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Hong Y, Song G, Feng X, Niu J, Wang L, Yang C, Luo X, Zhou S, Ma W. The Probiotic Kluyveromyces lactis JSA 18 Alleviates Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat Diet C57BL/6J Mice. Foods 2024; 13:1124. [PMID: 38611428 PMCID: PMC11011337 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity poses a significant threat to various health conditions such as heart diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart attack, with the gut microbiota playing a crucial role in maintaining the body's energy balance. We identified a novel probiotic fungal strain, Kluyveromyces lactis JSA 18 (K. lactis), which was isolated from yak milk and was found to possess anti-obesity properties. Additionally, Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 8198 (LP8198) from our previous study was also included to evaluate its anti-obesity properties. The findings indicated that K. lactis caused a notable reduction in weight gain, liver and fat indexes, and hyperlipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Administering K. lactis and LP8198 to mice on a high-fat diet resulted in a reduction of serum triglyceride levels. Furthermore, the supplements reduced ALT and AST activity, and inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, lipid metabolism was enhanced by the downregulation of ACC1, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1, and Fasn. Moreover, this study found that K. lactis and LP8198 have little effect on gut bacteria. Additionally, K. lactis partially influenced intestinal fungi, while LP8198 had a minor influence on gut mycobiota. The main goal of this research was to show how effective K. lactis can be as a probiotic in combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Guodong Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Jialei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Caini Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Sa Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
- Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
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Li Z, Duan T, Wang L, Wu J, Meng Y, Bao D, Gao L, Liu L. Comparative analysis of the gut bacteria and fungi in migratory demoiselle cranes ( Grus virgo) and common cranes ( Grus grus) in the Yellow River Wetland, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341512. [PMID: 38572234 PMCID: PMC10987826 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut microbiota are closely related to the nutrition, immunity, and metabolism of the host and play important roles in maintaining the normal physiological activities of animals. Cranes are important protected avian species in China, and they are sensitive to changes in the ecological environment and are thus good environmental indicators. There have been no reports examining gut fungi or the correlation between bacteria and fungi in wild Demoiselle cranes (Grus virgo) and Common cranes (Grus grus). Related research can provide a foundation for the protection of rare wild animals. Methods 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to analyze the gut bacterial and fungal diversity of Common and Demoiselle cranes migrating to the Yellow River wetland in Inner Mongolia. Results The results revealed that for gut bacteria α diversity, Chao1 index in Demoiselle cranes was remarkably higher than that in Common cranes (411.07 ± 79.54 vs. 294.92 ± 22.38), while other index had no remarkably differences. There was no remarkable difference in fungal diversity. There were marked differences in the gut microbial composition between the two crane species. At the phylum level, the highest abundance of bacteria in the Common crane and Demoiselle crane samples was Firmicutes, accounting for 87.84% and 74.29%, respectively. The highest abundance of fungi in the guts of the Common and Demoiselle cranes was Ascomycota, accounting for 69.42% and 57.63%, respectively. At the genus level, the most abundant bacterial genus in the Common crane sample was Turicibacter (38.60%), and the most abundant bacterial genus in the Demoiselle crane sample was Catelicoccus (39.18%). The most abundant fungi in the Common crane sample was Penicillium (6.97%), and the most abundant fungi in the Demoiselle crane sample was Saccharomyces (8.59%). Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between gut bacteria and fungi. Discussion This study provided a research basis for the protection of cranes. Indeed, a better understanding of the gut microbiota is very important for the conservation and management of wild birds, as it not only helps us to understand their life history and related mechanisms, but also can hinder the spread of pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Gao
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, China
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Tang X, Zhang L, Ren S, Zhao Y, Liu K, Zhang Y. Stochastic Processes Derive Gut Fungi Community Assembly of Plateau Pikas ( Ochotona curzoniae) along Altitudinal Gradients across Warm and Cold Seasons. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1032. [PMID: 37888290 PMCID: PMC10607853 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although fungi occupy only a small proportion of the microbial community in the intestinal tract of mammals, they play important roles in host fat accumulation, nutrition metabolism, metabolic health, and immune development. Here, we investigated the dynamics and assembly of gut fungal communities in plateau pikas inhabiting six altitudinal gradients across warm and cold seasons. We found that the relative abundances of Podospora and Sporormiella significantly decreased with altitudinal gradients in the warm season, whereas the relative abundance of Sarocladium significantly increased. Alpha diversity significantly decreased with increasing altitudinal gradient in the warm and cold seasons. Distance-decay analysis showed that fungal community similarities were significantly and negatively correlated with elevation. The co-occurrence network complexity significantly decreased along the altitudinal gradients as the total number of nodes, number of edges, and degree of nodes significantly decreased. Both the null and neutral model analyses showed that stochastic or neutral processes dominated the gut fungal community assembly in both seasons and that ecological drift was the main ecological process explaining the variation in the gut fungal community across different plateau pikas. Homogeneous selection played a weak role in structuring gut fungal community assembly during the warm season. Collectively, these results expand our understanding of the distribution patterns of gut fungal communities and elucidate the mechanisms that maintain fungal diversity in the gut ecosystems of small mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Shien Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Grassland Station, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
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Li W, Shu Y, Zhang J, Wu M, Zhu GH, Huang WY, Shen L, Kang Y. Long-term prednisone treatment causes fungal microbiota dysbiosis and alters the ecological interaction between gut mycobiome and bacteriome in rats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1112767. [PMID: 37342562 PMCID: PMC10277626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Prednisone is one of the most commonly used GCs. However, it is still unknown whether prednisone affects gut fungi in rats. Herein we investigated whether prednisone changed the composition of gut fungi and the interactions between gut mycobiome and bacteriome/fecal metabolome in rats. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control group and a prednisone group which received prednisone daily by gavage for 6 weeks. ITS2 rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples was performed to identify differentially abundant gut fungi. The associations between gut mycobiome and bacterial genera/fecal metabolites obtained from our previously published study were explored by using Spearman correlation analysis. Our data showed that there were no changes in the richness of gut mycobiome in rats after prednisone treatment, but the diversity increased significantly. The relative abundance of genera Triangularia and Ciliophora decreased significantly. At the species level, the relative abundance of Aspergillus glabripes increased significantly, while Triangularia mangenotii and Ciliophora sp. decreased. In addition, prednisone altered the gut fungi-bacteria interkingdom interactions in rats after prednisone treatment. Additionally, the genus Triangularia was negatively correlated with m-aminobenzoic acid, but positively correlated with hydrocinnamic acid and valeric acid. Ciliophora was negatively correlated with phenylalanine and homovanillic acid, but positively correlated with 2-Phenylpropionate, hydrocinnamic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid. In conclusion, long-term prednisone treatment caused fungal microbiota dysbiosis and might alter the ecological interaction between gut mycobiome and bacteriome in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-hua Zhu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-yan Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Kang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Gutierrez MW, Mercer EM, Moossavi S, Laforest-Lapointe I, Reyna ME, Becker AB, Simons E, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Azad MB, Arrieta MC. Maturational patterns of the infant gut mycobiome are associated with early-life body mass index. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100928. [PMID: 36736319 PMCID: PMC9975311 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the bacterial microbiome, the role of early-life gut fungi in host metabolism and childhood obesity development remains poorly characterized. To address this, we investigate the relationship between the gut mycobiome of 100 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Cohort Study and body mass index Z scores (BMIz) in the first 5 years of life. An increase in fungal richness during the first year of life is linked to parental and infant BMI. The relationship between richness pattern and early-life BMIz is modified by maternal BMI, maternal diet, infant antibiotic exposure, and bacterial beta diversity. Further, the abundances of Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, and Malassezia are differentially associated with early-life BMIz. Using structural equation modeling, we determine that the mycobiome's contribution to BMIz is likely mediated by the bacterial microbiome. This demonstrates that mycobiome maturation and infant growth trajectories are distinctly linked, advocating for inclusion of fungi in larger pediatric microbiome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie W Gutierrez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Emily M Mercer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Myrtha E Reyna
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Gao L, Wang S, Yang M, Wang L, Li Z, Yang L, Li G, Wen T. Gut fungal community composition analysis of myostatin mutant cattle prepared by CRISPR/Cas9. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1084945. [PMID: 36733427 PMCID: PMC9886680 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1084945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) regulates muscle development and body metabolism through a variety of pathways and is a core target gene for gene editing in livestock. Gut fungi constitute a small part of the gut microbiome and are important to host health and metabolism. The influence of MSTN mutations on bovine gut fungi remains unknown. In this study, Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) high-throughput sequencing was conducted to explore the composition of gut fungi in the MSTN mutant (MT) and wild-type (WT) cattle, and 5,861 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected and classified into 16 phyla and 802 genera. The results of the alpha diversity analysis indicated that no notable divergence was displayed between the WT and MT cattle; however, significant differences were noticed in the composition of fungal communities. Eight phyla and 18 genera were detected. According to the prediction of fungal function, saprotroph fungi were significantly more abundant in the MT group. The correlation analysis between gut fungal and bacterial communities revealed that MSTN mutations directly changed the gut fungal composition and, at the same time, influenced some fungi and bacteria by indirectly regulating the interaction between microorganisms, which affected the host metabolism further. This study analyzed the role of MSTN mutations in regulating the host metabolism of intestinal fungi and provided a theoretical basis for the relationship between MSTN and gut fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, China
| | - Song Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Lei Yang ✉
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China,Guangpeng Li ✉
| | - Tong Wen
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, China,Tong Wen ✉
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Li BZ, Wang H, Li XB, Zhang QR, Huang RG, Wu H, Wang YY, Li KD, Chu XJ, Cao NW, Zhou HY, Fang XY, Leng RX, Fan YG, Tao JH, Shuai ZW, Ye DQ. Altered gut fungi in systemic lupus erythematosus - A pilot study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1031079. [PMID: 36545195 PMCID: PMC9760866 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1031079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gut fungi, as symbiosis with the human gastrointestinal tract, may regulate physiology via multiple interactions with host cells. The plausible role of fungi in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is far from clear and need to be explored. Methods A total of 64 subjects were recruited, including SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), undifferentiated connective tissue diseases (UCTDs) patients and healthy controls (HCs). Fecal samples of subjects were collected. Gut fungi and bacteria were detected by ITS sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Alpha and beta diversities of microbiota were analyzed. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis was performed to identify abundance of microbiota in different groups. The correlation network between bacterial and fungal microbiota was analyzed based on Spearman correlation. Results Gut fungal diversity and community composition exhibited significant shifts in SLE compared with UCTDs, RA and HCs. Compared with HCs, the alpha and beta diversities of fungal microbiota decreased in SLE patients. According to principal coordinates analysis results, the constitution of fungal microbiota from SLE, RA, UCTDs patients and HCs exhibited distinct differences with a clear separation between fungal microbiota. There was dysbiosis in the compositions of fungal and bacterial microbiota in the SLE patients, compared to HCs. Pezizales, Cantharellales and Pseudaleuria were enriched in SLE compared with HCs, RA and UCTDs. There was a complex relationship network between bacterial and fungal microbiota, especially Candida which was related to a variety of bacteria. Conclusion This study presents a pilot analysis of fungal microbiota with diversity and composition in SLE, and identifies several gut fungi with different abundance patterns taxa among SLE, RA, UCTDs and HCs. Furthermore, the gut bacterial-fungal association network in SLE patients was altered compared with HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Bao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian-Ru Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rong-Gui Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kai-Di Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Chu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nv-Wei Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao-Yue Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China,The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Yu Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yin-Guang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Hui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zong-Wen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Dong-Qing Ye,
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Cai S, Fan Y, Zhang B, Lin J, Yang X, Liu Y, Liu J, Ren J, Xu H. Appendectomy Is Associated With Alteration of Human Gut Bacterial and Fungal Communities. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:724980. [PMID: 34603252 PMCID: PMC8483179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.724980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has revealed the importance of the appendix in regulating the intestinal microbiota and mucosal immunity. However, the changes that occur in human gut microbial communities after appendectomy have never been analyzed. We assessed the alterations in gut bacterial and fungal populations associated with a history of appendectomy. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between appendectomy and the gut microbiome using 16S and ITS2 sequencing on fecal samples from 30 healthy individuals with prior appendectomy (HwA) and 30 healthy individuals without appendectomy (HwoA). Analysis showed that the gut bacterial composition of samples from HwA was less diverse than that of samples from HwoA and had a lower abundance of Roseburia, Barnesiella, Butyricicoccus, Odoribacter, and Butyricimonas species, most of which were short-chain fatty acids-producing microbes. The HwA subgroup analysis indicated a trend toward restoration of the HwoA bacterial microbiome over time after appendectomy. HwA had higher gut fungi composition and diversity than HwoA, even 5 years after appendectomy. Compared with those in samples from HwoA, the abundance correlation networks in samples from HwA displayed more complex fungal–fungal and fungal–bacterial community interactions. This study revealed a marked impact of appendectomy on gut bacteria and fungi, which was particularly durable for fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntian Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Institute for Microbial Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanyun Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Institute for Microbial Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bangzhou Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Institute for Microbial Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinzhou Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Institute for Microbial Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianlin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Institute for Microbial Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Institute for Microbial Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Doron I, Leonardi I, Li XV, Fiers WD, Semon A, Bialt-DeCelie M, Migaud M, Gao IH, Lin WY, Kusakabe T, Puel A, Iliev ID. Human gut mycobiota tune immunity via CARD9-dependent induction of anti-fungal IgG antibodies. Cell 2021; 184:1017-1031.e14. [PMID: 33548172 PMCID: PMC7936855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies mediate natural and vaccine-induced immunity against viral and bacterial pathogens, whereas fungi represent a widespread kingdom of pathogenic species for which neither vaccine nor neutralizing antibody therapies are clinically available. Here, using a multi-kingdom antibody profiling (multiKAP) approach, we explore the human antibody repertoires against gut commensal fungi (mycobiota). We identify species preferentially targeted by systemic antibodies in humans, with Candida albicans being the major inducer of antifungal immunoglobulin G (IgG). Fungal colonization of the gut induces germinal center (GC)-dependent B cell expansion in extraintestinal lymphoid tissues and generates systemic antibodies that confer protection against disseminated C. albicans or C. auris infection. Antifungal IgG production depends on the innate immunity regulator CARD9 and CARD9+CX3CR1+ macrophages. In individuals with invasive candidiasis, loss-of-function mutations in CARD9 are associated with impaired antifungal IgG responses. These results reveal an important role of gut commensal fungi in shaping the human antibody repertoire through CARD9-dependent induction of host-protective antifungal IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Doron
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Irina Leonardi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Xin V Li
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - William D Fiers
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexa Semon
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Meghan Bialt-DeCelie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Iris H Gao
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Woan-Yu Lin
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Takato Kusakabe
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Iliyan D Iliev
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Valle LG, Stoianova D. First record of Harpellales, Orphellales (Kickxellomycotina) and Amoebidiales (Mesomycetozoea) from Bulgaria, including a new species of Glotzia. MycoKeys 2020; 67:55-80. [PMID: 32547306 PMCID: PMC7270078 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.67.52055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results obtained from a short survey performed in Bulgaria, southeast Europe, where the trichomycetes (sensu lato), an ecological group of arthropod gut endosymbionts, were previously completely unknown. The present study initiates the comprehension of these cryptic organisms, members of the Kickxellomycotina (Harpellales, Orphellales) and the Mesomycetozoea (Amoebidiales), in this Balkan country. Eighteen new geographic records for Bulgaria are reported, including 10 species of Harpellales, three species of Orphellales and five species of Amoebidiales. Within the Harpellales, the species Glotziabalkanensissp. nov. is described. This new species is most related to the rare species G.centroptili Gauthier ex Manier & Lichtw. and G.stenospora White & Lichtw., but is differentiated by spore and thallial characteristics. Photographs are provided and biogeographic implications of these records are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Guàrdia Valle
- Unitat de Botànica, Dept. Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia. Fac. Biociènces. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 08193-Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Desislava Stoianova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Sofia, Bulgaria Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
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Leonardi I, Paramsothy S, Doron I, Semon A, Kaakoush NO, Clemente JC, Faith JJ, Borody TJ, Mitchell HM, Colombel JF, Kamm MA, Iliev ID. Fungal Trans-kingdom Dynamics Linked to Responsiveness to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:823-829.e3. [PMID: 32298656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) targeting gut microbiota has recently been successfully applied to ulcerative colitis. However, only a subset of patients responds to FMT, and there is a pressing need for biomarkers of responsiveness. Fungi (the mycobiota) represent a highly immunologically reactive component of the gut microbiota. We analyzed samples from a large randomized controlled trial of FMT for ulcerative colitis (UC). High Candida abundance pre-FMT was associated with a clinical response, whereas decreased Candida abundance post-FMT was indicative of ameliorated disease severity. High pre-FMT Candida was associated with increased bacterial diversity post-FMT, and the presence of genera was linked to FMT responsiveness. Although we detected elevated anti-Candida antibodies in placebo recipients, this increase was abrogated in FMT recipients. Our data suggest that FMT might reduce Candida to contain pro-inflammatory immunity during intestinal disease and highlight the utility of mycobiota-focused approaches to identify FMT responders prior to therapy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Leonardi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sudarshan Paramsothy
- University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Itai Doron
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexa Semon
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Jose C Clemente
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Faith
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael A Kamm
- St. Vincent's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Iliyan D Iliev
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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12
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Frankel-Bricker J, Buerki S, Feris KP, White MM. Influences of a Prolific Gut Fungus ( Zancudomyces culisetae) on Larval and Adult Mosquito (Aedes aegypti)-Associated Microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02334-19. [PMID: 31757825 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02334-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mosquitoes inherit a bacterial community from larvae via transstadial transmission, an understudied process that may influence host-microbe interactions. Microbes contribute to important host life history traits, and analyzing transmitted microbial communities, the interrelationship between larval and adult-associated microbiota, and factors influencing host-microbe relationships provides targets for research. During its larval stage, the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) hosts the trichomycete gut fungus Zancudomyces culisetae, and fungal colonization coincides with environmental perturbations in the digestive tract microecosystem. Natural populations are differentially exposed to fungi, thereby potentially harboring distinct microbiota and experiencing disparate host-microbe interactions. This study's objectives were to characterize larval and initial adult microbiomes, investigate variation in diversity and distribution of microbial communities across individuals, and assess whether larval fungal colonization impacted microbiomes at these developmental stages. Laboratory-based fungal infestation assays, sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, and bacterial load quantification protocols revealed that initial adult microbiomes varied in diversity and distribution. Larval fungal colonization had downstream effects on initial adult microbiomes, significantly reducing microbial community variation, shifting relative abundances of certain bacterial families, and influencing transstadial transmission outcomes of particular genera. Further, abundances of several families consistently decreased in adults relative to levels in larvae, possibly reflecting impacts of host development on specific bacterial taxa. These findings demonstrated that a prolific gut fungus impacted mosquito-associated microbiota at two developmental stages in an insect connected with global human health.IMPORTANCE Mosquitoes are widespread vectors of numerous human pathogens and harbor microbiota known to affect host phenotypic traits. However, little research has directly investigated how bacterial communities associated with larvae and adults are connected. We characterized whole-body bacterial communities in mosquito larvae preceding pupation and in newly emerged adults, and investigated whether a significant biotic factor, fungal colonization of the larval hindgut, impacted these microbiomes. Results showed that fungal colonization reduced microbial community variation across individuals and differentially impacted the outcomes of transstadial transmission for certain bacterial genera, revealing downstream effects of the fungus on initial adult microbiomes. The importance of our research is in providing a thorough comparative analysis of whole-body microbiota harbored in larvae and adults of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) and in demonstrating the important role a widespread gut fungus played in a host-associated microbiome.
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Abstract
Three new species of Harpellales, collected on Mt. Tsukuba, Kanto Plain on Honshu Island, are described. Stachylina philoricola, derived from midgut of Philorus sp. (Blephariceridae: Diptera), and Lancisporomyces tsukubaensis, derived from the hindgut of Amphinemura sp. (Nemouridae: Plecoptera) nymphs, are described. Blephariceridae is newly added to the host insect families of Harpellales. A new genus, Zygopolaropsis, is proposed to accommodate the new species Z. sphaerica, derived from the hindgut of Baetis thermicus (Baetidae, Ephemeroptera) nymphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- a Department of Forest Entomology , Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba Ibaraki , 305-8687 , Japan
| | - Yousuke Degawa
- b Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center , University of Tsukuba , Sugadaira-Kogen, Ueda, Nagano 386-2204 , Japan
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Gruninger RJ, Puniya AK, Callaghan TM, Edwards JE, Youssef N, Dagar SS, Fliegerova K, Griffith GW, Forster R, Tsang A, McAllister T, Elshahed MS. Anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota): advances in understanding their taxonomy, life cycle, ecology, role and biotechnological potential. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 90:1-17. [PMID: 25046344 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of mammalian herbivores, where they play an important role in the degradation of plant material. The Neocallimastigomycota represent the earliest diverging lineage of the zoosporic fungi; however, understanding of the relationships of the different taxa (both genera and species) within this phylum is in need of revision. Issues exist with the current approaches used for their identification and classification, and recent evidence suggests the presence of several novel taxa (potential candidate genera) that remain to be characterised. The life cycle and role of anaerobic fungi has been well characterised in the rumen, but not elsewhere in the ruminant alimentary tract. Greater understanding of the 'resistant' phase(s) of their life cycle is needed, as is study of their role and significance in other herbivores. Biotechnological application of anaerobic fungi, and their highly active cellulolytic and hemi-cellulolytic enzymes, has been a rapidly increasing area of research and development in the last decade. The move towards understanding of anaerobic fungi using -omics based (genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic) approaches is starting to yield valuable insights into the unique cellular processes, evolutionary history, metabolic capabilities and adaptations that exist within the Neocallimastigomycota.
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