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Gao X, Zheng Z, Diao Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ma L. The effects of litter input and increased precipitation on soil microbial communities in a temperate grassland. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1347016. [PMID: 38650869 PMCID: PMC11033436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Global warming has contributed to shifts in precipitation patterns and increased plant productivity, resulting in a significant increase in litter input into the soils. The enhanced litter input, combined with higher levels of precipitation, may potentially affect soil microbial communities. This study aims to investigate the effects of litter input and increased precipitation on soil microbial biomass, community structure, and diversity in a temperate meadow steppe in northeastern China. Different levels of litter input (0%, +30%, +60%) and increased precipitation (0%, +15%, +30%) were applied over a three-year period (2015-2017). The results showed that litter input significantly increased the biomass of bacteria and fungi without altering their diversity, as well as the ratio of bacterial to fungal biomass. Increased precipitation did not have a notable effect on the biomass and diversity of bacteria and fungi, but it did increase the fungal-to-bacterial biomass ratio. However, when litter input and increased precipitation interacted, bacterial diversity significantly increased while the fungal-to-bacterial biomass ratio remained unchanged. These findings indicate that the projected increases in litter and precipitation would have a substantial impact on soil microbial communities. In energy-and water-limited temperate grasslands, the additional litter inputs and increased precipitation contribute to enhanced nutrient and water availability, which in turn promotes microbial growth and leads to shifts in community structure and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Gao
- Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Zheng
- Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyan Diao
- Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yeming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Wang
- International Economics and Trade, University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Zhang R, Zhang H, Yang C, Li H, Wu J. Effects of water stress on nutrients and enzyme activity in rhizosphere soils of greenhouse grape. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1376849. [PMID: 38562476 PMCID: PMC10982355 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1376849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In grape cultivation, incorrect water regulation will lead to significant water wastage, which in turn will change soil structure and disrupt soil nutrient cycling processes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different water regulation treatments [by setting moderate water stress (W1), mild water stress (W2), and adequate water availability (CK)] on soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activity in greenhouse grape during the growing season. The result showed that the W2 treatment had a negative impact on the build-up of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and available phosphorus (AP). Throughout the reproductive period, the W1 and W2 treatments decreased the soil's microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents, and MBC was more vulnerable to water stress. During the growth period, the trends of urease, catalase, and sucrase activities in different soil depth were ranked as 10-20 cm > 0-10 cm > 20-40 cm. The urease activity in 0-10 cm soil was suppressed by both W1 and W2 treatments, while the invertase activity in various soil layers under W1 treatment differed substantially. The W1 treatment also reduced the catalase activity in the 20-40 cm soil layer in the grape growth season. These findings suggested that W2 treatment can conserve water and enhance microbial ecology of greenhouse grape soils. Therefore, W2 treatment was the most effective water regulation measure for local greenhouse grape cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changyu Yang
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangqi Wu
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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3
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Fetzer J, Moiseev P, Frossard E, Kaiser K, Mayer M, Gavazov K, Hagedorn F. Plant-soil interactions alter nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in an advancing subarctic treeline. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17200. [PMID: 38433308 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Treelines advance due to climate warming. The impacts of this vegetation shift on plant-soil nutrient cycling are still uncertain, yet highly relevant as nutrient availability stimulates tree growth. Here, we investigated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in plant and soil pools along two tundra-forest transects on Kola Peninsula, Russia, with a documented elevation shift of birch-dominated treeline by 70 m during the last 50 years. Results show that although total N and P stocks in the soil-plant system did not change with elevation, their distribution was significantly altered. With the transition from high-elevation tundra to low-elevation forest, P stocks in stones decreased, possibly reflecting enhanced weathering. In contrast, N and P stocks in plant biomass approximately tripled and available P and N in the soil increased fivefold toward the forest. This was paralleled by decreasing carbon (C)-to-nutrient ratios in foliage and litter, smaller C:N:P ratios in microbial biomass, and lower enzymatic activities related to N and P acquisition in forest soils. An incubation experiment further demonstrated manifold higher N and P net mineralization rates in litter and soil in forest compared to tundra, likely due to smaller C:N:P ratios in decomposing organic matter. Overall, our results show that forest expansion increases the mobilization of available nutrients through enhanced weathering and positive plant-soil feedback, with nutrient-rich forest litter releasing greater amounts of N and P upon decomposition. While the low N and P availability in tundra may retard treeline advances, its improvement toward the forest likely promotes tree growth and forest development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Fetzer
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Moiseev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ekaterinenburg, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Kaiser
- Soil Science and Soil Protection, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mathias Mayer
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
- Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Gavazov
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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de Carvalho AM, Ramos MLG, Dos Santos DCR, de Oliveira AD, de Carvalho Mendes I, Silva SB, de Sousa TR, Dantas RDA, Silva AMM, Marchão RL. Understanding the Relations between Soil Biochemical Properties and N 2O Emissions in a Long-Term Integrated Crop-Livestock System. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:365. [PMID: 38337898 PMCID: PMC10857650 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Edaphoclimatic conditions influence nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural systems where soil biochemical properties play a key role. This study addressed cumulative N2O emissions and their relations with soil biochemical properties in a long-term experiment (26 years) with integrated crop-livestock farming systems fertilized with two P and K rates. The farming systems consisted of continuous crops fertilized with half of the recommended P and K rates (CCF1), continuous crops at the recommended P and K rates (CCF2), an integrated crop-livestock system with half of the recommended P and K rates (ICLF1), and an integrated crop-livestock at the recommended P and K rates (ICLF2). The ICLF2 may have promoted the greatest entry of carbon into the soil and positively influenced the soil's biochemical properties. Total carbon (TC) was highest in ICLF2 in both growing seasons. The particulate and mineral-associated fractions in 2016 and 2017, respectively, and the microbial biomass fraction in the two growing seasons were also very high. Acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase in ICLF1 and ICLF2 were highest in 2016. The soil properties correlated with cumulative N2O emissions were TC, total nitrogen (TN), particulate nitrogen (PN), available nitrogen (AN), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The results indicated that ICLF2 induces an accumulation of more stable organic matter (OM) fractions that are unavailable to the microbiota in the short term and result in lower N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | - Divina Cléia Resende Dos Santos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | | | - Ieda de Carvalho Mendes
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18, Planaltina 73310-970, Brazil; (A.D.d.O.); (I.d.C.M.); (R.d.A.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Stefany Braz Silva
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | - Thais Rodrigues de Sousa
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | - Raíssa de Araujo Dantas
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18, Planaltina 73310-970, Brazil; (A.D.d.O.); (I.d.C.M.); (R.d.A.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | | | - Robélio Leandro Marchão
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18, Planaltina 73310-970, Brazil; (A.D.d.O.); (I.d.C.M.); (R.d.A.D.); (R.L.M.)
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Lu Z, Qin G, Gan S, Liu H, Macreadie PI, Cheah W, Wang F. Blue carbon sink capacity of mangroves determined by leaves and their associated microbiome. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17007. [PMID: 37916453 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves play a globally significant role in carbon capture and storage, known as blue carbon ecosystems. Yet, there are fundamental biogeochemical processes of mangrove blue carbon formation that are inadequately understood, such as the mechanisms by which mangrove afforestation regulates the microbial-driven transfer of carbon from leaf to below-ground blue carbon pool. In this study, we addressed this knowledge gap by investigating: (1) the mangrove leaf characteristics using state-of-the-art FT-ICR-MS; (2) the microbial biomass and their transformation patterns of assimilated plant-carbon; and (3) the degradation potentials of plant-derived carbon in soils of an introduced (Sonneratia apetala) and a native mangrove (Kandelia obovata). We found that biogeochemical cycling took entirely different pathways for S. apetala and K. obovata. Blue carbon accumulation and the proportion of plant-carbon for native mangroves were high, with microbes (dominated by K-strategists) allocating the assimilated-carbon to starch and sucrose metabolism. Conversely, microbes with S. apetala adopted an r-strategy and increased protein- and nucleotide-biosynthetic potentials. These divergent biogeochemical pathways were related to leaf characteristics, with S. apetala leaves characterized by lower molecular-weight, C:N ratio, and lignin content than K. obovata. Moreover, anaerobic-degradation potentials for lignin were high in old-aged soils, but the overall degradation potentials of plant carbon were age-independent, explaining that S. apetala age had no significant influences on the contribution of plant-carbon to blue carbon. We propose that for introduced mangroves, newly fallen leaves release nutrient-rich organic matter that favors growth of r-strategists, which rapidly consume carbon to fuel growth, increasing the proportion of microbial-carbon to blue carbon. In contrast, lignin-rich native mangrove leaves shape K-strategist-dominated microbial communities, which grow slowly and store assimilated-carbon in cells, ultimately promoting the contribution of plant-carbon to the remarkable accumulation of blue carbon. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of microbial community responses during reforestation in mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guoming Qin
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuchai Gan
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Ocean Sciences and Division of Life Sciences, School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wee Cheah
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faming Wang
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Jia P, Qu G, Jia J, Li D, Sun Y, Liu L. Long-term Spartina alterniflora invasion simplified soil seed bank and regenerated community in a coastal marsh wetland. Ecol Appl 2024; 34:e2754. [PMID: 36177771 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The coastal wetland is easily invaded by alien species due to locating in the land and sea transitional area. As a potential driving regeneration force, the soil seed bank is vital to the community restoration and species diversity protection. To reveal the long-term Spartina alterniflora invasion impact on the soil seed banks and regenerated communities, we investigated the seed banks under the different vegetation types (S. alterniflora, Phragmites australis, Scirpus mariqueter, ruderal and unvegetated site) and soil depths (0-5 and 5-10 cm) in the coastal salt marsh wetland, Chongming island, eastern China. The results showed that the soil seed bank richness and species density under different vegetation types were higher than the aboveground vegetation, and those of 0-5 cm seed banks were higher than 5-10 cm, except for the unvegetated site. The species richness and S. alterniflora seed proportion in the seed banks under S. alterniflora communities (S.AS) were lower and larger respectively than those of other sites. The species composition between S.AS and the aboveground communities showed high similarity with aggregation phylogenetic structures in two soil depths. The seed bank variations at 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths were interpreted 3.03% and 2.25% by the aboveground communities, while 4.92% and 5.55% were interpreted by the soil microbial biomass. The SEM model explained 98.1% and 91.8% of the seed banks richness at the 0-5 cm depth and 5-10 cm depth, respectively, and explained 98.8% and 46.1% of the seed banks species density at the 0-5 cm depth and 5-10 cm depth, respectively. The aboveground vegetation biomass and abundance directly affected the 0-5 cm seed banks richness and species density, while its height and biomass only affected the 5-10 cm seed banks species density. The 0-10 cm soil depth microbial biomass indirectly affected the 0-5 cm seed banks richness and species density, while affected the 5-10 cm seed banks richness. Soil physical and chemical properties only indirectly affected the 0-5 cm seed banks species density. The results provided a reference for the ecological evaluation of the impacts of S. alterniflora invasion into the coastal salt marsh wetland of eastern China, and guidance for the protection and restoration of the native plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojuan Qu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jia
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Shah GM, Farooq U, Shabbir Z, Guo J, Dong R, Bakhat HF, Wakeel M, Siddique A, Shahid N. Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate Application. Toxics 2023; 11:1008. [PMID: 38133410 PMCID: PMC10747593 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in the soil potentially hampers microbial biomass and adversely affects their services such as decomposition and mineralization of organic matter. It can reduce nitrogen (N) metabolism and consequently affect plant growth and physiology. Further, Cd accumulation in plants can pose health risks through vegetable consumption. Here, we investigated consequences of Cd contamination on fertilizer value and associated health risks following the application of biogas residues (BGR) to various soil types. Our results indicate that the application of BGR to all soil types significantly increased dry matter (DM) yield and N uptake. However, the Cd contamination negatively affected DM yield and N recovery from BGR in a dose-dependent manner. Organic N mineralization from BGR also decreased in Cd-contaminated soils. The highest DM yield and N recovery were recorded in sandy soil, whereas the lowest values were observed in clay soil. Cadmium was accumulated in spinach, and health risk index (HRI) associated with its dietary intake revealed that consuming spinach grown in Cd-contaminated soil, with or without BGR, is unsafe. Among the soil types, values of daily intake of metals (DIM) and HRI were lowest in clay soil and highest in sandy soil. However, the application of BGR curtailed HRI across all soil types. Notably, the application of BGR alone resulted in HRI values < 1, which are under the safe limit. We conclude that soil contamination with Cd reduces fertilizer value and entails implications for human health. However, the application of BGR to the soil can decrease Cd effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Umer Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Shabbir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Renjie Dong
- Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wakeel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Siddique
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Naeem Shahid
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60629 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Wang Y, Bao H, Kavana DJ, Li Y, Li X, Yan L, Xu W, Yu B. Effects of Vegetation Types and Soil Properties on Regional Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Salinized Reservoir Wetland, Northeast China. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3767. [PMID: 37960123 PMCID: PMC10649285 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the spatial variability in soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) and their possible relationships with other soil properties in the Hongqipao reservoir, which is dominated by different vegetation types. The results showed that there were high spatial variabilities in SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN, and that the SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN contents decreased with increasing soil depth in the Hongqipao reservoir. The SOC was significantly positively correlated with TN, SMBC, moisture content (MC) and negatively correlated with carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio) and bulk density (BD). Soil TN was significantly positively correlated with SMBC, SMBN, MC and negatively correlated with the C:N ratio, BD and pH. The SMBC was significantly positively correlated with SMBN, MC and negatively correlated with the C:N ratio, BD and pH. The SMBN was significantly negatively correlated with the C:N ratio and BD. All of the measures of soil properties in this study could explain the higher significant variability in the response variables (SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN contents). The generalized additive model (GAM) showed that SOC and TN had different influencing factors in different soil depths. The structural equation model (SEM) showed that vegetation types had a significantly positive effect on TN and SMBN, and the soil depths had a significantly positive effect on SOC and a significantly negative effect on TN and SMBC. This study further suggests that vegetation types play a major role in determining the spatial characteristics of soil carbon and nitrogen, and any changes in the vegetation types in the reservoir may influence the distributions of soil carbon and nitrogen. This may affect the global carbon and nitrogen budgets and the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.W.); (H.B.); (D.J.K.); (L.Y.); (W.X.)
| | - Heng Bao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.W.); (H.B.); (D.J.K.); (L.Y.); (W.X.)
| | - David J. Kavana
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.W.); (H.B.); (D.J.K.); (L.Y.); (W.X.)
| | - Yuncong Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA;
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China;
| | - Linlu Yan
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.W.); (H.B.); (D.J.K.); (L.Y.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenjing Xu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.W.); (H.B.); (D.J.K.); (L.Y.); (W.X.)
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.W.); (H.B.); (D.J.K.); (L.Y.); (W.X.)
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Wang P, Xie W, Ding L, Zhuo Y, Gao Y, Li J, Zhao L. Effects of Maize-Crop Rotation on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Enzyme Activities, Microbial Biomass and Microbial Community Structure in Southwest China. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2621. [PMID: 38004632 PMCID: PMC10672910 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducing cover crops into maize rotation systems is widely practiced to increase crop productivity and achieve sustainable agricultural development, yet the potential for crop rotational diversity to contribute to environmental benefits in soils remains uncertain. Here, we investigated the effects of different crop rotation patterns on the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial communities in soils from field experiments. Crop rotation patterns included (i) pure maize monoculture (CC), (ii) maize-garlic (CG), (iii) maize-rape (CR) and (iv) maize-annual ryegrass for one year (Cir1), two years (Cir2) and three years (Cir3). Our results showed that soil physicochemical properties varied in all rotation patterns, with higher total and available phosphorus concentrations in CG and CR and lower soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations in the maize-ryegrass rotations compared to CC. Specifically, soil fertility was ranked as CG > Cir2 > CR > Cir3 > CC > Cir1. CG decreased enzyme activities but enhanced microbial biomass. Cir2 decreased carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) acquiring enzyme activities and soil microbial C and N concentrations, but increased phosphorus (P) acquiring enzyme activities and microbial biomass P concentrations compared to CC. Soil bacterial and fungal diversity (Shannon index) were lower in CG and Cir2 compared to CC, while the richness (Chao1 index) was lower in CG, CR, Cir1 and Cir2. Most maize rotations notably augmented the relative abundance of soil bacteria, including Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Rokubacteria, while not necessarily decreasing the abundance of soil fungi like Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Anthophyta. Redundancy analysis indicated that nitrate-N, ammonium-N and microbial biomass N concentrations had a large impact on soil bacterial communities, whereas nitrate-N and ammonium-N, available P, soil organic C and microbial biomass C concentrations had a greater effect on soil fungal communities. In conclusion, maize rotations with garlic, rape and ryegrass distinctly modify soil properties and microbial compositions. Thus, we advocate for garlic and annual ryegrass as maize cover crops and recommend a two-year rotation for perennial ryegrass in Southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puchang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Wenhui Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Leilei Ding
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guiyang 550006, China;
| | - Yingping Zhuo
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Junqin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.X.); (Y.Z.)
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10
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Wang L, Hamel C, Lu P, Wang J, Sun D, Wang Y, Lee SJ, Gan GY. Using enzyme activities as an indicator of soil fertility in grassland - an academic dilemma. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1175946. [PMID: 37484467 PMCID: PMC10360189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1175946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands play an important role in conserving natural biodiversity and providing ecosystem functions and services for societies. Soil fertility is an important property in grassland, and the monitoring of soil fertility can provide crucial information to optimize ecosystem productivity and sustainability. Testing various soil physiochemical properties related to fertility usually relies on traditional measures, such as destructive sampling, pre-test treatments, labor-intensive procedures, and costly laboratory measurements, which are often difficult to perform. However, soil enzyme activity reflecting the intensity of soil biochemical reactions is a reliable indicator of soil properties and thus enzyme assays could be an efficient alternative to evaluate soil fertility. Here, we review the latest research on the features and functions of enzymes catalyzing the biochemical processes that convert organic materials to available plant nutrients, increase soil carbon and nutrient cycling, and enhance microbial activities to improve soil fertility. We focus on the complex relationships among soil enzyme activities and functions, microbial biomass, physiochemical properties, and soil/crop management practices. We highlight the biochemistry of enzymes and the rationale for using enzyme activities to indicate soil fertility. Finally, we discuss the limits and disadvantages of the potential new molecular tool and provide suggestions to improve the reliability and feasibility of the proposed alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Tideland Reclamation and Ecological Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chantal Hamel
- Soil Microbiology Scientist, Commerciale, Rivière-à-Pierre, QC, Canada
| | - Peina Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junying Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Tideland Reclamation and Ecological Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandi Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Tideland Reclamation and Ecological Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Tideland Reclamation and Ecological Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Soon-Jae Lee
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gary Y. Gan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Tideland Reclamation and Ecological Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Agroecosystems, the uBC-Soil Group, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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11
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Dai ZC, Liu YX, Dang N, Wang ZR, Cai JP, Zhang YG, Song YB, Li H, Jiang Y. Short-term legacy effects of long-term nitrogen and water addition on soil chemical properties and micro-bial characteristics in a temperate grassland. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1834-1844. [PMID: 37694467 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202307.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen deposition and summer precipitation in eastern Inner Mongolia are predicted to increase in recent decades. However, such increases in nitrogen inputs and precipitation may not be continuous under the future new patterns of global change, with the direction and magnitude of which may change or weaken. The legacy effects of nitrogen and water addition after cessation on ecosystems are still unclear. Based on a 13-year nitrogen and water addition experiment in temperate grassland of northern China, we examined the short-term (2 years) legacy effects of historical nitrogen and water addition on soil physicochemical properties and microbial properties after the cessation of nitrogen and water addition in the 14th year. The results showed that the positive effects of historical nitrogen addition on most of soil nutrient variables diminished after two years of cessation, including ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, and Olsen-P concentrations. In contrast, there were legacy effects on soil microbial characteristics. For example, the historical nitrogen input of 15 g N·m-2·a-1 reduced microbial biomass carbon, respiration, and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity by 73.3%, 81.9%, and 70.3% respectively. It implied that microbial parameters restored slowly in comparison with soil nutrients, showing a hysteresis effect. Results of Pearson's correlation and redundancy analysis showed that the legacy effects of historical nitrogen addition on microbial parameters could be attributed to the negative effects of nitrogen addition on soil pH. Historical water addition showed significant legacy effects on soil pH, ammonium nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, respiration, and soil enzyme activities, which significantly interacted with historical nitrogen addition. These results are of great significance to predict the changes in grassland ecosystem functions and services under the local environmental improvement conditions, and to reveal the restoration mechanism of degraded grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Cheng Dai
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yue-Xiu Liu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Ning Dang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhi-Rui Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Cai
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu-Ge Zhang
- College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Yong-Bo Song
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Rusu L, Suceveanu EM, Blaga AC, Nedeff FM, Șuteu D. Insights into Recent Advances of Biomaterials Based on Microbial Biomass and Natural Polymers for Sustainable Removal of Pharmaceuticals Residues. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2923. [PMID: 37447569 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are acknowledged as emerging contaminants in water resources. The concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment has increased due to the rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry, the increasing use of human and veterinary drugs, and the ineffectiveness of conventional technologies to remove pharmaceutical compounds from water. The application of biomaterials derived from renewable resources in emerging pollutant removal techniques constitutes a new research direction in the field. In this context, the article reviews the literature on pharmaceutical removal from water sources using microbial biomass and natural polymers in biosorption or biodegradation processes. Microorganisms, in their active or inactive form, natural polymers and biocomposites based on inorganic materials, as well as microbial biomass immobilized or encapsulated in polymer matrix, were analyzed in this work. The review examines the benefits, limitations, and drawbacks of employing these biomaterials, as well as the prospects for future research and industrial implementation. From these points of view, current trends in the field are clearly reviewed. Finally, this study demonstrated how biocomposites made of natural polymers and microbial biomass suggest a viable adsorbent biomaterial for reducing environmental pollution that is also efficient, inexpensive, and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lăcrămioara Rusu
- Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, 157 Calea Mărăşeşti, 600115 Bacau, Romania
| | - Elena-Mirela Suceveanu
- Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, 157 Calea Mărăşeşti, 600115 Bacau, Romania
| | - Alexandra-Cristina Blaga
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering an Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University from Iasi, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Marian Nedeff
- Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, 157 Calea Mărăşeşti, 600115 Bacau, Romania
| | - Daniela Șuteu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering an Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University from Iasi, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
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13
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Bera S, Chowdhury D, Han J, Singh J. Editorial: Applied and sustainable methods to manage environmental contaminants with natural and fortified microbial biosorbents. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1220337. [PMID: 37350782 PMCID: PMC10282994 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1220337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Bera
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Debabrata Chowdhury
- School of Medicine - Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Korneykova MV, Myazin VA, Fokina NV, Chaporgina AA, Nikitin DA, Dolgikh AV. Structure of Microbial Communities and Biological Activity in Tundra Soils of the Euro-Arctic Region (Rybachy Peninsula, Russia). Microorganisms 2023; 11:1352. [PMID: 37317328 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of the Arctic regions' study is rapidly increasing due to the sensitive response of fragile ecosystems to climate change and anthropogenic pressure. The microbiome is an important component that determines the soils' functioning and an indicator of changes occurring in ecosystems. Rybachy Peninsula is the northernmost part of the continental European Russia and is almost completely surrounded by Barents Sea water. For the first time, the microbial communities of the Entic Podzol, Albic Podzol, Rheic Histosol and Folic Histosol as well as anthropogenically disturbed soils (chemical pollution and human impact, growing crops) on the Rybachy Peninsula were characterized using plating and fluorescence microscopy methods, in parallel with the enzymatic activity of soils. The amount and structure of soil microbial biomass, such as the total biomass of fungi and prokaryote, the length and diameter of fungal and actinomycete mycelium, the proportion of spores and mycelium in the fungal biomass, the number of spores and prokaryotic cells, the proportion of small and large fungal spores and their morphology were determined. In the soils of the peninsula, the fungal biomass varied from 0.121 to 0.669 mg/g soil. The biomass of prokaryotes in soils ranged from 9.22 to 55.45 μg/g of soil. Fungi predominated, the proportion of which in the total microbial biomass varied from 78.5 to 97.7%. The number of culturable microfungi ranged from 0.53 to 13.93 × 103 CFU/g in the topsoil horizons, with a maximum in Entic Podzol and Albic Podzol soils and a minimum in anthropogenically disturbed soil. The number of culturable copiotrophic bacteria varied from 41.8 × 103 cells/g in a cryogenic spot to 5551.3 × 103 cells /g in anthropogenically disturbed soils. The number of culturable oligotrophic bacteria ranged from 77.9 to 12,059.6 × 103 cells/g. Changes in natural soils because of anthropogenic impact and a change in vegetation types have led to a change in the structure of the community of soil microorganisms. Investigated tundra soils had high enzymatic activity in native and anthropogenic conditions. The β-glucosidase and urease activity were comparable or even higher than in the soils of more southern natural zone, and the activity of dehydrogenase was 2-5 times lower. Thus, despite the subarctic climatic conditions, local soils have a significant biological activity upon which the productivity of ecosystems largely depends. The soils of the Rybachy Peninsula have a powerful enzyme pool due to the high adaptive potential of soil microorganisms to the extreme conditions of the Arctic, which allows them to perform their functions even under conditions of anthropogenic interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Korneykova
- Smart Urban Nature Research Center, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russia
- Department of Ecology of Microorganisms, Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems-Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre "Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Science", Apatity 184209, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Myazin
- Department of Ecology of Microorganisms, Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems-Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre "Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Science", Apatity 184209, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Fokina
- Department of Ecology of Microorganisms, Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems-Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre "Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Science", Apatity 184209, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Chaporgina
- Department of Ecology of Microorganisms, Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems-Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre "Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Science", Apatity 184209, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Nikitin
- Department of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Moscow 119017, Russia
| | - Andrey V Dolgikh
- Department of Soil Geography and Evolution, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119017, Russia
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15
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Liu C, Siri M, Li H, Ren C, Huang J, Feng C, Liu K. Drought is threatening plant growth and soil nutrients of grassland ecosystems: A meta-analysis. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10092. [PMID: 37250445 PMCID: PMC10208897 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As a widespread direct effect of global warming, drought is currently wreaking havoc on terrestrial ecosystems' structure and function, however, the synthesized analysis is lacked to explore the general rules between drought changes and main functional factors of grassland ecosystems. In this work, meta-analysis was used to examine the impacts of drought on grassland ecosystems in recent decades. According to the results, drought greatly reduced aboveground biomass (AGB), aboveground net primary production (ANPP), height, belowground biomass (BGB), belowground net primary production (BNPP), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil respiration (SR), and increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and the ratio of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC/MBN). The drought-related environmental factor mean annual temperature (MAT) was negatively correlated with AGB, height, ANPP, BNPP, MBC, and MBN, however, mean annual precipitation (MAP) had positive effect on these variables. These findings indicate that drought is threatening the biotic environment of grassland ecosystem, and the positive steps should be taken to address the negative effects of drought on grassland ecosystems due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Muji Siri
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hui Li
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cheng Ren
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changliang Feng
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kesi Liu
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Field Station of Grassland Ecosystem in GuyuanGuyuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
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16
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Lyu FZ, Yang YL, Bao XL, Zhang CR, Zheng TT, He HB, Zhang XD, Xie HT. Effects of no-tillage and different stover mulching amounts on soil microbial community and microbial residue in the Mollisols of China. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:903-912. [PMID: 37078307 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202304.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of no-tillage and different amounts of stover mulch on soil microbial community composition and their residues, we set up a field experiment of different amounts of stover mulch under no-tillage on the long-term maize conservation tillage station located in the Mollisols area of Northeast China (built in 2007), including without stover mulch (NT0), 1/3 stover mulch (NT1/3), 2/3 stover mulch (NT2/3) and full stover mulch (NT3/3), and the conservation tillage (plowing without stover mulch, CT) as control. We analyzed phospholipid fatty acid, amino sugar biomarker and soil physicochemical properties at different soil layers (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm). The results showed that compared to CT, no-tillage without stover mulch (NT0) did not affect soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON), water content, microbial community and their residue. The main effects of no-tillage and stover mulch were found in the topsoil. Specifically, the NT1/3, NT2/3 and NT3/3 significantly increased SOC content by 27.2%, 34.1% and 35.6%, respectively, phospholipid fatty acid content was significantly increased under NT2/3 and NT3/3 by 39.2% and 65.0%, respectively, and NT3/3 significantly increased the content of microbial residue-amino sugar by 47.2% in the depth of 0-5 cm compared with CT. The variations in soil properties and microbial community induced by no-tillage and different amounts stover mulch decreased with soil depth, with almost no difference in the 5-20 cm soil layer. SOC, TN, DOC, DON, and water content were the main factors influencing the composition of the microbial community and the accumulation of microbial residue. Microbial biomass was positively correlated with microbial residue, particularly fungal residue. In conclusion, all stover mulch treatments promoted SOC accumulation to different degrees. When there is sufficient stover, it is advisable to opt for no-tillage with full stover mulch, as it is most conducive to the increases of soil microbial biomass, microbial residue and SOC. In case when the amount of stover is inadequate, however, no-tillage with 2/3 stover mulch can still improve soil microbial biomass and SOC content. This study would provide practical guidance for stover management in conservation tillage and sustainable agricultural development in the Mollisols area of Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ze Lyu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ya-Li Yang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xue-Lian Bao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chang-Ren Zhang
- College of Geographical Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zheng
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hong-Bo He
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hong-Tu Xie
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Shenyang 110016, China
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17
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Yang J, Diao H, Li G, Wang R, Jia H, Wang C. Higher N Addition and Mowing Interactively Improved Net Primary Productivity by Stimulating Gross Nitrification in a Temperate Steppe of Northern China. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1481. [PMID: 37050107 PMCID: PMC10097329 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbance, such as nitrogen (N) fertilization and mowing, is constantly changing the function and structure of grassland ecosystems during past years and will continue to affect the sustainability of arid and semiarid grassland in the future. However, how and whether the different N addition levels and the frequency of N addition, as well as the occurrence of mowing, affect the key processes of N cycling is still unclear. We designed a field experiment with five levels of N addition (0, 2, 10, 20, and 50 g N m-2 yr-1), two types of N addition frequencies (twice a year added in June/November and monthly addition), and mowing treatment in a typical grassland of northern China. The results showed that higher N addition and mowing interactively improved net primary productivity (NPP), including aboveground and belowground biomass, while different N addition frequency had no significant effects on NPP. Different N addition levels significantly improved gross ammonification (GA) and nitrification (GN) rates, which positively correlated to aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). However, the effect of N addition frequency was differentiated with N addition levels, the highest N addition level (50 g N m-2 yr-1) with lower frequency (twice a year) significantly increased GA and GN rates. Mowing significantly increased the GA rate but decreased the GN rate both under the highest N addition level (50 g N m-2 yr-1) and lower N addition frequency (twice a year), which could improve N turnover by stimulating plant and microbial activity. However, a long-term study of the effects of N enrichment and mowing on N turnover will be needed for understanding the mechanisms by which nutrient cycling occurs in typical grassland ecosystems under global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030810, China
| | - Huajie Diao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecological Protection and Native Grass Germplasm Innovation, College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecological Protection and Native Grass Germplasm Innovation, College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecological Protection and Native Grass Germplasm Innovation, College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Huili Jia
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecological Protection and Native Grass Germplasm Innovation, College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecological Protection and Native Grass Germplasm Innovation, College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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18
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McDaniel MD, Bird JA, Pett-Ridge J, Marin-Spiotta E, Schmidt TM, Grandy AS. Diversifying and perennializing plants in agroecosystems alters retention of new C and N from crop residues. Ecol Appl 2023; 33:e2784. [PMID: 36478617 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Managing soils to retain new plant inputs is key to moving toward a sustainable and regenerative agriculture. Management practices, like diversifying and perennializing agroecosystems, may affect the decomposer organisms that regulate how new residue is converted to persistent soil organic matter. Here we tested whether 12 years of diversifying/perennializing plants in agroecosystems through extended rotations or grassland restoration would decrease losses of new plant residue inputs and, thus, increase retention of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil. We tracked dual-labeled (13 C and 15 N), isotopically enriched wheat (Triticum aestivum) residue in situ for 2 years as it decomposed in three agroecosystems: maize-soybean (CS) rotation, maize-soybean-wheat plus red clover and cereal rye cover crops (CSW2), and spring fallow management with regeneration of natural grassland species (seven to 10 species; SF). We measured losses of wheat residue (Cwheat and Nwheat ) in leached soil solution and greenhouse gas fluxes, as well as how much was recovered in microbial biomass and bulk soil at 5-cm increments down to 20 cm. CSW2 and SF both had unique, significant effects on residue decomposition and retention dynamics that were clear only when using nuanced metrics that able to tease apart subtle differences. For example, SF retained a greater portion of Cwheat in 0-5 cm surface soils (155%, p = 0.035) and narrowed the Cwheat to Nwheat ratio (p < 0.030) compared to CS. CSW2 increased an index of carbon-retention efficiency, Cwheat retained in the mesocosm divided by total measured, from 0.18 to 0.27 (49%, p = 0.001), compared to CS. Overall, we found that diversifying and extending the duration of living plants in agroecosystems can lead to greater retention of new residue inputs in subtle ways that require further investigation to fully understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall D McDaniel
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bird
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Queens College, CUNY & The CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
- Life & Environmental Sciences Department, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Erika Marin-Spiotta
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tom M Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - A Stuart Grandy
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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19
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Jahn LJ, Rekdal VM, Sommer MOA. Microbial foods for improving human and planetary health. Cell 2023; 186:469-478. [PMID: 36657442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The current food production system is negatively impacting planetary and human health. A transition to a sustainable and fair food system is urgently needed. Microorganisms are likely enablers of this process, as they can produce delicious and healthy microbial foods with low environmental footprints. We review traditional and current approaches to microbial foods, such as fermented foods, microbial biomass, and food ingredients derived from microbial fermentations. We discuss how future advances in science-driven fermentation, synthetic biology, and sustainable feedstocks enable a new generation of microbial foods, potentially impacting the sustainability, resilience, and health effects of our food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J Jahn
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, DTU Biosustain, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vayu M Rekdal
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, DTU Biosustain, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Morten O A Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, DTU Biosustain, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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20
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Du Y, Wang YP, Hui D, Su F, Yan J. Significant effects of precipitation frequency on soil respiration and its components-A global synthesis. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1188-1205. [PMID: 36408676 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global warming intensifies the hydrological cycle, which results in changes in precipitation regime (frequency and amount), and will likely have significant impacts on soil respiration (Rs ). Although the responses of Rs to changes in precipitation amount have been extensively studied, there is little consensus on how Rs will be affected by changes in precipitation frequency (PF) across the globe. Here, we synthesized the field observations from 296 published papers to quantify the effects of PF on Rs and its components using meta-analysis. Our results indicated that the effects of PF on Rs decreased with an increase in background mean annual precipitation. When the data were grouped by climate conditions, increased PF showed positive effects on Rs under the arid condition but not under the semi-humid or humid conditions, whereas decreased PF suppressed Rs across all the climate conditions. The positive effects of increased PF mainly resulted from the positive response of heterotrophic respiration under the arid condition while the negative effects of decreased PF were mainly attributed to the reductions in root biomass and respiration. Overall, our global synthesis provided for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the divergent effects of PF on Rs and its components across climate regions. This study also provided a framework for understanding and modeling responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to global precipitation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Du
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fanglong Su
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Xiao XQ, Zhang HK, Feng YS, Wang JP, Liang CF, Chen YC, Zhu GD, Cai YJ. Effects of plant residues on C:N:P of soil, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme in an alpine mea-dow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:58-66. [PMID: 36799377 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202301.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant residues can affect C:N:P of soil, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme, but the effects are still unclear. We conducted a field experiment in an alpine meadow on the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to explore the effects of removing aboveground plant or roots and adding plant residues on the C:N:P of soil, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme. The results showed that removing aboveground plant biomass significantly decreased soil C:N (the change was -23.7%, the same below) and C:P (-14.7%), microbial biomass C:P and N:P, while significantly increased microbial biomass C:N, and enzyme C:N:P compared with meadow without human disturbance. Removing all plant biomass (aboveground and roots) significantly reduced soil C:N (-11.6%), C:P (-24.0%), N:P (-23.3%) and microbial biomass C:N in comparison to removing aboveground plant, while significantly improved microbial biomass N:P and enzyme N:P. Adding plant residues after removing aboveground plant significantly increased microbial biomass C:N and C:P, enzyme C:N compared with removing aboveground plant, while significantly decreased enzyme N:P. Compared with removing all the plant, adding plant residues after removing whole plant significantly reduced soil C:N (-16.4%), microbial biomass C:P, N:P and enzyme N:P, while significantly increased enzyme C:N. Our results suggest that removal of plants could have a strong effect on C:N:P of soil, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme, and C:N:P of microbial biomass and that extracellular enzyme woule be more sensitive to plant residues. Roots could play a key role in stabilizing C:N:P of soil, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme under plant residues addition. Adding plant residues could be a suitable solution for restoring alpine meadows under the circumstance of intact roots, which was conducive to soil C storage, but might not be suitable for alpine meadows with serious root damage, which would increase soil CO2 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University/College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hai-Kuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University/College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ya-Si Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University/College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ji-Peng Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Chen-Fei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University/College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - You-Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University/College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Gao-di Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University/College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University/College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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22
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Bajić B, Vučurović D, Vasić Đ, Jevtić-Mučibabić R, Dodić S. Biotechnological Production of Sustainable Microbial Proteins from Agro-Industrial Residues and By-Products. Foods 2022; 12. [PMID: 36613323 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial proteins, i.e., single-cell proteins or microbial biomass, can be cultivated for food and animal feed due to their high protein content and the fact that they represent a rich source of carbohydrates, minerals, fats, vitamins, and amino acids. Another advantage of single-cell proteins is their rapid production due to the growth rate of microorganisms and the possibility of using agro-industrial waste, residues and by-products for production through this renewable technology. Agro-industrial residues and by-products represent materials obtained from various processes in agriculture and agriculture-related industries; taking into account their composition and characteristics, as well as vast amounts, they have an enormous potential to generate sustainable bioproducts, such as microbial proteins. This review aims to summarize contemporary scientific research related to the production of microbial proteins on various agro-industrial residues and by-products, as well as to emphasize the current state of production of single-cell proteins and the importance of their production to ease the food crisis and support sustainable development.
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23
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Shao M, Zhang S, Niu B, Pei Y, Song S, Lei T, Yun H. Soil texture influences soil bacterial biomass in the permafrost-affected alpine desert of the Tibetan plateau. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007194. [PMID: 36578569 PMCID: PMC9791195 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Under warm climate conditions, permafrost thawing results in the substantial release of carbon (C) into the atmosphere and potentially triggers strong positive feedback to global warming. Soil microorganisms play an important role in decomposing organic C in permafrost, thus potentially regulating the ecosystem C balance in permafrost-affected regions. Soil microbial community and biomass are mainly affected by soil organic carbon (SOC) content and soil texture. Most studies have focused on acidic permafrost soil (pH < 7), whereas few examined alkaline permafrost-affected soil (pH > 7). In this study, we analyzed soil microbial communities and biomass in the alpine desert and steppe on the Tibetan plateau, where the soil pH values were approximately 8.7 ± 0.2 and 8.5 ± 0.1, respectively. Our results revealed that microbial biomass was significantly associated with mean grain size (MGS) and SOC content in alkaline permafrost-affected soils (p < 0.05). In particular, bacterial and fungal biomasses were affected by SOC content in the alpine steppe, whereas bacterial and fungal biomasses were mainly affected by MGS and SOC content, respectively, in the alpine desert. Combined with the results of the structural equation model, those findings suggest that SOC content affects soil texture under high pH-value (pH 8-9) and that soil microbial biomass is indirectly affected. Soils in the alpine steppe and desert are dominated by plagioclase, which provides colonization sites for bacterial communities. This study aimed to highlight the importance of soil texture in managing soil microbial biomass and demonstrate the differential impacts of soil texture on fungal and bacterial communities in alkaline permafrost-affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyin Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Niu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pei
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Song
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhu Lei
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Tianzhu Lei, ; Hanbo Yun,
| | - Hanbo Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, BeiLu'He Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,*Correspondence: Tianzhu Lei, ; Hanbo Yun,
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24
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Abrahão A, Marhan S, Boeddinghaus RS, Nawaz A, Wubet T, Hölzel N, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Freitag M, Hamer U, Oliveira RS, Lambers H, Kandeler E. Microbial drivers of plant richness and productivity in a grassland restoration experiment along a gradient of land-use intensity. New Phytol 2022; 236:1936-1950. [PMID: 36128644 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) underlying grassland plant richness and productivity are typically coupled with nutrient availability; however, we lack understanding of how restoration measures to increase plant diversity might affect PSFs. We examined the roles of sward disturbance, seed addition and land-use intensity (LUI) on PSFs. We conducted a disturbance and seed addition experiment in 10 grasslands along a LUI gradient and characterized plant biomass and richness, soil microbial biomass, community composition and enzyme activities. Greater plant biomass at high LUI was related to a decrease in the fungal to bacterial ratios, indicating highly productive grasslands to be dominated by bacteria. Lower enzyme activity per microbial biomass at high plant species richness indicated a slower carbon (C) cycling. The relative abundance of fungal saprotrophs decreased, while pathogens increased with LUI and disturbance. Both fungal guilds were negatively associated with plant richness, indicating the mechanisms underlying PSFs depended on LUI. We show that LUI and disturbance affect fungal functional composition, which may feedback on plant species richness by impeding the establishment of pathogen-sensitive species. Therefore, we highlight the need to integrate LUI including its effects on PSFs when planning for practices that aim to optimize plant diversity and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abrahão
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Sven Marhan
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Runa S Boeddinghaus
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Landwirtschaftliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg, 76227, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstr. 2, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392, Gießen, Germany
- Center for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstrasse 3, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Freitag
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ute Hamer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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25
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Dmitrović S, Pajčin I, Vlajkov V, Grahovac M, Jokić A, Grahovac J. Dairy and Wine Industry Effluents as Alternative Media for the Production of Bacillus-Based Biocontrol Agents. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:663. [PMID: 36354577 PMCID: PMC9687624 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Food industry effluents represent one of the major concerns when it comes to environmental impact; hence, their valorization through different chemical and biological routes has been suggested as a possible solution. The vast amount of organic and inorganic nutrients present in food industry effluents makes them suitable substrates for microbial growth. This study suggests two valorization routes for whey as dairy industry effluent and flotation wastewater from the wine industry through microbial conversion to biocontrol agents as value-added products. Cultivations of the biocontrol strain Bacillus sp. BioSol021 were performed in a 16 L bioreactor to monitor the bioprocess course and investigate bioprocess kinetics in terms of microbial growth, sugar substrate consumption and surfactin synthesis, as an antimicrobial lipopeptide. The produced biocontrol agents showed high levels of biocontrol activity against mycotoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, followed by a significant reduction of sugar load of the investigated effluents by the producing microorganisms. With proven high potential of whey and winery flotation wastewater to be used as substrates for microbial growth, this study provides grounds for further optimization of the suggested valorization routes, mostly in terms of bioprocess conditions to achieve maximal techno-economical feasibility, energy saving and maximal reduction of effluents' organic and inorganic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Dmitrović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Pajčin
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vanja Vlajkov
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mila Grahovac
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Jokić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Grahovac
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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26
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Elrys AS, Chen Z, Wang J, Uwiragiye Y, Helmy AM, Desoky ESM, Cheng Y, Zhang JB, Cai ZC, Müller C. Global patterns of soil gross immobilization of ammonium and nitrate in terrestrial ecosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:4472-4488. [PMID: 35445472 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial nitrogen (N) immobilization, which typically results in soil N retention but based on the balance of gross N immobilization over gross N production, affects the fate of the anthropogenic reactive N. However, global patterns and drivers of soil gross immobilization of ammonium (INH4 ) and nitrate (INO3 ) are still only tentatively known. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis considering gross N production rates, soil properties, and climate and their interactions for a deeper understanding of the patterns and drivers of INH4 and INO3 . By compiling and analyzing 1966 observations from 274 15 N-labelled studies, we found a global average of INH4 and INO3 of 7.41 ± 0.72 and 2.03 ± 0.30 mg N kg-1 day-1 with a ratio of INO3 to INH4 (INO3 :INH4 ) of 0.79 ± 0.11. Soil INH4 and INO3 increased with increasing soil gross N mineralization (GNM) and nitrification (GN), microbial biomass, organic carbon, and total N and decreasing soil bulk density. Our analysis revealed that GNM and GN were the main stimulators for INH4 and INO3 , respectively. The structural equation modeling showed that higher soil microbial biomass, total N, pH, and precipitation stimulate INH4 and INO3 through enhancing GNM and GN. However, higher temperature and soil bulk density suppress INH4 and INO3 by reducing microbial biomass and total N. Soil INH4 varied with terrestrial ecosystems, being greater in grasslands and forests, which have higher rates of GNM, than in croplands. The highest INO3 :INH4 was observed in croplands, which had higher rates of GN. The global average of GN to INH4 was 2.86 ± 0.31, manifesting a high potential risk of N loss. We highlight that anthropogenic activities that influence soil properties and gross N production rates likely interact with future climate changes and land uses to affect soil N immobilization and, eventually, the fate of the anthropogenic reactive N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Zhaoxiong Chen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yves Uwiragiye
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Environmental Management and Renewable Energy, University of Technology and Arts of Byumba, Byumba, Rwanda
| | - Ayman M Helmy
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yi Cheng
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Soil Utilization & Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Bo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zu-Cong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Wang YF, Liu ZY, Zhang BG, Yu SQ, Cai YJ. [Effects of the removal of invasive Moso bamboo on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in subtropical forests]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:1233-1239. [PMID: 35730081 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202205.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Removal of invasive plant species is the first step to restoring the invaded ecosystems. The soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities were measured in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) pure forest (completely invasion), invasive P. edulis removal forest (secondary succession 5 years after clear cutting), and the evergreen broadleaved forest (no invasion) in Tianmu Mountain. The results showed that compared with P. edulis pure forest, invasive P. edulis removal significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium, as well as microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), while significantly decreased microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). The activities of α-glucosidase (AG), β-glucosidase (BG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and phenol oxidase (POX) in the forest with removal of invasive P. edulis were significantly higher than those in P. edulis pure forest, while invasive P. edulis removal did not change the activities of cellodisaccharide hydrolase (CBH), β-N-acetyl-glucosaminopeptidase (NAG), acid phosphatase (ACP) and peroxidase (PER). Furthermore, the activities of AG, BG and LAP were positively correlated with SOC and MBC, while the increase in POX activity was positively correlated with soil nitrate content. In addition, MBC, MBN and MBP, and activities of AG, BG, NAG, LAP and ACP in P. edulis removal forest forest were significantly higher than those in evergreen broadleaved forests. Taken together, the removal of invasive P. edulis could increase soil nutrient contents, microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities, thus could be considered as an effective way to restore the invaded forests. Our results provide important theoretical basis for controlling P. edulis invasion in subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Wang
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zong-Yue Liu
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Bao-Gang Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shu-Quan Yu
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Cai
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Liu JJ, Yin YL, Li SX, Zhao W, Su SF, Dong YL. [Effects of regulation measure on soil and microbial biomass of moderately degraded alpine meadow in Qilian Mountain, China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:988-994. [PMID: 35543051 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of different regulation measures (spring rest grazing, spring rest grazing-cutting turf, spring rest grazing-cutting turf-fertilization, spring rest grazing-cutting turf-sowing, spring rest grazing-cutting turf-fertilization-sowing) on vegetation, soil physical and chemical properties, and soil microbial biomass in mode-rately degraded alpine meadow in Qilian Mountain. The results showed that all the regulation measures significantly increased plant coverage and aboveground and underground biomass of degraded alpine meadows. Plant species richness increased significantly under the two measures of spring rest grazing-cutting turf-fertilization and spring rest grazing-cutting turf-fertilization-sowing. The dominant species of spring rest grazing-cutting turf-sowing and spring rest grazing-cutting turf-fertilization-sowing was Poa pratensis cv. Qinghai. Soil pH and bulk density in moderately degraded alpine meadow (control) were significantly higher than those of all regulation measures. Soil water content, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total potassium, carbon-nitrogen ratio and nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of spring rest grazing-cutting turf-fertilization-sowing measures were the highest, which were 21.3%, 22.30 g·kg-1, 2.77 g·kg-1, 19.93 g·kg-1, 8.3 and 3.5, respectively. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus (104.98 and 40.74 mg·kg-1) of degraded meadows under spring rest grazing-cutting turf-fertilization-sowing measures were significantly higher than those of other measures, while soil microbial biomass carbon (240.72 mg·kg-1) of degraded meadows under spring rest grazing-cutting turf-fertilization measures was significantly higher than that of other measures. The results of radar map showed that the regulation measures affected the characteristics of degra-ded meadow vegetation (aboveground and underground biomass), soil physical and chemical properties (water content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium) and soil microbial biomass (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus). Spring rest grazing-cutting turf-fertilization-sowing measures had the best performance in restoraing degraded meadows in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Liu
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Ya-Li Yin
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Shi-Xiong Li
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining 810016, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Shi-Feng Su
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yi-Ling Dong
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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Ullah A, Farooq M, Qadeer A, Sanaullah M. Impact of zinc and plant growth-promoting bacteria on soil health as well as aboveground biomass of desi and kabuli chickpea under arid conditions. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:2262-2269. [PMID: 34622444 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) deficiency and low soil fertility are the major factors responsible for low yield in chickpea. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Zn application and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) (endophyte Enterobacter sp. MN17) on soil health and aboveground biomass of desi and kabuli chickpea under natural field conditions. Zn was applied as seed priming (0.001 mol L-1 ) and soil application (10 kg Zn ha-1 ) with and without PGPB. To determine the impacts of Zn and PGPB on soil biological health, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil extracellular enzyme activities were analyzed at two growth stages: vegetative (90 days after sowing) and maturity (163 days after sowing). RESULTS The highest aboveground biomass (5.1 t ha-1 ) was recorded with Zn seed priming + PGPB in kabuli chickpea and in desi chickpea (4.8 t ha-1 ) with Zn seed priming only. The application of Zn significantly increased soil MBC, which was higher in kabuli (795 and 731 μg C g-1 ) compared to desi chickpea (655 and 533 μg C g-1 ) at both vegetative and reproductive growth stages, respectively. The highest extracellular soil enzyme activities, - β-glucosidase (4758 nmol g-1 h-1 ), acid phosphatase (5508 nmol g-1 h-1 ), chitinase (5997 nmol g-1 h-1 ) and leucine aminopeptidase (993 nmol g-1 h-1 ) - were recorded with Zn seed priming. Of the chickpea types, kabuli chickpea had higher soil extracellular enzyme activities in the rhizosphere than desi chickpea. CONCLUSION Zn seed priming along with PGPB application may improve soil health and chickpea biomass in marginal soils. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Oman
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Oman
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sanaullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Fiuza DAF, Vitorino LC, Souchie EL, Neto MR, Bessa LA, da Silva CF, Trombela NT. Effect of Rhizobacteria Inoculation via Soil and Seeds on Glycine max L. Plants Grown on Soils with Different Cropping History. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040691. [PMID: 35456743 PMCID: PMC9031610 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Field experiments testing the effect of phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria (PSRB) should consider the cropping history and the method used to inoculate the strains. We evaluated the hypothesis that PSRB previously isolated from soybean seedlings could be effective in promoting growth in this oilseed crop in soils with different cultivation periods. We also evaluated whether this growth promotion could be influenced by cultivation histories or the inoculation method (via seeds or soil). Thus, we conducted an experiment in five fields cultivating Glycine max during two seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021), to test the effectiveness of PSRB (SAF9-Brevibacillus sp., SAF11-Brevibacillus sp., and SAC36-Bacillus velezensis) compared with results observed for the inoculant BiomaPhos (mix of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium). The present study was based on the evaluation of vegetative growth, nutritional and yield parameters, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). PSRB were more effective than, or showed similar effectiveness to, BiomaPhos for most of the evaluated vegetative, nutritional, and yield characteristics. In the fields tested in the summer 2019/2020 crop, SAC36 and SAF9 strains stood out as growth promoters, whereas in the 2020/2021 crop, SAF11, SAC36, and BiomaPhos were notable. There did not seem to be a direct relationship between long histories of soybean cultivation as a monoculture and low yield in the field. However, yield seems to be associated with soil nutritional characters such as Ca, Mg, K, P, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter levels. PSRB inoculation positively affected nodulation (NN) and nodule dry mass (NDM) in the evaluated fields in the 2019/2020 crop, and the aerial part dry mass (APDM), NN, NDM, yield, and MBC of the evaluated fields in the 2020/2021 crop. In contrast, the inoculation method was observed to have a strong effect on APDM, NN, root dry mass, and MBC, as the plants inoculated via seed showed higher mean values than those in the plants inoculated via soil. This study demonstrated the growth-promoting potential of new phosphate-solubilizing strains, which may eventually be incorporated by the biostimulants market to freely compete with BiomaPhos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Almeida Fonseca Fiuza
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Highway Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil; (D.A.F.F.); (E.L.S.); (M.R.N.); (C.F.d.S.); (N.T.T.)
| | - Luciana Cristina Vitorino
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Highway Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil; (D.A.F.F.); (E.L.S.); (M.R.N.); (C.F.d.S.); (N.T.T.)
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics of Biodiversity, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Edson Luiz Souchie
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Highway Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil; (D.A.F.F.); (E.L.S.); (M.R.N.); (C.F.d.S.); (N.T.T.)
| | - Moacir Ribeiro Neto
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Highway Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil; (D.A.F.F.); (E.L.S.); (M.R.N.); (C.F.d.S.); (N.T.T.)
| | - Layara Alexandre Bessa
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics of Biodiversity, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition and CEAGRE, Exponential Agriculture Center of Excellence, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil
| | - Cintia Faria da Silva
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Highway Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil; (D.A.F.F.); (E.L.S.); (M.R.N.); (C.F.d.S.); (N.T.T.)
| | - Natasha Taline Trombela
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Highway Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil; (D.A.F.F.); (E.L.S.); (M.R.N.); (C.F.d.S.); (N.T.T.)
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Hu ZE, Xiao ML, Wang S, Tong YY, Lu SB, Chen JP, Ge TD. [Effects of Plastic Mulch Film on Soil Nutrients and Ecological Enzyme Stoichiometry in Farmland]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:1649-1656. [PMID: 35258229 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecological enzyme stoichiometry can be used to evaluate the limit of soil microbial energy and nutrient resources. To illustrate the effects of plastic mulch film on soil ecological enzyme stoichiometry in farmland, this study collected soil with different amounts of mulching film residual and used the fluorescence analysis to determine the activities of key enzymes for the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycle processes including β-1,4-glycosidase (BG), β-1,4-N-acetyl amino glycosidase (NAG), and phosphatase (ACP) activity. This study investigated the effects of plastic mulch film on soil nutrient cycling and supply in farmland. The results showed that in the soil with chemical fertilizer, plastic film mulching decreased soil Olsen-P and NO3--N contents to 48%-62% and 16%-24% of those in the soil without plastic film mulching, respectively. In the soil with the combined application of organic-chemical fertilizers, plastic film mulching increased Olsen-P and NO3--N contents by 144%-203% and 1.9-5.1 times, respectively. In the organic-chemical fertilization soils, plastic film mulching decreased SOC:TN in soils by 6.6%-25.8%, whereas it increased SOC:TP and TN:TP significantly. MBC, MBN, and MBP contents in the soil with plastic film mulching were significantly lower than that in non-plastic film mulching farmland, and there were no significant differences in MBC:MBN and MBC:MBP between soil with and without plastic film mulching. The MBN:MBP was reduced by 36.6% and 23.8% in S1 and S2, and 5.4 and 1.3 times in S3 and S4 by plastic film mulching, respectively. The change pattern of NAG:ACP in soil was similar to that of the corresponding elements ratio in microbial biomass. In the soil from plastic film mulching, the ratio of BG:NAG was 1.3-15 times higher in organic-chemical fertilization soils than that with only chemical fertilizer. In conclusion, plastic film mulching reduced the availability of soil nutrients, and organic-chemical fertilization alleviated the limitation of soil nutrients to a certain extent. This study deepened the understanding of the response of soil microorganisms to nutrient cycling after plastic film mulching. It provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the farmland management in the use of plastic film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-E Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mou-Liang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yao-Yao Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shun-Bao Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ti-da Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Liu YX, Pan YQ, Yang L, Ahmad S, Zhou XB. Stover return and nitrogen application affect soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a double-season maize field. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:387-395. [PMID: 34866298 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cultivation techniques have an important influence on grain yield of maize. This experiment investigated the effect of stover return (SR) and different nitrogen (N) application rate on soil organic carbon (SOC) composition, soil nutrient and maize yield. Different nitrogen application rate 100 (N100), 150 (N150), 200 (N200), 250 (N250) or 300 (N300) kg ha-1 applied to the maize field with stover return and without stover return traditional planting (TP) method. Nitrogen application rate and stover return affected the SOC, labile organic carbon (LOC), microbial biomass (MBC), NO3 - -N, NH4 + -N and maize yield. Soil N, soil carbon content and maize yield of SR were all higher than TP. The SOC content of SR and TP were 9.67 and 9.19 g kg-1 , respectively. Nitrogen application was significantly and positively correlated with soil MBC, LOC, SOC, NO3 - -N, NH4 + -N and yield. The maximum values of SOC composition, soil nutrients and maize yield were reached at SR with 250 kg ha-1 . Stover return with application of N 250 kg ha-1 significantly increased the growth attribute and maize yield in subtropical region compared with traditional planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Liu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Y Q Pan
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - L Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - S Ahmad
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - X B Zhou
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Wang LJ, Cheng RM, Xiao WF, Sun PF, Shen YF, Zeng LX, Chen T. [Effects of nitrogen addition on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities of Pinus massoniana- Quercus variabilis mixed plantations in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:42-50. [PMID: 35224924 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202201.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of nitrogen addition (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N·hm-2·a-1) to soil microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and nutrient contents of the Pinus massoniana-Quercus variabilis mixed plantations in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, with the aim to provide a theoretical basis for predicting soil carbon dynamics under the background of continuously increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition in this area. The results showed that nitrogen addition at all levels led to a significant increase of the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) in the forest soil, while a decrease of soil pH-value, and no significant effect on the total phosphorus content. Nitrogen addition increased the activities of β-1-4 glucosidase (BG), cellobiose hydrolase (CB), acid phosphatase (AP), N-acetylglucosaminosidase (NAG) and peroxidase (POD), while inhibited that of polyphenol oxidase (PPO). There was a significant seasonal variation in soil oxidase activities, in which the peroxidase activity was higher in May and August, and the polyphenol oxidase activity was the highest in August. Soil enzyme activities were significantly correlated with soil moisture and the contents of soil nutrients, MBC, MBN, and MBP. The variation of soil enzyme activities was caused by the comprehensive effects of multiple factors. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the contents of total soil nitrogen and MBC were the main environmental factors driving soil enzyme activities. The continuous increase of atmosphere nitrogen deposition would lead to soil acidification and promote the turnover of soil organic carbon and nutrient cycling in the Pinus massoniana-Quercus variabilis mixed plantations of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Rui-Mei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen-Fa Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peng-Fei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ya-Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Li-Xiong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Akinwole PO, Kan J, Kaplan LA, Findlay RH. Spatial Variability in Streambed Microbial Community Structure across Two Watersheds. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0197221. [PMID: 34908462 DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.01972-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both spatial and temporal variability are key attributes of sedimentary microbial communities, and while spatial effects on beta-diversity appear to dominate at larger distances, the character of spatial variability at finer scales remains poorly understood, especially for headwater stream communities. We investigated patterns of microbial community structure (MCS) in biofilms attached to streambed sediments from two watersheds across spatial scales spanning <1 m within a single stream to several hundred kilometers between watersheds. Analyses of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles indicated that the variations in MCS were driven by increases in the relative abundance of microeukaryotic photoautotrophs and their contribution to total microbial biomass. Furthermore, streams within watersheds had similar MCS, underscoring watershed-level controls of microbial communities. Moreover, bacterial community structure assayed as either PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) fingerprints or PLFA profiles edited to remove microeukaryotes indicated a distinct watershed-level biogeography. No distinct stream order-level distributions were identified, although DGGE analyses clearly indicated that there was greater variability in community structure among 1st-order streams than among 2nd- and 3rd-order streams. Longitudinal gradients in microbial biomass and structure showed that the greatest variations were associated with 1st-order streams within a watershed, and 68% of the variation in total microbial biomass was explained by sediment atomic carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio), percent carbon, sediment surface area, and percent water content. This study confirms a distinct microbial biogeography for headwater stream communities driven by environmental heterogeneity across distant watersheds and suggests that eukaryotic photoautotrophs play a key role in structuring bacterial communities on streambed sediments. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms in streams drive many biogeochemical reactions of global significance, including nutrient cycling and energy flow; yet, the mechanisms responsible for the distribution and composition of streambed microbial communities are not well known. We sampled sediments from multiple streams in two watersheds (Neversink River [New York] and White Clay Creek [WCC; Pennsylvania] watersheds) and measured microbial biomass and total microbial and bacterial community structures using phospholipid and molecular methods. Microbial and bacterial community structures displayed a distinct watershed-level biogeography. The smallest headwater streams within a watershed showed the greatest variation in microbial biomass, and 68% of that variation was explained by the atomic carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio), percent carbon, sediment surface area, and percent water content. Our study revealed a nonrandom distribution of microbial communities in streambeds, and showed that microeukaryotic photoautotrophs, environmental heterogeneity, and geographical distance influence microbial composition and spatial distribution.
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Moradi M, Molaei R, Kousheh SA, T Guimarães J, McClements DJ. Carbon dots synthesized from microorganisms and food by-products: active and smart food packaging applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1943-1959. [PMID: 34898337 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2015283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is rapidly becoming a commercial reality for application in food packaging. In particular, the incorporation of nanoparticles into packaging materials is being used to increase the shelf life and safety of foods. Carbon dots (C-dots) have a diverse range of potential applications in food packaging. They can be synthesized from environmentally friendly sources such as microorganisms, food by-products, and waste streams, or they may be generated in foods during normal processing operations, such as cooking. These processes often produce nitrogen- and sulfur-rich heteroatom-doped C-dots, which are beneficial for certain applications. The incorporation of C-dots into food packaging materials can improve their mechanical, barrier, and preservative properties. Indeed, C-dots have been used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, photoluminescent, and UV-light blocker additives in food packaging materials to reduce the chemical deterioration and inhibit the growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in foods. This article reviews recent progress on the synthesis of C-dots from microorganisms and food by-products of animal origin. It then highlights their potential application for the development of active and intelligent food packaging materials. Finally, a discussion of current challenges and future trends is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Moradi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rahim Molaei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Alaleh Kousheh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Elrys AS, Wang J, Metwally MAS, Cheng Y, Zhang JB, Cai ZC, Chang SX, Müller C. Global gross nitrification rates are dominantly driven by soil carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry and total nitrogen. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:6512-6524. [PMID: 34510656 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil gross nitrification (GN) is a critical process in the global nitrogen (N) cycle that results in the formation of nitrate through microbial oxidation of ammonium or organic N, and can both increase N availability to plants and nitrous oxide emissions. Soil GN is thought to be mainly controlled by soil characteristics and the climate, but a comprehensive analysis taking into account the climate, soil characteristics, including microbial characteristics, and their interactions to better understand the direct and indirect controlling factors of GN rates globally is lacking. Using a global meta-analysis based on 901 observations from 330 15 N-labeled studies, we show that GN differs significantly among ecosystem types, with the highest rates found in croplands, in association with higher pH which stimulates nitrifying bacteria activities. Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrifications contribute 63% and 37%, respectively, to global GN. Soil GN increases significantly with soil total N, microbial biomass, and soil pH, but decreases significantly with soil carbon (C) to N ratio (C:N). Structural equation modeling suggested that GN is mainly controlled by C:N and soil total N. Microbial biomass and pH are also important factors controlling GN and their effects are similar. Precipitation and temperature affect GN by altering C:N and/or soil total N. Soil total N and temperature drive heterotrophic nitrification, whereas C:N and pH drive autotrophic nitrification. Moreover, GN is positively related to nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions. This synthesis suggests that changes in soil C:N, soil total N, microbial population size, and/or soil pH due to anthropogenic activities may influence GN, which will affect nitrate accumulation and gaseous emissions of soils under global climate and land-use changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jing Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohamed A S Metwally
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yi Cheng
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Soil Utilization & Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Bo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zu-Cong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Elrys AS, Ali A, Zhang H, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Cai ZC, Müller C, Chang SX. Patterns and drivers of global gross nitrogen mineralization in soils. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:5950-5962. [PMID: 34407262 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil gross nitrogen (N) mineralization (GNM), a key microbial process in the global N cycle, is mainly controlled by climate and soil properties. This study provides for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the role of soil physicochemical properties and climate and their interactions with soil microbial biomass (MB) in controlling GNM globally. Through a meta-analysis of 970 observations from 337 published papers from various ecosystems, we found that GNM was positively correlated with MB, total carbon, total N and precipitation, and negatively correlated with bulk density (BD) and soil pH. Our multivariate analysis and structural equation modeling revealed that GNM is driven by MB and dominantly influenced by BD and precipitation. The higher total N accelerates GNM via increasing MB. The decrease in BD stimulates GNM via increasing total N and MB, whereas higher precipitation stimulates GNM via increasing total N. Moreover, the GNM varies with ecosystem type, being greater in forests and grasslands with high total carbon and MB contents and low BD and pH compared to croplands. The highest GNM was observed in tropical wet soils that receive high precipitation, which increases the supply of soil substrate (total N) to microbes. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic activities that affect soil microbial population size, BD, soil substrate availability, or soil pH may interact with changes in precipitation regime and land use to influence GNM, which may ultimately affect ecosystem productivity and N loss to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Ali
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zu-Cong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Liu M, Chen Y, Zeng T, Lu X, Yang B, Wang Y, Zhang L, Nie X, Xiao F, Zhang Z, Sun J. Plants and Microbes Mediate the Shift in Ecosystem Multifunctionality From Low to High Patterns Across Alpine Grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:760599. [PMID: 34721489 PMCID: PMC8554250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.760599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Both plant communities and soil microbes have been reported to be correlated with ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the process and mechanism of aboveground and belowground communities on different EMF patterns are not clear. In order to explore different response patterns and mechanisms of EMF, we divided EMF into low (<0) and high patterns (>0). We found that there were contrasting patterns of low and high EMF in the alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Specifically, compared with low EMF, environmental factors showed higher sensitivity to high EMF. Soil properties are critical factors that mediate the impact of community functions on low EMF based on the change of partial correlation coefficients from 0 to 0.24. In addition, plant community functions and microbial biomass may mediate the shift of EMF from low to high patterns through the driving role of climate across the alpine grassland ecosystem. Our findings will be vital to clarify the mechanism for the stability properties of grassland communities and ecosystems under ongoing and future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Management Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, China
- School of Life Sciences and School of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biological Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Command Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feipeng Xiao
- College of Management Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Management Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jiang Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Jin Z, Shan S, Ping L. Effects of Biochar Application on Enzyme Activities in Tea Garden Soil. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:728530. [PMID: 34621730 PMCID: PMC8490741 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.728530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal-manure biochar used as a sustainable amendment to garden soil has been widely applied, and the animal-manure pyrolysis temperatures would also have a regulatory effect on soil functions because of their affections on biochar physio-chemical properties. Here we studied the effects of different dosages of swine-manure biochar on tea garden soil functions, with the swine-manure pyrolysis temperature differed at 350 and 500°C. The results showed that the improvement of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities was closely related to the addition of 0.5-2% (biochar wt/soil wt) swine-manure biochar. Under different conditions of different carbon application rates and carbon type, the addition of 2% swine-manure biochar pyrolyzed at 350°C showed the best effects on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents. Compared to the control, after the addition of 2% swine-manure biochar, sucrase, phosphatase, catalase, and urease activities increased by 63.3, 23.2, 50.3, and 27.9%, respectively. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents also increased by 36.4 and 34.3%, respectively. Our study indicated that the effectiveness of using animal-manure swine-manure biochar as a sustainable amendment to soil would provide evidence of tea garden soil improvement and the environmental response to the usage of biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zewen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Ping
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Sadiq M, Mazhar U, Shah GA, Hassan Z, Iqbal Z, Mahmood I, Wattoo FM, Khan Niazi MB, Bran A, Arthur K, Ali N, Rashid MI. Zinc Plus Biopolymer Coating Slows Nitrogen Release, Decreases Ammonia Volatilization from Urea and Improves Sunflower Productivity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3170. [PMID: 34578067 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the global agriculture productivity is heavily relied on the use of chemical fertilizers. However, the low nutrient utilization efficiency (NUE) is the main obstacle for attaining higher crop productivity and reducing nutrients losses from these fertilizers to the environment. Coating fertilizer with micronutrients and biopolymer can offer an opportunity to overcome these fertilizers associated problems. Here, we coated urea with zinc sulphate (ZnS) and ZnS plus molasses (ZnSM) to control its N release, decrease the ammonia (NH3) volatilization and improve N utilization efficiency by sunflower. Morphological analysis confirmed a uniform coating layer formation of both formulations on urea granules. A slow release of N from ZnS and ZnSM was observed in water. After soil application, ZnSM decreased the NH3 emission by 38% compared to uncoated urea. Most of the soil parameters did not differ between ZnS and uncoated urea treatment. Microbial biomass N and Zn in ZnSM were 125 and 107% higher than uncoated urea, respectively. Soil mineral N in ZnSM was 21% higher than uncoated urea. Such controlled nutrient availability in the soil resulted in higher sunflower grain yield (53%), N (80%) and Zn (126%) uptakes from ZnSM than uncoated fertilizer. Hence, coating biopolymer with Zn on urea did not only increase the sunflower yield and N utilization efficiency but also meet the micronutrient Zn demand of sunflower. Therefore, coating urea with Zn plus biopolymer is recommended to fertilizer production companies for improving NUE, crop yield and reducing urea N losses to the environment in addition to fulfil crop micronutrient demand.
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Blaga AC, Zaharia C, Suteu D. Polysaccharides as Support for Microbial Biomass-Based Adsorbents with Applications in Removal of Heavy Metals and Dyes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2893. [PMID: 34502933 PMCID: PMC8433894 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biosorbents for the decontamination of industrial effluent (e.g., wastewater treatment) by retaining non-biodegradable pollutants (antibiotics, dyes, and heavy metals) has been investigated in order to develop inexpensive and effective techniques. The exacerbated water pollution crisis is a huge threat to the global economy, especially in association with the rapid development of industry; thus, the sustainable reuse of different treated water resources has become a worldwide necessity. This review investigates the use of different natural (living and non-living) microbial biomass types containing polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids (natural polymers) as biosorbents in free and immobilized forms. Microbial biomass immobilization performed by using polymeric support (i.e., polysaccharides) would ensure the production of efficient biosorbents, with good mechanical resistance and easy separation ability, utilized in different effluents' depollution. Biomass-based biosorbents, due to their outstanding biosorption abilities and good efficiency for effluent treatment (concentrated or diluted solutions of residuals/contaminants), need to be used in industrial environmental applications, to improve environmental sustainability of the economic activities. This review presents the most recent advances related the main polymers such as polysaccharides and microbial cells used for biosorbents production; a detailed analysis of the biosorption capability of algal, bacterial and fungal biomass; as well as a series of specific applications for retaining metal ions and organic dyes. Even if biosorption offers many advantages, the complexity of operation increased by the presence of multiple pollutants in real wastewater combined with insufficient knowledge on desorption and regeneration capacity of biosorbents (mostly used in laboratory scale) requires more large-scale biosorption experiments in order to adequately choose a type of biomass but also a polymeric support for an efficient treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cristina Blaga
- Department of Organic, Biochemical and Food Engineering, ‘Cristofor Simionescu’ Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environment Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 D. Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Carmen Zaharia
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, ‘Cristofor Simionescu’ Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environment Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 D. Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Daniela Suteu
- Department of Organic, Biochemical and Food Engineering, ‘Cristofor Simionescu’ Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environment Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 D. Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
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Chai LJ, Qian W, Zhong XZ, Zhang XJ, Lu ZM, Zhang SY, Wang ST, Shen CH, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Mining the Factors Driving the Evolution of the Pit Mud Microbiome under the Impact of Long-Term Production of Strong-Flavor Baijiu. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0088521. [PMID: 34160281 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00885-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mud cellar creates a unique microenvironment for the fermentation of strong-flavor baijiu (SFB). Recent research and long-term practice have highlighted the key roles of microbes inhabiting pit mud in the formation of SFB’s characteristic flavor. A positive correlation between the quality of SFB and cellar age was extracted from practice; however, the evolutionary patterns of pit mud microbiome and driving factors remain unclear. Here, based on the variation regularity analysis of microbial community structure and metabolites of samples from cellars of different ages (∼30/100/300 years), we further investigated the effects of lactate and acetate (main microbial metabolites in fermented grains) on modulating the pit mud microbiome. Esters (50.3% to 64.5%) dominated the volatile compounds identified in pit mud, and contents of the four typical acids (lactate, hexanoate, acetate, and butyrate) increased with cellar age. Bacteria (9.5 to 10.4 log10 [lg] copies/g) and archaea (8.3 to 9.1 lg copies/g) mainly constituted pit mud microbiota, respectively dominated by Clostridia (39.7% to 81.2%) and Methanomicrobia (32.8% to 92.9%). An upward trend with cellar age characterized the relative and absolute abundance of the most predominant bacterial and archaeal genera, Caproiciproducens and Methanosarcina. Correlation analysis revealed significantly (P < 0.05) positive relationships between the two genera and major metabolites. Anaerobic fermentation with acetate and lactate as carbon sources enhanced the enrichment of Clostridia, and furthermore, the relative abundance of Caproiciproducens (40.9%) significantly increased after 15-day fed-batch fermentation with lactate compared with the initial pit mud (0.22%). This work presents a directional evolutionary pattern of pit mud microbial consortia and provides an alternative way to accelerate the enrichment of functional microbes. IMPORTANCE The solid-state anaerobic fermentation in a mud cellar is the most typical feature of strong-flavor baijiu (SFB). Metabolites produced by microbes inhabiting pit mud are crucial to create the unique flavor of SFB. Accordingly, craftspeople have always highlighted the importance of the pit mud microbiome and concluded by centuries of practice that the production rate of high-quality baijiu increases with cellar age. To deepen the understanding of the pit mud microbiome, we determined the microbial community and metabolites of different-aged pit mud, inferred the main functional groups, and explored the forces driving the microbial community evolution through metagenomic, metabolomic, and multivariate statistical analyses. The results showed that the microbial consortia of pit mud presented a regular and directional evolutionary pattern under the impact of continuous batch-to-batch brewing activities. This work provides insight into the key roles of the pit mud microbiome in SFB production and supports the production optimization of high-quality pit mud.
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Zheng H, Xue JB, Gui JH, Qin JM, Hao J, Chen XP, Wang CH, Dong KH. Short-term effects of grazing intensity on soil stoichiometric characteristics of typical grassland in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:2433-2439. [PMID: 34313061 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Grazing is the dominant land use way for natural grasslands. Different grazing intensities could affect soil stoichiometry in grasslands by influencing the selective feeding by livestock, litter input, and microbial community structure. In this study, a grazing experiment was carried out in a grassland of agro-pastoral ecotone in Northern China for three years (2017-2019). The concentrations of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved nitrogen (DN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in soils were measured. We analyzed the stoichiometric characteristics of those parameters. The results showed that different grazing intensities (1, 2, 4 sheep·0.2 hm-2) had no significant effect on soil TC after three years. The moderate grazing intensity significantly reduced soil TN in 10-20 cm layer in 2019. The light, moderate, and heavy grazing intensities significantly increased soil C/N at 10-20 cm layer, while grazing intensities did not affect soil DOC, DN and DOC/DN. The soil DOC and DN content showed a decreasing trend with the increase of grazing intensity in 2019. It indicated that continuous high intensity grazing might reduce soil dissolved nutrients. The light grazing inten-sity increased soil MBC, while heavy grazing intensity reduced soil MBC significantly, with the increase of grazing year. Different grazing intensities did not affect soil MBN and MBC/MBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China.,Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of Shanxi Province, Youyu 037200, China
| | - Jiang-Bo Xue
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China.,Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of Shanxi Province, Youyu 037200, China
| | - Jian-Hua Gui
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China.,Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of Shanxi Province, Youyu 037200, China
| | - Jia-Min Qin
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China.,Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of Shanxi Province, Youyu 037200, China
| | - Jie Hao
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China.,Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of Shanxi Province, Youyu 037200, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Chen
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China.,Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of Shanxi Province, Youyu 037200, China
| | - Chang-Hui Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China.,Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of Shanxi Province, Youyu 037200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Kuan-Hu Dong
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China.,Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of Shanxi Province, Youyu 037200, China
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Palojärvi A, Kellock M, Parikka P, Jauhiainen L, Alakukku L. Corrigendum: Tillage System and Crop Sequence Affect Soil Disease Suppressiveness and Carbon Status in Boreal Climate. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:693341. [PMID: 34093513 PMCID: PMC8173252 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.693341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ansa Palojärvi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Turku, Finland
| | - Miriam Kellock
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Päivi Parikka
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | | | - Laura Alakukku
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Craig ME, Mayes MA, Sulman BN, Walker AP. Biological mechanisms may contribute to soil carbon saturation patterns. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:2633-2644. [PMID: 33668074 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is a key strategy to mitigate rising atmospheric CO2 , yet SOC pools often appear to saturate, or increase at a declining rate, as carbon (C) inputs increase. Soil C saturation is commonly hypothesized to result from the finite amount of reactive mineral surface area available for retaining SOC, and is accordingly represented in SOC models as a physicochemically determined SOC upper limit. However, mineral-associated SOC is largely microbially generated. In this perspective, we present the hypothesis that apparent SOC saturation patterns could emerge as a result of ecological constraints on microbial biomass-for example, via competition or predation-leading to reduced C flow through microbes and a reduced rate of mineral-associated SOC formation as soil C inputs increase. Microbially explicit SOC models offer an opportunity to explore this hypothesis, yet most of these models predict linear microbial biomass increases with C inputs and insensitivity of SOC to input rates. Synthesis of 54 C addition studies revealed constraints on microbial biomass as C inputs increase. Different hypotheses limiting microbial density were embedded in a three-pool SOC model without explicit limits on mineral surface area. As inputs increased, the model demonstrated either no change, linear, or apparently saturating increases in mineral-associated and particulate SOC pools. Taken together, our results suggest that microbial constraints are common and could lead to reduced mineral-associated SOC formation as input rates increase. We conclude that SOC responses to altered C inputs-or any environmental change-are influenced by the ecological factors that limit microbial populations, allowing for a wider range of potential SOC responses to stimuli. Understanding how biotic versus abiotic factors contribute to these patterns will better enable us to predict and manage soil C dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Craig
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Melanie A Mayes
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin N Sulman
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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Li Z, Zeng Z, Song Z, Wang F, Tian D, Mi W, Huang X, Wang J, Song L, Yang Z, Wang J, Feng H, Jiang L, Chen Y, Luo Y, Niu S. Vital roles of soil microbes in driving terrestrial nitrogen immobilization. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:1848-1858. [PMID: 33560594 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen immobilization usually leads to nitrogen retention in soil and, thus, influences soil nitrogen supply for plant growth. Understanding soil nitrogen immobilization is important for predicting soil nitrogen cycling under anthropogenic activities and climate changes. However, the global patterns and drivers of soil nitrogen immobilization remain unclear. We synthesized 1350 observations of gross soil nitrogen immobilization rate (NIR) from 97 articles to identify patterns and drivers of NIR. The global mean NIR was 8.77 ± 1.01 mg N kg-1 soil day-1 . It was 5.55 ± 0.41 mg N kg-1 soil day-1 in croplands, 15.74 ± 3.02 mg N kg-1 soil day-1 in wetlands, and 15.26 ± 2.98 mg N kg-1 soil day-1 in forests. The NIR increased with mean annual temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus, and microbial biomass carbon. But it decreased with soil pH. The results of structural equation models showed that soil microbial biomass carbon was a pivotal driver of NIR, because temperature, total soil nitrogen, and soil pH mostly indirectly influenced NIR via changing soil microbial biomass. Moreover, microbial biomass carbon accounted for most of the variations in NIR among all direct relationships. Furthermore, the efficiency of transforming the immobilized nitrogen to microbial biomass nitrogen was lower in croplands than in natural ecosystems (i.e., forests, grasslands, and wetlands). These findings suggested that soil nitrogen retention may decrease under the land use change from forests or wetlands to croplands, but NIR was expected to increase due to increased microbial biomass under global warming. The identified patterns and drivers of soil nitrogen immobilization in this study are crucial to project the changes in soil nitrogen retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaopeng Song
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhai Mi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongkang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Haojie Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu Q, Li YH, Li Z, Wei XM, Zhu ZK, Wu JS, Ge TD. [Characteristics of Paddy Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and Influencing Factors Under Different Water Conditions and Microbial Biomass Levels]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2021; 42:2440-2448. [PMID: 33884815 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paddy soil often undergoes frequent dry-wet alternation. The change in water status not only affects the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also changes the structure and diversity of the soil microbial communities, which in turn determines the rate of soil organic carbon mineralization. However, the effects of different water conditions and soil microbial biomass levels on the process of soil organic carbon mineralization and its mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, this study took typical subtropical paddy soil as the research object, applied a laboratory incubation experiment with two water treatments of dry-wet and continuous flooding, and reduced the soil microbial biomass through chloroform fumigation, thereby obtaining high and low soil microbial biomass carbon contents, to elucidate the influencing mechanisms of microbial biomass and water conditions on organic carbon mineralization in paddy soil. The results showed that during the first 30 d of incubation, the dry-wet treatment was in a non-flooded stage and its cumulative CO2 emissions were significantly lower than those of the continuous flooded treatment. After 30 d, the dry-wet treatment entered the flooded stage. The difference in the cumulative CO2 emissions of the soils with a high microbial biomass carbon content between the dry-wet and continuous flooding treatments gradually decreased, and there was no significant difference on day 78. In the soil with a low microbial biomass carbon content, the cumulative CO2 emissions of the dry-wet treatment on day 78 was still significantly lower than that of the continuous flooded treatment. The soils with a low microbial biomass carbon content showed a faster CO2 emission rate at the beginning of the incubation period (first 20 d), which was 1.1-6.1 times greater than that of the high microbial biomass carbon soils owing to their high soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, and the CO2 emission rate then gradually decreased until it was below that of the soil with a high microbial biomass carbon content. The soil organic carbon mineralization rate became stable later in the incubation period (days 45-78). The stable mineralization rate of the high microbial biomass carbon soil was 20%-30% higher than that of the low microbial biomass carbon soil. The multiple regression analysis results showed that the decrease in the soil DOC content (ΔDOC) and the increase in the Fe2+ content (ΔFe2+) significantly affected the change in cumulative CO2 emissions (ΔCO2) under continuous flooding conditions, but had no effect on ΔCO2 during the flooding stage of the dry-wet treatment. The correlation analysis showed that the daily CO2 emission rate of soils with high microbial biomass carbon was significantly positively correlated with glucosidase activity under dry-wet treatment and significantly negatively correlated with acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and peroxidase activities under continuous flooding treatment. In the low microbial biomass carbon soils, the daily CO2 emission rate of the continuous flooding treatment was negatively correlated with the NAG activity, but showed no correlation with enzyme activities under dry-wet management. In summary, the cumulative CO2 emissions of dry-wet treatment were lower than those of continuous flooding treatment, and the difference was significant in soils with low microbial biomass carbon. The size of the soil microbial biomass determined the level of the stable soil organic carbon mineralization rate. The amount of soluble organic carbon and iron reduction affected the soil CO2 emissions under continuous flooding conditions, and the soil water conditions affected the daily CO2 emission rate and its key influencing enzymes. This study provides data and theoretical support for the carbon cycle and carbon sequestration potential in paddy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhen-Ke Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jin-Shui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ti-da Ge
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Abstract
There is a growing interest in the endolithic microbial biofilms inhabiting skeletons of living corals because of their contribution to coral reef bioerosion and the reputed benefits they provide to live coral hosts. Here, we sought to identify possible correlations between coral interspecific patterns in skeletal morphology and variability in the biomass of, and chlorophyll concentrations within, the endolithic biofilm. We measured five morphological characteristics of five coral species and the biomasses/chlorophyll concentrations of their endolithic microbiome, and we compare interspecific patterns in these variables. We propose that the specific density of a coral’s skeleton and its capacity for capturing and scattering incident light are the main correlates of endolithic microbial biomass. Our data suggest that the correlation between light capture and endolithic biomass is likely influenced by how the green microalgae (obligatory microborers) respond to skeletal variability. These results demonstrate that coral species differ significantly in their endolithic microbial biomass and that their skeletal structure could be used to predict these interspecific differences. Further exploring how and why the endolithic microbiome varies between coral species is vital in defining the role of these microbes on coral reefs, both now and in the future. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities living inside the skeletons of living corals play a variety of important roles within the coral meta-organism, both symbiotic and parasitic. Properly contextualizing the contribution of these enigmatic microbes to the life history of coral reefs requires knowledge of how these endolithic biofilms vary between coral species. To this effect, we measured differences in the morphology of five coral species and correlate these with variability in the biomass of the skeletal biofilms. We found that the density of the skeleton and its capacity to trap incoming light, as opposed to scattering it back into the surrounding water, both significantly correlated with skeletal microbial biomass. These patterns are likely driven by how dominant green microalgae in the endolithic niche, such as Ostreobium spp., are responding to the skeletal morphology. This study highlights that the structure of a coral’s skeleton could be used to predict the biomass of its resident endolithic biofilm.
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Raymond NS, Gómez-Muñoz B, van der Bom FJT, Nybroe O, Jensen LS, Müller-Stöver DS, Oberson A, Richardson AE. Phosphate-solubilising microorganisms for improved crop productivity: a critical assessment. New Phytol 2021; 229:1268-1277. [PMID: 32929739 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate-solubilising microorganisms (PSM) are often reported to have positive effects on crop productivity through enhanced phosphorus (P) nutrition. Our aim was to evaluate the validity of this concept. Most studies that report 'positive effects' of PSM on plant growth have been conducted under controlled conditions, whereas field experiments more frequently fail to demonstrate a positive response. Many studies have indicated that the mechanisms seen in vitro do not translate into improved crop P nutrition in complex soil-plant systems. Furthermore, associated mechanisms are often not rigorously assessed. We suggest that PSM do not mobilise sufficient P to change the crops' nutritional environment under field conditions. The current concept, in which PSM solubilise P 'for the plant' should thus be revised. Although PSM have the capacity to solubilise P to meet their own needs, it is the turnover of the microbial biomass that subsequently provides P to plants over a longer time. Therefore, the existing concept of PSM function is unlikely to deliver a reliable strategy for increasing crop P nutrition. A further mechanistic understanding is needed to determine how P mobilisation by PSM as a component of the whole soil community can be manipulated to become more effective for plant P nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly S Raymond
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Muñoz
- Section for Plant and Soil Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Frederik J T van der Bom
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ole Nybroe
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Lars S Jensen
- Section for Plant and Soil Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Dorette S Müller-Stöver
- Section for Plant and Soil Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Astrid Oberson
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Eschikon 33, Lindau, CH-8315, Switzerland
| | - Alan E Richardson
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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50
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He Y, Li CT, Yu YC, He HP, Tao X. [Variation of subtropical forest soil microbial biomass and soil microbial community functional characteristics along an urban-rural gradient]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:93-102. [PMID: 33477217 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202101.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms, which are sensitive to environmental changes, affect soil nutrient cycling and play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling. To understand the changes of soil microorganisms in subtropical forest across the urban-rural environmental gradient, we analyzed the differences in soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and microbial community functional diversitiy in Dashu Mountain National Forest Park (urban forest), Zipeng Mountain National Forest Park (suburban forest) in Hefei and Wanfo Mountain(rural forest) in Luan City. Results showed that soil MBC followed an order of rural natural forest (115.07 mg·kg-1) > suburban forest (101.68 mg·kg-1) > urban forest (82.73 mg·kg-1), soil MBN followed an order of rural natural forest (57.73 mg·kg-1) > urban forest (31.57 mg·kg-1) > suburban forest (29.01 mg·kg-1), soil microbial metabolic activities (AWCD), McIntosh index (U) were shown as rural natural forest > suburban forest > urban forest. The main carbon sources used by soil microbial communities in those forests were carboxylic acids, amino acids and carbohydrates, with weak utilization capacity for polyamines and polyphenols. The utilization capacity of soil microorganisms to amino acids, carboxylic acids, polymers and polyphenols followed the order of rural natural forest > suburban forest > urban forest. There were significant spatial variations in the functional characteristics of soil microbial communities under urban-rural environmental gradient, with Tween 80 and β-methyl-D-Glucoside being the characteristic carbon sources as the influencing factors. Soil pH was significantly positively correlated with the microbial McIntosh index and AWCD value, while soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) showed a significant positive correlation with microbial Shannon diversity index and AWCD value. There was a negative correlation between the microbial Simpson index and soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N). Soil pH, NH4+-N and NO3--N were the main factors affecting diversity index of microbial communities. The results suggested that there were significant differences in microbial community characteristics of forest soil in urban-rural environmental gradient forests, and that the metabolic potential and functional diversity of soil microbial community in urban forests were weaker than that of natural forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chun-Tao Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuan-Chun Yu
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huang-Pan He
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao Tao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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