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Handwerk L, Schreier HK, Kraft D, Shreder K, Hemmersbach R, Hauslage J, Bonig H, Wiesmüller L, Fournier C, Rall-Scharpf M. Simulating Space Conditions Evokes Different DNA Damage Responses in Immature and Mature Cells of the Human Hematopoietic System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13761. [PMID: 37762064 PMCID: PMC10531023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of space radiation and microgravity on DNA damage responses has been discussed controversially, largely due to the variety of model systems engaged. Here, we performed side-by-side analyses of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) cultivated in a 2D clinostat to simulate microgravity before, during and after photon and particle irradiation. We demonstrate that simulated microgravity (SMG) accelerates the early phase of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated repair of simple, X-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in PBL, while repair kinetics in HSPC remained unaltered. Repair acceleration was lost with increasing LET of ion exposures, which increases the complexity of DSBs, precluding NHEJ and requiring end resection for successful repair. Such cell-type specific effect of SMG on DSB repair was dependent on the NF-кB pathway pre-activated in PBL but not HSPC. Already under unperturbed growth conditions HSPC and PBL suffered from SMG-induced replication stress associated with accumulation of single-stranded DNA and DSBs, respectively. We conclude that in PBL, SMG-induced DSBs promote repair of radiation-induced damage in an adaptive-like response. HSPC feature SMG-induced single-stranded DNA and FANCD2 foci, i.e., markers of persistent replication stress and senescence that may contribute to a premature decline of the immune system in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Handwerk
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Kraft
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kateryna Shreder
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- Department of Gravitational Biology, German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany; (R.H.)
| | - Jens Hauslage
- Department of Gravitational Biology, German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany; (R.H.)
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, and German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Wuerttemberg–Hessen, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Averbek S, Jakob B, Durante M, Averbeck NB. O-GlcNAcylation Affects the Pathway Choice of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115715. [PMID: 34071949 PMCID: PMC8198441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposing cells to DNA damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation (IR) or cytotoxic chemicals, can cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are crucial to repair to maintain genetic integrity. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification (PTM), which has been reported to be involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) and chromatin remodeling. Here, we investigated the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on the DDR, DSB repair and chromatin status in more detail. We also applied charged particle irradiation to analyze differences of O-GlcNAcylation and its impact on DSB repair in respect of spatial dose deposition and radiation quality. Various techniques were used, such as the γH2AX foci assay, live cell microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy (FLIM) to detect DSB rejoining, protein accumulation and chromatin states after treating the cells with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitors. We confirmed that O-GlcNAcylation of MDC1 is increased upon irradiation and identified additional repair factors related to Homologous Recombination (HR), CtIP and BRCA1, which were increasingly O-GlcNAcyated upon irradiation. This is consistent with our findings that the function of HR is affected by OGT inhibition. Besides, we found that OGT and OGA activity modulate chromatin compaction states, providing a potential additional level of DNA-repair regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Averbek
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.A.); (B.J.); (M.D.)
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Burkhard Jakob
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.A.); (B.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Marco Durante
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.A.); (B.J.); (M.D.)
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nicole B. Averbeck
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.A.); (B.J.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Rühle A, Grosu AL, Nicolay NH. The Particle Radiobiology of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Key to Mitigating Radiation-Induced Tissue Toxicities in Cancer Treatment and Beyond? Front Oncol 2021; 11:616831. [PMID: 33912447 PMCID: PMC8071947 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.616831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of multipotent stromal cells that have gained attention for the treatment of irradiation-induced normal tissue toxicities due to their regenerative abilities. As the vast majority of studies focused on the effects of MSCs for photon irradiation-induced toxicities, little is known about the regenerative abilities of MSCs for particle irradiation-induced tissue damage or the effects of particle irradiation on the stem cell characteristics of MSCs themselves. MSC-based therapies may help treat particle irradiation-related tissue lesions in the context of cancer radiotherapy. As the number of clinical proton therapy centers is increasing, there is a need to decidedly investigate MSC-based treatments for particle irradiation-induced sequelae. Furthermore, therapies with MSCs or MSC-derived exosomes may also become a useful tool for manned space exploration or after radiation accidents and nuclear terrorism. However, such treatments require an in-depth knowledge about the effects of particle radiation on MSCs and the effects of MSCs on particle radiation-injured tissues. Here, the existing body of evidence regarding the particle radiobiology of MSCs as well as regarding MSC-based treatments for some typical particle irradiation-induced toxicities is presented and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
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Bernhardt D, Sterzing F, Adeberg S, Herfarth K, Katayama S, Foerster R, Hoerner-Rieber J, König L, Debus J, Rieken S. Bimodality treatment of patients with pelvic adenoid cystic carcinoma with photon intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus carbon ion boost: a case series. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:583-588. [PMID: 29618938 PMCID: PMC5875408 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s148395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of patients with pelvic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) remains a challenge owing to the rarity of the disease, the lack of data, and the relative radioresistance of these tumors. Case reports This case series presents the results of three patients with recurrent or inoperable pelvic ACC treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus carbon ion (C12) boost. Patients received C12 therapy at a dose of 3 Gray equivalents (GyE) (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) per fraction up to 24 GyE RBE, followed by 50 GyE of photon IMRT in 25 fractions. Conclusion IMRT plus C12 ion boost as a definitive or adjuvant treatment for pelvic ACCs seems to be a promising therapeutic option. No unexpected toxicity was detected and the observed toxicity remained consistently low. The initial treatment response is promising and similar to that experienced for head and neck ACCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Sterzing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Kempten, Kempten, Germany
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Herfarth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Katayama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Foerster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hoerner-Rieber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laila König
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juergen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
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Walenta S, Mueller-Klieser W. Differential Superiority of Heavy Charged- Particle Irradiation to X-Rays: Studies on Biological Effectiveness and Side Effect Mechanisms in Multicellular Tumor and Normal Tissue Models. Front Oncol 2016; 6:30. [PMID: 26942125 PMCID: PMC4766872 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the radiobiology of carbon ions compared to X-rays using multicellular models of tumors and normal mucosa. The first part summarizes basic radiobiological effects, as observed in cancer cells. The second, more clinically oriented part of the review, deals with radiation-induced cell migration and mucositis. Multicellular spheroids from V79 hamster cells were irradiated with X-rays or carbon ions under ambient or restricted oxygen supply conditions. Reliable oxygen enhancement ratios could be derived to be 2.9, 2.8, and 1.4 for irradiation with photons, 12C+6 in the plateau region, and 12C+6 in the Bragg peak, respectively. Similarly, a relative biological effectiveness of 4.3 and 2.1 for ambient pO2 and hypoxia was obtained, respectively. The high effectiveness of carbon ions was reflected by an enhanced accumulation of cells in G2/M and a dose-dependent massive induction of apoptosis. These data clearly show that heavy charged particles are more efficient in sterilizing tumor cells than conventional irradiation even under hypoxic conditions. Clinically relevant doses (3 Gy) of X-rays induced an increase in migratory activity of U87 but not of LN229 or HCT116 tumor cells. Such an increase in cell motility following irradiation in situ could be the source of recurrence. In contrast, carbon ion treatment was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in migration with all cell lines and under all conditions investigated. The radiation-induced loss of cell motility was correlated, in most cases, with corresponding changes in β1 integrin expression. The photon-induced increase in cell migration was paralleled by an elevated phosphorylation status of the epidermal growth factor receptor and AKT-ERK1/2 pathway. Such a hyperphosphorylation did not occur during 12C+6 irradiation under all conditions registered. Comparing the gene toxicity of X-rays with that of particles using the γH2AX technique in organotypic cultures of the oral mucosa, the superior effectiveness of heavy ions was confirmed by a twofold higher number of foci per nucleus. However, proinflammatory signs were similar for both treatment modalities, e.g., the activation of NFκB and the release of IL6 and IL8. The presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cell increased the radiation-induced release of the proinflammatory cytokines by factors of 2–3. Carbon ions are part of the cosmic radiation. Long-term exposure to such particles during extended space flights, as planned by international space agencies, may thus impose a medical and safety risk on the astronauts by a potential induction of mucositis. In summary, particle irradiation is superior to gamma-rays due to a higher radiobiological effectiveness, a reduced hypoxia-induced radioresistance, a multicellular radiosensitization, and the absence of a radiation-induced cell motility. However, the potential of inducing mucositis is similar for both radiation types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Walenta
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center, University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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6
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Suh J, Yu KM, Fu D, Liu X, Yang F, Fan J, Smith DJ, Zhang YH, Furdyna JK, Dames C, Walukiewicz W, Wu J. Simultaneous Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity and Thermopower of Bi₂Te₃ by Multifunctionality of Native Defects. Adv Mater 2015; 27:3681-3686. [PMID: 25974062 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous increases in electrical conductivity (up to 200%) and thermopower (up to 70%) are demonstrated by introducing native defects in Bi2 Te3 films, leading to a high power factor of 3.4 × 10(-3) W m(-1) K(-2). The maximum enhancement of the power factor occurs when the native defects act beneficially both as electron donors and energy filters to mobile electrons. They also act as effective phonon scatterers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonki Suh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kin Man Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Deyi Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - David J Smith
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Yong-Hang Zhang
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jacek K Furdyna
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Chris Dames
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Wladyslaw Walukiewicz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Junqiao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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