastic surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhi Jiang
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Niu
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyun Dong
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Jin
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozan Cao
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Qing
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Tian
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingkai Liu
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Tian F, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Lu S, Yang J, Cao Y. Can fractal dimension analysis be used in quantitating collagen structure? Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1825-1828. [PMID: 34161636 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that collagen tissue, especially the collagen structure, plays an important role in wound healing. However, most research on collagen has been qualitative and morphological, based on sections, and cannot be used for real-time monitoring and clinical prediction. There are no standardized methods of quantitative analysis based on the whole skin sample in three dimensions (3-D). In order to explore a 3-D quantitative analysis, we developed a method that was derived from that of material science and physics, combined with our previous technique, X-ray scattering (SAXS). We hypothesized that the dermis might be analysed by fractal dimensions. To test this hypothesis, we performed the analysis in different pathological conditions, such as scar tissue, different time points after wounding, skin in different degrees of burns and skin in diabetes. The results showed that fractal dimension analysis could detect differences in different locations of the scar tissue, at different time points after wounding, and at a different extent of the severity of skin in diabetes. The research demonstrated that fractal dimension analysis can describe the 3-D structure of the collagen tissue of the skin, which will be beneficial for studying wound healing and finding new clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Burns Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhi Jiang
- Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Burns Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Burns Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfei Yang
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sokolis DP. Variation of Passive Biomechanical Properties of the Small Intestine along Its Length: Microstructure-Based Characterization. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:32. [PMID: 33652760 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiaxial testing of the small intestinal wall is critical for understanding its biomechanical properties and defining material models, but limited data and material models are available. The aim of the present study was to develop a microstructure-based material model for the small intestine and test whether there was a significant variation in the passive biomechanical properties along the length of the organ. Rat tissue was cut into eight segments that underwent inflation/extension testing, and their nonlinearly hyper-elastic and anisotropic response was characterized by a fiber-reinforced model. Extensive parametric analysis showed a non-significant contribution to the model of the isotropic matrix and circumferential-fiber family, leading also to severe over-parameterization. Such issues were not apparent with the reduced neo-Hookean and (axial and diagonal)-fiber family model, that provided equally accurate fitting results. Absence from the model of either the axial or diagonal-fiber families led to ill representations of the force- and pressure-diameter data, respectively. The primary direction of anisotropy, designated by the estimated orientation angle of diagonal-fiber families, was about 35° to the axial direction, corroborating prior microscopic observations of submucosal collagen-fiber orientation. The estimated model parameters varied across and within the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, corroborating histologically assessed segmental differences in layer thicknesses.
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Zhang Y, Mehta M, Mansel BW, Ng HW, Liu Y, Holmes G, Le Ru EC, Prabakar S. Anion-regulated binding selectivity of Cr(III) in collagen. Biopolymers 2020; 111:e23406. [PMID: 33135776 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present a mechanism for the selectivity of covalent/electrostatic binding of the Cr(III) ion to collagen, mediated by the kosmotropicity of the anions. Although a change in the long-range ordered structure of collagen is observed after covalent binding (Cr(III)-OOC) in the presence of SO4 2- at pH 4.5, the νsym (COO- ) band remains intense, suggesting a relatively lower propensity for the Cr(III) to bind covalently instead of electrostatically through Cr(H2 O)6 3+ . Replacing SO4 2- with Cl- reduces the kosmotropic effect which further favors the electrostatic binding of Cr(III) to collagen. Our findings allow a greater understanding of mechanism-specific metal binding in the collagen molecule. We also report for the first time, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to analyze binding mechanisms in collagen, suggesting a novel way to study chemical modifications in collagen-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Megha Mehta
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Bradley W Mansel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Hon Wei Ng
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yang Liu
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Holmes
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Eric C Le Ru
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sujay Prabakar
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Zhang Y, Buchanan J, Naffa R, Mansel B, Maidment C, Holmes G, Prabakar S. In situ structural studies during denaturation of natural and synthetically crosslinked collagen using synchrotron SAXS. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:1376-1381. [PMID: 32876615 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520009479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is an important biomacromolecule, making up the majority of the extracellular matrix in animal tissues. Naturally occurring crosslinks in collagen stabilize its intermolecular structure in vivo, whereas chemical treatments for introducing synthetic crosslinks are often carried out ex vivo to improve the physical properties or heat stability of the collagen fibres for applications in biomaterials or leather production. Effective protection of intrinsic natural crosslinks as well as allowing them to contribute to collagen stability together with synthetic crosslinks can reduce the need for chemical treatments. However, the contribution of these natural crosslinks to the heat stability of collagen fibres, especially in the presence of synthetic crosslinks, is as yet unknown. Using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering, the in situ role of natural and synthetic crosslinks on the stabilization of the intermolecular structure of collagen in skins was studied. The results showed that, although natural crosslinks affected the denaturation temperature of collagen, they were largely weakened when crosslinked using chromium sulfate. The development of synergistic crosslinking chemistries could help retain the intrinsic chemical and physical properties of collagen-based biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, PO Box 8094, Palmerston North 4446, New Zealand
| | - Jenna Buchanan
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, PO Box 8094, Palmerston North 4446, New Zealand
| | - Rafea Naffa
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, PO Box 8094, Palmerston North 4446, New Zealand
| | - Bradley Mansel
- Chemical Engineering Building, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Guangfu Road, East District, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Catherine Maidment
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, PO Box 8094, Palmerston North 4446, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Holmes
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, PO Box 8094, Palmerston North 4446, New Zealand
| | - Sujay Prabakar
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, PO Box 8094, Palmerston North 4446, New Zealand
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Dozza B, Lesci IG, Duchi S, Della Bella E, Martini L, Salamanna F, Falconi M, Cinotti S, Fini M, Lucarelli E, Donati D. When size matters: differences in demineralized bone matrix particles affect collagen structure, mesenchymal stem cell behavior, and osteogenic potential. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1019-1033. [PMID: 27943619 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a natural, collagen-based, osteoinductive biomaterial. Nevertheless, there are conflicting reports on the efficacy of this product. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether DBM collagen structure is affected by particle size and can influence DBM cytocompatibility and osteoinductivity. Sheep cortical bone was ground and particles were divided in three fractions with different sizes, defined as large (L, 1-2 mm), medium (M, 0.5-1 mm), and small (S, <0.5 mm). After demineralization, the chemical-physical analysis clearly showed a particle size-dependent alteration in collagen structure, with DBM-M being altered but not as much as DBM-S. DBM-M displayed a preferable trend in almost all biological characteristics tested, although all DBM particles revealed an optimal cytocompatibility. Subcutaneous implantation of DBM particles into immunocompromised mice resulted in bone induction only for DBM-M. When sheep MSC were seeded onto particles before implantation, all DBM particles were able to induce new bone formation with the best incidence for DBM-M and DBM-S. In conclusion, the collagen alteration in DBM-M is likely the best condition to promote bone induction in vivo. Furthermore, the choice of 0.5-1 mm particles may enable to obtain more efficient and consistent results among different research groups in bone tissue-engineering applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1019-1033, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dozza
- Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via G. C. Pupilli 1, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - I G Lesci
- WAPH Technology Corp. 1920 N Commerce Parkway, Weston, Florida, 33326
| | - S Duchi
- Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - E Della Bella
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - L Martini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - F Salamanna
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - M Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Division of Human Anatomy, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - S Cinotti
- Cell Culture Centre, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 9, Brescia, 25124, Italy
| | - M Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - E Lucarelli
- Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - D Donati
- Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via G. C. Pupilli 1, Bologna, 40136, Italy
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Reboredo JW, Weigel T, Steinert A, Rackwitz L, Rudert M, Walles H. Investigation of Migration and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Five-Layered Collagenous Electrospun Scaffold Mimicking Native Cartilage Structure. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2191-8. [PMID: 27185494 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage degeneration is the major cause of chronic pain, lost mobility, and reduced quality of life for over estimated 150 million osteoarthritis sufferers worldwide. Despite intensive research, none of the available therapies can restore the hyaline cartilage surface beyond just fibrous repair. To overcome these limitations, numerous cell-based approaches for cartilage repair are being explored that aim to provide an appropriate microenvironment for chondrocyte maintenance and differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward the chondrogenic lineage. Articular cartilage is composed of highly organized collagen network that entails the tissue into four distinct zones and each zone into three different regions based on differences in matrix morphology and biochemistry. Current cartilage implants cannot establish the hierarchical tissue organization that seems critical for normal cartilage function. Therefore, in this study, a structured, multilayered collagen scaffold designed for the replacement of damaged cartilage is presented that allows repopulation by host cells and synthesis of a new natural matrix. By using the electrospinning method, the potential to engineer a scaffold consisting of two different collagen types is obtained. With the developed collagen scaffold, a five-layered biomaterial is created that has the potency to induce the differentiation of human bone marrow derived MSCs toward the chondrogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny W. Reboredo
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Tobias Weigel
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andre Steinert
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research; Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg; Brettreichstraße 11 Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Lars Rackwitz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research; Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg; Brettreichstraße 11 Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research; Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg; Brettreichstraße 11 Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
- Translational Center Würzburg “Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases” Würzburg Branch; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
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Abstract
The main features of the triple helical structure of collagen were deduced in the mid-1950s from fibre X-ray diffraction of tendons. Yet, the resulting models only could offer an average description of the molecular conformation. A critical advance came about 20 years later with the chemical synthesis of sufficiently long and homogeneous peptides with collagen-like sequences. The availability of these collagen model peptides resulted in a large number of biochemical, crystallographic and NMR studies that have revolutionized our understanding of collagen structure. High-resolution crystal structures from collagen model peptides have provided a wealth of data on collagen conformational variability, interaction with water, collagen stability or the effects of interruptions. Furthermore, a large increase in the number of structures of collagen model peptides in complex with domains from receptors or collagen-binding proteins has shed light on the mechanisms of collagen recognition. In recent years, collagen biochemistry has escaped the boundaries of natural collagen sequences. Detailed knowledge of collagen structure has opened the field for protein engineers who have used chemical biology approaches to produce hyperstable collagens with unnatural residues, rationally designed collagen heterotrimers, self-assembling collagen peptides, etc. This review summarizes our current understanding of the structure of the collagen triple helical domain (COL×3) and gives an overview of some of the new developments in collagen molecular engineering aiming to produce novel collagen-based materials with superior properties.
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Motavalli M, Akkus O, Mansour JM. Depth-dependent shear behavior of bovine articular cartilage: relationship to structure. J Anat 2014; 225:519-26. [PMID: 25146377 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical behavior of bovine articular cartilage in shear was measured and related to its structure through the depth of the tissue. To make these measurements, we designed an apparatus that could apply controlled shear displacement and measure the resulting shear force on cartilage specimens. Shear displacement and shear strain were obtained from confocal images of photobleached lines on fluorescently stained deformed samples. Depth-dependent collagen structure was obtained using compensated polarized light microscopy. Depth-dependent shear behavior and structure of samples from two animals were measured (group A and B). Both animals were 18-24 months old, which is the range in which they are expected reach skeletal maturity. In mature samples (group A), the stiffest region was located beneath the superficial zone, and the most compliant region was found in the radial zone. In contrast, in samples that were in the process of maturing (group B) the most compliant region was located in the superficial zone. Compensated polarized light microscopy suggested that the animal from which the group A samples were obtained was skeletally mature, whereas the animal yielding the group B samples was in the process of maturing. Compensated polarized light microscopy was an important adjunct to the mechanical shear behavior in that it provided a means to reconcile differences in observed shear behavior in mature and immature cartilage. Although samples were harvested from two animals, there were clear differences in structure and shear mechanical behavior. Differences in the depth-dependent shear strain were consistent with previous studies on mature and immature samples and, based on the structural variation between mature and immature articular cartilage, their mechanical behavior differences can be tenable. These results suggest that age, as well as species and anatomic location, need to be considered when reporting mechanical behavior results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Motavalli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Kim YH, Jin KH, Kim JH, Park DJ, Choi S, Park HK. Molecular and chemical investigations and comparisons of biomaterials for ocular surface regeneration. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 77:183-8. [PMID: 24357544 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated and compared the ultrastructural and chemical properties of representative biomaterials for ocular surface regeneration: a human amniotic membrane (AM) in a basal plate, a human AM in reflected chorion, a preserved AM, and a human corneo-scleral tissue. Assessments of the morphological differences in the extracellular matrices were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome (for total collagen), and picrosirius-red (for newly synthesized collagen) staining. Assessments of the changes in the molecular structures and chemical compositions of the biomaterials for ocular surface regeneration were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy. A placental AM (52 %) was a dense and thick collagenous structure compared to a reflected AM (23 %). The spectroscopy did not obtain any structural information for a preserved AM. The cornea group (100 %, control) and sclera group (104 %) showed the collagen lamellae and interfibrillar spacing, and a slight inflammatory reaction with more fibrous and granulomatous tissues. There was a formation of newly synthesized collagen in a placental AM, while there were few collagen components in a reflected AM. Human AM tissues showed consistent Raman spectra and the characteristic collagen bands, similar to the corneal and scleral tissues. Therefore, these findings suggest that human placental AM and reflected AM are structurally suitable for scleral and corneal surface regeneration, respectively, while human placental or preserved AM and reflected AM are molecularly and chemically suitable for corneal and scleral surface regeneration, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Kyonggi-do, 480-717, Korea
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Mittelstaedt D, Xia Y, Shmelyov A, Casciani N, Bidthanapally A. Quantitative determination of morphological and territorial structures of articular cartilage from both perpendicular and parallel sections by polarized light microscopy. Connect Tissue Res 2011; 52:512-22. [PMID: 21787136 PMCID: PMC3674864 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2011.595521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the three-dimensional structure of the collagen fibrils in articular cartilage, full-thickness canine humeral cartilage was microtomed into perpendicular sections that included both the articular surface and the subchondral bone and approximately 100 successive parallel sections that were each 6 microm thick and from a different cartilage depth. Each section was imaged using polarized light microscopy with a 5x objective (2.0 microm pixel size), generating two quantitative images (angle and retardation). Selected sections were also imaged using a 40x objective (0.25 microm pixel size). At an increased depth from the articular surface, the angle and retardation results in the perpendicular sections showed the well-known 90 degrees change in fibril orientation between the surface and the deep cartilage. In contrast, the retardation results of the parallel sections decreased from the articular surface and remained approximately 0 through most of the radial zones, while the angle results of the parallel sections only changed about 30 degrees. The territorial matrix morphology surrounding 61 chondrocyte clusters was quantified by its length, aspect ratio, and orientation. The cellular clusters in the surface cartilage were ellipsoidal in both parallel and perpendicular sections. In the radial zone, the cellular clusters were oriented in vertical columns in the perpendicular sections and as circular groupings in the parallel sections. This orthogonal imaging technique could provide a better understanding of the three-dimensional territorial and interterritorial fibrils in articular cartilage, the disturbance of which could signify the onset of degenerative cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mittelstaedt
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Alex Shmelyov
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Nick Casciani
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Aruna Bidthanapally
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Abstract
Heart valves (HVs) are cardiac structures whose physiological function is to ensure directed blood flow through the heart over the cardiac cycle. While primarily passive structures that are driven by forces exerted by the surrounding blood and heart, this description does not adequately describe their elegant and complex biomechanical function. Moreover, they must replicate their cyclic function over an entire lifetime, with an estimated total functional demand of least 3x10(9) cycles. As in many physiological systems, one can approach HV biomechanics from a multi-length-scale approach, since mechanical stimuli occur and have biological impact at the organ, tissue and cellular scales. The present review focuses on the functional biomechanics of HVs. Specifically, we refer to the unique aspects of valvular function, and how the mechanical and mechanobiological behaviours of the constituent biological materials (e.g. extracellular matrix proteins and cells) achieve this remarkable feat. While we focus on the work from the authors' respective laboratories, the works of most investigators known to the authors have been included whenever appropriate. We conclude with a summary and underscore important future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Sacks
- Engineered Tissue Mechanics and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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