1
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Yi R, Wu W, Zhang X. Femtosecond Autocorrelation of Localized Surface Plasmons. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13091513. [PMID: 37177058 PMCID: PMC10179925 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon electronic dephasing lifetime is one of the most important characteristics of localized surface plasmons, which is crucial both for understanding the related photophysics and for their applications in photonic and optoelectronic devices. This lifetime is generally shorter than 100 fs and measured using the femtosecond pump-probe technique, which requires femtosecond laser amplifiers delivering pulses with a duration even as short as 10 fs. This implies a large-scale laser system with complicated pulse compression schemes, introducing high-cost and technological challenges. Meanwhile, the strong optical pulse from an amplifier induces more thermal-related effects, disturbing the precise resolution of the pure electronic dephasing lifetime. In this work, we use a simple autocorrelator design and integrate it with the sample of plasmonic nanostructures, where a femtosecond laser oscillator supplies the incident pulses for autocorrelation measurements. Thus, the measured autocorrelation trace carries the optical modulation on the incident pulses. The dephasing lifetime can be thus determined by a comparison between the theoretical fittings to the autocorrelation traces with and without the plasmonic modulation. The measured timescale for the autocorrelation modulation is an indirect determination of the plasmonic dephasing lifetime. This supplies a simple, rapid, and low-cost method for quantitative characterization of the ultrafast optical response of localized surface plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Yi
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wenwen Wu
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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2
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Recalde N, Bustamante D, Infusino M, Veltri A. Dynamic Multi-Mode Mie Model for Gain-Assisted Metal Nano-Spheres. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1911. [PMID: 36903024 PMCID: PMC10004665 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coupling externally pumped gain materials with plasmonic spherical particles, even in the simplest case of a single spherical nanoparticle in a uniform gain medium, generates an incredibly rich variety of electrodynamic phenomena. The appropriate theoretical description of these systems is dictated by the quantity of the included gain and the size of the nano-particle. On the one hand, when the gain level is below the threshold separating the absorption and the emission regime, a steady-state approach is a rather adequate depiction, yet a time dynamic approach becomes fundamental when this threshold is exceeded. On the other hand, while a quasi-static approximation can be used to model nanoparticles when they are much smaller than the exciting wavelength, a more complete scattering theory is necessary to discuss larger nanoparticles. In this paper, we describe a novel method including a time-dynamical approach to the Mie scattering theory, which is able to account for all the most enticing aspects of the problem without any limitation in the particle's size. Ultimately, although the presented approach does not fully describe the emission regime yet, it does allow us to predict the transient states preceding emission and represents an essential step forward in the direction of a model able to adequately describe the full electromagnetic phenomenology of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Recalde
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenieria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | | | - Melissa Infusino
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenieria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Alessandro Veltri
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenieria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
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3
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Ma S, Wei H, Zhu H, Ling FCC, Wang X, Su S. Higher-Order Multiphoton Absorption Upconversion Lasing Based on ZnO/ZnMgO Multiple Quantum Wells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3073. [PMID: 36080110 PMCID: PMC9457886 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the progress of nonlinear optics, multiphoton absorption (MPA) upconversion lasing enables many vital applications in bioimaging, three-dimensional optical data storage, and photodynamic therapy. Here, efficient four-photon absorption upconversion lasing from the ZnO/ZnMgO multiple quantum wells (MQWs) at room temperature is realized. Moreover, the MPA upconversion lasing and third-harmonic generation peak generated in the MQWs under the excitation of a femtosecond (fs) laser pulse were observed concurrently, and the essential differences between each other were studied comprehensively. Compared with the ZnO film, the upconversion lasing peak of the ZnO/ZnMgO MQWs exhibits a clear blue shift. In addition, the four-photon absorption upconversion photoluminescence (PL) intensity was enhanced in the MQWs/Au nanoparticles (NPs) by the metal-localized surface plasmons (LSPs). The work paves the way for short-wavelength lasers by taking advantage of the high stability and large exciton binding energy of the MQWs' structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushu Ma
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Haiyuan Wei
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - Xianghu Wang
- School of Materials, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Shichen Su
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Devices, Guangzhou 510631, China
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4
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Elibol K, van Aken PA. Uncovering the Evolution of Low-Energy Plasmons in Nanopatterned Aluminum Plasmonics on Graphene. Nano Lett 2022; 22:5825-5831. [PMID: 35820031 PMCID: PMC9335878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report adjusting the charge-transfer-plasmon (CTP) resonances of aluminum (Al) bowties on suspended monolayer graphene via controlled nanofabrication and focused electron-beam irradiation. CTP resonances of bowties with a conductive junction blue-shift with an increase in junction width, whereas their 3λ/2 and λ resonances barely red-shift. These plasmon modes are derived and confirmed by an LC circuit model and electromagnetic simulations performed with boundary-element and frequency-domain methods. A monotonic decay of the CTP lifetime is observed, while the junction width is extended. Instead, the lifetimes of 3λ/2 and λ resonances are nearly independent of junction width. When the junction is shrunk by electron-beam irradiation, all antenna resonances red-shift. Having created an electron-beam-induced sub 5 nm gap in bowties, we monitor the unambiguous transition of a CTP into a bonding-type gap mode, which is highly sensitive to the separation distance. Meanwhile, the 3λ/2 and λ resonances evolve into dipolar bright and dipolar dark modes.
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5
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López-Rayón F, Arroyo Carrasco ML, Rodríguez-Beltrán RI, Salas-Montiel R, Téllez-Limón R. Plasmonic-Induced Transparencies in an Integrated Metaphotonic System. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:1701. [PMID: 35630923 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we numerically demonstrate the generation of plasmonic transparency windows in the transmission spectrum of an integrated metaphotonic device. The hybrid photonic–plasmonic structure consists of two rectangular-shaped gold nanoparticles fully embedded in the core of a multimode dielectric optical waveguide, with their major axis aligned to the electric field lines of transverse electric guided modes. We show that these transparencies arise from different phenomena depending on the symmetry of the guided modes. For the TE0 mode, the quadrupolar and dipolar plasmonic resonances of the nanoparticles are weakly coupled, and the transparency window is due to the plasmonic analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency. For the TE1 mode, the quadrupolar and dipolar resonances of the nanoparticles are strongly coupled, and the transparency is originated from the classical analogue of the Autler–Townes effect. This analysis contributes to the understanding of plasmonic transparency windows, opening new perspectives in the design of on-chip devices for optical communications, sensing, and signal filtering applications.
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6
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Shabbir MW, Leuenberger MN. Theoretical Model of a Plasmonically Enhanced Tunable Spectrally Selective Infrared Photodetector Based on Intercalation-Doped Nanopatterned Multilayer Graphene. ACS Nano 2022; 16:5529-5536. [PMID: 35316039 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We showed in past work that nanopatterned monolayer graphene (NPG) can be used for realizing an ultrafast (∼100 ns) and spectrally selective mid-infrared (mid-IR) photodetector based on the photothermoelectric effect and working in the 8-12 μm regime. In later work, we showed that the absorption wavelength of NPG can be extended to the 3-8 μm regime. Further extension to shorter wavelengths would require a smaller nanohole size that is not attainable with current technology. Here, we show by means of a theoretical model that nanopatterned multilayer graphene intercalated with FeCl3 (NPMLG-FeCl3) overcomes this problem by substantially extending the detection wavelength into the range from λ = 1.3 to 3 μm. We present a proof of concept for a spectrally selective infrared (IR) photodetector based on NPMLG-FeCl3 that can operate from λ = 1.3 to 12 μm and beyond. The localized surface plasmons (LSPs) on the graphene sheets in NPMLG-FeCl3 allow for electrostatic tuning of the photodetection wavelength. Most importantly, the LSPs along with an optical cavity increase the absorbance from about N × 2.6% for N-layer graphene-FeCl3 (without patterning) to nearly 100% for NPMLG-FeCl3, where the strong absorbance occurs locally inside the graphene sheets only. Our IR detection scheme relies on the photothermoelectric effect induced by asymmetric patterning of the multilayer graphene (MLG) sheets. The LSPs on the nanopatterned side create hot carriers that give rise to the Seebeck effect at room temperature, achieving a responsivity of R=6.15×103 V/W, a detectivity of D* = 2.3 × 109 Jones, and an ultrafast response time of the order of 100 ns. Our theoretical results can be used to develop graphene-based photodetection, optical IR communication, IR color displays, and IR spectroscopy over a wide IR range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas Shabbir
- NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Michael N Leuenberger
- NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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7
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Liu C, Zuo X, Xu S, Wang L, Xiong D. Stacked Dual-Band Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector Based on Double-Layer Gold Disk Enhanced Local Light Field. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11102695. [PMID: 34685138 PMCID: PMC8538408 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a stacked dual-band quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) integrated with a double-layer gold disk. Two 10-period quantum wells (QW) operating at different wavelengths are stacked together, and gold nano-disks are integrated on their respective surfaces. Numerical calculations by finite difference time domain (FDTD) showed that the best enhancement can be achieved at 13.2 and 11.0 µm. By integrating two metal disks, two plasmon microcavity structures can be formed with the substrate to excite localized surface plasmons (LSP) so that the vertically incident infrared light can be converted into electric field components perpendicular to the growth direction of the quantum well (EZ). The EZ electric field component can be enhanced up to 20 times compared to the incident light, and it is four times that of the traditional two-dimensional hole array (2DHA) grating. We calculated the enhancement factor and coupling efficiency of the device in the active region of the quantum well. The enhancement factor of the active region of the quantum well on the top layer remains above 25 at the wavelength of 13.2 μm, and the enhancement factor can reach a maximum of 45. Under this condition, the coupling efficiency of the device reaches 2800%. At the wavelength of 11.0 μm, the enhancement factor of the active region of the quantum well at the bottom is maintained above 6, and the maximum can reach about 16, and the coupling efficiency of the device reaches 800%. We also optimized the structural parameters and explored the influence of structural changes on the coupling efficiency. When the radius (r1, r2) of the two metal disks increases, the maximum coupling efficiency will be red-shifted as the wavelength increases. The double-layer gold disk structure we designed greatly enhances the infrared coupling of the two quantum well layers working at different wavelengths in the dual-band quantum well infrared photodetector. The structure we designed can be used in stacked dual-band quantum well infrared photodetectors, and the active regions of quantum wells working at two wavelengths can enhance the photoelectric coupling, and the enhancement effect is significant. Compared with the traditional optical coupling structure, the structure we proposed is simpler in process and has a more significant enhancement effect, which can meet the requirements of working in complex environments such as firefighting, night vision, and medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polarized Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (C.L.); (S.X.); (L.W.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Xuan Zuo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Shaohui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polarized Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (C.L.); (S.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Lianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polarized Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (C.L.); (S.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Dayuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Polarized Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (C.L.); (S.X.); (L.W.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Koya A, Zhu X, Ohannesian N, Yanik AA, Alabastri A, Proietti Zaccaria R, Krahne R, Shih WC, Garoli D. Nanoporous Metals: From Plasmonic Properties to Applications in Enhanced Spectroscopy and Photocatalysis. ACS Nano 2021; 15:6038-6060. [PMID: 33797880 PMCID: PMC8155319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The field of plasmonics is capable of enabling interesting applications in different wavelength ranges, spanning from the ultraviolet up to the infrared. The choice of plasmonic material and how the material is nanostructured has significant implications for ultimate performance of any plasmonic device. Artificially designed nanoporous metals (NPMs) have interesting material properties including large specific surface area, distinctive optical properties, high electrical conductivity, and reduced stiffness, implying their potentials for many applications. This paper reviews the wide range of available nanoporous metals (such as Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Mg, and Pt), mainly focusing on their properties as plasmonic materials. While extensive reports on the use and characterization of NPMs exist, a detailed discussion on their connection with surface plasmons and enhanced spectroscopies as well as photocatalysis is missing. Here, we report on different metals investigated, from the most used nanoporous gold to mixed metal compounds, and discuss each of these plasmonic materials' suitability for a range of structural design and applications. Finally, we discuss the potentials and limitations of the traditional and alternative plasmonic materials for applications in enhanced spectroscopy and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangchao Zhu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nareg Ohannesian
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston Texas 77204, United States
| | - A. Ali Yanik
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Remo Proietti Zaccaria
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Cixi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Denis Garoli
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Faculty of
Science and Technology, Free University
of Bozen, Piazza Università
5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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9
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Perova T, Shaganov I, Berwick K. Accounting for the Local Field When Determining the Dielectric Loss Spectra of Metals in the Region of the Frequencies of Volume, Surface and Localized Plasmon Oscillations. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13030631. [PMID: 32023870 PMCID: PMC7040674 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The optical constant of bulk metal is used to determine the dispersion of the local field under one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) confinement. 3D confinement, expressed as ε 2 m i c ( ω 3 D ) , corresponds to the dielectric loss spectra of spherical particles with a diameter, d, much less than the wavelength of the beam used to measure the spectrum (d << λ). Excellent agreement with the results of Mie theory and experimental data for solid colloids within alkali halide crystals was observed. The function expressed as ε 2 m i c ( ω 1 D ) allows the measurement of spectral micro-characteristics in the frequency range of the longitudinal collective motion of the free electrons. This corresponds to the spectrum of dielectric losses of bulk plasma oscillations. The function ε 2 m i c ( ω 2 D ) describes the spectra of the dielectric losses of surface plasma oscillations in thin metal films. It is shown that the peak positions of ε 2 m i c ( ω 3 D ) , ε 2 m i c ( ω 2 D ) and ε 2 m i c ( ω 1 D ) spectra for simple metals, viz. alkali metals as well as Al, Be, Mg, Ga, In, Sn and Si, are in agreement with experimental results from electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and various optical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Perova
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-896-1432
| | - Igor Shaganov
- Vavilov State Optical Institute, 199034 St.-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Kevin Berwick
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Technical University Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland;
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10
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Velázquez-Salazar JJ, Bazán-Díaz L, Zhang Q, Mendoza-Cruz R, Montaño-Priede L, Guisbiers G, Large N, Link S, José-Yacamán M. Controlled Overgrowth of Five-Fold Concave Nanoparticles into Plasmonic Nanostars and Their Single-Particle Scattering Properties. ACS Nano 2019; 13:10113-10128. [PMID: 31419107 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Growth of anisotropic nanostructures enables the manipulation of optical properties across the electromagnetic spectrum by fine morphological tuning of the nanoparticles. Among them, stellated metallic nanostructures present enhanced properties owing to their complex shape, and hence, the control over the final morphology becomes of great importance. Herein, a seed-mediated method for the high-yield production of goldrich-copper concave branched nanostructures and their structural and optical characterization is reported. The synthesis protocol enabled excellent control and tunability of the final morphology, from concave pentagonal nanoparticles to five-fold branched nanoparticles, named "nanostars". The anisotropic shape was achieved via kinetic control over the synthesis conditions by selective passivation of facets using a capping agent and assisted by the presence of copper chloride ions, both having a crucial impact over the final structure. Optical extinction measurements of nanostars in solution indicated a broad spectral response, hiding the properties of the individual nanostars. Hence, single-particle scattering measurements of individual concave pentagonal nanoparticles and concave nanostars were performed to determine the origin of the multiple plasmon bands by correlation with their morphological features, following their growth evolution. Finite-difference time-domain calculations delivered insights into the geometry-dependent plasmonic properties of concave nanostars and their packed aggregates. Our results uncover the intrinsic scattering properties of individual nanostars and the origin of the broad spectral response, which is mostly due to z-direction packed aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Grégory Guisbiers
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , The University of Arkansas at Little Rock , 2801 South University Avenue , Little Rock , Arkansas 72204 , United States
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11
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Córdova-Castro RM, Casavola M, van Schilfgaarde M, Krasavin AV, Green MA, Richards D, Zayats AV. Anisotropic Plasmonic CuS Nanocrystals as a Natural Electronic Material with Hyperbolic Optical Dispersion. ACS Nano 2019; 13:6550-6560. [PMID: 31117375 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper sulfide nanocrystals have recently been studied due to their metal-like behavior and strong plasmonic response, which make them an attractive material for nanophotonic applications in the near-infrared spectral range; however, the nature of the plasmonic response remains unclear. We have performed a combined experimental and theoretical study of the optical properties of copper sulfide colloidal nanocrystals and show that bulk CuS resembles a heavily doped p-type semiconductor with a very anisotropic energy band structure. As a consequence, CuS nanoparticles possess key properties of relevance to nanophotonics applications: they exhibit anisotropic plasmonic behavior in the infrared and support optical modes with hyperbolic dispersion in the 670-1050 nm spectral range. We also predict that the ohmic loss is low compared to conventional plasmonic materials such as noble metals in the NIR. The plasmonic resonances can be tuned by controlling the size and shape of the nanocrystals, providing a playground for future nanophotonic applications in the near-infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Margoth Córdova-Castro
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology , King's College London , London WC2R 2LS , United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Casavola
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology , King's College London , London WC2R 2LS , United Kingdom
| | - Mark van Schilfgaarde
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology , King's College London , London WC2R 2LS , United Kingdom
| | - Alexey V Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology , King's College London , London WC2R 2LS , United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Green
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology , King's College London , London WC2R 2LS , United Kingdom
| | - David Richards
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology , King's College London , London WC2R 2LS , United Kingdom
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology , King's College London , London WC2R 2LS , United Kingdom
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12
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Nan J, Li M, Zhang L, Yuan S, He B, Zeng H. Terahertz and Photoelectron Emission from Nanoporous Gold Films on Semiconductors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9030419. [PMID: 30871029 PMCID: PMC6474000 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficient terahertz and photoelectron emission were observed from nano-porous gold (NPG) films deposited on an intrinsic gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductor substrate stimulated by femtosecond laser with pulse width of 60 fs. Time-domain THz emission and reflection spectroscopy confirmed that the free charges accelerated by irradiated femtosecond laser pulses transferred from the NPG films into the GaAs substrates. Accordingly, charges accumulation was reduced in the NPG films, resulting in a stronger emission of THz pulse than that from NPG films deposited on SiO2 substrate. Charges injected into the GaAs substrate enforced an observable decrease of the THz refractive index proportional to the intensity of incident light. In comparison, for NPG deposited on glass substrates, laser induced free charges were accumulated in the NPG films, and femtosecond laser pulses irradiating on the NPG films made no changes of the THz refractive index of the glass substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Nan
- State key laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Min Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Boqu He
- State key laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Heping Zeng
- State key laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
- Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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13
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Abstract
Chemical reactions induced by the localized surface plasmon (LSP) of metal nanostructures could be important for a sustainable society to achieve highly efficient conversion from solar energy to chemical energy. However, the reaction mechanism of plasmon chemistry in metal catalysis is still controversial. Mechanistic studies of plasmon chemistry involving direct interactions between the LSP and molecules are reviewed and discussed in terms of the excitation mechanisms of the molecules. We focus on the studies performed using plasmonic metal nanoparticles and highlight the recent progress in plasmon chemistry investigated using scanning probe microscopy with high spatial resolution to obtain mechanistic insights that cannot be obtained by macroscopic analytical methods. This Minireview delivers an overview of the mechanistic understanding of plasmon chemistry in metal catalysis at the current stage, and provides guidance for future studies with respect to clarifying reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Kazuma
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yousoo Kim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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14
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Myroshnychenko V, Nishio N, García de Abajo FJ, Förstner J, Yamamoto N. Unveiling and Imaging Degenerate States in Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Nanometer Resolution. ACS Nano 2018; 12:8436-8446. [PMID: 30067900 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles host localized plasmon excitations that allow the manipulation of optical fields at the nanoscale. Despite the availability of several techniques for imaging plasmons, direct access into the symmetries of these excitations remains elusive, thus hindering progress in the development of applications. Here, we present a combination of angle-, polarization-, and space-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy methods to selectively access the symmetry and degeneracy of plasmonic states in lithographically fabricated gold nanoprisms. We experimentally reveal and spatially map degenerate states of multipole plasmon modes with nanometer spatial resolution and further provide recipes for resolving optically dark and out-of-plane modes. Full-wave simulations in conjunction with a simple tight-binding model explain the complex plasmon structure in these particles and reveal intriguing mode-symmetry phenomena. Our approach introduces systematics for a comprehensive symmetry characterization of plasmonic states in high-symmetry nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Myroshnychenko
- Institute of Electrical Engineering , Paderborn University , Warburger Straße 100 , D-33098 Paderborn , Germany
| | - Natsuki Nishio
- Physics Department , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro-ku, Tokyo , 152-8551 Japan
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona) , Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , Passeig Lluís Companys, 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jens Förstner
- Institute of Electrical Engineering , Paderborn University , Warburger Straße 100 , D-33098 Paderborn , Germany
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Physics Department , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro-ku, Tokyo , 152-8551 Japan
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15
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Liu S, Hou Y, Xie W, Schlücker S, Yan F, Lei DY. Quantitative Determination of Contribution by Enhanced Local Electric Field, Antenna-Amplified Light Scattering, and Surface Energy Transfer to the Performance of Plasmonic Organic Solar Cells. Small 2018; 14:e1800870. [PMID: 29943418 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metal nanostructures are widely used as subwavelength light concentrators to enhance light harvesting of organic solar cells through two photophysical effects, including enhanced local electric field (ELEF) and antenna-amplified light scattering (AALS), while their adverse quenching effect from surface energy transfer (SET) should be suppressed. In this work, a comprehensive study to unambiguously distinguish and quantitatively determine the specific influence and contribution of each effect on the overall performance of organic solar cells incorporated with Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) is presented. By investigating the photon conversion efficiency (PCE) as a function of the SiO2 shell thickness, a strong competition between the ELEF and SET effects in the performance of the devices with the NPs embedded in the active layers is found, leading to a maximum PCE enhancement of 12.4% at the shell thickness of 5 nm. The results give new insights into the fundamental understanding of the photophysical mechanisms responsible for the performance enhancement of plasmonic organic solar cells and provide important guidelines for designing more-efficient plasmonic solar cells in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yidong Hou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dang Yuan Lei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Park HC, Gong S, Cho YH. How Effective is Plasmonic Enhancement of Colloidal Quantum Dots for Color-Conversion Light-Emitting Devices? Small 2017; 13:1701805. [PMID: 29120086 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the fluorescence intensity of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) in case of color-conversion type QD light-emitting devices (LEDs) is very significant due to the large loss of QDs and their quantum yields during fabrication processes, such as patterning and spin-coating, and can therefore improve cost-effectiveness. Understanding the enhancement process is crucial for the design of metallic nanostructure substrates for enhancing the fluorescence of colloidal QDs. In this work, improved color conversion of colloidal green and red QDs coupled with aluminum (Al) and silver (Ag) nanodisk (ND) arrays designed by in-depth systematic finite-difference time domain simulations of excitation, spontaneous emission, and quantum efficiency enhancement is reported. Calculated results of the overall photoluminescence enhancement factor in the substrate of 500 × 500 µm2 size are 2.37-fold and 2.82-fold for Al ND-green QD and Ag ND-red QD structures, respectively. Experimental results are in good agreement, showing 2.26-fold and 2.66-fold enhancements for Al ND and Ag ND structures. Possible uses of plasmonics in cases such as white LED and total color conversion for possible display applications are discussed. The theoretical treatments and experiments shown in this work are a proof of principle for future studies of plasmonic enhancement of various light-emitting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Chul Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Gong
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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17
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Mei C, Liu S, Huang X, Gan Z, Zhou P, Wang H. Localized Surface Plasmon Induced Position-Sensitive Photodetection in Silicon-Nanowire-Modified Ag/Si. Small 2017; 13:1701726. [PMID: 28941064 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon-based approaches are widely applied to improve the efficiency of photoelectric devices such as photosensors and photocells. In order to promote the light absorption and electron-hole pair generation in devices, metallodielectric nanostructures are used to boost the growth of surface plasmons. Here, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are used to modify a metal-semiconductor structure; thus, Ag/SiNWs/Si is manufactured. In this system, a large increased lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) is detected with a maximum positional sensitivity of 65.35 mV mm-1 , which is ≈53-fold and 1000-fold compared to the conventional Ag/Si (1.24 mV mm-1 ) and SiNWs/Si (0.06 mV mm-1 ), respectively. It is demonstrated that localized surface plasmons (LSPs) contribute a lot to the increment of LPE. Furthermore, through the surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of rhodamine-6G and finite-difference time-domain simulation, it is illustrated that silver-coated SiNWs support strong LSPs. The results propose an enhancement mechanism based on LSPs to facilitate the photoelectric conversion in LPE and offer an effective way to improve the sensitivity of photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Science, North University of China, Shan Xi, 030051, China
| | - Xu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhikai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Peiqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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18
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Cuerda J, García-Vidal FJ, Bravo-Abad J. Spatio-temporal Modeling of Lasing Action in Core-Shell Metallic Nanoparticles. ACS Photonics 2016; 3:1952-1960. [PMID: 27785457 PMCID: PMC5073962 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale laser sources based on single metallic nanoparticles (spasers) have attracted significant interest for their fundamental implications and technological potential. Here we theoretically investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of lasing action in core-shell metallic nanoparticles that include optically pumped four-level gain media. By using detailed semiclassical simulations based on a time-domain generalization of the finite-element method, we study the evolution of the lasing dynamics when going from a spherical case to an elongated nanorod configuration. Our calculations show that there exists an optimal nanoparticle elongation that exhibits significantly improved lasing threshold and slope efficiency over those obtained for its spherical counterpart. These results are accounted for in terms of a coupled-mode theory analysis of the variation with elongation of the light confinement properties of localized surface plasmons. This work could be of importance for further development of nanoscale light sources based on localized surface plasmon resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Cuerda
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. J. García-Vidal
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - J. Bravo-Abad
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Smith KW, Zhao H, Zhang H, Sánchez-Iglesias A, Grzelczak M, Wang Y, Chang WS, Nordlander P, Liz-Marzán LM, Link S. Chiral and Achiral Nanodumbbell Dimers: The Effect of Geometry on Plasmonic Properties. ACS Nano 2016; 10:6180-6188. [PMID: 27172606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles with a dumbbell-like geometry have plasmonic properties similar to those of their nanorod counterparts, but the unique steric constraints induced by their enlarged tips result in distinct geometries when self-assembled. Here, we investigate gold dumbbells that are assembled into dimers within polymeric micelles. A single-particle approach with correlated scanning electron microscopy and dark-field scattering spectroscopy reveals the effects of dimer geometry variation on the scattering properties. The dimers are prepared using exclusively achiral reagents, and the resulting dimer solution produces no detectable ensemble circular dichroism response. However, single-particle circular differential scattering measurements uncover that this dimer sample is a racemic mixture of individual nanostructures with significant positive and negative chiroptical signals. These measurements are complemented with detailed simulations that confirm the influence of various symmetry elements on the overall peak resonance energy, spectral line shape, and circular differential scattering response. This work expands the current understanding of the influence self-assembled geometries have on plasmonic properties, particularly with regard to chiral and/or racemic samples which may have significant optical activity that may be overlooked when using exclusively ensemble characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marek Grzelczak
- CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Ciber-BBN , 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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20
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Goh WP, Williams EL, Yang RB, Koh WS, Mhaisalkar S, Ooi ZE. Optimal Shell Thickness of Metal@Insulator Nanoparticles for Net Enhancement of Photogenerated Polarons in P3HT Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:2464-2469. [PMID: 26731049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Embedding metal nanoparticles in the active layer of organic solar cells has been explored as a route for improving charge carrier generation, with localized field enhancement as a proposed mechanism. However, embedded metal nanoparticles can also act as charge recombination sites. To suppress such recombination, the metal nanoparticles are commonly coated with a thin insulating shell. At the same time, this insulating shell limits the extent that the localized enhanced electric field influences charge generation in the organic medium. It is presumed that there is an optimal thickness which maximizes field enhancement effects while suppressing recombination. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) was used to deposit Al2O3 layers of different thicknesses onto silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), in a thin film of P3HT. Photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy was used to study the dependence of the photogenerated P3HT(+) polaron population on the Al2O3 thickness. The optimal thickness was found to be 3-5 nm. This knowledge can be further applied in the design of metal nanoparticle-enhanced solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Peng Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Block N4.1 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Evan L Williams
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ren-Bin Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Wee-Shing Koh
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis North, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Subodh Mhaisalkar
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Block N4.1 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zi-En Ooi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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21
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Allsop T, Arif R, Neal R, Kalli K, Kundrát V, Rozhin A, Culverhouse P, Webb DJ. Photonic gas sensors exploiting directly the optical properties of hybrid carbon nanotube localized surface plasmon structures. Light Sci Appl 2016; 5:e16036. [PMID: 30167146 PMCID: PMC6062426 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the modification of the optical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) resulting from a chemical reaction triggered by the presence of a specific compound (gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2)) and show this mechanism has important consequences for chemical sensing. CNTs have attracted significant research interest because they can be functionalized for a particular chemical, yielding a specific physical response which suggests many potential applications in the fields of nanotechnology and sensing. So far, however, utilizing their optical properties for this purpose has proven to be challenging. We demonstrate the use of localized surface plasmons generated on a nanostructured thin film, resembling a large array of nano-wires, to detect changes in the optical properties of the CNTs. Chemical selectivity is demonstrated using CO2 in gaseous form at room temperature. The demonstrated methodology results additionally in a new, electrically passive, optical sensing configuration that opens up the possibilities of using CNTs as sensors in hazardous/explosive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Allsop
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Raz Arif
- Nanoscience Research Group, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq-Kurdistan Region
| | - Ron Neal
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Maths, Computing and Robotics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Kyriacos Kalli
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Vojtěch Kundrát
- Nanoscience Research Group, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Aleksey Rozhin
- Nanoscience Research Group, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Phil Culverhouse
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Maths, Computing and Robotics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - David J Webb
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
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22
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Eizner E, Avayu O, Ditcovski R, Ellenbogen T. Aluminum Nanoantenna Complexes for Strong Coupling between Excitons and Localized Surface Plasmons. Nano Lett 2015; 15:6215-21. [PMID: 26258257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study the optical dynamics in complexes of aluminum nanoantennas coated with molecular J-aggregates and find that they provide an excellent platform for the formation of hybrid exciton-localized surface plasmons. Giant Rabi splitting of 0.4 eV, which corresponds to ∼10 fs energy transfer cycle, is observed in spectral transmittance. We show that the nanoantennas can be used to manipulate the polarization of hybrid states and to confine their mode volumes. In addition, we observe enhancement of the photoluminescence due to enhanced absorption and increase in the local density of states at the exciton-localized surface plasmon energies. With recent emerging technological applications based on strongly coupled light-matter states, this study opens new possibilities to explore and utilize the unique properties of hybrid states over all of the visible region down to ultraviolet frequencies in nanoscale, technologically compatible, integrated platforms based on aluminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Eizner
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Avayu
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ran Ditcovski
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Ellenbogen
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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23
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Zhang X, Zheng Y, Liu X, Lu W, Dai J, Lei DY, MacFarlane DR. Hierarchical porous plasmonic metamaterials for reproducible ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Adv Mater 2015; 27:1090-6. [PMID: 25534763 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical porous plasmonic metamaterials consisting of periodic nanoholes with tunable diameter and uniformly distributed mesopores over the bulk are developed as a new class of 3D surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. This multiscale architecture not only facilitates efficient cascaded electromagnetic enhancement but also provides an enormous number of Raman-active binding sites, exhibiting excellent reproducibility and ultrasensitive detection of aromatic molecules down to 10(-13) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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24
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Abstract
The strong coupling regime of hybrid plasmonic-molecular systems is a subject of great interest for its potential to control and engineer light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. Recently, the so-called ultrastrong coupling regime, which is achieved when the light-matter coupling rate reaches a considerable fraction of the emitter transition frequency, has been realized in semiconductor and superconducting systems and in organic molecules embedded in planar microcavities or coupled to surface plasmons. Here we explore the possibility to achieve this regime of light-matter interaction at nanoscale dimensions. We demonstrate by accurate scattering calculations that this regime can be reached in nanoshells constituted by a core of organic molecules surrounded by a silver or gold shell. These hybrid nanoparticles can be exploited for the design of all-optical ultrafast plasmonic nanocircuits and -devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Fisica e di Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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25
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Zhu Z, Bai B, Duan H, Zhang H, Zhang M, You O, Li Q, Tan Q, Wang J, Fan S, Jin G. M-shaped grating by nanoimprinting: a replicable, large-area, highly active plasmonic surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate with nanogaps. Small 2014; 10:1603-1611. [PMID: 24665074 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures separated by nanogaps enable strong electromagnetic-field confinement on the nanoscale for enhancing light-matter interactions, which are in great demand in many applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). A simple M-shaped nanograting with narrow V-shaped grooves is proposed. Both theoretical and experimental studies reveal that the electromagnetic field on the surface of the M grating can be pronouncedly enhanced over that of a grating without such grooves, due to field localization in the nanogaps formed by the narrow V grooves. A technique based on room-temperature nanoimprinting lithography and anisotropic reactive-ion etching is developed to fabricate this device, which is cost-effective, reliable, and suitable for fabricating large-area nanostructures. As a demonstration of the potential application of this device, the M grating is used as a SERS substrate for probing Rhodamine 6G molecules. Experimentally, an average SERS enhancement factor as high as 5×10⁸ has been achieved, which verifies the greatly enhanced light-matter interaction on the surface of the M grating over that of traditional SERS surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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26
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Wang F, Li D, Yang D, Que D. The coupling between localized surface plasmons and excitons via Purcell effect. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:669. [PMID: 23216865 PMCID: PMC3533952 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between localized surface plasmons (LSPs) within silver nanostructures and excitons in a silicon-rich silicon nitride (SiNx) matrix has been demonstrated via the Purcell effect. A simple model is employed for the estimation of the Purcell factor as well as the average position of excitons within a luminescence matrix. The estimated average position of the excitons is located at approximately 40 nm beneath the top surface of the SiNx films. The approaches for further improving the optoelectrical properties of the luminescence matrix are anticipated based on the model we adopted. The optimization of the thickness of the luminescence matrix as well as the size and shape of metal nanostructures may be the alternative approaches. Besides, the application of multilayers with the luminescence matrix inserted between barrier layers (we defined it as confined structures here) may be also an available choice. Our work may provide a deep comprehension on the coupling between LSPs and excitons, which is not limited to a certain luminescence material but with unconfined structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Duanlin Que
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Abstract
This paper reports that arrays of three-dimensional (3D), bowtie-shaped Au nanoparticle dimers can exhibit extremely high nonlinear absorption. Near-field interactions across the gap of the 3D bowties at the localized surface plasmon resonance wavelengths resulted in an increase of more than 4 orders of magnitude in local field intensity. The imaginary part of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility (Im χ((3))) for the 3D bowtie arrays embedded in a dielectric material was measured to be 10(-4) esu, more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than reported for other metal nanoparticle-dielectric composites. Moreover, 3D dimers with increased nanoscale structure (such as folding) exhibited increased optical nonlinearity. These 3D nanoantennas can be used as critical elements for nanoscale nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yong Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Mark D. Huntington
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Teri W. Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Karpinski P, Miniewicz A. Surface Plasmon Polariton Excitation in Metallic Layer Via Surface Relief Gratings in Photoactive Polymer Studied by the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. Plasmonics 2011; 6:541-546. [PMID: 21949485 PMCID: PMC3151570 DOI: 10.1007/s11468-011-9234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We performed numerical investigations of surface plasmon excitation and propagation in structures made of a photochromic polymer layer deposited over a metal surface using the finite-difference time-domain method. We investigated the process of light coupling into surface plasmon polariton excitation using surface relief gratings formed on the top of a polymer layer and compared it with the coupling via rectangular ridges grating made directly in the metal layer. We also performed preliminary studies on the influence of refractive index change of photochromic polymer on surface plasmon polariton propagation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Karpinski
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Miniewicz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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