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Haller S, Babouee Flury B. Zoonotic poxvirus lesions vs mosquito bite lesions: differential diagnosis of the uncommon vs the common. J Travel Med 2023; 30:taad064. [PMID: 37133452 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A returning traveller presents with skin lesions resembling an orthopox virus infection and a history of animal contact. Despite the suggestive presentation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) rules out this rare differential diagnosis. The clinical course and histologic analysis lead to the diagnosis of insect bites; a common traveller’s affliction with an unusual presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Haller
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Baharak Babouee Flury
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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2
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Desai AN, Thompson GR, Dodson D, Neumeister SM, Arutyunova AM, Trigg K, Blumberg D, Cohen SH. Mpox Infection in Children-Infection Control Implications for Household Contacts. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad003. [PMID: 36846608 PMCID: PMC9945925 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mpox has recently re-emerged as a global entity of concern. We report one of the first pediatric cases in the United States and provide updated recommendations relevant to infection control and prevention measures of those in close contact with mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel N Desai
- Correspondence: Angel Desai, MD, MPH, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California–Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Suite G500, Sacramento, CA 95817 (); or George R. Thompson III, MD, UCD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California–Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Suite G500, Sacramento, CA 95817 ()
| | - George R Thompson
- Correspondence: Angel Desai, MD, MPH, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California–Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Suite G500, Sacramento, CA 95817 (); or George R. Thompson III, MD, UCD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California–Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Suite G500, Sacramento, CA 95817 ()
| | - Daniel Dodson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Sonja M Neumeister
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Anna M Arutyunova
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kate Trigg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Dean Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
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Cline A, Marmon S. Demographics and disease associations of patients with mpox and recipients of mpox vaccine from safety net hospitals in New York City: A cross-sectional study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022:S0190-9622(22)03172-3. [PMID: 36481377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rodriguez-Nava G, Kadlecik P, Filardo TD, Ain DL, Cooper JD, McCormick DW, Webber BJ, O'Laughlin K, Petersen BW, Narasimhan S, Sahni HK. Myocarditis Attributable to Monkeypox Virus Infection in 2 Patients, United States, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2508-2512. [PMID: 36179413 PMCID: PMC9707588 DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.221276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report 2 immunocompetent and otherwise healthy adults in the United States who had monkeypox and required hospitalization for viral myocarditis. Both patients were unvaccinated against orthopoxviruses. They had shortness of breath or chest pain and elevated cardiac biomarkers. No immediate complications were observed. They were discharged home after symptoms resolved.
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Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has emerged as a threatening zoonosis. Its spread around the world has been growing fast over the last 2 years, particularly in 2022. The reasons for this sudden spread are probably multifactorial. The R0 values of the two MPXV clades are rather low, and a massive pandemic is considered unlikely, although the increase in the number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms found in the 2022 MPXV strain could indicate an accelerated human adaptation. Very little is known about the risks of an infection during pregnancy for both the mother and the fetus. Further observations must be made to create clear, adapted, evidence-based guidelines. This article summarizes the current knowledge about MPXV infections and similar pregnancy virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Cuérel
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Guillaume Favre
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manon Vouga
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Léo Pomar
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gigante CM, Gao J, Tang S, McCollum AM, Wilkins K, Reynolds MG, Davidson W, McLaughlin J, Olson VA, Li Y. Genome of Alaskapox Virus, A Novel Orthopoxvirus Isolated from Alaska. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080708. [PMID: 31375015 PMCID: PMC6723315 DOI: 10.3390/v11080708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the eradication of smallpox, there have been increases in poxvirus infections and the emergence of several novel poxviruses that can infect humans and domestic animals. In 2015, a novel poxvirus was isolated from a resident of Alaska. Diagnostic testing and limited sequence analysis suggested this isolate was a member of the Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) genus but was highly diverged from currently known species, including Akhmeta virus. Here, we present the complete 210,797 bp genome sequence of the Alaska poxvirus isolate, containing 206 predicted open reading frames. Phylogenetic analysis of the conserved central region of the genome suggested the Alaska isolate shares a common ancestor with Old World OPXVs and is diverged from New World OPXVs. We propose this isolate as a member of a new OPXV species, Alaskapox virus (AKPV). The AKPV genome contained host range and virulence genes typical of OPXVs but lacked homologs of C4L and B7R, and the hemagglutinin gene contained a unique 120 amino acid insertion. Seven predicted AKPV proteins were most similar to proteins in non-OPXV Murmansk or NY_014 poxviruses. Genomic analysis revealed evidence suggestive of recombination with Ectromelia virus in two putative regions that contain seven predicted coding sequences, including the A-type inclusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Gigante
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jinxin Gao
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shiyuyun Tang
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Andrea M McCollum
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kimberly Wilkins
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mary G Reynolds
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Whitni Davidson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joseph McLaughlin
- Alaska Division of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA
| | - Victoria A Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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Jungwirth N, Puff C, Köster K, Mischke R, Meyer H, Stark A, Thoma B, Zöller G, Seehusen F, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Beineke A, Baumgärtner W, Wohlsein P. Atypical Cowpox Virus Infection in a Series of Cats. J Comp Pathol 2018; 158:71-6. [PMID: 29422319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Within 4 weeks, five cats with skin lesions affecting the hindlimbs and mainly consisting of oedema, hyperaemia and plaque-like alterations were presented to the same veterinary clinic. The cats were suffering from lameness, trauma, renal insufficiency or complicated tail amputation. Although the lesions seemed unusual for a poxvirus infection, microscopical examination of biopsy samples or specimens taken during necropsy examination revealed ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes with eosinophilic, cytoplasmic inclusion bodies indicative of an orthopoxvirus infection. Cowpox virus infection was verified using immunohistochemistry and virus isolation. Molecular analysis revealed identical haemagglutinin gene sequences in four cases and spatiotemporal circumstances in some cases pointed to hospital-acquired transmission. Unusual manifestations of feline cowpox may have an unexpected risk for human infection.
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Hutson CL, Carroll DS, Self J, Weiss S, Hughes CM, Braden Z, Olson VA, Smith SK, Karem KL, Regnery RL, Damon IK. Dosage comparison of Congo Basin and West African strains of monkeypox virus using a prairie dog animal model of systemic orthopoxvirus disease. Virology 2010; 402:72-82. [PMID: 20374968 PMCID: PMC9533845 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The prairie dog is valuable for the study of monkeypox virus (MPXV) virulence and closely resembles human systemic orthopoxvirus disease. Herein, we utilize a variable dose intranasal challenge with approximately 10(3), 10(4), 10(5), and 10(6)PFU for each clade to further characterize virulence differences between the two MPXV clades. A trend of increased morbidity and mortality as well as greater viral shedding was observed with increasing viral challenge dose. Additionally, there appeared to be a delay in onset of disease for animals challenged with lower dosages of virus. Mathematical calculations were used to determine LD(50) values and based on these calculations, Congo Basin MPXV had approximately a hundred times lower LD(50) value than the West African clade (5.9x10(3) and 1.29x10(5) respectively); reinforcing previous findings that Congo Basin MPXV is more virulent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Hutson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MS-G06 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Abstract
We assessed the activities of 24 different antiviral compounds against smallpox (two strains of variola major and one of variola minor), monkeypox, vaccinia and cowpox viruses by a neutral red uptake assay. To establish assay parameters, we examined viral replication and its inhibition at various times postinfection and at several multiplicities of infection. Drugs were selected to target a range of functions involved in viral replication. Eight compounds (cidofovir, cyclic HPMPC (cHPMPC), HPMPA, ribavirin, tiazofurin, carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine, 3-deazaneplanocin A and DFBA (1-(2,4-difluorobenzyloxy)adenosine perchlorate)-a derivative of adenosine N1-oxide) inhibited the replication of all three variola strains and the other orthopoxviruses at drug concentrations within a pharmacologically achievable range. Two others (methisazone and bis-POM-PMEA) showed a lesser degree of antiviral effect, while the remainder were inactive. To examine possible naturally occurring drug resistance among a large number of variola isolates obtained from different geographical regions and at different times, we examined the sensitivity of 35 different strains of variola as well as other orthopoxviruses to a subset of three of the most active compounds: cidofovir, cHPMPC, and ribavirin. Preliminary data indicate that nearly all isolates appear to have similar drug sensitivities. These findings are currently being verified and expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Baker
- Department of Viral Therapeutics, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
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