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Zhen Y, Ai D, Huang K, Li G, Chen Z, Wu R. The influence of dead space in blood sampling needle on FVIII level and pharmacokinetic profiles in children with hemophilia. Hematology 2024; 29:2314871. [PMID: 38346146 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2314871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of the dead space in disposable blood sampling needle on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), FVIII level and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in children with hemophilia. METHODS Children (<18 years) with severe hemophilia A were enrolled. After three days' washout-period, blood samples were collected at pre-dose, 1 h, 3 h, 9 h, 24 h and 48 h post-infusion. At each timepoint, two 2 mL vacuum tubes with 3.2% trisodium citrate were used. The first tube was signed as 'non-standard' (NS) and the second tube was signed as 'standard' (S). FVIII activities were evaluated by one-stage assay. WAPPS-Hemo was used to generate PK profiles like half-life time (t1/2), clearance (CL), trough level and time to 1, 2 and 5IU/dL after a dose of 50 ± 10IU/dL. The FVIII activities at 9 h and 24 h post-infusion were put into WAPPS and thus brought four combinations by true or biased FVIII level that used. RESULT Compared with standard-collected blood samples, prolonged APTT results (P-values < 0.01) and decreased FVIII activity (P-values < 0.05) were revealed in those non-standard blood samples. The corresponding bias was in positive relation to both APTT-S (r = 0.44, P < 0.0001) and FVIII-S level(r = 0.68, P < 0.001). The FVIII bias percentage got larger as FVIII-S level reduced (r = -0.24, P < 0.01). During the four combinations of FVIII activity at 9 h and 24 h, statistically longer t1/2, lower CL and longer time to 1, 2 or 5IU/dL were observed in 9H-S&24H-S group and 9H-NS&24H-S group. CONCLUSION While using vacuum tubes for clotting indicators and PK profiles, the dead space of blood sampling needle should be eliminated in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Zhen
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Ai
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Huang
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenping Chen
- Hematologic Disease Laboratory, Hematology Center, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Runhui Wu
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Riccardi C, Platella C, Musumeci D, Montesarchio D. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of an Amphiphilic Lipoic Acid-Based Ru(III) Complex as a Versatile Tool for the Functionalization of Different Nanosystems. Molecules 2023; 28:5775. [PMID: 37570744 PMCID: PMC10420320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ru-based chemotherapy is emerging as an effective alternative to the well-established Pt-based one, typically associated with high toxicity. In this context, our recent efforts were devoted to the preparation of nucleolipid-based Ru(III) complexes able to form, under physiological conditions, supramolecular aggregates which can efficiently prevent metal deactivation and convey Ru(III) inside the cells where it exerts its activity. Within an interdisciplinary program for the development of multifunctional nanoparticles for theranostic applications, we here report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel functionalized Ru(III) salt, carrying a lipoic acid moiety in the nucleolipid-based scaffold to allow its incorporation onto metal-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Chiara Platella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (IBB), CNR, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
- CINMPIS—Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di Ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Li S, Feng D, Li E, Gilbert RG. Formation, Structural Characterization, and Functional Properties of Corn Starch/Zeaxanthin Composites. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102076. [PMID: 37238894 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeaxanthin is a natural xanthophyll carotenoid and the main macular pigment that protects the macula from light-initiated oxidative damage, but it has poor stability and low bioavailability. Absorption of this active ingredient into starch granules as a carrier can be used to improve both zeaxanthin stability and controlled release. Optimization using three variables judged important for optimizing the system (reaction temperature of 65 °C, starch concentration of 6%, and reaction time of 2 h) was conducted for incorporation of zeaxanthin into corn starch granules, aiming for high zeaxanthin content (2.47 mg/g) and high encapsulation efficiency (74%). Polarized-light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the process partially gelatinized corn starch; additionally, it showed the presence of corn starch/zeaxanthin composites, with the zeaxanthin successfully trapped in corn starch granules. The half-life time of zeaxanthin in corn starch/zeaxanthin composites increased to 43 days as compared with that of zeaxanthin alone (13 days). The composites show a rapid increase in zeaxanthin release with in vitro intestinal digestion, which is favorable for possible use in living systems. These findings could have application in designing effective starch-based carriers of this bioactive ingredient with enhanced storage stability and improved intestines-targeted controlled-release delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songnan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Duo Feng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Enpeng Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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TETSUYOSHI YAMADA, TAKASHI MURAMATSU, TATSUYA KIRIYAMA, SATOSHI FUKUZAKI. Self-decomposition and half-life time of gaseous hypochlorous acid. J Microorg Control 2023; 28:65-68. [PMID: 37394529 DOI: 10.4265/jmc.28.2_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of the indoor gaseous hypochlorous acid (HOCl (g)) varied significantly during disinfection. The kinetics of self-decomposition of HOCl (g) was studied at temperatures within the range of 10℃ to 40℃ and relative humidity between 30% RH and 90% RH in a lab-scale confined polyvinylidene fluoride gas bag space. The decay curve of HOCl (g) , obtained by plotting the logarithm of the HOCl (g) concentration against time, was analyzed using an integrated model that showed two simultaneous first-order processes. One process was assumed to be the adsorption of HOCl (g) onto the gas bag surface, whereas the other was the self-decomposition of HOCl (g) in the gas space. The decay curve is reduced to the sum of two independent and simultaneous first-order processes. The decay rate constant for self-decomposition depended on temperature and relative humidity. The half-life time of HOCl (g) was estimated to be between 76.9 h and 116 h depending on the temperature and relative humidity conditions.
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Malla S, Gummadi SN. Simultaneous Optimization of Activity and Stability of Xylose Reductase from D. nepalensis NCYC 3413 Using Statistical Experimental Design. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:489-500. [PMID: 33143604 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666201103145246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical parameters like pH and temperature play a major role in the design of an industrial enzymatic process. Enzyme stability and activity are greatly influenced by these parameters; hence optimization and control of these parameters becomes a key point in determining the economic feasibility of the process. OBJECTIVE This study was taken up with the objective to optimize physical parameters for maximum stability and activity of xylose reductase from D. nepalensis NCYC 3413 through separate and simultaneous optimization studies and comparison thereof. METHODS Effects of pH and temperature on the activity and stability of xylose reductase from Debaryomyces nepalensis NCYC 3413 were investigated by enzyme assays and independent variables were optimised using surface response methodology. Enzyme activity and stability were optimised separately and concurrently to decipher the appropriate conditions. RESULTS Optimized conditions of pH and temperature for xylose reductase activity were determined to be 7.1 and 27 °C respectively, with predicted responses of specific activity (72.3 U/mg) and half-life time (566 min). The experimental values (specific activity 50.2 U/mg, half-life time 818 min) were on par with predicted values indicating the significance of the model. CONCLUSION Simultaneous optimization of xylose reductase activity and stability using statistical methods is effective as compared to optimisation of the parameters separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwethashree Malla
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Frank F, Bezold V, Bork K, Rosenstock P, Scheffler J, Horstkorte R. Advanced glycation endproducts and polysialylation affect the turnover of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). Biol Chem 2019; 400:219-226. [PMID: 30138107 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The balance between protein synthesis and degradation regulates the amount of expressed proteins. This protein turnover is usually quantified as the protein half-life time. Several studies suggest that protein degradation decreases with age and leads to increased deposits of damaged and non-functional proteins. Glycation is an age-dependent, non-enzymatic process leading to posttranslational modifications, so-called advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), which usually damage proteins and lead to protein aggregation. AGE are formed by the Maillard reaction, where carbonyls of carbohydrates or metabolites react with amino groups of proteins. In this study, we quantified the half-life time of two important receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily, the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) before and after glycation. We found, that in two rat PC12 cell lines glycation leads to increased turnover, meaning that glycated, AGE-modified proteins are degraded faster than non-glycated proteins. NCAM is the most prominent carrier of a unique enzymatic posttranslational modification, the polysialylation. Using two PC12 cell lines (a non-polysialylated and a polysialylated one), we could additionally demonstrate, that polysialylation of NCAM has an impact on its turnover and that it significantly increases its half-life time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Frank
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Veronika Bezold
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Kaya Bork
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstock
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jonas Scheffler
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Radha R, Gummadi SN. pH-Dependent Thermal Stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:743-750. [PMID: 31215369 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190617092944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND pH is one of the decisive macromolecular properties of proteins that significantly affects enzyme structure, stability and reaction rate. Change in pH may protonate or deprotonate the side group of aminoacid residues in the protein, thereby resulting in changes in chemical and structural features. Hence studies on the kinetics of enzyme deactivation by pH are important for assessing the bio-functionality of industrial enzymes. L-asparaginase is one such important enzyme that has potent applications in cancer therapy and food industry. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to understand and analyze the influence of pH on deactivation and stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase. METHODS Kinetic studies were conducted to analyze the effect of pH on stability and deactivation of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase. Circular Dichroism (CD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies have been carried out to understand the pH-dependent conformational changes in the secondary structure of V. cholerae L-asparaginase. RESULTS The enzyme was found to be least stable at extreme acidic conditions (pH< 4.5) and exhibited a gradual increase in melting temperature from 40 to 81 °C within pH range of 4.0 to 7.0. Thermodynamic properties of protein were estimated and at pH 7.0 the protein exhibited ΔG37of 26.31 kcal mole-1, ΔH of 204.27 kcal mole-1 and ΔS of 574.06 cal mole-1 K-1. CONCLUSION The stability and thermodynamic analysis revealed that V. cholerae L-asparaginase was highly stable over a wide range of pH, with the highest stability in the pH range of 5.0-7.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Radha
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Tsukamoto M, Nitta H, Imai K, Higashi T, Nakagawa S, Okabe H, Arima K, Kaida T, Taki K, Hashimoto D, Chikamoto A, Ishiko T, Beppu T, Baba H. Clinical significance of half-lives of tumor markers α-fetoprotein and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:E183-E193. [PMID: 28796412 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The prognostic significance of the half-lives (HLs) of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We evaluated the HLs of AFP and DCP in a cohort of such patients. METHODS This study included data on 202 patients with HCC who underwent curative hepatectomy and had preoperative AFP concentrations ≥100 ng/mL or DCP ≥200 mAU/mL. We calculated the HLs of AFP and DCP from their values just before and 1 month after hepatectomy. We identified three groups: a normalization group, tumor marker concentrations within normal range 1 month post-hepatectomy; a long group, HL of AFP ≥7 days or DCP ≥4 days; and a short group, remaining patients. We evaluated associations between HL and prognosis. RESULTS Three-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the normalization (n = 70), short (n = 71), and long groups (n = 61) was 41.3%, 46.0%, and 16.8%, respectively (P = 0.002). Five-year overall survival (OS) of normalization, short, and long groups was 72.6, 70.6 and 43.8%, respectively (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that long HL is an independent risk factor for poor RFS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.21, P = 0.0006) and poor OS (HR 2.70, P = 0.004). The extrahepatic recurrence rate was 21.3% (13/61) in the long group, which is higher than in the normalization group (8.6%, 6/70) (P = 0.04) and short group (9.9%, 7/71) (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION Post-hepatectomy HLs of AFP and DCP are predictors of long-term outcome in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Tsukamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nitta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Higashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Okabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kota Arima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kaida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Taki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Chikamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ishiko
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Beppu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Makhadmeh GN, Abdul Aziz A, Abdul Razak K. The efficacy of methylene blue encapsulated in silica nanoparticles compared to naked methylene blue for photodynamic applications. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2015; 44:1018-22. [PMID: 25707443 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1008511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study analyzed the physical effects of methylene blue (MB) encapsulated within silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in photodynamic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The optimum concentration of MB needed to destroy red blood cells (RBCs) was determined, and the efficacy of encapsulated MB-SiNPs compared to that of naked MB was verified. RESULTS The results confirmed the applicability of MB encapsulated in SiNPs on RBCs, and established a relationship between the concentration of the SiNP-encapsulated MB and the time required to rupture 50% of the RBCs (t50). CONCLUSION The MB encapsulated in SiNPs exhibited higher efficacy compared to that of naked MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaseb Naser Makhadmeh
- a Physics Department, School of Physics , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia.,c NanoBiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Azlan Abdul Aziz
- a Physics Department, School of Physics , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia.,c NanoBiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Khairunisak Abdul Razak
- b Engineering Department, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia.,c NanoBiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
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Liang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Guan T, Wang Y, Xing L, Rao T, Zhou L, Hao K, Xie L, Wang GJ. In vitro to in vivo evidence of the inhibitor characteristics of Schisandra lignans toward P-glycoprotein. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:1030-1038. [PMID: 23731657 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant administration of herbal medicines with drugs that are P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates may produce significant herb-drug interactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Schisandra lignans extract (SLE) on P-gp thoroughly in vitro and in vivo, and to investigate the possible P-gp-based herb-drug interactions. In the in vitro experiments, the effect of SLE on the uptake and transport for P-gp substrates in Caco-2, LLC-PK1 and L-MDR1 cells were carefully investigated. Verapamil, a known P-gp inhibitor, was used as a positive control drug. Results shown that, 10 μM verapamil and SLE (0.5, 2.0, and 10.0 μg/ml) were observed to significantly enhance the uptake and inhibit the efflux ratio of P-gp substrates in Caco-2 and L-MDR1 cells. In vivo experiments showed that single-dose SLE at 500 mg/kg could increase the area under the plasma concentration time curve of digoxin and vincrisine significantly without affecting terminal elimination half-time. Long-term treatment with SLE for continuous 10 days could also increase the absorption of P-gp substrates with greatly down regulation of P-gp expression in rat intestinal and brain tissues. In conclusion, SLE was a strong P-gp inhibitor, which indicated a potential herb-drug interaction when SLE was co-administered with P-gp substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Abstract
Processing of rRNA in mammalian cells includes a series of cleavages of the primary 47S transcript and results in producing three rRNAs: 18S, 28S and 5.8S. The sequence of the main processing events in human cells has been established, but little is yet known about the dynamics of this process, especially the dynamics of its early stages. In the present study, we used real-time PCR to measure levels of pre-rRNA after inhibition of transcription with actinomycin D. Thus we could estimate the half-life time of rRNA transcripts in two human-derived cell lines, HeLa and LEP (human embryonic fibroblasts), as well as in mouse NIH 3T3 cells. The primary transcripts seemed to be more stable in the human than in the murine cells. Remarkably, the graphs in all cases showed more or less pronounced lag phase, which may reflect preparatory events preceding the first cleavage of the pre-rRNA. Additionally, we followed the dynamics of the decay of the 5'ETS fragment which is degraded only after the formation of 41S rRNA. According to our estimates, the corresponding three (or four) steps of the processing in human cells take five to eight minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Popov
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Wex T, Bühling F, Arndt M, Frank K, Ansorge S, Lendeckel U. The activation-dependent induction of APN-(CD13) in T-cells is controlled at different levels of gene expression. FEBS Lett 1997; 412:53-6. [PMID: 9257688 PMCID: PMC7126794 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it was shown that aminopeptidase N (E.C. 3.4.11.2, CD13) is up-regulated during mitogenic stimulation of peripheral T-cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the half-life of APN mRNA was considerably prolonged in these cells leading to a 2.7-fold increase of APN transcript level. The apparent half-life time of the APN transcript was investigated by the RNA synthesis inhibitor-chase method using actinomycin D. The steady-state APN mRNA levels was determined by a competitive RT-PCR. The half-lives estimated in resting T-cells, natural killer cells and permanently growing tumour cells varied between 3.5 and 6 h. Finally, nuclear run-on assays revealed that the APN gene expression of stimulated T-cells is controlled by increased promoter activity as well. These studies suggest a control of APN gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in addition to promoter-mediated regulation.
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Key Words
- cd13
- e.c. 3.4.11.2
- actinomycin d
- half-life time
- apn, aminopeptidase n
- ala-pna, alanine-p-nitroanilid
- cd, cluster of differentation
- edta, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- cpm, counts per minute
- mab, monoclonal antibody
- pbs, phosphate-buffered saline
- pha, phytohemagglutinine
- pma, phorbol 12-acetate 13-myristate
- rt-pcr, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- sds, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- ssc, standard sodium citrate
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wex
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Magdeburg, Germany.
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