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Tian H, Li X, Gou GY, Jian JM, Zhu B, Ji S, Ding H, Guo Z, Yang Y, Ren TL. Graphene-based Two-Stage Enhancement Pressure Sensor for Subtle Mechanical Force Monitoring. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:1005-1014. [PMID: 38134343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of pressure sensors with high sensitivity and a low detection limit for subtle mechanical force monitoring and the understanding of the sensing mechanism behind subtle mechanical force monitoring are of great significance for intelligent technology. Here, we proposed a graphene-based two-stage enhancement pressure sensor (GTEPS), and we analyzed the difference between subtle mechanical force monitoring and conventional mechanical force monitoring. The GTEPS exhibited a high sensitivity of 62.2 kPa-1 and a low detection limit of 0.1 Pa. Leveraging its excellent performance, the GTEPS was successfully applied in various subtle mechanical force monitoring applications, including acoustic wave detection, voice-print recognition, and pulse wave monitoring. In acoustic wave detection, the GTEPS achieved a 100% recognition accuracy for six words. In voiceprint recognition, the sensor exhibited accurate identification of distinct voiceprints among individuals. Furthermore, in pulse wave monitoring, GTEPS demonstrated effective detection of pulse waves. By combination of the pulse wave signals with electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, it enabled the assessment of blood pressure. These results demonstrate the excellent performance of GTEPS and highlight its great potential for subtle mechanical force monitoring and its various applications. The current results indicate that GTEPS shows great potential for applications in subtle mechanical force monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoshi Li
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guang-Yang Gou
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jin-Ming Jian
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boyi Zhu
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shourui Ji
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hengbin Ding
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhanfeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Wang X, Feng Z, Zhang G, Wang L, Chen L, Yang J, Wang Z. Flexible Sensors Array Based on Frosted Microstructured Ecoflex Film and TPU Nanofibers for Epidermal Pulse Wave Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3717. [PMID: 37050777 PMCID: PMC10099249 DOI: 10.3390/s23073717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in flexible pressure sensors have fueled increasing attention as promising technologies with which to realize human epidermal pulse wave monitoring for the early diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, strict requirements of a single sensor on the arterial position make it difficult to meet the practical application scenarios. Herein, based on three single-electrode sensors with small area, a 3 × 1 flexible pressure sensor array was developed to enable measurement of epidermal pulse waves at different local positions of radial artery. The designed single sensor holds an area of 6 × 6 mm2, which mainly consists of frosted microstructured Ecoflex film and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers. The Ecoflex film was formed by spinning Ecoflex solution onto a sandpaper surface. Micropatterned TPU nanofibers were prepared on a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film surface using the electrospinning method. The combination of frosted microstructure and nanofibers provides an increase in the contact separation of the tribopair, which is of great benefit for improving sensor performance. Due to this structure design, the single small-area sensor was characterized by pressure sensitivity of 0.14 V/kPa, a response time of 22 ms, a wide frequency band ranging from 1 to 23 Hz, and stability up to 7000 cycles. Given this output performance, the fabricated sensor can detect subtle physiological signals (e.g., respiration, ballistocardiogram, and heartbeat) and body movement. More importantly, the sensor can be utilized in capturing human epidermal pulse waves with rich details, and the consistency of each cycle in the same measurement is as high as 0.9987. The 3 × 1 flexible sensor array is employed to acquire pulse waves at different local positions of the radial artery. In addition, the time domain parameters including pulse wave transmission time (PTT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) can be obtained successfully, which holds promising potential in pulse-based cardiovascular system status monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhiping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Gaoqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Luna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Wang Y, Chen P, Zhou X, Liu Y, Wang N, Gao C. Highly Sensitive Zwitterionic Hydrogel Sensor for Motion and Pulse Detection with Water Retention, Adhesive, Antifreezing, and Self-Healing Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:47100-47112. [PMID: 36194533 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of conductive hydrogels with antifreezing, long-term stable, highly sensitive, self-healing, and reusable is a critical procedure to enable applications in flexible electronics, medical monitoring, soft robotics, etc. Herein, a novel zwitterionic composite hydrogel possessing antifreezing, fast self-healing performance, water retention, and adhesion was synthesized via a simple one-pot method. LiCl, as an electrolyte and antifreeze, was promoted to dissociate under the electrostatic interaction with zwitterions, resulting in the composite hydrogels with high electrical conductivity (7.95 S/m) and excellent antifreeze ability (-45.3 °C). Meanwhile, the composite hydrogels could maintain 97% of the initial water content after exposed to air (25 °C, 55% RH) for 1 week due to the presence of salt ions. Moreover, the active groups of zwitterions could form conformal adhesion between the composite hydrogels and skin, which was particularly crucial for the stable signal output of the sensor. The dynamic borate ester bonds, active group of zwitterions, and the hydrogen bond between different components could achieve rapid self-healing (2 h, self-healing efficiency to 97%) without any external intervention. Notably, the developed PBAS-Li (poly(vinyl alcohol) Borax/acrylamide/zwitterionic-LiCl) hydrogel not only succeeded in sensitively detecting human motions but also could precisely captured handwritings signals and subtle pulse waves on the neck and wrist. The above findings demonstrated the great potential of PBAS-Li hydrogels in the field of flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao266042, China
| | - Picheng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao266042, China
| | - Xinjie Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao266042, China
| | - Yuetao Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao266042, China
| | - Ning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology. Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao266071, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhui Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao266042, China
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Fang Y, Zou Y, Xu J, Chen G, Zhou Y, Deng W, Zhao X, Roustaei M, Hsiai TK, Chen J. Ambulatory Cardiovascular Monitoring Via a Machine-Learning-Assisted Textile Triboelectric Sensor. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2104178. [PMID: 34467585 PMCID: PMC9205313 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wearable bioelectronics for continuous and reliable pulse wave monitoring against body motion and perspiration remains a great challenge and highly desired. Here, a low-cost, lightweight, and mechanically durable textile triboelectric sensor that can convert subtle skin deformation caused by arterial pulsatility into electricity for high-fidelity and continuous pulse waveform monitoring in an ambulatory and sweaty setting is developed. The sensor holds a signal-to-noise ratio of 23.3 dB, a response time of 40 ms, and a sensitivity of 0.21 µA kPa-1 . With the assistance of machine learning algorithms, the textile triboelectric sensor can continuously and precisely measure systolic and diastolic pressure, and the accuracy is validated via a commercial blood pressure cuff at the hospital. Additionally, a customized cellphone application (APP) based on built-in algorithm is developed for one-click health data sharing and data-driven cardiovascular diagnosis. The textile triboelectric sensor enabled wireless biomonitoring system is expected to offer a practical paradigm for continuous and personalized cardiovascular system characterization in the era of the Internet of Things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yongjiu Zou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Weili Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xun Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Chen G, Au C, Chen J. Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Wearable Pulse Wave Monitoring. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:1078-1092. [PMID: 33551177 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arterial pulse waves are regarded as vital diagnostic tools in the assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because of their high sensitivity, rapid response time, wearability, and low cost, textile triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are emerging as a compelling biotechnology for wearable pulse wave monitoring. We discuss sensing mechanisms for pulse-to-electricity conversion, analytical models for calculating cardiovascular parameters, and application scenarios for textile TENGs. We provide a prospective on the challenges that limit the wider application of this technology and suggest some future research directions. In the future, textile TENGs are expected to make an impact in the fields of wearable pulse wave monitoring and CVD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian Au
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Meng K, Wu Y, He Q, Zhou Z, Wang X, Zhang G, Fan W, Liu J, Yang J. Ultrasensitive Fingertip-Contacted Pressure Sensors To Enable Continuous Measurement of Epidermal Pulse Waves on Ubiquitous Object Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:46399-46407. [PMID: 31814402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fingertip-pulse waveform carries abundant information regarding human physiological condition that is fundamental for directly extracting physiological parameters. Making the surfaces of ordinary objects that are often in contact with fingertips, such as tables and computers, capable of perceiving dynamic epidermal pulse signals has great significance for accurately assessing health conditions without restrictions on time and place. Here, we demonstrate the materials and design of a nanohemispherical pressure sensor that can be attached to ubiquitous objects' surfaces to monitor fingertip pulse. The portable sensor achieved an ultrasensitivity of 49.8 mV/Pa, a prominent response time of less than 6 ms, and long-term durability of more than 4 months. As demonstrated, the sensor is utilized to measure subtle fingertip-pulse waves and extract characteristic points of the waveform on the surface of keyboards, mobile phones, and human skin. Given the superior performance of the sensor, a real-time, wireless arteriosclerosis monitoring system is developed. By analyzing the characteristic parameters of the pulse waveforms measured from 54 volunteer participants, the antidiastole of arteriosclerosis could be instructively diagnosed. The sensor proposed in this work is expected to be a competitive alternative to current complicated medical equipment and to be extensively applied in wireless cardiovascular monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
- College of Electronic Information Engineering , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Yufen Wu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering , Chongqing Normal University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Gaoqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
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Fu Y, Zhao S, Wang L, Zhu R. A Wearable Sensor Using Structured Silver-Particle Reinforced PDMS for Radial Arterial Pulse Wave Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900633. [PMID: 31293071 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human pulse signals contain important and useful physiological information for the auxiliary diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Here, a wearable pulse sensor based on piezo-thermic transduction is reported using a structured silver-particle reinforced polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, for monitoring radial arterial pulse waves. The structured silver-particle reinforced PDMS membrane is optimally designed to meet the specific requirements on sensitivity, linearity, and effective preload measuring range for pulse detection by adjusting the air gap volume fraction and silver particle volume fraction of the structured material. The sensor is endowed with high sensitivity, good linearity in preload measuring range, allowing to detect the subtle pulse waveforms of subjects at different ages under different contact pressures, such as superficial (Fu), medium (Zhong) and deep (Chen). The developed pulse device provides a promising approach for homecare pulse monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsDepartment of Precision InstrumentTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsDepartment of Precision InstrumentTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Liangqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsDepartment of Precision InstrumentTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsDepartment of Precision InstrumentTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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