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Rust C, Schill E, Garrity O, Spari M, Li H, Bacher A, Guttmann M, Reich S, Flavel BS. Radial Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes via Dead-End Filtration. Small 2023; 19:e2207684. [PMID: 36775908 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dead-end filtration is a facile method to globally align single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in large area films with a 2D order parameter, S2D , approaching unity. Uniaxial alignment has been achieved using pristine and hot-embossed membranes but more sophisticated geometries have yet to be investigated. In this work, three different patterns with radial symmetry and an area of 3.8 cm2 are created. Two of these patterns are replicated by the filtered SWCNTs and S2D values of ≈0.85 are obtained. Each of the radially aligned SWCNT films is characterized by scanning cross-polarized microscopy in reflectance and laser imaging in transmittance with linear, radial, and azimuthal polarized light fields. The former is used to define a novel indicator akin to the 2D order parameter using Malu's law, yielding 0.82 for the respective film. The films are then transferred to a flexible printed circuit board and terminal two-probe electrical measurements are conducted to explore the potential of those new alignment geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rust
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elias Schill
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Oisín Garrity
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Spari
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bacher
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Guttmann
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Ciganas J, Bubulis A, Jurenas V, Griskevicius P, Palevicius A, Urbaite S, Janusas G. Dynamic Mechanical Properties of PVC Plastics in the Formation of Microstructures with Novel Magnetostrictor. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:820. [PMID: 37421053 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Molding in thermoplastic polymers using ultrasonic hot embossing technology is promising due to its high precision reproducibility. To understand, analyze and apply the formation of polymer microstructures by the ultrasonic hot embossing method, it is necessary to understand dynamic loading conditions. The Standard Linear Solid model (SLS) is a method that allows analyzing the viscoelastic properties of materials by representing them as a combination of springs and dashpots. However, this model is general, and it is challenging to represent a viscoelastic material with multiple relaxations. Therefore, this article aims to use the data obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis for extrapolation in a wide range of cyclic deformations and to use the obtained data in microstructure formation simulations. The formation was replicated using a novel magnetostrictor design that sets a specific temperature and vibration frequency. The changes were analyzed on a diffractometer. After the diffraction efficiency measurement, it was found that the highest quality structures were formed at a temperature of 68 °C, a frequency of 10 kHz, a frequency amplitude of 1.5 µm and a force of 1 kN force. Moreover, the structures could be molded on any thickness of plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justas Ciganas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algimantas Bubulis
- Institute of Mechatronics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Jurenas
- Institute of Mechatronics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Griskevicius
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Palevicius
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Urbaite
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Janusas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Hu M, Xie J, Li W, Niu Y. Theoretical and Experimental Study on Hot-Embossing of Glass-Microprism Array without Online Cooling Process. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:mi11110984. [PMID: 33142780 PMCID: PMC7692315 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical glass-microprism arrays are generally embossed at high temperatures, so an online cooling process is needed to remove thermal stress, but this make the cycle long and its equipment expensive. Therefore, the hot-embossing of a glass-microprism array at a low strain rate with reasonable embossing parameters was studied, aiming at reducing thermal stress and realizing its rapid microforming without online cooling process. First, the flow-field, strain-rate, and deformation behavior of glass microforming were simulated. Then, the low-cost microforming control device was designed, and the silicon carbide (SiC) die-core microgroove array was microground by the grinding-wheel microtip. Lastly, the effect of the process parameters on forming rate was studied. Results showed that the appropriate embossing parameters led to a low strain rate; then, the trapezoidal glass-microprism array could be formed without an online cooling process. The standard deviation of the theoretical and experimental forming rates was only 7%, and forming rate increased with increasing embossing temperature, embossing force, and holding duration, but cracks and adhesion occurred at a high embossing temperature and embossing force. The highest experimental forming rate reached 66.56% with embossing temperature of 630 °C, embossing force of 0.335 N, and holding duration of 12 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfeng Hu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (M.H.); (W.L.)
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Jin Xie
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Wei Li
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (M.H.); (W.L.)
| | - Yuanhang Niu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
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Díaz Lantada A, Mazarío Picazo N, Guttmann M, Wissmann M, Schneider M, Worgull M, Hengsbach S, Rupp F, Bade K, Plaza GR. Soft-Lithography of Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Using Microstructured Templates: Towards Controlled Cell Populations on Biointerfaces. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1586. [PMID: 32235578 PMCID: PMC7177395 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide hydrogels are interesting materials for studying cells and cell-material interactions, thanks to the possibility of precisely adjusting their stiffness, shear modulus and porosity during synthesis, and to the feasibility of processing and manufacturing them towards structures and devices with controlled morphology and topography. In this study a novel approach, related to the processing of polyacrylamide hydrogels using soft-lithography and employing microstructured templates, is presented. The main novelty relies on the design and manufacturing processes used for achieving the microstructured templates, which are transferred by soft-lithography, with remarkable level of detail, to the polyacrylamide hydrogels. The conceived process is demonstrated by patterning polyacrylamide substrates with a set of vascular-like and parenchymal-like textures, for controlling cell populations. Final culture of amoeboid cells, whose dynamics is affected by the polyacrylamide patterns, provides a preliminary validation of the described strategy and helps to discuss its potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Díaz Lantada
- Product Development Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Noelia Mazarío Picazo
- Product Development Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, km. 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Markus Guttmann
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Markus Wissmann
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Marc Schneider
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Matthias Worgull
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Stefan Hengsbach
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Florian Rupp
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Klaus Bade
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Gustavo R. Plaza
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, km. 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain;
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Aor B, Khan I, Glinel K, Jonas AM, Demoustier-Champagne S, Durrieu MC. Microchannel Molding Combined with Layer-by-Layer Approach for the Formation of Three-Dimensional Tube-like Structures by Endothelial Cells. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:1520-1532. [PMID: 35021643 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of a functional in vitro model for microcirculation is an unresolved challenge, with major impact for the creation and regeneration of organs in the tissue engineering. The absence of prevascularized engineered tissues limits enormously their efficacy and integration. Therefore, in this study, the in vitro formation of tubular-like structures with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is investigated thanks to three-dimensional polycarbonate (PC) microchannel (μCh) scaffolds, surface biofunctionalized with hyaluronic acid/chitosan (HA/CHI) layer-by-layer (LbL) films grafted with adhesive (RGD) and angiogenic (SVV and QK) peptides, alone and in combination. The importance of this work lies in the formation of capillaries in the order of tens of μm, developing spontaneous microvessels, without the complexity of microfluidic approaches, and in a short time-scale. Ellipsometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and fluorospectrometry are used to characterize the biofunctionalized microchannels. PC-μCh scaffolds functionalized with (HA/CHI)12.5 film (PC-LbL) and further grafted with RGD and QK peptides (PC-RGD+QK) or with RGD and SVV peptides (PC-RGD+SVV) are then tested for in vitro blood vessel formation. These assays evidence a rapid formation of tubular-like structures after 2 h of incubation. Moreover, a coculture system involving HUVECs and human pericytes derived from placenta (hPCs-PL) stabilizes the tubes for a longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Aor
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-Objets (UMR5248 CBMN), Université de Bordeaux, Pessac 33600, France.,CNRS, CBMN UMR5248, Pessac 33600, France.,Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR5248, Pessac 33600, France.,Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences- Bio & Soft Matter, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, Box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Irfan Khan
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-Objets (UMR5248 CBMN), Université de Bordeaux, Pessac 33600, France.,CNRS, CBMN UMR5248, Pessac 33600, France.,Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR5248, Pessac 33600, France.,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Karine Glinel
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences- Bio & Soft Matter, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, Box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences- Bio & Soft Matter, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, Box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sophie Demoustier-Champagne
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences- Bio & Soft Matter, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, Box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Durrieu
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-Objets (UMR5248 CBMN), Université de Bordeaux, Pessac 33600, France.,CNRS, CBMN UMR5248, Pessac 33600, France
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Lee KL, Wu TY, Hsu HY, Yang SY, Wei PK. Low-Cost and Rapid Fabrication of Metallic Nanostructures for Sensitive Biosensors Using Hot-Embossing and Dielectric-Heating Nanoimprint Methods. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E1548. [PMID: 28671600 DOI: 10.3390/s17071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose two approaches—hot-embossing and dielectric-heating nanoimprinting methods—for low-cost and rapid fabrication of periodic nanostructures. Each nanofabrication process for the imprinted plastic nanostructures is completed within several seconds without the use of release agents and epoxy. Low-cost, large-area, and highly sensitive aluminum nanostructures on A4 size plastic films are fabricated by evaporating aluminum film on hot-embossing nanostructures. The narrowest bandwidth of the Fano resonance is only 2.7 nm in the visible light region. The periodic aluminum nanostructure achieves a figure of merit of 150, and an intensity sensitivity of 29,345%/RIU (refractive index unit). The rapid fabrication is also achieved by using radio-frequency (RF) sensitive plastic films and a commercial RF welding machine. The dielectric-heating, using RF power, takes advantage of the rapid heating/cooling process and lower electric power consumption. The fabricated capped aluminum nanoslit array has a 5 nm Fano linewidth and 490.46 nm/RIU wavelength sensitivity. The biosensing capabilities of the metallic nanostructures are further verified by measuring antigen–antibody interactions using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti-BSA. These rapid and high-throughput fabrication methods can benefit low-cost, highly sensitive biosensors and other sensing applications.
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Choi BY, Pak Y, Kim KS, Lee KH, Jung GY. Simultaneous fabrication of line defects-embedded periodic lattice by topographically assisted holographic lithography. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011; 6:449. [PMID: 21749704 PMCID: PMC3211868 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated simultaneous fabrication of designed defects within a periodic structure. For rapid fabrication of periodic structures incorporating nanoscale line-defects at large area, topographically assisted holographic lithography (TAHL) technique, combining the strength of hologram lithography and phase-shift interference, was proposed. Hot-embossing method generated the photoresist patterns with vertical side walls which enabled phase-shift mask effect at the edge of patterns. Embossing temperature and relief height were crucial parameters for the successful TAHL process. Periodic holes with a diameter of 600 nm at a 1 μm-pitch incorporating 250 nm wide line-defects were obtained simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Yeon Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusin Pak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kwang-Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Young Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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