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Cheng KC, Chiu YL, Tsai CL, Hsu YL, Tsai YJ. Fatigue Affects Body Acceleration During Vertical Jumping and Agility Tasks in Elite Young Badminton Players. Sports Health 2024:19417381241245908. [PMID: 38634629 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241245908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Badminton is a sport demanding both high aerobic and anaerobic fitness levels, and fatigue can significantly impact game performance. However, relevant studies are limited, and none have employed a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) to investigate the effects of fatigue on athletic performance in the field. HYPOTHESIS Overall performance and body acceleration in both time and frequency domains during the fundamental badminton skills of vertical jumping and changes of direction will be affected by fatigue. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS A total of 38 young badminton players competing at the Division I level participated. Body accelerations while performing vertical jump and agility-T tests before and immediately after undergoing a fatigue protocol were measured by an IMU, positioned at the L4 to L5 level. RESULTS Jumping height decreased significantly by 4 cm (P < 0.01) after fatigue with greater downward acceleration (1.03 m/s2, P < 0.05) during the squatting subphase. Finishing time increased significantly by 50 ms only during the 10-m side-shuffling of the agility-T test (P = 0.02) after fatigue with greater peak and mean accelerations (3.83 m/s2, P = 0.04; 0.43 m/s2, P < 0.01), and higher median and mean frequency (0.38 Hz, P = 0.04, 0.11 Hz, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION This study using a wearable IMU demonstrates the effects of fatigue on body acceleration in badminton players. The frequency-domain analysis further indicated that fatigue might lead to loss of voluntary control of active muscles and increased impacts on the passive elastic elements. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings imply that fatigue can lead to diminished athletic performance and highlight the potential for an increased risk of sports injuries. Consequently, maintaining precision in monitoring fatigue is crucial for elite young badminton players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chia Cheng
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lan Chiu
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Chung Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Chung Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Hsu
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Chung Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Physical Therapy Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Jiang X, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Li B, Zhang L. Epileptic seizures detection and the analysis of optimal seizure prediction horizon based on frequency and phase analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1191683. [PMID: 37260846 PMCID: PMC10228742 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1191683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the frequency composition of the human electroencephalogram are associated with the transitions to epileptic seizures. Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) is a measure of neural oscillations in different frequency bands and brain areas, and specifically phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), a form of CFC, can be used to characterize these dynamic transitions. In this study, we propose a method for seizure detection and prediction based on frequency domain analysis and PAC combined with machine learning. We analyzed two databases, the Siena Scalp EEG database and the CHB-MIT database, and used the frequency features and modulation index (MI) for time-dependent quantification. The extracted features were fed to a random forest classifier for classification and prediction. The seizure prediction horizon (SPH) was also analyzed based on the highest-performing band to maximize the time for intervention and treatment while ensuring the accuracy of the prediction. Under comprehensive consideration, the results demonstrate that better performance could be achieved at an interval length of 5 min with an average accuracy of 85.71% and 95.87% for the Siena Scalp EEG database and the CHB-MIT database, respectively. As for the adult database, the combination of PAC analysis and classification can be of significant help for seizure detection and prediction. It suggests that the rarely used SPH also has a major impact on seizure detection and prediction and further explorations for the application of PAC are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximiao Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Department of Dynamics and Control, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Department of Dynamics and Control, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Wen H, Chen Z, Zheng J, Huang Y, Li S, Ma L, Lin Y, Liu Z, Li R, Liu L, Lin W, Yang J, Zhang C, Yang H. Design and Embedded Implementation of Secure Image Encryption Scheme Using DWT and 2D-LASM. Entropy (Basel) 2022; 24:1332. [PMID: 37420352 DOI: 10.3390/e24101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to further improve the information effectiveness of digital image transmission, an image-encryption algorithm based on 2D-Logistic-adjusted-Sine map (2D-LASM) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is proposed. First, a dynamic key with plaintext correlation is generated using Message-Digest Algorithm 5 (MD5), and 2D-LASM chaos is generated based on the key to obtain a chaotic pseudo-random sequence. Secondly, we perform DWT on the plaintext image to map the image from the time domain to the frequency domain and decompose the low-frequency (LF) coefficient and high-frequency (HF) coefficient. Then, the chaotic sequence is used to encrypt the LF coefficient with the structure of "confusion-permutation". We perform the permutation operation on HF coefficient, and we reconstruct the image of the processed LF coefficient and HF coefficient to obtain the frequency-domain ciphertext image. Finally, the ciphertext is dynamically diffused using the chaotic sequence to obtain the final ciphertext. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments show that the algorithm has a large key space and can effectively resist various attacks. Compared with the spatial-domain algorithms, this algorithm has great advantages in terms of computational complexity, security performance, and encryption efficiency. At the same time, it provides better concealment of the encrypted image while ensuring the encryption efficiency compared to existing frequency-domain methods. The successful implementation on the embedded device in the optical network environment verifies the experimental feasibility of this algorithm in the new network application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Wen
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zefeng Chen
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Jiehong Zheng
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Linchao Ma
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yiting Lin
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Linhao Liu
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Wenxing Lin
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Jieyi Yang
- School of Electronic Information, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Chongfu Zhang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Huaide Yang
- School of Electronic Information, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan 523808, China
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Wu MT, Liu IF, Tzeng YH, Wang L. Modified photoplethysmography signal processing and analysis procedure for obtaining reliable stiffness index reflecting arteriosclerosis severity. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35927978 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac7d91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.This study aimed to describe a modified photoplethysmography (PPG) signal processing and analysis procedure to obtain a more reliable arterial stiffness index (SI).Approach.Three parameters were used to assess the PPG signal quality without prominent diastolic waves, which are similar to a sinusoidal waveform shape. The first parameter, sinusoidal ratio (S-value), was based on frequency-domain analysis: a higher S-value indicated the presence of PPG pulse wave with unapparent diastolic peak. The second parameter was the time difference between systolic peak-to-diastolic peak and the systolic peak-to-dicrotic notch. The third parameter was the percentage of sin-like waveform in the PPG signals. The applicability of these parameters was demonstrated in 40 participants, including 11 with apparent diastolic peaks in the PPG signals and 29 with unapparent diastolic peaks.Main results.An S-value of >3.5 indicated apparent diastolic peaks in the PPG signals. In addition, a systolic peak-to-diastolic peak time difference >80% and a sin-like waveform >55% may be associated with severity of vascular aging.Significance.These parameters successfully detected low-quality PPG signals with unapparent diastolic waveform before SI calculation, thereby ensuring the accuracy of subsequent evaluation of cardiovascular-related disease and clinical risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Wu
- Ph.D. Program of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Fan Liu
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Tzeng
- Division of Advanced Medical Imaging, Health Management Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Molina-Rodríguez S, Mirete-Fructuoso M, Martínez LM, Ibañez-Ballesteros J. Frequency-domain analysis of fNIRS fluctuations induced by rhythmic mental arithmetic. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14063. [PMID: 35394075 PMCID: PMC9540762 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an increasingly used technology for imaging neural correlates of cognitive processes. However, fNIRS signals are commonly impaired by task‐evoked and spontaneous hemodynamic oscillations of non‐cerebral origin, a major challenge in fNIRS research. In an attempt to isolate the task‐evoked cortical response, we investigated the coupling between hemodynamic changes arising from superficial and deep layers during mental effort. For this aim, we applied a rhythmic mental arithmetic task to induce cyclic hemodynamic fluctuations suitable for effective frequency‐resolved measurements. Twenty university students aged 18–25 years (eight males) underwent the task while hemodynamic changes were monitored in the forehead using a newly developed NIRS device, capable of multi‐channel and multi‐distance recordings. We found significant task‐related fluctuations for oxy‐ and deoxy‐hemoglobin, highly coherent across shallow and deep tissue layers, corroborating the strong influence of surface hemodynamics on deep fNIRS signals. Importantly, after removing such surface contamination by linear regression, we show that the frontopolar cortex response to a mental math task follows an unusual inverse oxygenation pattern. We confirm this finding by applying for the first time an alternative method to estimate the neural signal, based on transfer function analysis and phasor algebra. Altogether, our results demonstrate the feasibility of using a rhythmic mental task to impose an oscillatory state useful to separate true brain functional responses from those of non‐cerebral origin. This separation appears to be essential for a better understanding of fNIRS data and to assess more precisely the dynamics of the neuro‐visceral link. We proposed the use of rhythmic mental arithmetic tasks to induce cyclic oscillations in multi‐distance fNIRS signals measured on the forehead, suitable for effective frequency‐domain analysis to better identify the actual neural functional response. We confirm the impairment of deep signals by task‐evoked non‐cerebral confounds, while providing evidence for an inverse oxygenation response in the frontopolar cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Molina-Rodríguez
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Spanish National Research Council-Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marcos Mirete-Fructuoso
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Spanish National Research Council-Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis M Martínez
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Spanish National Research Council-Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
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Perpetuini D, Formenti D, Iodice P, Cardone D, Filippini C, Chiarelli AM, Michielon G, Trecroci A, Alberti G, Merla A. Central and Peripheral Thermal Signatures of Brain-Derived Fatigue during Unilateral Resistance Exercise: A Preliminary Study. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11020322. [PMID: 35205188 PMCID: PMC8869276 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Fatigue is considered a brain-derived emotion that could impact performance during the execution of physical exercises. Infrared thermography is a valuable technique able to measure the psychophysiological state associated with emotions in a contactless manner. The aim of the study is to test the capability of infrared thermography to evaluate the central and peripheral physiological effect of fatigue through facial skin and muscle temperature modulations collected during the execution of a unilateral resistance exercise of the lower limb. Both time- and frequency-domain analyses were performed on the temperature time course of the face and limbs. Particularly, significant correlations between features extracted from the thermal signals and the perceived exertion were found. These findings confirmed the ability of thermal imaging to detect both peripheral and central effects of fatigue in response to physical exercises. These results could foster the employment of infrared thermography to monitor the psychophysiological state of the athletes during training. The possibility to calibrate the training load in accordance with the psychophysiological conditions could improve the performance of the athletes during the training process and competitions. Abstract Infrared thermography (IRT) allows to evaluate the psychophysiological state associated with emotions from facial temperature modulations. As fatigue is a brain-derived emotion, it is possible to hypothesize that facial temperature could provide information regarding the fatigue related to exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of IRT to assess the central and peripheral physiological effect of fatigue by measuring facial skin and muscle temperature modulations in response to a unilateral knee extension exercise until exhaustion. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded at the end of the exercise. Both time- (∆TROI: pre–post exercise temperature variation) and frequency-domain (∆PSD: pre–post exercise power spectral density variation of specific frequency bands) analyses were performed to extract features from regions of interest (ROIs) positioned on the exercised and nonexercised leg, nose tip, and corrugator. The ANOVA-RM revealed a significant difference between ∆TROI (F(1.41,9.81) = 15.14; p = 0.0018), and between ∆PSD of myogenic (F(1.34,9.39) = 15.20; p = 0.0021) and neurogenic bands (F(1.75,12.26) = 9.96; p = 0.0034) of different ROIs. Moreover, significant correlations between thermal features and RPE were found. These findings suggest that IRT could assess both peripheral and central responses to physical exercise. Its applicability in monitoring the psychophysiological responses to exercise should be further explored
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perpetuini
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierpaolo Iodice
- Center for the Study and the Transformation of Physical Activities, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandie, Rue Thomas Becket, 76130 Rouen, France;
| | - Daniela Cardone
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Chiara Filippini
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Maria Chiarelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Giovanni Michielon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Kramer 4, 20129 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Kramer 4, 20129 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Kramer 4, 20129 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
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Lee H, Hong J, Wendimagegn TW, Lee H. Rail Corrugation Detection and Characterization Using Computer Vision. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21248335. [PMID: 34960429 PMCID: PMC8709020 DOI: 10.3390/s21248335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rail corrugation appears as oscillatory wear on the rail surface caused by the interaction between the train wheels and the railway. Corrugation shortens railway service life and forces early rail replacement. Consequently, service can be suspended for days during rail replacement, adversely affecting an important means of transportation. We propose an inspection method for rail corrugation using computer vision through an algorithm based on feature descriptors to automatically distinguish corrugated from normal surfaces. We extract seven features and concatenate them to form a feature vector obtained from a railway image. The feature vector is then used to build support vector machine. Data were collected from seven different tracks as video streams acquired at 30 fps. The trained support vector machine was used to predict test frames of rails as being either corrugated or normal. The proposed method achieved a high performance, with 97.11% accuracy, 95.52% precision, and 97.97% recall. Experimental results show that our method is more effective in identifying corrugated images than reference state-of the art works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris Lee
- Dermamirror Co., Ltd., Umyeon-dong 66-2, Seoul 809, Korea; (H.L.); (T.W.W.)
| | - Jiyoung Hong
- Korea Railroad Research Institute, Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro 176, Uiwang-si 16105, Korea;
| | | | - Heekong Lee
- Dermamirror Co., Ltd., Umyeon-dong 66-2, Seoul 809, Korea; (H.L.); (T.W.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Malisoux L, Gette P, Backes A, Delattre N, Cabri J, Theisen D. Relevance of Frequency-Domain Analyses to Relate Shoe Cushioning, Ground Impact Forces and Running Injury Risk: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial With 800+ Recreational Runners. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:744658. [PMID: 34859204 PMCID: PMC8632264 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.744658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cushioning systems in running shoes are used assuming that ground impact forces relate to injury risk and that cushioning materials reduce these impact forces. In our recent trial, the more cushioned shoe version was associated with lower injury risk. However, vertical impact peak force was higher in participants with the Soft shoe version. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of shoe cushioning on the time, magnitude and frequency characteristics of peak forces using frequency-domain analysis by comparing the two study groups from our recent trial (Hard and Soft shoe group, respectively). The secondary objective was to investigate if force characteristics are prospectively associated with the risk of running-related injury. This is a secondary analysis of a double-blinded randomized trial on shoe cushioning with a biomechanical running analysis at baseline and a 6-month follow-up on running exposure and injury. Participants (n = 848) were tested on an instrumented treadmill at their preferred running speed in their randomly allocated shoe condition. The vertical ground reaction force signal for each stance phase was decomposed into the frequency domain using the discrete Fourier transform. Both components were recomposed into the time domain using the inverse Fourier transform. An analysis of variance was used to compare force characteristics between the two study groups. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association between force characteristics and injury risk. Participants using the Soft shoes displayed lower impact peak force (p < 0.001, d = 0.23), longer time to peak force (p < 0.001, d = 0.25), and lower average loading rate (p < 0.001, d = 0.18) of the high frequency signal compared to those using the Hard shoes. Participants with low average and instantaneous loading rate of the high frequency signal had lower injury risk [Sub hazard rate ratio (SHR) = 0.49 and 0.55; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.25–0.97 and 0.30–0.99, respectively], and those with early occurrence of impact peak force (high frequency signal) had greater injury risk (SHR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.05–2.53). Our findings may explain the protective effect of the Soft shoe version previously observed. The present study also demonstrates that frequency-domain analyses may provide clinically relevant impact force characteristics. Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: 9NCT03115437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Malisoux
- Department of Population Health, Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Gette
- Department of Population Health, Human Motion, Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Digital Methods Research Group, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Backes
- Department of Population Health, Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas Delattre
- Decathlon Sports Lab, Movement Sciences Department, Decathlon SA, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jan Cabri
- Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Science, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Fang J, Haldimann M, Marchal-Crespo L, Hunt KJ. Development of an Active Cable-Driven, Force-Controlled Robotic System for Walking Rehabilitation. Front Neurorobot 2021; 15:651177. [PMID: 34093158 PMCID: PMC8176959 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2021.651177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a parallel development to traditional rigid rehabilitation robotic systems, cable-driven systems are becoming popular. The robowalk expander product uses passive elastic bands in the training of the lower limbs. However, a well-controlled assistance or resistance is desirable for effective walking relearning and muscle training. To achieve well-controlled force during locomotion training with the robowalk expander, we replaced the elastic bands with actuator-driven cables and implemented force control algorithms for regulation of cable tensions. The aim of this work was to develop an active cable-driven robotic system, and to evaluate force control strategies for walking rehabilitation using frequency-domain analysis. The system parameters were determined through experiment-assisted simulation. Then force-feedback lead controllers were developed for static force tracking, and velocity-feedforward lead compensators were implemented to reduce velocity-related disturbances during walking. The technical evaluation of the active cable-driven robotic system showed that force-feedback lead controllers produced satisfactory force tracking in the static tests with a mean error of 5.5%, but in the dynamic tests, a mean error of 13.2% was observed. Further implementation of the velocity-feedforward lead compensators reduced the force tracking error to 9% in dynamic tests. With the combined control algorithms, the active cable-driven robotic system produced constant force within the four cables during walking on the treadmill, with a mean force-tracking error of 10.3%. This study demonstrates that the force control algorithms are technically feasible. The active cable-driven, force-controlled robotic system has the potential to produce user-defined assistance or resistance in rehabilitation and fitness training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fang
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Engineering and Information Technology, Institute for Rehabilitation and Performance Technology, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Haldimann
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Engineering and Information Technology, Institute for Rehabilitation and Performance Technology, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Laura Marchal-Crespo
- Department of Cognitive Robotics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Motor Learning and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth J. Hunt
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Engineering and Information Technology, Institute for Rehabilitation and Performance Technology, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland
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Qin H, Steenbergen N, Glos M, Wessel N, Kraemer JF, Vaquerizo-Villar F, Penzel T. The Different Facets of Heart Rate Variability in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:642333. [PMID: 34366907 PMCID: PMC8339263 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.642333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a heterogeneous and multifactorial sleep related breathing disorder with high prevalence, is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Autonomic dysfunction leads to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in diverse pathways. Heart rate is a complex physiological process involving neurovisceral networks and relative regulatory mechanisms such as thermoregulation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanisms, and metabolic mechanisms. Heart rate variability (HRV) is considered as a reliable and non-invasive measure of autonomic modulation response and adaptation to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. HRV measures may add a new dimension to help understand the interplay between cardiac and nervous system involvement in OSA. The aim of this review is to introduce the various applications of HRV in different aspects of OSA to examine the impaired neuro-cardiac modulation. More specifically, the topics covered include: HRV time windows, sleep staging, arousal, sleepiness, hypoxia, mental illness, and mortality and morbidity. All of these aspects show pathways in the clinical implementation of HRV to screen, diagnose, classify, and predict patients as a reasonable and more convenient alternative to current measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Glos
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Wessel
- Department of Physics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan F Kraemer
- Department of Physics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Saratov State University, Russian Federation, Saratov, Russia
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Molter TW, McQuaide SC, Holl MR, Meldrum DR, Dragavon JM, Anderson JB, Young AC, Burgess LW, Lidstrom ME. A New Approach for Measuring Single-Cell Oxygen Consumption Rates. IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng 2008; 5:32-42. [PMID: 21057593 PMCID: PMC2971563 DOI: 10.1109/tase.2007.909441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel system that has enabled the measurement of single-cell oxygen consumption rates is presented. The experimental apparatus includes a temperature controlled environmental chamber, an array of microwells etched in glass, and a lid actuator used to seal cells in the microwells. Each microwell contains an oxygen sensitive platinum phosphor sensor used to monitor the cellular metabolic rates. Custom automation software controls the digital image data collection for oxygen sensor measurements, which are analyzed using an image-processing program to yield the oxygen concentration within each microwell versus time. Two proof-of-concept experiments produced oxygen consumption rate measurements for A549 human epithelial lung cancer cells of 5.39 and 5.27 fmol/min/cell, closely matching published oxygen consumption rates for bulk A549 populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Molter
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500 USA ( ; )
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