1
|
Vieira T, Rebelo AM, Borges JP, Henriques C, Silva JC. Electrospun Polycaprolactone Membranes Expanded with Chitosan Granules for Cell Infiltration. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:527. [PMID: 38399904 PMCID: PMC10892258 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The small pore size of electrospun membranes prevents their use as three-dimensional scaffolds. In this work, we produced polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun fibrous membranes with expanded pores by incorporating chitosan (CS) granules into the PCL solution. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the presence of the CS granules embedded in the PCL fibers, creating an open structure. Tensile testing results showed that the addition of CS decreased both Young's modulus and the yield stress, but co-electrospun membranes (PCL fibers blended with CS-containing PCL fibers) exhibited higher values compared to single electrospun membranes (CS-containing PCL fibers). Human fibroblasts adhered to and proliferated on all scaffolds. Nuclear staining revealed that cells populated the entire scaffold when CS granules were present, while in PCL membranes, cells were mostly limited to the surface due to the small pore size. Overall, our findings demonstrate that electrospun membranes containing CS granules have sufficiently large pores to facilitate fibroblast infiltration without compromising the mechanical stability of the structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Vieira
- Centro de Investigação de Materiais, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, CENIMAT-I3N, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (C.H.)
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Rebelo
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Borges
- Centro de Investigação de Materiais, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, CENIMAT-I3N, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (C.H.)
- Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Célia Henriques
- Centro de Investigação de Materiais, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, CENIMAT-I3N, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (C.H.)
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Materiais, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, CENIMAT-I3N, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (C.H.)
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang S, Dong C, Zhou C, Wang R, Huang F. Ion-Sieve-Confined Synthesis of Size-Tunable Ru for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution. Nano Lett 2024; 24:757-763. [PMID: 38166149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The controllable and low-cost synthesis of nanometal particles is highly desired in scientific and industrial research. Herein, size-tunable Ru nanoparticles were synthesized by using a novel ion-sieve-confined reduction method. The H2TiO3 ion-sieve was used to adsorb Ru3+ into the hydroxyl-enriched porous [TiO3]2- layers. The confined environment of the interlayer space facilitates Ru-Ru collision and bonding during annealing, achieving a precise reduction from Ru3+ to Ru0 without additional reductants. Owing to the confinement effect, Ru0 nanoparticles are uniformly embedded in the pores on the surface of the postannealed TiO2 matrix (Ru@TiO2). Ru@TiO2 exhibited a lower overpotential than Pt/C (57 vs 87 mV at 10 mA cm-2) for the HER in 0.1 M KOH solution. The confinement-induced reduction of metal ions was also preliminarily proved in ion-exchanged zeolites, which provides facile and abundant approaches for the size-controllable synthesis of nanometal catalysts with high catalytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chenlong Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ce Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao C, Zhai P, Fang K, Xia Z, Duan B, Feng X, Li G, Zhou L, Huang B, Guo Z, Zhang Q. Strain-Induced Defect Evolution for the Construction of Porous Cu 2-xSe with Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:58529-58538. [PMID: 38053306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Superionic Cu2-xSe, with disordered and even liquid-like Cu ions, has been extensively studied as a high efficiency thermoelectric material. However, the relationship between lattice stability and microstructure evolution in Cu2-xSe under strain, which is crucial for its application, has seldom been explored in previous research. In this study, we investigate the impacts of hydrostatic compression strain on the microstructural evolution and, consequently, its implications for thermoelectric performance. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that high hydrostatic compression strain could induce local diffusion of Cu ions and Se twin evolution, resulting in the breaking and reforming of Cu-Se dynamic bonds and the unstable Se sublattice. The subsequent annealing process of the destabilized structure promoted Se evaporation from the sublattice and resulted in lotus-seedpod-like pores. The reduced sound velocity and intensified phonon scattering, due to pores, lead to a reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity from 0.44 W m-1 K-1 to 0.24 W m-1 K-1 at 800 K, a decrease of approximately 45%, in the porous Cu1.92Se sample. These findings reveal the relationship between stability and defect evolution in Cu2-xSe under high hydrostatic compression, offering a straightforward strategy of defect engineering for designing unique microstructures by leveraging the instability in superionic conductor materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kailiang Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhuoming Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaobin Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ben Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qingjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spinozzi F, Barbosa LRS, Corucci G, Mariani P, Itri R. Small-angle scattering from flat bilayers containing correlated scattering length density inhomogeneities. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1348-1360. [PMID: 37791360 PMCID: PMC10543680 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723006143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Model lipid bilayers have been widely employed as a minimal system to investigate the structural properties of biological membranes by small-angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron scattering (SANS) techniques. These have nanometre resolution and can give information regarding membrane thickness and scattering length densities (SLDs) of polar and apolar regions. However, biological membranes are complex systems containing different lipids and protein species, in which lipid domains can be dynamically assembled and disassembled. Therefore, SLD variations can occur within the biomembrane. In this work, a novel method has been developed to simulate SAXS and SANS profiles obtained from large unilamellar vesicles containing SLD inhomogeneities that are spatially correlated over the membrane surface. Such inhomogeneities are represented by cylindrical entities with equivalent SLDs. Stacking of bilayers is also included in the model, with no correlation between horizontal and vertical order. The model is applied to a lipid bilayer containing SLD inhomogeneities representing pores, lipid domains, and transmembrane, partially immersed and anchored proteins. It is demonstrated that all the structural information from the host lipid bilayer and from the SLD inhomogeneity can be consistently retrieved by a combined analysis of experimental SAXS and SANS data through the methodology proposed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Spinozzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Leandro R. S. Barbosa
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giacomo Corucci
- Institut Laue–Langevin, Grenoble, France
- École Doctorale de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Héres, France
| | - Paolo Mariani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Samineni L, Acharya B, Behera H, Oh H, Kumar M, Chowdhury R. Protein engineering of pores for separation, sensing, and sequencing. Cell Syst 2023; 14:676-691. [PMID: 37591205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are critical to cellular function and survival. They are complex molecules with precise structures and chemistries, which allow them to serve diverse functions for maintaining overall cell homeostasis. Since the discovery of the first enzyme in 1833, a gamut of advanced experimental and computational tools has been developed and deployed for understanding protein structure and function. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability to redesign/alter natural proteins for applications in industrial processes of interest and to make customized, novel synthetic proteins in the laboratory through protein engineering. We comprehensively review the successes in engineering pore-forming proteins and correlate the amino acid-level biochemistry of different pore modification strategies to the intended applications limited to nucleotide/peptide sequencing, single-molecule sensing, and precise molecular separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laxmicharan Samineni
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Bibek Acharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Harekrushna Behera
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hyeonji Oh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ratul Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruiz-Fernández AR, Campos L, Villanelo F, Garate JA, Perez-Acle T. Protein-Mediated Electroporation in a Cardiac Voltage-Sensing Domain Due to an nsPEF Stimulus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11397. [PMID: 37511161 PMCID: PMC10379607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study takes a step in understanding the physiological implications of the nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) by integrating molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning techniques. nsPEF, a state-of-the-art technology, uses high-voltage electric field pulses with a nanosecond duration to modulate cellular activity. This investigation reveals a relatively new and underexplored phenomenon: protein-mediated electroporation. Our research focused on the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of the NaV1.5 sodium cardiac channel in response to nsPEF stimulation. We scrutinized the VSD structures that form pores and thereby contribute to the physical chemistry that governs the defibrillation effect of nsPEF. To do so, we conducted a comprehensive analysis involving the clustering of 142 replicas simulated for 50 ns under nsPEF stimuli. We subsequently pinpointed the representative structures of each cluster and computed the free energy between them. We find that the selected VSD of NaV1.5 forms pores under nsPEF stimulation, but in a way that significant differs from the traditional VSD opening. This study not only extends our understanding of nsPEF and its interaction with protein channels but also adds a new effect to further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Campos
- Computational Biology Lab, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Felipe Villanelo
- Computational Biology Lab, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Jose Antonio Garate
- Computational Biology Lab, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus im NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2351319, Chile
| | - Tomas Perez-Acle
- Computational Biology Lab, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2360102, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li K, Tian H, Liang Y, Guo W, Zhao Y, Meng Y, Kong S. The Molecular Model of Organic Matter in Coal-Measure Shale: Structure Construction and Evaluation Based on Experimental Characterization. Molecules 2023; 28:5203. [PMID: 37446865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular structure and micropore structure of organic matters in coal-measure shale, the black shale samples of the Shanxi formation were collected from Xishan Coalfield, Taiyuan, and a hybrid experimental-simulation method was used for realistic macromolecular models of organic matter (OM). Four experimental techniques were used to determine the structural information of OM, including elemental analysis, state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). With structural parameters, two-dimensional (2D) average molecular models of OM were established as C177H160O8N2S with a molar weight of 2474, which agreed well with the experimental 13C-NMR spectra. A realistic three-dimensional (3D) OM macromolecular model was also reconstructed, containing 20 2D molecules with a density of 1.41 g/cm3. To determine the connectivity and spatial disposition of the OM pores, focused ion beam microscope (FIB-SEM) and transmission electron micrographs (TEM) were utilized. The 3D OM pores models were developed. The results show that whether the OM pores varied from 20 to 350 nm as obtained from FIB-SEM images or less than 10 nm as observed in the TEM images, both were of poor connectivity. However, the ultra-micro pores from the 3D OM macromolecular model varied from 3Å to 10 Å and showed certain connectivity, which may be the main channel of diffusion. Furthermore, with the pressure increased, the methane adsorption capacity of the 3D OM model increased with a maximum value of 103 cm3/g at 7 MPa, indicating that OM pores less than 1 nm have a huge methane adsorption capacity. Therefore, our work provides an analysis method that is a powerful and superior tool in further research on gas migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi Huaxin Gas Energy Institute Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Hongwu Tian
- National Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yanxia Liang
- Shanxi Huaxin Gas Energy Institute Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Agricultural Electrification and Automation, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yanjun Meng
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shaoqi Kong
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park JY, Lee JS, Lee SR, Lee DH. Combined Treatment with Micro-Focused Ultrasound with Visualization and Intradermal Incobotulinumtoxin-A for Enlarged Facial Pores: A Retrospective Study in Asians. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1249-1255. [PMID: 37215534 PMCID: PMC10198184 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s402001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the increasing need for the improvement of enlarged facial pores, the treatment remains challenging. A few previous studies have reported the effects of micro-focused ultrasound with visualization (MFU-V) or intradermal incobotulinumtoxin-A (INCO) on enlarged facial pores. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined treatment with superficial MFU-V and intradermal INCO for enlarged facial pores. Methods This single-center retrospective study included 20 patients treated with MFU-V and intradermal INCO to improve enlarged facial pores. Outcomes were evaluated 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after a single session of the combined procedure. Pore count and density were objectively quantitated using a three-dimensional scanner, and improvement was assessed using the physician and patient Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Results The mean pore count and density decreased after one week and decreased by up to 62% until 24 weeks. After one week, almost all patients (100% in physician GAIS and 95% in patient GAIS) showed improvement with a grade 3 (much improved) or higher. All adverse events were transient. Conclusion Combined treatment with MFU-V and intradermal INCO could be effective and safe for reducing enlarged facial pores; the improvements can be sustained for up to 24 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Je-Young Park
- Apkoo-Jung Oracle Dermatology Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ran Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deragon MA, McCaig WD, Truong PV, Metz KR, Carron KA, Hughes KJ, Knapp AR, Dougherty MJ, LaRocca TJ. Mitochondrial Trafficking of MLKL, Bak/Bax, and Drp1 Is Mediated by RIP1 and ROS which Leads to Decreased Mitochondrial Membrane Integrity during the Hyperglycemic Shift to Necroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108609. [PMID: 37239951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and necroptosis overlap in their initial signaling but diverge to produce non-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory outcomes, respectively. High glucose pushes signaling in favor of necroptosis producing a hyperglycemic shift from apoptosis to necroptosis. This shift depends on receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that RIP1, mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein, Bcl-2 agonist/killer (Bak), Bcl-2 associated x (Bax) protein, and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) traffic to the mitochondria in high glucose. RIP1 and MLKL appear in the mitochondria in their activated, phosphorylated states while Drp1 appears in its activated, dephosphorylated state in high glucose. Mitochondrial trafficking is prevented in rip1 KO cells and upon treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Induction of ROS replicated the mitochondrial trafficking seen in high glucose. MLKL forms high MW oligomers in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes while Bak and Bax form high MW oligomers in the outer mitochondrial membrane in high glucose, suggesting pore formation. MLKL, Bax, and Drp1 promoted cytochrome c release from the mitochondria as well as a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in high glucose. These results indicate that mitochondrial trafficking of RIP1, MLKL, Bak, Bax, and Drp1 are key events in the hyperglycemic shift from apoptosis to necroptosis. This is also the first report to show oligomerization of MLKL in the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and dependence of mitochondrial permeability on MLKL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Deragon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - William D McCaig
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Phillip V Truong
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Kevin R Metz
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Katherine A Carron
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Keven J Hughes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Angeleigh R Knapp
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Molly J Dougherty
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Timothy J LaRocca
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Herceg A, Maglić L, Grizelj B, Marušić V. Comparison of Ultrasonic Phased Array and Film Radiography in Detection of Artificially Embedded Defects in Welded Plates. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093579. [PMID: 37176460 PMCID: PMC10180252 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic and radiographic testing are generally two basic methods for volumetric (internal) defect detection in non-destructive testing. Since both methods are commonly used for the same thing, the question arises as to whether both are equally capable of detecting some commonly occurring defects in manufacturing. Commonly occurring defects are generally considered to be fusion defects, drilled holes (which act as pores), etc. To prove or disprove the hypothesis that both methods can generally be used to detect these defects, an experiment was conducted using three welded plates with artificially inserted defects. The welded plates had multiple defects that were intentionally placed close to each other to further complicate the interpretation of the UT results. UT investigation was based on phased-array technology with a multi-element probe. RT investigation was performed with an X-ray machine. Both investigations were based on the respective European standards: for UT, EN ISO 17640, and for RT, EN ISO 17636-1. The results and conclusions from the experiment are presented in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arijan Herceg
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University in Slavonski Brod, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Leon Maglić
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University in Slavonski Brod, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Branko Grizelj
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University in Slavonski Brod, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Vlatko Marušić
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University in Slavonski Brod, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Dong R, Lan X, Zhang M, Yu N, Long X. Unparallel improvement patterns of dynamic wrinkles and skin quality after botulinum toxin type A treatment on the upper face. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13309. [PMID: 36973993 PMCID: PMC10155803 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) can not only reduce the dynamic wrinkles but also improve the skin quality. This study aims to quantitaively and comprehensively assess the improvement of dynamic wrinkles and skin quality following BoNT-A treatment on the upper face. METHODS Patients were recruited to receive BoNT-A treatment of the glabellar, frontal, and lateral periorbital wrinkles. Antera 3D camera was used to evaluate the skin quality and dynamic wrinkle severity. Follow-up visits were at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. Different filters were utilized to quantitatively detect the severity of fine wrinkles (FWS), the volume of pores (PV), the roughness of skin texture (STR), and the severity of dynamic wrinkles (DWS). RESULTS Twenty-four participants (average 30.5 ± 7.2 years) were recruited. The significant improvement of PV, FWS, and STR in different areas usually maintained from 1 to 6 months after injections but of DWS only existed within 3 months. For each area, the improvement rates of FWS, PV, and STR peaked at 3 months or 6 months after treatment while the maximal improvement of DWS was observed at 1 month posttreatment. CONCLUSION After BoNT-A treatment for dynamic wrinkles on the upper face, the skin quality of target regions can also be ameliorated. The improvement of skin quality and dynamic wrinkles presented unparallel patterns. The former is with a slower onset but longer duration while the latter exhibits a more rapid onset but shorter duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Sun
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yunzhu Li
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ruijia Dong
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBeijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinze Lan
- School of ComputingNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang X, Liu K, Wen Y, Huang Y, Zheng C. Application of Natural and Calcined Oyster Shell Powders to Improve Latosol and Manage Nitrogen Leaching. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3919. [PMID: 36900930 PMCID: PMC10002008 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive N fertilizer application has aggravated soil acidification and loss of N. Although oyster shell powder (OSP) can improve acidic soil, few studies have investigated its ability to retain soil N. Here, the physicochemical properties of latosol after adding OSP and calcined OSP (COSP) and the dynamic leaching patterns of ammonium N (NH4+-N), nitrate N (NO3--N), and Ca in seepage, were examined through indoor culture and intermittent soil column simulation experiments. Various types of N fertilizer were optimized through the application of 200 mg/kg of N, urea (N 200 mg/kg) was the control treatment (CK), and OSP and COSPs prepared at four calcination temperatures-500, 600, 700, and 800 °C-were added to the latosol for cultivation and leaching experiments. Under various N application conditions, the total leached N from the soil followed ammonium nitrate > ammonium chloride > urea. The OSP and COSPs had a urea adsorption rate of 81.09-91.29%, and the maximum reduction in cumulative soil inorganic N leached was 18.17%. The ability of COSPs to inhibit and control N leaching improved with increasing calcination temperature. Applying OSP and COSPs increased soil pH, soil organic matter, total N, NO3--N, exchangeable Ca content, and cation exchange capacity. Although all soil enzyme activities related to N transformation decreased, the soil NH4+-N content remained unchanged. The strong adsorption capacities for NH4+-N by OSP and COSPs reduced the inorganic N leaching, mitigating the risk of groundwater contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Kexing Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanmei Wen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yongxiang Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Qin S, Shi S, Feng Y, Li H, Feng Y, Li M, Wen J. Prospective study of efficacy and safety of non-ablative 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser in Asian skin photoaging. Front Surg 2023; 10:1076848. [PMID: 36950052 PMCID: PMC10025463 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1076848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Photoaging manifests as deeper wrinkles and larger pores. It has been tried to rejuvenate photoaging skin using a variety of lasers, including fractionated lasers, which are a popular photorejuvenation treatment. A new breakthrough for skin rejuvenation is the 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser (FTL), a laser and light-based treatment option. Clinical data regarding the FTL for treating photoaging are limited despite its effectiveness and safety. This study is aim to evaluate FTL' clinical effectiveness and safety. Methods Fitzpatrick skin types II-IV subjects with mild to moderate photoaging signs were enrolled in this prospective study. At intervals of one month, patients received three full face treatments. Wrinkles, spots, texture, pores, melanin index, erythema index (MI and EI), skin elasticity and hydration were measured with non-invasive tool. The epidermal thickness and dermal density on ultrasonography were compared between baseline and one month after all treatment sessions. The Global Score for Photoaging scale (GSP) was rated by two independent evaluators at the baseline and final follow-up visit. Secondary outcomes included patient-rated pain on a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS), as well as overall satisfaction. Following each treatment, adverse events were noted. Results Totally 27 subjects (24 females and 3 males) with Fitzpatrick skin types II to IV and a mean age of 44.41 (range33-64) were enrolled. Results suggests that the epidermal thickness has significantly improved after treatment. Statistically significant improvements in melanin index, skin elasticity and wrinkles were noted. An analysis of 12 subjects' reports (44%) suggested their skin felt brighter. No post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation changes or adverse events were observed. 70% patients reporting "satisfied" or "extremely satisfied". Conclusions In this study, FTL was found to be a safe and effective treatment option for treating photoaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Qin
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siman Shi
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huarun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Feng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mujin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju Wen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Ju Wen
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pokle A, Weber D, Bianchini M, Janek J, Volz K. Probing the Ni(OH) 2 Precursor for LiNiO 2 at the Atomic Scale: Insights into the Origin of Structural Defect in a Layered Cathode Active Material. Small 2023; 19:e2205508. [PMID: 36433828 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the layered cathode materials of composition LiNi1- x - y Cox Mny O2 are critical for achieving high energy densities. A high nickel content (>80%) provides an attractive balance between high energy density, long lifetime, and low cost. Consequently, Ni-rich layered oxides cathode active materials (CAMs) are in high demand, and the importance of LiNiO2 (LNO) as limiting case, is hence paramount. However, achieving perfect stoichiometry is a challenge resulting in various structural issues, which successively impact physicochemical properties and result in the capacity fade of LIBs. To better understand defect formation in LNO, the role of the Ni(OH)2 precursor morphology in the synthesis of LNO requires in-depth investigation. By employing aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and precession electron diffraction, a direct observation of defects in the Ni(OH)2 precursor preparedis reported and the ex situ structural evolution from the precursor to the end product is monitored. During synthesis, the layered Ni(OH)2 structure transforms to partially lithiated (non-layered) NiO and finally to layered LNO. The results suggest that the defects observed in commercially relevant CAMs originate to a large extent from the precursors, hence care must be taken in tuning the co-precipitation parameters to synthesize defect-free Ni-rich layered oxides CAMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Pokle
- Materials Science Center (WZMW) and Department of Physics, Philipps-University Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Weber
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matteo Bianchini
- Battery and Electrochemistry Lab (BELLA), BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Volz
- Materials Science Center (WZMW) and Department of Physics, Philipps-University Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang H, You Y, Jia Y, Hu J, Li P, Xie Q. Tensile Properties and Fracture Mechanism of Thermal Spraying Polyurea. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15. [PMID: 36616390 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, polyurea was experimentally tested under various spraying temperatures and pressures. The number of holes and the pore size produced after the tensile fracture of the polyurea were counted to illustrate the effect of the various spraying temperatures and pressures on the performance of the polyurea. The tensile characteristics of polyurea were greatly influenced by the spraying temperatures and pressures, according to the experimental findings and statistical analysis. The polyurea tensile performance was best when the spraying pressure was 17.25 MPa with a spraying temperature of 70 °C. The fracture mechanism was illustrated by the silver streaking phenomenon generated during the tensile stretching process. The fracture energy was absorbed by the fracture holes and pores during silver streaking, thus creating the huge gap in tensile properties.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gumirova V, Razumovskaya I, Apel P, Bedin S, Naumov A. The Influence of Mechanical Stress Micro Fields around Pores on the Strength of Elongated Etched Membrane. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:membranes12111168. [PMID: 36422160 PMCID: PMC9697086 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the mechanical properties of polymer track-etched membranes (TMs) has attracted significant attention in connection with the extended region of their possible applications. In the present work, the mechanical stress fields around the pores of an elongated polyethylene terephthalate TM and around the 0.3 mm holes in model polymer specimens were studied in polarized light and with the finite element method. A break-up experiment showed the controlling role of stress field interaction in the forming of a microcrack system and the generation of a main crack with rupture of the TM (or model pattern). This interaction depended on the relative distance between the pores (holes) and their orientation. The results of the calculations of the pore distribution function over the surface of the TM via the net method and wavelet analysis are presented. The fractal character of pore distribution was established. The geometric characteristics of the TM pore system as initial defects are inherited by obtaining TM-based composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venera Gumirova
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Physics, Moscow Pedagogical State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Razumovskaya
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Physics, Moscow Pedagogical State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Apel
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Sergey Bedin
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Physics, Moscow Pedagogical State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- The Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk Branch, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Naumov
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Physics, Moscow Pedagogical State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- The Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk Branch, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory for Spectroscopy of Electronic Spectra of Molecules, Institute for Spectroscopy RAS, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ceccio G, Vacik J, Siegel J, Cannavó A, Choukourov A, Pleskunov P, Tosca M, Fink D. Etching and Doping of Pores in Polyethylene Terephthalate Analyzed by Ion Transmission Spectroscopy and Nuclear Depth Profiling. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:1061. [PMID: 36363615 PMCID: PMC9696164 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work is devoted to the study of controlled preparation and filling of pores in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes. A standard wet chemical etching with different protocols (isothermal and isochronous etching for different times and temperatures and etching from one or both sides of the films) was used to prepare the micrometric pores. The pores were filled with either a LiCl solution or boron deposited by magnetron sputtering. Subsequent control of the pore shape and dopant filling was performed using the nuclear methods of ion transmission spectroscopy (ITS) and neutron depth profiling (NDP). It turned out that wet chemical etching, monitored and quantified by ITS, was shown to enable the preparation of the desired simple pore geometry. Furthermore, the effect of dopant filling on the pore shape could be well observed and analyzed by ITS and, for relevant light elements, by NDP, which can determine their depth (and spatial) distribution. In addition, both non-destructive methods were proven to be suitable and effective tools for studying the preparation and filling of pores in thin films. Thus, they can be considered promising for research into nanostructure technologies of thin porous membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ceccio
- Department of Neutron Physics, Nuclear Physics Institute (NPI) of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), 250 68 Husinec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vacik
- Department of Neutron Physics, Nuclear Physics Institute (NPI) of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), 250 68 Husinec, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Siegel
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonino Cannavó
- Department of Neutron Physics, Nuclear Physics Institute (NPI) of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), 250 68 Husinec, Czech Republic
| | - Andrey Choukourov
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holesovickach 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pleskunov
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holesovickach 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Tosca
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holesovickach 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- ELI —Beamlines Centre, Institute of Physics (FZU), Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 41 Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic
| | - Dietmar Fink
- Department of Neutron Physics, Nuclear Physics Institute (NPI) of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), 250 68 Husinec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Karlova P, Serdechnova M, Blawert C, Lu X, Mohedano M, Tolnai D, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Zheludkevich ML. Comparison of 2D and 3D Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)-Based Coating Porosity Data Obtained by X-ray Tomography Rendering and a Classical Metallographic Approach. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6315. [PMID: 36143626 PMCID: PMC9502706 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the porosity of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO)-based coatings on Al- and Mg-based substrates was studied by two imaging techniques-namely, SEM and computer microtomography. Two approaches for porosity determination were chosen; relatively simple and fast SEM surface and cross-sectional imaging was compared with X-ray micro computed tomography (microCT) rendering. Differences between 2D and 3D porosity were demonstrated and explained. A more compact PEO coating was found on the Al substrate, with a lower porosity compared to Mg substrates under the same processing parameters. Furthermore, huge pore clusters were detected with microCT. Overall, 2D surface porosity calculations did not show sufficient accuracy for them to become the recommended method for the exact evaluation of the porosity of PEO coatings; microCT is a more appropriate method for porosity evaluation compared to SEM imaging. Moreover, the advantage of 3D microCT images clearly lies in the detection of closed and open porosity, which are important for coating properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Karlova
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Maria Serdechnova
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Carsten Blawert
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Xiaopeng Lu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, 3-11 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Marta Mohedano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domonkos Tolnai
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Berit Zeller-Plumhoff
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Mikhail L. Zheludkevich
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstrasse 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Choi YJ, Kim JS, Kim WS. Photothermal therapy using gold nanoparticles and a long-pulsed 755-nm alexandrite laser to treat facial photoaging in Asian skin: A prospective clinical trial. Lasers Surg Med 2022; 54:1060-1070. [PMID: 35789098 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transdermally delivered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) irradiated with near-infrared laser energy can create a photothermal effect within the sebaceous glands (SGs). Photothermal therapy (PTT) can be used clinically to reverse photoaging in SG-rich areas of the skin. Improvements in wrinkles and enlarged pores in Asian skin were assessed following AuNP-mediated PTT with a long-pulsed 755-nm alexandrite laser. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-arm, prospective trial was designed. Twenty Korean patients underwent three gold PTT interventions performed 4 weeks apart at laser hair-removal settings without cooling. At Week 20, changes in the wrinkle index (WI) and pore index (PI), size, and count were calculated using three-dimensional camera analyses. Overall improvements in wrinkles and pores (0-4 scale) were assessed by blinded investigators using standardized photographic comparisons. The subjects scored their satisfaction (0-10 scale) and treatment discomfort (0-10 scale). Safety data were also collected. RESULTS There were significant reductions in the WI (8.3%, p < 0.01), pore size (23.1%, p = 0.035), and PI (19.9%, p = 0.034) in the periorbital areas at week 20 compared with baseline. The mean reductions in the size (22.5%, p = 0.027), count (16.5%, p = 0.048), and index (22.4%, p = 0.023) of the cheek pores were also significant. Investigators reported average scores of 3.2 ± 0.6 for improved wrinkle appearance, and 3.1 ± 0.7 for improvement in visible pores. Participants were moderately satisfied with the overall results (7.6 ± 1.8). Subjects felt moderate discomfort during treatment (4.7 ± 2.6). No serious or persistent adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS AuNP-mediated PTT showed noticeable efficacy and tolerability in treating wrinkles and pores in Asian skin over a 12 week-follow-up. Further studies with a longer follow-up are needed to confirm the reduction in SG activity at the parameters used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seop Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Serk Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Deng K, Zhou T, Mao Q, Wang S, Wang Z, Xu Y, Li X, Wang H, Wang L. Surface Engineering of Defective and Porous Ir Metallene with Polyallylamine for Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2110680. [PMID: 35263473 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The design of defects and porous structures into metallene with functional surfaces is highly desired to improve its permeability, surface area, and active sites, but remains a great challenge. In this work, polyallylamine-encapsulated Ir metallene with defects and porous structure (Ir@PAH metallene) is easily fabricated by a one-step wet chemical reduction method. The Ir@PAH metallene exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with an overpotential of only 14 mV at 10 mA cm-2 , a low Tafel slope of 31.2 mV dec-1 , and almost no activity decay after stability test. The abundant defects and pores as well as several-atomic-layer nanosheet structures of Ir@PAH metallene provide a large specific surface area, high conductivity, and efficient mass transport/diffusion. In addition, surface-functionalized PAH molecules can modulate the electronic structure through strong Ir-N interaction and act as proton carriers to capture hydrogen ions, which is very beneficial for the HER in acidic media. This work provides a useful strategy for the synthesis of the defective and porous metallene with functionalized surfaces for various catalytic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Mao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - You Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kroll J, Ruiz-Fernandez MJA, Braun MB, Merrin J, Renkawitz J. Quantifying the Probing and Selection of Microenvironmental Pores by Motile Immune Cells. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e407. [PMID: 35384410 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are constantly on the move through multicellular organisms to explore and respond to pathogens and other harmful insults. While moving, immune cells efficiently traverse microenvironments composed of tissue cells and extracellular fibers, which together form complex environments of various porosity, stiffness, topography, and chemical composition. In this protocol we describe experimental procedures to investigate immune cell migration through microenvironments of heterogeneous porosity. In particular, we describe micro-channels, micro-pillars, and collagen networks as cell migration paths with alternative pore size choices. Employing micro-channels or micro-pillars that divide at junctions into alternative paths with initially differentially sized pores allows us to precisely (1) measure the cellular translocation time through these porous path junctions, (2) quantify the cellular preference for individual pore sizes, and (3) image cellular components like the nucleus and the cytoskeleton. This reductionistic experimental setup thus can elucidate how immune cells perform decisions in complex microenvironments of various porosity like the interstitium. The setup further allows investigation of the underlying forces of cellular squeezing and the consequences of cellular deformation on the integrity of the cell and its organelles. As a complementary approach that does not require any micro-engineering expertise, we describe the usage of three-dimensional collagen networks with different pore sizes. Whereas we here focus on dendritic cells as a model for motile immune cells, the described protocols are versatile as they are also applicable for other immune cell types like neutrophils and non-immune cell types such as mesenchymal and cancer cells. In summary, we here describe protocols to identify the mechanisms and principles of cellular probing, decision making, and squeezing during cellular movement through microenvironments of heterogeneous porosity. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Immune cell migration in micro-channels and micro-pillars with defined pore sizes Support Protocol 1: Epoxy replica of generated and/or published micro-structures Support Protocol 2: Dendritic cell differentiation Basic Protocol 2: Immune cell migration in 3D collagen networks of variable pore sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kroll
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, München, Germany
| | - Mauricio J A Ruiz-Fernandez
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, München, Germany
| | - Malte B Braun
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, München, Germany
| | - Jack Merrin
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jörg Renkawitz
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jin L, Yang Y, Yao P, Chen W, Qian Z, Xue J. Investigation of the Difference in the Pulse Current in the Double Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding of Aluminum Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15072513. [PMID: 35407846 PMCID: PMC8999491 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a double pulse gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW) for an AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy based on fewer basic welding parameters than the traditional DP-GMAW is proposed. This study compared the difference in pulse base currents (ΔIb) and the difference in the pulse peak currents (ΔIp) by analyzing the electrical signal and morphology properties of welded samples. The results indicated that changing ΔIp caused welding defects or even welding failure easily. The welding stability after changing ΔIb was much better than that after changing ΔIp. The individual fish-scale width of the weld joint remained unchanged when ΔIb was at different values. In addition, the average absorbed work, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the weld joints obtained by different ΔIb values reached 31.1%, 60.2%, 52.9% and 37.9% of the base metal, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yuqing Yang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Ping Yao
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510635, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-130-7677-9612
| | - Wenshi Chen
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Zhiqiu Qian
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.C.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Jiaxiang Xue
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rothschild BM, Jellema L, Lambert W. Demographics and significance of porotic hyperostosis as assessed by surface microscopy. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:2158-2165. [PMID: 35122474 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examination of parietal surface anatomy has been limited because standard techniques have insufficient resolution to identify and characterize the structures of interest. Perspectives derived thereof have not clarified their nature. Surface microscopy is pursued as a non-destructive technique to assess the character and implications of porotic pores (referred to as porotic hyperostosis), which have been subject of much speculation. METHODS The external surface of skulls, selected on the basis of age and gender, from the Hamann-Todd human collection are examined by epi-illumination microscopy for surface pores and to assess correlation with age, ethnicity, gender, anemia, infection, cancer, hypertrophic bone disorders, renal disease and fractures. RESULTS Pore-like surface defects are present in 2.7-5% of individuals in the third-fifth decades of life; 7%, in the sixth-eighth; and 25%, in the ninth-11th, but absent in the second decade of life. They are gender and birthdate-independent, but slightly more common in African Americans. Fractures are more common among individuals with parietal pores, while tuberculosis, cancer and hypertrophic bone diseases and anemia are less common. DISCUSSION This is the first study to actually examine the prevalence of parietal pores as a function of known age, race and sex and provides a baseline for comparison with populations in which those variables are not clearly identifiable. While some porotic pores may be related to marrow hyperplasia, trans-cortical circulation may explain the majority. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyman Jellema
- Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Wade Circle, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Otto JL, Fedotov I, Penyaz M, Schaum T, Kalenborn A, Kalin B, Sevryukov O, Walther F. Microstructure and Defect-Based Fatigue Mechanism Evaluation of Brazed Coaxial Ti/Al 2O 3 Joints for Enhanced Endoprosthesis Design. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14247895. [PMID: 34947498 PMCID: PMC8707568 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alumina-based ceramic hip endoprosthesis heads have excellent tribological properties, such as low wear rates. However, stress peaks can occur at the point of contact with the prosthesis stem, increasing the probability of fracture. This risk should be minimized, especially for younger and active patients. Metal elevations at the stem taper after revision surgery without removal of a well-fixed stem are also known to increase the risk of fracture. A solution that also eliminates the need for an adapter sleeve could be a fixed titanium insert in the ceramic ball head, which would be suitable as a damping element to reduce the occurrence of stress peaks. A viable method for producing such a permanent titanium–ceramic joint is brazing. Therefore, a brazing method was developed for coaxial samples, and two modifications were made to the ceramic surface to braze a joint that could withstand high cyclic loading. This cyclic loading was applied in multiple amplitude tests in a self-developed test setup, followed by fractographic studies. Computed tomography and microstructural analyses—such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy—were also used to characterize the process–structure–property relationships. It was found that the cyclic loading capacity can be significantly increased by modification of the surface structure of the ceramic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes L. Otto
- Chair of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (T.S.); (A.K.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Fedotov
- Department of Materials Science, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia; (I.F.); (M.P.); (O.S.)
| | - Milena Penyaz
- Department of Materials Science, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia; (I.F.); (M.P.); (O.S.)
| | - Thorge Schaum
- Chair of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (T.S.); (A.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Anke Kalenborn
- Chair of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (T.S.); (A.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Boris Kalin
- Department of Materials Science, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia; (I.F.); (M.P.); (O.S.)
| | - Oleg Sevryukov
- Department of Materials Science, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia; (I.F.); (M.P.); (O.S.)
| | - Frank Walther
- Chair of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (T.S.); (A.K.); (F.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xia P, Luo Y. Vascularization in tissue engineering: The architecture cues of pores in scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1206-1214. [PMID: 34860454 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is a key event and also still a challenge in tissue engineering. Many efforts have been devoted to the development of vascularization based on cells, growth factors, and porous scaffolds in the past decades. Among these efforts, the architecture features of pores in scaffolds played important roles for vascularization, which have attracted increasing attention. It has been known that the open macro pores in scaffolds could facilitate cell migration, nutrient, and oxygen diffusion, which then could promote new tissue formation and vascularization. The pore parameters are the important factors affecting cells response and vessel formation. Thus, this review will give an overview of the current advances in the effects of pore parameters on vascularization in tissue engineering, mainly including pore size, interconnectivity, pore size distribution, pore shape (channel structure), and the micro/nano-surface topography of pores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xia
- People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongxiang Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Arbenin AY, Zemtsova EG, Orekhov EV, Sokolova DN, Baburova PI, Petrov AA, Gaǐshun VE, Smirnov VM. Features of Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Based Coatings for Non-Lithographic Template Electrochemical Synthesis of Micron Metal Particle Arrays. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040202. [PMID: 34842685 PMCID: PMC8628743 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This work is devoted to the development of non-lithographic template methods of synthesis. These methods have a significant advantage in terms of structure formation: there is no need to design and produce masks, which greatly simplifies the process, and more of them can work with nonplanar substrates. The purpose of this study was to reveal the conditions for the synthesis of titanium dioxide xerogel films of different topologies as well as to develop a technique for non-lithographic template electrochemical synthesis of micron metal particles arrays and to study the structure of the resulting coatings. The films were deposited on the surface of substrates via dip coating. Specific topology of the films was achieved by template sol-gel synthesis. Their structures were analyzed by SEM and XRD. Template synthesis of metal micro particles were realized by pulsed electrochemical deposition of metals into the perforations of xerogel films. Obtained materials were analyzed by SEM and XRD; the element distribution on the surface was determined by the EDS detector of SEM. Based on the analysis results, we suggest the mechanisms of formation of the xerogel topology and proved the efficiency of pulsed electrodeposition for template synthesis of micron particles arrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Arbenin
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.Z.); (E.V.O.); (D.N.S.); (P.I.B.); (A.A.P.); (V.M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena G. Zemtsova
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.Z.); (E.V.O.); (D.N.S.); (P.I.B.); (A.A.P.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Evgeniy V. Orekhov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.Z.); (E.V.O.); (D.N.S.); (P.I.B.); (A.A.P.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Daria N. Sokolova
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.Z.); (E.V.O.); (D.N.S.); (P.I.B.); (A.A.P.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Polina I. Baburova
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.Z.); (E.V.O.); (D.N.S.); (P.I.B.); (A.A.P.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Alexey A. Petrov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.Z.); (E.V.O.); (D.N.S.); (P.I.B.); (A.A.P.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Vladimir E. Gaǐshun
- Francisk Skarina Gomel State University, 104 Sovetskaya Str., 246019 Gomel, Belarus;
| | - Vladimir M. Smirnov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.Z.); (E.V.O.); (D.N.S.); (P.I.B.); (A.A.P.); (V.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Leis A, Weber R, Graf T. Process Window for Highly Efficient Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of AlSi10Mg with Reduced Pore Formation. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5255. [PMID: 34576480 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The process window for highly efficient laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF), ensuring the production of parts with low porosity, was determined by analyzing cross-sections of samples that were generated with laser powers varying between 10.8 W and 1754 W, laser beam diameters varying between 35 μm and 200 μm, and velocities of the moving laser beam ranging between 0.7 m/s and 1.3 m/s. With these parameters, the process alters between different modes that are referred to as simple heating, heat conduction melting (HCM), key-bowl melting (KBM), and deep-penetration melting (DPM). It was found that the optimum process window for a highly efficient LPBF process, generating AlSi10Mg parts with low porosity, is determined by the ratio PL/db of the incident laser power PL and the beam diameter db of the beam on the surface of the bead, and ranges between PL/db = 2000 W/mm and PL/db = 5200 W/mm, showing process efficiencies of about 7–8%. This optimum process window is centered around the range PL/db = 3000–3500 W/mm, in which the process is characterized by KBM, which is an intermediate process mode between HCM and DPM. Processes with PL/db < 2000 W/mm partially failed, and lead to balling and a lack of fusion, whereas processes with PL/db > 5200 W/mm showed a process efficiency below 5% and pore ratios exceeding 10%.
Collapse
|
28
|
Tonndorf R, Aibibu D, Cherif C. Isotropic and Anisotropic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Collagen, Conventional, and Textile Fabrication Technologies and Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9561. [PMID: 34502469 PMCID: PMC8431235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are briefly explained and the importance of scaffolds is highlighted. Furthermore, the requirements of scaffolds and how they can be fulfilled by using specific biomaterials and fabrication methods are presented. Detailed insight is given into the two biopolymers chitosan and collagen. The fabrication methods are divided into two categories: isotropic and anisotropic scaffold fabrication methods. Processable biomaterials and achievable pore sizes are assigned to each method. In addition, fiber spinning methods and textile fabrication methods used to produce anisotropic scaffolds are described in detail and the advantages of anisotropic scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tonndorf
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sikora BC, Wortzman M, Nelson DB, Dover JS. A pilot study evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of a comprehensive, hydrating topical antioxidant developed specifically for men. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:2816-2823. [PMID: 34189833 PMCID: PMC8457217 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction There is growing interest in skincare products designed for men. This pilot study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a comprehensive antioxidant product in men. Methods This 12‐week study evaluated improvements from baseline in erythema, lines/wrinkles, skin tone, texture, brightness, dryness/flaking and pores (6‐point scale), global improvements (5‐point scale), and sebum levels following daily application in males with mild to moderate photodamaged skin. Subject self‐assessments and adverse events (AEs) were captured. Results Twenty‐two subjects completed the study. Early mean percent improvements from baseline were demonstrated in all categories at week 4 with visible improvements in skin tone (29%; p = .0001) and pores (28%; p < .0001). Reductions in skin surface sebum levels (forehead region) from baseline were demonstrated at 8 (p < .0001) and 12 (p < .0003) weeks. Ninety‐six percent of subjects reported overall visible improvement of their skin and that the study product calmed/soothed skin, reducing redness and irritation after shaving. One subject reported mild dryness. Conclusion Once daily application of a comprehensive topical antioxidant designed for men led to significant improvements in skin appearance, substantial reductions in skin surface sebum levels, and was well tolerated with a high level of subject satisfaction over 12 weeks.
Collapse
|
30
|
Nadein K, Kovalev A, Thøgersen J, Weidner T, Gorb S. Insects use lubricants to minimize friction and wear in leg joints. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211065. [PMID: 34229486 PMCID: PMC8261218 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A protein-based lubricating substance is discovered in the femoro-tibial joint of the darkling beetle Zophobas morio (Insecta). The substance extrudes to the contacting areas within the joint and appears in a form of filiform flows and short cylindrical fragments. The extruded lubricating substance effectively reduces the coefficient of sliding friction to the value of 0.13 in the tribosystem glass/lubricant/glass. This value is significantly lower than 0.35 in the control tribosystem glass/glass and comparable to the value of 0.14 for the tribosystem glass/dry PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene or Teflon). The study shows for the first time that the friction-reducing mechanism found in Z. morio femoro-tibial joints is based on the lubricant spreading over the contacting surfaces rolling or moving at low loads and deforming at higher loads, preventing direct contact of joint counterparts. Besides Z. morio, the lubricant has been found in the leg joints of the Argentinian wood roach Blaptica dubia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Nadein
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten, 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Kovalev
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten, 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Thøgersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stanislav Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten, 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Valigurová A, Florent I. Nutrient Acquisition and Attachment Strategies in Basal Lineages: A Tough Nut to Crack in the Evolutionary Puzzle of Apicomplexa. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1430. [PMID: 34361866 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexa are unicellular eukaryotes that parasitise a wide spectrum of invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. In their hosts, they occupy a variety of niches, from extracellular cavities (intestine, coelom) to epicellular and intracellular locations, depending on the species and/or developmental stages. During their evolution, Apicomplexa thus developed an exceptionally wide range of unique features to reach these diversified parasitic niches and to survive there, at least long enough to ensure their own transmission or that of their progeny. This review summarises the current state of knowledge on the attachment/invasive and nutrient uptake strategies displayed by apicomplexan parasites, focusing on trophozoite stages of their so far poorly studied basal representatives, which mostly parasitise invertebrate hosts. We describe their most important morphofunctional features, and where applicable, discuss existing major similarities and/or differences in the corresponding mechanisms, incomparably better described at the molecular level in the more advanced Apicomplexa species, of medical and veterinary significance, which mainly occupy intracellular niches in vertebrate hosts.
Collapse
|
32
|
Jayathilake M, Rudra S, Akhtar N, Christy AA. Characterization and Evaluation of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Char from Alkali Lignin in Subcritical Temperatures. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14113024. [PMID: 34199518 PMCID: PMC8199676 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) char is investigated in this work. Morphological studies, N2 adsorption behavior, FTIR analysis, thermal behavior, and elemental composition are studied. The HTL char yield showed an increase with higher operating temperatures. It increased from 11.02% to 33% when the temperature increased from 573 K to 623 K. At lower temperatures, the residence time showed an impact on the yield, while close to the critical point, residence time became less impactful. Elemental analysis showed that both higher operating temperatures and longer residence times increased the nitrogen content of the chars from 0.32% to 0.51%. FTIR analysis suggested the char became more aromatic with the higher temperatures. The aliphatic groups present diminished drastically with the increasing temperature. Residence time did not show a significant impact as much as the temperature when considering the functional group elimination. An increase in operating temperatures and residence times produced thermally stable chars. HTL char produced at the lowest operating temperature and showed both the highest surface area and pore volume. When temperature and residence time increase, more polyaromatic char is produced due to carbonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhawa Jayathilake
- Department of Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, 4879 Grimstad, Norway; (M.J.); (N.A.)
| | - Souman Rudra
- Department of Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, 4879 Grimstad, Norway; (M.J.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-37233036
| | - Naureen Akhtar
- Department of Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, 4879 Grimstad, Norway; (M.J.); (N.A.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chai W, Zhang L, Li W, Zhang M, Huang J, Zhang W. Preparation of Plastics- and Foaming Agent-Free and Porous Bamboo Charcoal based Composites Using Sodium Silicate as Adhesives. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14102468. [PMID: 34064560 PMCID: PMC8151041 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plastics and foaming agents are often used to prepare large-size and low-density bamboo charcoal (BC) based composites. In this study, a plastic-free and foaming agent-free BC based composite was prepared by substituting sodium silicate (SS) for plastics. The effect of both the BC particle sizes and the usage amount of SS on the mechanical and adsorptive properties of the BC/SS composites were investigated. The experimental results show that when the BC particle size is 270 μm and the mass ratio of BC to SS is equal to 10:5, the BC/SS composite has the optimal foaming effect and best comprehensive properties. In addition, the foaming pores of the composite are caused by water vapor, which has difficulty escaping the BC because of the blockage of SS during the hot pressing process. In the BC/SS composite (10:5), the static bending intensity and the compressive strength reach respectively 6.13 MPa and 5.5 MPa, and the average pore size and porosity are 557.85 nm and 52.03%, respectively. In addition, its formaldehyde adsorptionrate reaches 21.6%. In view of good mechanical properties, formaldehyde adsorption, and environmentally friendly performance, the BC/SS composite has a great potential as a core layer of interior building materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Chai
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Wenzhu Li
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jingda Huang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenbiao Zhang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (W.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Holden MA, Campbell JM, Meldrum FC, Murray BJ, Christenson HK. Active sites for ice nucleation differ depending on nucleation mode. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022859118. [PMID: 33903239 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022859118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of ice crystals in the atmosphere is an important component of our planet’s climate. Ice crystals usually form on solid particles suspended in the atmosphere, where a water droplet can either condense on the particle and then freeze, or ice can grow directly on the particle without water first condensing. However, understanding of why some types of particles are especially effective is poor. Here, we use microscopy to identify the sites where ice first forms on atmospherically important minerals and find a significant difference between the two modes of ice growth. These results provide insight into the factors that govern ice formation in the atmosphere and imply an important role of surface morphology in directing crystal formation. The nucleation of ice crystals in clouds is poorly understood, despite being of critical importance for our planet’s climate. Nucleation occurs largely at rare “active sites” present on airborne particles such as mineral dust, but the nucleation pathway is distinct under different meteorological conditions. These give rise to two key nucleation pathways where a particle is either immersed in a supercooled liquid water droplet (immersion freezing mode) or suspended in a supersaturated vapor (deposition mode). However, it is unclear if the same active sites are responsible for nucleation in these two modes. Here, we directly compare the sites that are active in these two modes by performing immersion freezing and deposition experiments on the same thin sections of two atmospherically important minerals (feldspar and quartz). For both substrates, we confirm that nucleation is dominated by a limited number of sites and show that there is little correlation between the two sets of sites operating in each experimental method: across both materials, only six out of 73 sites active for immersion freezing nucleation were also active for deposition nucleation. Clearly, different properties determine the activity of nucleation sites for each mode, and we use the pore condensation and freezing concept to argue that effective deposition sites have size and/or geometry requirements not of relevance to effective immersion freezing sites. Hence, the ability to nucleate is pathway dependent, and the mode of nucleation has to be explicitly considered when applying experimental data in cloud models.
Collapse
|
35
|
Guerle-Cavero R, Lleal-Fontàs B, Balfagón-Costa A. Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin Properties. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1807. [PMID: 33917479 PMCID: PMC8038782 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In 2023, new legislation will ban the use of animals in the cosmetic industry worldwide. This fact, together with ethical considerations concerning the use of animals or humans in scientific research, highlights the need to propose new alternatives for replacing their use. The aim of this study is to create a tri-layered chitosan membrane ionically crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) in order to simulate the number of layers in human skin. The current article highlights the creation of a membrane where pores were induced by a novel method. Swelling index, pore creation, and mechanical property measurements revealed that the swelling index of chitosan membranes decreased and, their pore formation and elasticity increased with an increase in the Deacetylation Grade (DDA). Additionally, the results demonstrate that chitosan's origin can influence the elastic modulus value and reproducibility, with higher values being obtained with seashell than snow crab or shrimp shells. Furthermore, the data show that the addition of each layer, until reaching three layers, increases the elastic modulus. Moreover, if layers are crosslinked, the elastic modulus increases to a much greater extent. The characterization of three kinds of chitosan membranes was performed to find the most suitable material for studying different human skin properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Guerle-Cavero
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Group, Instituto Químico de Sarriá, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (B.L.-F.); (A.B.-C.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu D, Lee B, Babkin A, Chang Y. Research Progress of Arc Additive Manufacture Technology. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1415. [PMID: 33803973 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing technology is a special processing technology that has developed rapidly in the past 30 years. The materials used are divided into powder and wire. Additive manufacturing technology using wire as the material has the advantages of high deposition rate, uniform composition, and high density. It has received increasingly more attention, especially for the high efficiency and rapid prototyping of large-size and complex-shaped components. Wire arc additive manufacturing has its unique advantages. The concept, connotation, and development history of arc additive manufacturing technology in foreign countries are reviewed, and the current research status of arc-based metal additive manufacturing technology is reviewed from the principles, development history, process, and practical application of arc additive manufacturing technology. It focuses on the forming system, forming material, residual stress and pores, and other defect controls of the technology, as well as the current methods of mechanical properties and process quality improvement, and the development prospects of arc additive manufacturing technology are prospected. The results show that the related research work of wire arc additive manufacturing technology is still mainly focused on the experimental research stage and has yet not gone deep into the exploration of the forming mechanism. The research work in this field should be more in-depth and systematic from the physical process of forming the molten pool system from the perspectives of stability, the organization evolution law, and performance optimization. We strive to carry out wire arc additive forming technology and theoretical research to promote the application of this technology in modern manufacturing.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Droplet wicking and evaporation in porous nanochannels is experimentally studied on a heated surface at temperatures ranging from 35 to 90 °C. The fabricated geometry consists of cross-connected nanochannels of height 728 nm with micropores of diameter 2 μm present at every channel intersection; the pores allow water from a droplet placed on the top surface to wick into the channels. Droplet volume is also varied, and a total of 16 experimental cases are conducted. Wicking characteristics such as wicked distance, capillary pressure, viscous resistance, and propagation coefficients are obtained at all surface temperatures. Evaporation flux from the nanochannels/micropores is estimated from the droplet experiments but is also independently confirmed via a new set of experiments where water is continuously fed to the sample through a microtube so that it matches the evaporation rate. Heat flux as high as ∼294 W/cm2 is achieved from channels and pores. The experimental findings are applied to evaluate the use of porous nanochannel geometry in spray cooling application and is found to be capable of passively dissipating high heat fluxes upto ∼77 W/cm2 at temperatures below nucleation, thus highlighting the thermal management potential of the fabricated geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajag Poudel
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - An Zou
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Shalabh C Maroo
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Prochor P, Gryko A. Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Porosity and Pore Geometry on Functionality of Scaffolds Designated for Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine. Materials (Basel) 2020; 14:ma14010109. [PMID: 33383866 PMCID: PMC7796183 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scaffolds are vital for orthopedic regenerative medicine. Therefore, comprehensive studies evaluating their functionality with consideration of variable parameters are needed. The research aim was to evaluate pore geometry and scaffold porosity influence on first, cell culture efficiency in a perfusion bioreactor and second, osteogenic cell diffusion after its implantation. METHODS For the studies, five pore geometries were selected (triangular prism with a rounded and a flat profile, cube, octagonal prism, sphere) and seven porosities (up to 80%), on the basis of which 70 models were created for finite element analyses. First, scaffolds were placed inside a flow channel to estimate growth medium velocity and wall shear stress. Secondly, scaffolds were placed in a bone to evaluate osteogenic cell diffusion. RESULTS In terms of fluid minimal velocity (0.005 m/s) and maximal wall shear stress (100 mPa), only cubic and octagonal pores with 30% porosity and spherical pores with 20% porosity fulfilled the requirements. Spherical pores had the highest osteogenic cell diffusion efficiency for porosities up to 30%. For higher porosities, the octagonal prism's pores gave the best results up to 80%, where no differences were noted. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained allows for the appropriate selection of pore geometry and scaffold porosity for orthopedic regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kosmela P, Suchorzewski J, Formela K, Kazimierski P, Haponiuk JT, Piszczyk Ł. Microstructure-Property Relationship of Polyurethane Foams Modified with Baltic Sea Biomass: Microcomputed Tomography vs. Scanning Electron Microscopy. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13245734. [PMID: 33339184 PMCID: PMC7765592 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, novel rigid polyurethane foams modified with Baltic Sea biomass were compared with traditional petro-based polyurethane foam as reference sample. A special attention was focused on complex studies of microstructure, which was visualized and measured in 3D with high-resolution microcomputed tomography (microCT) and, as commonly applied for this purpose, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The impact of pore volume, area, shape and orientation on appearance density and thermal insulation properties of polyurethane foams was determined. The results presented in the paper confirm that microcomputed tomography is a useful tool for relatively quick estimation of polyurethane foams’ microstructure, what is crucial especially in the case of thermal insulation materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kosmela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (J.T.H.); (Ł.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (K.F.)
| | - Jan Suchorzewski
- Division Built Environment, Department Infrastructure and Concrete Structures, Material Design, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Brinellgatan 4, 501-15 Borås, Sweden;
- Department of Concrete Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Formela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (J.T.H.); (Ł.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (K.F.)
| | - Paweł Kazimierski
- Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Fiszera Str. 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Józef Tadeusz Haponiuk
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (J.T.H.); (Ł.P.)
| | - Łukasz Piszczyk
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (J.T.H.); (Ł.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cassidy PS, Kelly RA, Reina-Torres E, Sherwood JM, Humphries MM, Kiang AS, Farrar GJ, O'Brien C, Campbell M, Stamer WD, Overby DR, Humphries P, O'Callaghan J. siRNA targeting Schlemm's canal endothelial tight junctions enhances outflow facility and reduces IOP in a steroid-induced OHT rodent model. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 20:86-94. [PMID: 33376757 PMCID: PMC7749298 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic or localized application of glucocorticoids (GCs) can lead to iatrogenic ocular hypertension, which is a leading cause of secondary open-angle glaucoma and visual impairment. Previous work has shown that dexamethasone increases zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein expression in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, and that an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of ZO-1 can abolish the dexamethasone-induced increase in trans-endothelial flow resistance in cultured Schlemm’s canal (SC) endothelial and TM cells. We have previously shown that intracameral inoculation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting SC endothelial cell tight junction components, ZO-1 and tricellulin, increases aqueous humor outflow facility ex vivo in normotensive mice by reversibly opening SC endothelial paracellular pores. In this study, we show that targeted siRNA downregulation of these SC endothelial tight junctions reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in vivo, with a concomitant increase in conventional outflow facility in a well-characterized chronic steroid-induced mouse model of ocular hypertension, thus representing a potential focused clinical application for this therapy in a sight-threatening scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Cassidy
- Ocular Genetics Unit, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ruth A Kelly
- Ocular Genetics Unit, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ester Reina-Torres
- Ocular Genetics Unit, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marian M Humphries
- Ocular Genetics Unit, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna-Sophia Kiang
- Ocular Genetics Unit, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Jane Farrar
- Ocular Genetics Unit, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm O'Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Darryl R Overby
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pete Humphries
- Ocular Genetics Unit, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey O'Callaghan
- Ocular Genetics Unit, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hakami MW, Alkhudhiri A, Al-Batty S, Zacharof MP, Maddy J, Hilal N. Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes in Wastewater Treatment: Filtration Behavior, Fouling and Prevention. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:E248. [PMID: 32971963 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, integrated microfiltration (MF) membrane systems treatment is becoming widely popular due to its feasibility, process reliability, commercial availability, modularity, relative insensitivity in case of wastewater of various industrial sources as well as raw water treatment and lower operating costs. The well thought out, designed and implemented use of membranes can decrease capital cost, reduce chemical usage, and require little maintenance. Due to their resistance to extreme operating conditions and cleaning protocols, ceramic MF membranes are gradually becoming more employed in the drinking water and wastewater treatment industries when compared with organic and polymeric membranes. Regardless of their many advantages, during continuous operation these membranes are susceptible to a fouling process that can be detrimental for successful and continuous plant operations. Chemical and microbial agents including suspended particles, organic matter particulates, microorganisms and heavy metals mainly contribute to fouling, a complex multifactorial phenomenon. Several strategies, such as chemical cleaning protocols, turbulence promoters and backwashing with air or liquids are currently used in the industry, mainly focusing around early prevention and treatment, so that the separation efficiency of MF membranes will not decrease over time. Other strategies include combining coagulation with either inorganic or organic coagulants, with membrane treatment which can potentially enhance pollutants retention and reduce membrane fouling.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sadowska-Buraczewska B, Szafraniec M, Barnat-Hunek D, Łagód G. Flexural Behavior of Composite Concrete Slabs Made with Steel and Polypropylene Fibers Reinforced Concrete in the Compression Zone. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13163616. [PMID: 32824234 PMCID: PMC7475915 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper presented aimed at examining the effect of a fiber-reinforced concrete layer in the compressed zone on the mechanical properties of composite fiber-reinforced concrete slabs. Steel fibers (SF) and polypropylene fibers (PP) in the amount of 1% in relation to the weight of the concrete mix were used as reinforcement fibers. The mixture compositions were developed for the reference concrete, steel fiber concrete and polypropylene fiber concrete. The mechanical properties of the concrete obtained from the designed mixes such as compressive strength, bending strength, modulus of elasticity and frost resistance were tested. The main research elements, i.e., slabs with a reinforced compression zone in the form of a 30 mm layer of concrete with PP or SF were made and tested. The results obtained were compared with a plate made without a strengthening layer. The bending resistance, load capacity and deflection tests were performed on the slabs. A scheme of crack development during the test and a numerical model for the slab element were also devised. The study showed that the composite slabs with fiber-reinforced concrete with PP in the upper layer achieved 12% higher load capacity, with respect to the reference slabs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sadowska-Buraczewska
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Szafraniec
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-538-44-46
| | - Danuta Barnat-Hunek
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Łagód
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40 B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tiryakioğlu M. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Effects of Microstructure on Properties in Cast Al Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13092019. [PMID: 32344917 PMCID: PMC7254244 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The metallurgy of cast aluminum alloys has always been considered to be different from that of wrought alloys. Metallurgists have been taught that pores are intrinsic in cast aluminum alloys and that mechanical properties in cast aluminum alloys are controlled by dendrite arm spacing, the presence of Fe-bearing particles, and the size of Si particles in Al–Si alloys, which fracture and debond during deformation, leading to premature failure. Whether these effects are intrinsic or extrinsic, i.e., mere correlations due to the structural quality of castings, is discussed in detail. Ideal properties are discussed, based on findings presented mostly in physics literature. Pores and hot tears in aluminum castings are extrinsic. Moreover, the effect of dendrite arm spacing on elongation, precipitation, and subsequent fracture of β–Al5FeSi platelets, and finally Si particle fracture and debonding are all extrinsic. A fundamental change in how we approach the metallurgy of cast aluminum alloys is necessary.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ros U, Pedrera L, Garcia-Saez AJ. Partners in Crime: The Interplay of Proteins and Membranes in Regulated Necrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2412. [PMID: 32244433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis are well-characterized forms of regulated necrosis that have been associated with human diseases. During regulated necrosis, plasma membrane damage facilitates the movement of ions and molecules across the bilayer, which finally leads to cell lysis and release of intracellular content. Therefore, these types of cell death have an inflammatory phenotype. Each type of regulated necrosis is mediated by a defined machinery comprising protein and lipid molecules. Here, we discuss how the interaction and reshaping of these cellular components are essential and distinctive processes during pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. We point out that although the plasma membrane is the common target in regulated necrosis, different mechanisms of permeabilization have emerged depending on the cell death form. Pore formation by gasdermins (GSDMs) is a hallmark of pyroptosis, while mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein facilitates membrane permeabilization in necroptosis, and phospholipid peroxidation leads to membrane damage in ferroptosis. This diverse repertoire of mechanisms leading to membrane permeabilization contributes to define the specific inflammatory and immunological outcome of each type of regulated necrosis. Current efforts are focused on new therapies that target critical protein and lipid molecules on these pathways to fight human pathologies associated with inflammation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kundrat V, Matouskova P, Marova I. Facile Preparation of Porous Microfiber from Poly-3-(R)-Hydroxybutyrate and Its Application. Materials (Basel) 2019; 13:ma13010086. [PMID: 31877992 PMCID: PMC6981871 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we described the development of a simplified wet spinning method of the production of a novel type of porous continuous fiber based on poly-3-(R)-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). The principle of this method is precipitation of PHB dissolved in chloroform solution into the ethanol precipitation bath. The influence of various PHB concentrations and feed rates on specific surface area (measured by nitrogen absorption method) was studied. Materials were also characterized by SEM. Surface areas of fibers achieved by wet spinning were in the range of tens of m2.g-1, and the biggest surface area value was 55 m2.g-1. The average diameter of fibers was in the range of 20-120 μm and was dependent on both PHB concentration and feed rate. Optimum conditions for reaching stable fibers of high surface area were 3-5 % w.t. of PHB and feed rate 0.5-3 ml.h-1. Fibers were functionalized by adsorption of some natural plant extracts. The incorporation of active substances into fibers was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. High antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of PHB-fibers with cloves extract was found, as well as excellent long-term stability and optimal dynamics of the release of active compounds. The newly produced material would be applicable in pharmacy, cosmetics, and wound healing.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ghio S, Camilleri A, Caruana M, Ruf VC, Schmidt F, Leonov A, Ryazanov S, Griesinger C, Cauchi RJ, Kamp F, Giese A, Vassallo N. Cardiolipin Promotes Pore-Forming Activity of Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers in Mitochondrial Membranes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3815-3829. [PMID: 31356747 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the amyloid-forming α-synuclein (αS) protein is closely associated with the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common motor neurodegenerative disorder. Many studies have shown that soluble aggregation intermediates of αS, termed oligomers, permeabilize a variety of phospholipid membranes; thus, membrane disruption may represent a key pathogenic mechanism of αS toxicity. Given the centrality of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, we therefore probed the formation of ion-permeable pores by αS oligomers in planar lipid bilayers reflecting the complex phospholipid composition of mitochondrial membranes. Using single-channel electrophysiology, we recorded distinct multilevel conductances (100-400 pS) with stepwise current transitions, typical of protein-bound nanopores, in mitochondrial-like membranes. Crucially, we observed that the presence of cardiolipin (CL), the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes, enhanced αS-lipid interaction and the membrane pore-forming activity of αS oligomers. Further, preincubation of isolated mitochondria with a CL-specific dye protected against αS oligomer-induced mitochondrial swelling and release of cytochrome c. Hence, we favor a scenario in which αS oligomers directly porate a local lipid environment rich in CL, for instance outer mitochondrial contact sites or the inner mitochondrial membrane, to induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Pharmacological modulation of αS pore complex formation might thus preserve mitochondrial membrane integrity and alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ghio
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Angelique Camilleri
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Mario Caruana
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Viktoria C. Ruf
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Schmidt
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- MODAG GmbH, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruben J. Cauchi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Frits Kamp
- Biomedical Center, Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Giese
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Neville Vassallo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schütz R, Rawlings A, Wandeler E, Jackson E, Trevisan S, Monneuse J, Bendik I, Massironi M, Imfeld D. Bio-derived hydroxystearic acid ameliorates skin age spots and conspicuous pores. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:240-256. [PMID: 30955220 PMCID: PMC6852045 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report on the preparation and efficacy of 10-hydroxystearic acid (HSA) that improves facial age spots and conspicuous pores. METHODS The hydration of oleic acid into HSA was catalyzed by the oleate hydratase from Escherichia coli. Following treatment with HSA, collagen type I and type III was assessed in primary human dermal fibroblasts together with collagen type III, p53 protein levels and sunburn cells (SBC) after UVB irradiation (1 J cm-2 ) by immunohistochemistry on human ex vivo skin. UVB-induced expression of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) was determined from full thickness skin by RT-qPCR. Modification of the fibroblast secretome by HSA was studied by mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. In a full-face, double blind, vehicle-controlled trial HSA was assessed for its effects on conspicuous facial pore size and degree of pigmentation of age spots in Caucasian women over an 8-week period. RESULTS HSA was obtained in enantiomeric pure, high yield (≥80%). Collagen type I and type III levels were dose-dependently increased (96% and 244%; P < 0.01) in vitro and collagen type III in ex vivo skin by +57% (P < 0.01) by HSA. HSA also inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 gene expression (83%; P < 0.01) and mitigated SBC induction (-34% vs. vehicle control) and reduced significantly UV-induced p53 up-regulation (-46% vs. vehicle control; P < 0.01) in irradiated skin. HSA modified the fibroblast secretome with significant increases in proteins associated with the WNT pathway that could reduce melanogenesis and proteins that could modify dermal fibroblast activity and keratinocyte differentiation to account for the alleviation of conspicuous pores. Docking studies in silico and EC50 determination in reporter gene assays (EC50 5.5 × 10-6 M) identified HSA as a peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist. Clinically, HSA showed a statistically significant decrease of surface and volume of skin pores (P < 0.05) after 8 weeks of application and age spots became significantly less pigmented than the surrounding skin (contrast, P < 0.05) after 4 weeks. CONCLUSION HSA acts as a PPARα agonist to reduce the signs of age spots and conspicuous pores by significantly modulating the expression of p53, SBC, MMP-1 and collagen together with major changes in secreted proteins that modify keratinocyte, melanocyte and fibroblast cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Schütz
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | | | - E. Wandeler
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | - E. Jackson
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | | | | | - I. Bendik
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | | | - D. Imfeld
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li X, Li Y, Sun G, Luo N, Zhang B, Zhang Z. Synthesis of a Flower-Like g-C 3N 4/ZnO Hierarchical Structure with Improved CH 4 Sensing Properties. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9050724. [PMID: 31083416 PMCID: PMC6567125 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a hierarchical structure of graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) modified ZnO (g-C3N4/ZnO) was synthesized using a simple precipitation-calcination method. Through this method, g-C3N4 nanosheets with a controlled content were successfully decorated on the petals of flower-like ZnO. Various techniques were used to confirm the successful formation of the g-C3N4/ZnO hierarchical structure. The methane (CH4) sensing properties of g-C3N4/ZnO sensor were investigated. The result exhibited that after decorating ZnO with g-C3N4, the CH4 sensing performances of the fabricated sensor were remarkably improved. At the optimum operating temperature of 320 °C, the response of the sensor fabricated with CNZ-3 (the sample with an optimum content of g-C3N4) towards 1000 ppm CH4 was as high as 11.9 (Ra/Rg), which was about 2.2 times higher than that of the pure ZnO sensor (5.3). In addition, the CNZ-3 sensor also exhibited a fast response/recovery speed (15/28 s) and outstanding long-term stability. The enhancing CH4 sensing mechanism may be contributed to enlarged surface area, pore structure, and g-C3N4-ZnO n-n junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cultivating Base for Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Inorganic Materials in University of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
| | - Yanwei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cultivating Base for Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Inorganic Materials in University of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
| | - Guang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cultivating Base for Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Inorganic Materials in University of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Bases Gas Geology and Gas Control, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
| | - Na Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cultivating Base for Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Inorganic Materials in University of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cultivating Base for Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Inorganic Materials in University of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cultivating Base for Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Inorganic Materials in University of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Bases Gas Geology and Gas Control, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ewins E, Lira RB, Zhang W, Yuan J, Antonietti M, Robinson T, Dimova R. Poly(Ionic Liquid) Nanoparticles Selectively Disrupt Biomembranes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1801602. [PMID: 30828532 PMCID: PMC6382306 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanoparticles have an increasing presence in research due to their attractive properties, such as flexible surface functionality design and the ability to scale up production. Poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) nanoparticles of size below 50 nm are very unique in terms of their high charge density and internal onion-like morphology. The interaction between PIL nanoparticles and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of various surface charge densities is investigated. GUVs represent a convenient model system as they mimic the size and curvature of plasma membranes, while simultaneously offering direct visualization of the membrane response under the microscope. Incubating PIL nanoparticles with GUVs results in poration of the lipid membrane in a concentration- and charge-dependent manner. A critical poration concentration of PILs is located and the interactions are found to be analogous to those of antimicrobial peptides. Microbial mimetic membranes are already affected at submicromolar PIL concentrations where contrast loss is observed due to sugar exchange across the membrane, while at high concentrations the collapse of vesicles is observed. Finally, a confocal microscopy-based approach assessing the particle permeation through the membrane is reported and a mechanism based on bilayer frustration and pore stabilization via particle integration in the membrane is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Ewins
- Department of Theory & Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Rafael B. Lira
- Department of Theory & Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Tom Robinson
- Department of Theory & Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory & Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li Q, Li X, Ning L, Tan CH, Mu Y, Wang R. Hyperfast Water Transport through Biomimetic Nanochannels from Peptide-Attached (pR)-pillar[5]arene. Small 2019; 15:e1804678. [PMID: 30637936 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic water channels offer great promise to replace natural aquaporins (AQPs) for making new-generation biomimetic membranes for water treatment. However, the water permeability of the current synthetic water channels is still far below that of AQPs. Here, peptide-attached (pR)-pillar[5]arene (pR-PH) channels are reported to mimic the high permeability of AQPs. It is demonstrated that the pR-PH channels with an open pore can transport water smoothly and efficiently. The pR-PH channels are competitive with AQPs in terms of water permeability and are much superior to diastereomer peptide-attached (pS)-pillar[5]arene (pS-PH) and other reported synthetic water channels. The exceptional water-transport properties of the pR-PH channels are further demonstrated in a composite polymeric membrane that incorporates the nanochannels into the top selective layer. This membrane gives a significantly improved water flux while retaining high salt rejection. The results establish a tangible foundation for developing highly efficient artificial water channel-based biomimetic membrane for water purification applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Xuesong Li
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Lulu Ning
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Rong Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|