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Crassini K, Shen Y, O'Dwyer M, O'Neill M, Christopherson R, Mulligan S, Best OG. The dual inhibitor of the phosphoinositol-3 and PIM kinases, IBL-202, is effective against chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells under conditions that mimic the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Br J Haematol 2018; 182:654-669. [PMID: 29978459 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in treatment, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease. Ibrutinib and idelalisib, which inhibit Bruton Tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphoinositol-3 (PI3) kinase-δ respectively, have become important treatment options for the disease and demonstrate the potential of targeting components of the B-cell receptor-signalling pathway. IBL-202 is a dual inhibitor of the PIM and PI3 kinases. Synergy between the pan-PIM inhibitor, pPIMi, and idelalisib against a range of haematological cell lines and primary CLL cells supports the rationale for preclinical studies of IBL-202 in CLL. Importantly, IBL-202, but not idelalisib, was cytotoxic against CLL cells under in vitro conditions that mimic the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. The significant effects of IBL-202 on CD49d and CXCR4 expression and migration, cycle and proliferation of CLL cells suggest the drug may also interfere with the migratory and proliferative capacity of the leukaemic cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that dual inhibition of the PIM and PI3 kinases by IBL-202 may be an effective strategy for targeting CLL cells, particularly within the environmental niches known to confer drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Crassini
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yandong Shen
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, Australia.,School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Mulligan
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, Australia.,School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - O Giles Best
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, Australia.,School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Stenzel M, Tura A, Nassar K, Rohrbach JM, Grisanti S, Lüke M, Lüke J. Analysis of caveolin-1 and phosphoinositol-3 kinase expression in primary uveal melanomas. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 44:400-9. [PMID: 26590370 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the regulation of blood supply in primary uveal melanomas through caveolin-1 (Cav-1)/phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K). METHODS The expression of Cav-1 and PI3K was analysed in 51 paraffin sections of metastatic (n = 30) and non-metastastic uveal melanomas (n = 21). Two trained observers quantified Cav-1 and PI3K immunofluorescensce expression by determining intensity of staining and percentage of positive cells. The expression was correlated with known prognostic factors. Besides angiogenesis by means of endoglin expression, the normal vasculature (von Willebrand Factor expression) was evaluated semi-quantitatively. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) was analysed by CD31/PAS staining. RESULTS All examined specimens expressed Cav-1 with a mean of 90.34% Cav-1 positive cells (range, 3.23-100%). Metastatic disease was associated with a higher Cav-1 expression. The correlation of Cav-1 with well-established prognostic factors showed a significant association between Cav-1 expression and largest tumour diameter (P = 0.022), tumour node metastasis classification (P = 0.008) and invasion of optic nerve head (P = 0.048). PI3K was expressed by all uveal melanomas with a mean of 87.28% cells showing PI3K expression. A higher level of PI3K was significantly associated with larger height (P = 0.042) and progressed tumour node metastasis stage (P = 0.016). The percentage of PI3K and Cav-1 positive cells were significantly associated (P = 0.034). For PI3K and Cav-1 expression a non-significant association with VM was shown (P = 0.064 and P = 0.072, respectively). No correlation of PI3K or Cav-1 with angiogenesis or mature vasculature was seen (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cav-1 expression may be especially up-regulated in larger uveal melanomas. As it was correlated with PI3K expression and VM in this series of uveal melanoma, Cav-1 might induce the formation of VM via the PI3K-signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Stenzel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aysegül Tura
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Khaled Nassar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Martin Rohrbach
- University Eye Hospital, Centre of Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen,, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Lüke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Lüke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Yuan K, Wu H, Wang Y, Chen H, Jiao M, Fu R. Phospho-PRAS40 Thr246 predicts trastuzumab response in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:785-789. [PMID: 25621052 PMCID: PMC4301480 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to trastuzumab is frequently observed during the treatment of patients with human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancers. The aim of the present study was to determine if the phosphorylated proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (phospho-PRAS40Thr246), a novel biomarker for phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway activation, could predict the response of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancers to treatment with trastuzumab. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples were retrospectively collected from 55 trastuzumab-treated patients. Next, the expression of phospho-PRAS40Thr246 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In total, five common phosphoinositol-3 kinase α catalytic subunit mutations, namely E542K, E545K, E545D, H1047R and H1047L, were identified by the amplification-refractory mutation system, using the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The activation of the PI3K pathway, as determined by low PTEN expression or the presence of oncogenic PIK3CA mutations, was observed in 49.1% (27 cases) of the 55 HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer tissues. In total, 40% of the tumors were defined as being phospho-PRAS40Thr246-positive. Furthermore, the results revealed that phospho-PRAS40Thr246 expression was associated with the PI3K pathway activation status and an increased risk of tumor progression in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients who had received trastuzumab-based therapy. Therefore, phospho-PRAS40Thr246 expression levels may reflect the PI3K pathway activation status and act as a biomarker for HER2-amplified breast cancer patients who are unlikely to respond to trastuzumab-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hongqiang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Mingwen Jiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Scheufele F, Wolf B, Kruse M, Hartmann T, Lempart J, Mühlich S, Pfeiffer AFH, Field LJ, Charron MJ, Pan ZQ, Engelhardt S, Sarikas A. Evidence for a regulatory role of Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 7 in insulin signaling. Cell Signal 2013; 26:233-239. [PMID: 24219910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional regulation of signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study we report both in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence for a role of Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 7 (CRL7) in the regulation of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. We show that Cul7(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts displayed enhanced AKT and Erk MAP kinase phosphorylation upon insulin stimulation. Depletion of CUL7 by RNA interference in C2C12 myotubes led to increased activation of insulin signaling pathways and cellular glucose uptake, as well as a reduced capacity of these cells to execute insulin-induced degradation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). In vivo, heterozygosity of either Cul7 or Fbxw8, both key components of CRL7, resulted in elevated PI3 kinase/AKT activation in skeletal muscle tissue upon insulin stimulation when compared to wild-type controls. Finally, Cul7(+/-) or Fbxw8(+/-) mice exhibited enhanced insulin sensitivity and plasma glucose clearance. Collectively, our findings point to a yet unrecognized role of CRL7 in insulin-mediated control of glucose homeostasis by restraining PI3 kinase/AKT activities in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Scheufele
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wolf
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Kruse
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine (Endocrinology) and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Thomas Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Justine Lempart
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Mühlich
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestraße 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité University Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Loren J Field
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Maureen J Charron
- Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine (Endocrinology) and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Zhen-Qiang Pan
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Icahn Medical Institute, Dept. of Oncological Sciences, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Sarikas
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
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Ribas GS, Vargas CR, Wajner M. L-carnitine supplementation as a potential antioxidant therapy for inherited neurometabolic disorders. Gene 2013; 533:469-76. [PMID: 24148561 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years increasing evidence has emerged suggesting that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of a number of inherited metabolic disorders. However the clinical use of classical antioxidants in these diseases has been poorly evaluated and so far no benefit has been demonstrated. l-Carnitine is an endogenous substance that acts as a carrier for fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane necessary for subsequent beta-oxidation and ATP production. Besides its important role in the metabolism of lipids, l-carnitine is also a potent antioxidant (free radical scavenger) and thus may protect tissues from oxidative damage. This review addresses recent findings obtained from patients with some inherited neurometabolic diseases showing that l-carnitine may be involved in the reduction of oxidative damage observed in these disorders. For some of these diseases, reduced concentrations of l-carnitine may occur due to the combination of this compound to the accumulating toxic metabolites, especially organic acids, or as a result of protein restricted diets. Thus, l-carnitine supplementation may be useful not only to prevent tissue deficiency of this element, but also to avoid oxidative damage secondary to increased production of reactive species in these diseases. Considering the ability of l-carnitine to easily cross the blood-brain barrier, l-carnitine supplementation may also be beneficial in preventing neurological damage derived from oxidative injury. However further studies are required to better explore this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela S Ribas
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil
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Zuo L, Motherwell MS. The impact of reactive oxygen species and genetic mitochondrial mutations in Parkinson's disease. Gene 2013; 532:18-23. [PMID: 23954870 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The exact pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unknown and proper mechanisms that correspond to the disease remain unidentified. It is understood that PD is age-related; as age increases, the chance of onset responds accordingly. Although there are no current means of curing PD, the understanding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) provides significant insight to possible treatments. Complex I deficiencies of the respiratory chain account for the majority of unfavorable neural apoptosis generation in PD. Dopaminergic neurons are severely damaged as a result of the deficiency. Symptoms such as inhibited cognitive ability and loss of smooth motor function are the results of such impairment. The genetic mutations of Parkinson's related proteins such as PINK1 and LRRK2 contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction which precedes ROS formation. Various pathways are inhibited by these mutations, and inevitably causing neural cell damage. Antioxidants are known to negate the damaging effects of free radical overexpression. This paper expands on the specific impact of mitochondrial genetic change and production of free radicals as well as its correlation to the neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Ruscher K, Freyer D, Karsch M, Isaev N, Megow D, Sawitzki B, Priller J, Dirnagl U, Meisel A. Erythropoietin is a paracrine mediator of ischemic tolerance in the brain: evidence from an in vitro model. J Neurosci 2002; 22:10291-301. [PMID: 12451129 PMCID: PMC6758760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia (oxygen glucose deprivation, OGD) we investigated whether erythropoietin (EPO) plays a critical role in ischemic preconditioning. We found that EPO time and dose-dependently induced protection against OGD in rat primary cortical neurons. Protection was significant at 5 min and reached a maximum at 48 hr after EPO application. Protection was blocked by the coapplication of a soluble Epo receptor (sEpoR) or an antibody against EpoR (anti-EpoR). Medium transfer from OGD-treated astrocytes to untreated neurons induced protection against OGD in neurons, which was attenuated strongly by the application of sEpoR and anti-EpoR. In contrast, medium transfer from OGD-treated neurons to untreated neurons induced protection against OGD that did not involve EPO. In astrocytes the OGD enhanced the nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), the major transcription factor regulating EPO expression. Consequently, transcription of EPO-mRNA was increased in astrocytes after OGD. Cultured neurons express EpoR, and the Janus kinase-2 (JAK-2) inhibitor AG490 abolished EPO-induced tolerance against OGD. Furthermore, EPO-induced neuroprotection as well as phosphorylation of the proapoptotic Bcl family member Bad was reduced by the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. The results suggest that astrocytes challenged with OGD provide paracrine protective signals to neurons. We provide evidence for the following signaling cascade: HIF-1 is activated rapidly by hypoxia in astrocytes. After HIF-1 activation the astrocytes express and release EPO. EPO activates the neuronal EPO receptor and, subsequently, JAK-2 and thereby PI3K. PI3K deactivates BAD via Akt-mediated phosphorylation and thus may inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis in neurons. Our results establish EPO as an important paracrine neuroprotective mediator of ischemic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Ruscher
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité Hospital, Humboldt University, D-10098 Berlin, Germany
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