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Aung HT, Saw KT, Latt MM, Vidari G, Komori Y, Takaya Y. Lignans and coumarins from the stem bark of Alyxia fascicularis (Wall. ex G. Don) Benth. ex Hook. f.). Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1616-1623. [PMID: 36441218 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2151010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the first phytochemical investigation of specialized metabolites from the stem bark of Alyxia fascicularis, which is used in different traditional medicines, including those of Myanmar and China, five lignans (1-5) and three coumarins (6-8) were isolated by semipreparative HPLC separations and identified mainly by 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis. The radical scavenging activity of isolated compounds was tested using the DPPH method. Noteworthy, most lignans exhibited antiradical effects comparable to vitamin C and gallic acid. Instead, compounds 1-8 showed no cytotoxic effect on Hela cell line. A possible biosynthetic pathway to enantiomeric 3 and 4 is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hnin Thanda Aung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Khin Thidar Saw
- Department of Chemistry, Myitkyina University, Myitkyina, Myanmar
| | - Mi Mi Latt
- Department of Chemistry, Monywa University, Monywa, Myanmar
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Yumiko Komori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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Raudone L, Vilkickyte G, Marksa M, Radusiene J. Comparative Phytoprofiling of Achillea millefolium Morphotypes: Assessing Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic and Triterpenic Compounds Variation across Different Plant Parts. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1043. [PMID: 38611571 PMCID: PMC11013869 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Achillea millefolium L., commonly known as yarrow, is a versatile and widely distributed plant species with a rich history of ethnopharmacological significance. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative differences of A. millefolium inflorescence morphotypes. The phytochemical profile of white and pink inflorescence morphotypes was characterised by a complex of thirty-four phenolic and triterpene compounds. The species has distinct morphotypes of white and pink inflorescence. Phenolic and triterpenic profiles were determined, and individual compounds were quantified in inflorescence, leaf, and stem samples of two morphotypes tested. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was evaluated by free radical scavenging (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Caffeoylquinic acids predominated in all parts of the plant tested. Chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were the principal compounds in the phenolic profile. Betulin, betulinic acid, and α-amyrin were the prevailing triterpenic components in the triterpenic profiles of Achillea millefolium morphotypes. The predominant flavonoids in inflorescences were flavones, while in leaves, flavonols were the organ-specific compounds. The quantitative differences were observed between plant parts of morphotypes. Leaves consistently displayed the highest amounts of identified compounds and have been testified as the main source of antioxidant activity. Overall, white inflorescences accumulated a higher total amount of compounds compared to pink ones. The observed differences between morphotypes derived from the same population reflect the differences in specialised metabolites and their chemotypes. This study addresses gaps in knowledge, particularly in phenolic and triterpenic profiling of coloured inflorescence morphotypes, enhancing our understanding of chemotypes and morphotypes within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Raudone
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Avenue 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Avenue 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Gabriele Vilkickyte
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Avenue 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Avenue 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Mindaugas Marksa
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Avenue 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Jolita Radusiene
- Laboratory of Economic Botany, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Street 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Kido M, Yoshimoto M, Sakao K, Wada K, Hou DX. Effects of Cooking Methods on Caffeoylquinic Acids and Radical Scavenging Activity of Sweet Potato. Foods 2024; 13:1101. [PMID: 38611405 PMCID: PMC11011517 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of cooking methods, including steaming, deep-frying, and baking, on the phenolic content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and isomerization of caffeoylquinic acids in sweet potato were investigated. A high correlation was observed between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. Deep-frying treatment resulted in higher antioxidant capacity with increasing heating time. The major phenolic components of raw sweet potat were 5-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (diCQA), which were reduced by heat treatment due to the isomerization of 5-CAQ to 3- and 4-CQA, and 3,5-diCQA to 3,4- and 4,5-diCQA. Moreover, 5-CQA was more stable than 3,5-diCQA even at 100 °C. Our results demonstrated that by controlling the cooking temperature and time, new bioactive compounds such as mono- and diCQA derivatives can be produced from sweet potato. These data indicate a potential approach for the development of new functional foods from sweet potato by controlling cooking temperature and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kido
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.K.); (K.S.); (K.W.)
- Department of Human Life and Science, Kagoshima Women’s College, 6-9 Kohraicho, Kagoshima 890-8565, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimoto
- My Food Development Institute, 109-3 Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-0041, Japan;
| | - Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.K.); (K.S.); (K.W.)
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Koji Wada
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.K.); (K.S.); (K.W.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara 1, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.K.); (K.S.); (K.W.)
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Jingyun W, Zehao M, Hongyan Y, Xingyu L, Doudou C, Shiling L. Novel antioxidant peptides from sheep plasma protein hydrolysates: Purification, identification and cytoprotective effects against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1944-1959. [PMID: 38411027 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This study sought to purify and identify antioxidant peptides from sheep (Ovis aries) plasma protein hydrolysates and assess their protective impacts on H2O2-induced Caco-2 cells. The purification process involved reversed high-performance liquid chromatography, anion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-25. Three peptides, namely Trp-Glu-Glu-Pro-Ala-Met (WEEPAM), Ser-Leu-His-Phe-Met-Glu (SLHFME), and His-Cys-Thr-Thr-Phe-Met-Ile, with molecular weights of 761.84, 762.87, and 852.03 Da, respectively, were identified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Among the three antioxidant peptides, superoxide radical (O2 -) radical scavenging capacity of WEEPAM and SLHFME was not significantly different from glutathione (GSH) (p > 0.05), while their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity was greater than GSH (p < 0.05). WEEPAM revealed increased antioxidant activity after pepsin and trypsin hydrolysis under an in vitro digestion model. In addition, WEEPAM inhibited oxidative damage in Caco-2 cells by significantly reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation, early apoptosis, malondialdehyde formation, and increasing intracellular superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jingyun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Shihezi, China
- Xinjiang Cerim Modern Agriculture Co., Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Shuanghe, China
| | - Ma Zehao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Shihezi, China
| | - Yu Hongyan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Shihezi, China
| | - Liu Xingyu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Shihezi, China
| | - Cao Doudou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Shihezi, China
| | - Lu Shiling
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Shihezi, China
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Panagiotakopoulos I, Karantonis HC, Kartelias IG, Nasopoulou C. Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Astaxanthin from Shrimp By-Products Using Vegetable Oils. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:467. [PMID: 37755080 PMCID: PMC10532599 DOI: 10.3390/md21090467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of conventional astaxanthin extraction methods, typically involving organic solvents, leads to a heightened environmental impact. The aim of this study was to explore the potential use of environmentally friendly extraction solvents, such as vegetable oils, for recovering the shrimp by-product astaxanthin. METHODS Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in vegetable oils, including olive oil (OO), sunflower oil (SO), and flaxseed oil (FO), was employed to extract astaxanthin. The astaxanthin antioxidant activity was evaluated using an ABTS assay, and a mixture of gum Arabic and soy lecithin was used to form coacervates to produce astaxanthin encapsulation. RESULTS A by-product-vegetable oil ratio of 1:60, extraction time of 210 min, 60% amplitude of the extraction process, and the use of OO as the extracting medium resulted in an astaxanthin yield of 235 ± 4.07 μg astaxanthin/g by-products. The astaxanthin encapsulation efficiency on day 0 and astaxanthin recovery on day 1 were recorded at 66.6 ± 2.7% and 94.4 ± 4.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The utilization of OO as an extraction solvent for astaxanthin from shrimp by-products in UAE represents a novel and promising approach to reducing the environmental impact of shrimp by-products. The effective astaxanthin encapsulation efficiency highlights its potential application in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Constantina Nasopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology and Quality of Food of Animal Origin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, Metropolitan Ioakeim 2, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (I.P.); (H.C.K.); (I.G.K.)
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Lee S, Choi SP, Jeong H, Yu WK, Kim SW, Park YS. The Radical Scavenging Activities and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Soymilk Fractions Fermented with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MK1 and Their Derived Peptides. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1392. [PMID: 37507931 PMCID: PMC10376689 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean-derived peptides exert several beneficial effects in various experimental models. However, only a few studies have focused on the radical scavenging and anti-wrinkle effects of soymilk-derived peptides produced via different processes, such as fermentation, enzymatic treatment, and ultrafiltration. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the radical scavenging and antiwrinkle effects of soymilk fractions produced using these processes. We found that 50SFMKUF5, a 5 kDa ultrafiltration fraction fermented with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MK1 after flavourzyme treatment, exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay as well as potent anti-wrinkle effects assessed by type 1 procollagen production and tumor necrosis factor-α production in ultraviolet B (UVB)-treated human dermal fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes. To identify potential bioactive peptides, candidate peptides were synthesized, and their anti-wrinkle effects were assessed. APEFLKEAFGVN (APE), palmitoyl-APE, and QIVTVEGGLSVISPK peptides were synthesized and used to treat UVB-irradiated fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced B16F1 melanoma cells. Among these peptides, Pal-APE exerted the strongest effect. Our results highlight the potential of soymilk peptides as anti-aging substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulhee Lee
- Kimchi Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Pil Choi
- Kimchi Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijin Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyu Yu
- Yonsei University Dairy, Asan 31419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Kim
- Yonsei University Dairy, Asan 31419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seo Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Sato Y, Matsumoto S, Ogata K, Bacal K, Nakatake M, Kitano T, Tokumaru O. The dose-response relationships of the direct scavenging activity of amide-based local anesthetics against multiple free radicals. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:16-23. [PMID: 37534092 PMCID: PMC10390804 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to illustrate the dose-response relationships of the direct scavenging activity of amide-based local anesthetics against multiple free radicals in vitro. We have demonstrated that amide-type local anesthetics selectively and directly scavenge some free radicals. Three kinds of free radicals were eliminated by all the four local anesthetics examined. Mepivacaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and dibucaine scavenged hydroxyl radicals in dose-dependent manners. Ascorbyl free radicals were also scavenged in dose-dependent manners, and lastly singlet oxygen was scavenged in dose-dependent manners. Three other free radicals were not scavenged by all of the four local anesthetics; tert-butoxyl radical was scavenged by all the anesthetics examined but dibucaine, nitric oxide by mepivacaine but not by the other three, and tyrosyl radical by mepivacaine and lidocaine but not by the other two. Some free radicals (superoxide anion, tert-butyl peroxyl radical, DPPH) were not scavenged by any of the four local anesthetics. The local anesthetics were also shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation by TBARS assay. These results suggest that local anesthetics have antioxidant properties through their free radical scavenging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sato
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, School of Nursing, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Shigekiyo Matsumoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kazue Ogata
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Kira Bacal
- Medical Programme Directorate, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Bldg 507, 28 Park Ave, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Misato Nakatake
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kitano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Osamu Tokumaru
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
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Ghica A, Drumea V, Moroșan A, Mihaiescu DE, Costea L, Luță EA, Mihai DP, Balaci DT, Fița AC, Olaru OT, Boscencu R, Gîrd CE. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potential of Selected Extracts from Betula alba var. pendula Roth., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and Avena sativa L. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2510. [PMID: 37447070 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to obtain, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant potential of some extracts obtained from the bark of Betula alba var. pendula Roth., the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and the green herb of the Avena sativa. The results revealed that the lowest IC50 value, determined by all three methods, was obtained for Betulae extractum (BE) (73.6 µg/mL-DPPH method, 11.2 µg/mL-ABTS method, and 58.7 µg/mL-FRAP method), followed by Liquiritiae extractum (LE) (805.6 µg/mL, 92.1 µg/mL, and 722 µg/mL) and Avenae extractum (1.13 mg/mL-DPPH method, 99.7 µg/mL-ABTS method, and 135.1 µg/mL-FRAP method). These results correlate with total polyphenols content (expressed in g tannic acid/100 g dry extract), with BE having more polyphenols than LE and AE (47.96 ± 9.7083 for BE, compared with 9.31 ± 0.9913 for LE and 40.55 ± 6.3715 for AE). The total flavonoid content (expressed as g rutoside/100 g dry extract) is similar for BE and LE (3.75 ± 0.3140 and 3.44 ± 0.3037) and smaller for AE (1.95 ± 0.0526). Therefore, Betulae extractum has the strongest antioxidant action, with an IC50 value very close to the standard used as a reference (ascorbic acid-16.5 μg/mL solution). The FT-ICR-MS analysis confirmed the presence of the major compounds in all three extracts. The antioxidant properties of the studied extracts were further supported by molecular docking experiments that revealed the potential of the analyzed phytochemicals to act as both noncovalent and covalent activators of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with promising benefits in treating various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Ghica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Biotehnos SA, Gorunului Street No. 3-5, 075100 Otopeni, Romania
| | - Veronica Drumea
- Biotehnos SA, Gorunului Street No. 3-5, 075100 Otopeni, Romania
| | - Alina Moroșan
- Department of Organic Chemistry "Costin Nenițescu", Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Eduard Mihaiescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry "Costin Nenițescu", Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Costea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuela Alice Luță
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Paul Mihai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dalila Teodora Balaci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ancuța Cătălina Fița
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cerasela Elena Gîrd
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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Nordin NL, Sulaiman R, Bakar J, Noranizan MA. Comparison of Phenolic and Volatile Compounds in MD2 Pineapple Peel and Core. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112233. [PMID: 37297477 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The peel and core discarded from the processing of MD2 pineapple have the potential to be valorized. This study evaluated the functional and volatile compounds in the extracts of MD pineapple peel and core (MD2-PPC). The total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, sweetness index, and astringency index were 9.34 °Brix, 4.00, 0.74%, 12.84, and 0.08, respectively, for the peel and 12.00 °Brix, 3.96, 0.32%, 37.66, and 0.03, respectively, for the core. The fat and protein contents of the peel and core were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05). The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) were significantly higher in the peel. The peel also showed better antioxidant activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.63 mg/mL for DPPH free radical activity compared with the core. The TPC of different phenolic fractions from peel extract was highest in the glycosylated fraction, followed by the esterified, insoluble-bound, and free phenolic fractions. GC-MS analysis identified 38 compounds in the peel and 23 in the core. The primary volatile compounds were 2-furan carboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl), and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP). The identification of phenolics and volatile compounds provides important insights into the valorization of (MD2-PPC) waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Liyana Nordin
- Laboratory of Halal Product Science, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rabiha Sulaiman
- Laboratory of Halal Product Science, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Bakar
- Laboratory of Halal Product Science, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Adzahan Noranizan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Tlili I, Ilahy R, Romdhane L, R'him T, Ben Mohamed H, Zgallai H, Rached Z, Azam M, Henane I, Saïdi MN, Pék Z, Daood HG, Helyes L, Hdider C, Lenucci MS. Functional Quality and Radical Scavenging Activity of Selected Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansfeld) Genotypes as Affected by Early and Full Cropping Seasons. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091805. [PMID: 37176862 PMCID: PMC10181218 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing conditions and seasonal fluctuations are critical factors affecting fruit and vegetable nutritional quality. The effects of two partially overlapping cropping seasons, early (ECS; January-May) and full (FCS; March-July), on the main carpometric traits and bioactive components of different watermelon fruits were investigated in the open field. Four watermelon genotypes, comprising of three commercial cultivars 'Crimson Sweet', 'Dumara', 'Giza', and the novel hybrid 'P503 F1', were compared. The carpometric traits varied significantly between genotypes. Soluble solids and yield were higher under FCS than ECS. The variation affecting colour indexes between the two growing seasons exhibited a genotype-dependent trend. The antioxidant components and radical scavenging activity of watermelon fruits were also significantly affected by differences in received solar energy and temperature fluctuations during the trial period. The average citrulline, total phenolics and flavonoid contents were 93%, 71% and 40% higher in FCS than in ECS. A genotype-dependent variation trend was also observed for lycopene and total vitamin C between cropping seasons. The hydrophilic and lipophilic radical scavenging activities of the pulp of ripe watermelon fruits of the different genotypes investigated varied between 243.16 and 425.31 µmol Trolox Equivalent (TE) of 100 g-1 of fresh weight (fw) and from 232.71 to 341.67 µmol TE of 100 g-1 fw in FCS and ECS, respectively. Our results, although preliminary, show that the functional quality of watermelon fruits is drastically altered depending on the environmental conditions that characterize the ECS and LCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Tlili
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Menzah 1, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ilahy
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Menzah 1, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Leila Romdhane
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Menzah 1, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya R'him
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Menzah 1, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Ben Mohamed
- Arid and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Arid Regions Institute of Medenine, Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Zgallai
- Laboratory of Science and Agronomic Techniques, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Menzah 1, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Zouhair Rached
- Laboratory of Rural Economy, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Menzah 1, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Muhammad Azam
- Pomology Laboratory, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Imen Henane
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Menzah 1, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Najib Saïdi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Zoltàn Pék
- Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Horticultural Institute, Szent István University, 2100 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hussein G Daood
- Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Horticultural Institute, Szent István University, 2100 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Helyes
- Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Horticultural Institute, Szent István University, 2100 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chafik Hdider
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Menzah 1, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Prov. le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Silingardi F, Pagani S, Gambardella A, Giavaresi G, Bigi A, Boanini E. Anti-Oxidant Multi-Functionalized Materials: Strontium-Substituted Monetite and Brushite as Delivery Systems for Curcumin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051344. [PMID: 37242586 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has numerous biological activities and pharmaceutical applications related to its ability to inhibit reactive oxygen species. Herein, strontium-substituted monetite (SrDCPA) and strontium-substituted brushite (SrDCPD) were synthesized and further functionalized with curcumin with the aim to develop materials that combine the anti-oxidant properties of the polyphenol, the beneficial role of strontium toward bone tissue, and the bioactivity of calcium phosphates. Adsorption from hydroalcoholic solution increases with time and curcumin concentration, up to about 5-6 wt%, without affecting the crystal structure, morphology, and mechanical response of the substrates. The multi-functionalized substrates exhibit a relevant radical scavenging activity and a sustained release in phosphate buffer. Cell viability, morphology, and expression of the most representative genes were tested for osteoclast seeded in direct contact with the materials and for osteoblast/osteoclast co-cultures. The materials at relatively low curcumin content (2-3 wt%) maintain inhibitory effects on osteoclasts and support the colonization and viability of osteoblasts. The expressions of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALPL), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), and osteocalcin (BGLAP) suggest that curcumin reduces the osteoblast differentiation state but yields encouraging osteoprotegerin/receptor activator for the NFkB factor ligand (OPG/RANKL) ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Silingardi
- Department of Chemistry ''Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagani
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gambardella
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Adriana Bigi
- Department of Chemistry ''Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Boanini
- Department of Chemistry ''Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Parusnath M, Naidoo Y, Singh M, Kianersi F, Dewir YH. Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Leaf and Stem Extracts of Combretum molle (R. Br. ex G. Don.) Engl. & Diels. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091757. [PMID: 37176814 PMCID: PMC10180969 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants offer reasonable and accessible alternatives to synthetic drugs and are often devoid of the adverse side effects, toxicity, and pathogenic resistance associated with synthetic medicine. Combretum molle has been utilized in African traditional medicinal practices and purportedly contains bioactive compounds with medicinally beneficial effects. This study investigated the hexane, chloroform, and methanol leaf and stem extracts for their antioxidant properties using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The study additionally analyzed the methanol extracts for their antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) bacteria using agar well diffusion. Relative to the scavenging activity of the ascorbic acid control (79.15 ± 0.63% at 15 µg/mL to 94.61 ± 0.12% at 240 µg/mL), the plant's radical scavenging activities were exceptionally high in the methanolic leaf and stem extracts (p < 0.05), ranging from 94.58 ± 1.10% at 15 µg/mL to 99.22 ± 0.30% at 240 µg/mL and 91.57 ± 1.71% at 15 µg/mL to 99.60 ± 0.20% at 240 µg/mL, respectively, suggesting a strong capacity to donate hydrogen ions. High scavenging activities were additionally observed in the chloroform stem (78.68 ± 1.18% at 15 µg/mL to 98.14 ± 1.22% at 240 µg/mL) and hexane leaf (72.12 ± 4.38% at 15 µg/mL to 89.87 ± 1.50% at 240 µg/mL) extracts (p < 0.05). All extracts exhibited poor ferric-reducing abilities in relation to the gallic acid control (100 ± 0.00%) at all concentrations (p < 0.05). The leaf and stem extracts exhibited broad-spectrum antibiotic capabilities against both tested strains, with significant activity at higher concentrations (p < 0.05). Overall, both the leaf and stem extracts of C. molle exhibited similar antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These findings warrant further pharmacological research on C. molle for potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myuri Parusnath
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Yougasphree Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Farzad Kianersi
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Motiejauskaitė D, Ullah S, Kundrotaitė A, Žvirdauskienė R, Bakšinskaitė A, Barčauskaitė K. Isolation of Biologically Active Compounds from Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences by Using Different Extraction Solvents and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050998. [PMID: 37237864 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemp inflorescences are a source of vital compounds, including phytocannabinoids and other biologically active compounds. Various methods are adapted for the extraction of these vital compounds such as the use of different organic solvents. This study aimed to assess the comparative extraction potential of three different solvents: deionized water, 70% methanol (MeOH), and 2% Triton X-100, for phytochemicals in hemp inflorescences. Spectrophotometric techniques were applied to investigate the total amount of polyphenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids contents (TF), phenolic acids (TPA), and radical scavenging activity (RSA) in hemp extracts obtained using different polarity solvents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for cannabinoids and organic acids quantitative analysis. In the results, MeOH showed a better affinity for the recovery of TFC, TPA, and RSA in comparison to Triton X-100 and water. However, Triton X-100 performed better for TPC with 4-folds and 33% turnover compared to water and MeOH, respectively. Six cannabinoids (CBDVA, CBL, CBD, CBC, CBN, and CBG) were identified in hemp inflorescence extracts. The maximum determined concentration was as follows: CBD > CBC > CBG > CBDVA > CBL > CBN. Overall, fourteen organic acids were identified. Hemp inflorescence extracts obtained using 2% Triton X-100 showed an effect on all tested strains of microorganisms. Methanolic and aqueous extracts had antimicrobial activity against seven tested strains. On the other hand, the inhibition zones were wider for methanolic extracts compared to aqueous ones. Hemp aqua extract with antimicrobial activity might be used in various markets where toxic solvents are unwanted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovilė Motiejauskaitė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
| | - Sana Ullah
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
| | - Algimanta Kundrotaitė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
| | - Renata Žvirdauskienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Bakšinskaitė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
| | - Karolina Barčauskaitė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
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Nyero A, Anywar GU, Achaye I, Malinga GM. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of some wild edible plants locally consumed by rural communities in northern Uganda. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1070031. [PMID: 37081916 PMCID: PMC10111026 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1070031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acalypha rhomboidea, Asystacia gangetica, Crassocephalum sacrobasis, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Heterosis rotundifolia, Hibiscus cannabinus, Hibiscus sp., Hibiscus surratensis, Ipomoea eriocarpa, Maerua angolensis, Senna obtusifolia and Vigna membranacea are among the common wild edible plants in the Acholi sub-region, northern Uganda. This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of the plants. Methods Fresh leaves collected from each plant species were air-dried under shade. The phytochemical contents of the ethanol and petroleum ether extracts were determined using standard protocols. The antioxidant content of the methanolic extracts was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Results Preliminary phytochemical analyses indicated the presence of tannins, reducing compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, flavons aglycones, flavanosides, anthracenosides, anthocyanosides, volatile oils, coumarins, steroid glycosides, sterols and triterpenes. However, the extracts did not contain any emodols and saponins. The results of the quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that the contents of different phytochemicals detected varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the selected plants. The amount of tannins in mg/g (gallic acid equivalent) of dry weight varied from 3.90 ± 0.16 in C. ochroleuca to 10.41 ± 0.78 in I. eriocarpa, total flavonoids in RE, mg/g dry matter from 4.07 ± 0.11 in I. eriocarpa to 14.94 ± 0.08 in S. obtusifolia. Total alkaloids in mg/100 g ranged from 1.59 ± 0.30 in I. eriocarpa to 6.37 ± 0.24 in Hibiscus sp. Total phenolic content in GAE, mg/g dry matter ranged from 13.39 ± 0.26 in A. rhomboidea to 64.25 ± 0.54 in I. eriocarpa. The in vitro antioxidant assays revealed substantial free radical scavenging activity in all the plants. Antioxidant activity expressed as IC50 (ppm) ranged from 13.39 for A. rhomboidea to 64.84 for I. eriocarpa, compared to 12.82 for ascorbic acid standard. The total phenolic compounds and total tannins had significant and positive correlations with DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Conclusion The findings of this study provide evidence that the species are good natural sources of phytochemicals and antioxidants, whose regular consumption could provide human health benefits by protecting against oxidative stress related diseases. Further research is needed on the structural characterization of the phytochemicals, profiling the plant extracts with high antioxidant activity and determining the antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Nyero
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Godwin Upoki Anywar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Innocent Achaye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
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Chomchoey S, Klongdee S, Peanparkdee M, Klinkesorn U. Fabrication and characterization of nanoemulsions for encapsulation and delivery of vitexin: antioxidant activity, storage stability and in vitro digestibility. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:2532-2543. [PMID: 36478565 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoemulsions were prepared as an encapsulation and delivery system for vitexin, a poorly water-soluble antioxidant. This study evaluated how the type and concentration of the dispersed oil phase and vitexin loading impacted droplet characteristics and nanoemulsion stability. The influences of storage temperature on antioxidant activity and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on nanoemulsion stability were also investigated. RESULTS Nanoemulsions prepared at different dispersed oil concentrations showed diverse characteristics and stability. Highest stability against droplet aggregation and phase separation with small oil droplets (< 150 nm) was observed for nanoemulsions prepared using 300 g kg-1 medium-chain triglyceride oil. These nanoemulsions are able to entrap and deliver vitexin with high encapsulation efficiency (88-90%) with no significant effect on emulsion stability. Vitexin-loaded nanoemulsions were stable during storage when refrigerated (4 °C) and at room temperature (25 °C) for up to 45 days with no effect on their antioxidant activity. Significantly delayed lipolysis rate and decreased extent of lipid digestion were observed in vitexin-loaded nanoemulsions. CONCLUSIONS Stable vitexin-loaded nanoemulsions were successfully produced by high-pressure homogenization using a mixture of Tween 80 and lecithin as emulsifiers. Vitexin-loaded nanoemulsions stabilized with a mixture of these two emulsifiers were effective in retaining antioxidant activity during storage and protecting vitexin from changes during gastrointestinal digestion. Our results suggested that nanoemulsions were effective vitexin delivery systems for food applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sornsawan Chomchoey
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Supakchon Klongdee
- Department of Food Processing and Preservation, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Methavee Peanparkdee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Utai Klinkesorn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Pagnini C, Sampietro G, Santini G, Biondi N, Rodolfi L. Tisochrysis lutea as a Substrate for Lactic Acid Fermentation: Biochemical Composition, Digestibility, and Functional Properties. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061128. [PMID: 36981055 PMCID: PMC10048537 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, because of their high nutritional value and bioactive molecule content, are interesting candidates for functional foods, including fermented foods, in which the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria combine with those of biomolecules lying in microalgal biomass. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of Tisochrysis lutea F&M-M36 as a substrate for Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and to verify fermentation effects on functionality. Bacterium selection among three lactobacilli was based on growth and resistance to in vitro digestion. Microalgal raw biomass and its digested residue were fermented in two matrixes, water and diluted organic medium, and analysed for biochemical composition and antioxidant activity along with their unfermented counterparts. Bacterial survivability to digestion and raw biomass digestibility after fermentation were also evaluated. Fucoxanthin was strongly reduced (>90%) in post-digestion residue, suggesting high bioavailability. Raw biomass in diluted organic medium gave the highest bacterial growth (8.5 logCFU mL-1) and organic acid production (5 mg L-1), while bacterial survivability to digestion (<3%) did not improve. After fermentation, the antioxidant activity of lipophilic extracts increased (>90%). Fermentation appears an interesting process to obtain T. lutea-based functional foods, although further investigations are needed to optimize bacterial growth and fully evaluate its effects on functionality and organoleptic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Pagnini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sampietro
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Santini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Natascia Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Liliana Rodolfi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
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Gai F, Janiak MA, Sulewska K, Peiretti PG, Karamać M. Phenolic Compound Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) Harvested at Different Growth Stages. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041807. [PMID: 36838795 PMCID: PMC9960924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The profile of phenolic compounds changes during the growth of a plant and this change affects its antioxidant potential. The aim of this research has been to find the growth stage of flax with the highest antioxidant capacity, and to determine the phenolic compounds responsible for such a capacity. Flax was harvested in six growth stages: from stem extension to mature seeds. The phenolic compounds were identified using LC-TOF-MS and quantified in an extract and in the fresh matter (FM) of each growth stage. The radical scavenging activity against ABTS•+ and DPPH•, the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the antioxidant activity in the β-carotene-linoleic acid emulsion system were determined. Mono- and di-C-glycosyl flavones were found to be the most abundant phenolics of the aerial parts of flax, which also showed the highest content of isoorientin (210-538 µg/g FM). Coniferin, its derivative, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were also detected. The plant was richer in flavone C-glycosides from stem extension to seed ripening (1105-1413 µg/g FM) than at the mature seed stage (557 µg/g FM). Most of the individual flavone C-glycoside contents in the extracts decreased when increasingly older plants were considered; however, the isoorientin content did not change significantly from the steam extension to the seed ripening stages. The antiradical activity against ABTS•+ and FRAP was higher for the aerial parts of the flax harvested at the flowering, brown capsule, and seed ripening stages, mainly due to the presence of flavone C-glycosides. The oxidation of β-carotene-linoleic acid emulsion was instead inhibited more effectively by the extracts from plants at the brown capsule and mature seed stages. Coniferin and its derivative were significantly involved in this activity. The extracts from the aerial parts of the flax harvested from flowering to seed ripening could be a valuable source of flavone C-glycosides for use as nutraceuticals and components of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gai
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Michał A. Janiak
- Department of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sulewska
- Department of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Pier Giorgio Peiretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Magdalena Karamać
- Department of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Rojo S, Escuredo O, Rodríguez-Flores MS, Seijo MC. Botanical Origin of Galician Bee Pollen (Northwest Spain) for the Characterization of Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36673387 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee pollen is considered a natural product, relevant for its nutritional and antioxidant properties. Its composition varies widely depending on its botanical and geographical origins. In this study, the botanical characteristics of 31 bee pollen samples from Galicia (Northwest Spain) were analyzed; samples have not been studied until now from this geographical area. The study focused on the evaluation of the influence of plant origin on total phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity measured by radical scavenging methods. The multivariate statistical treatment showed the contribution of certain pollen types in the extract of bee pollen as to phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity. Specifically, the bee pollen samples with higher presence of Castanea, Erica, Lythrum and Campanula type indicated higher total phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities according to the principal component analysis. On the contrary, Plantago and Taraxacum officinale type contributed a lower content of these compounds and radical scavenging activity. The cluster analysis classified the bee pollen samples into three groups with significant differences (p > 0.05) for the main pollen types, total phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacities. These results demonstrate the richness and botanical diversity in the pollen spectrum of bee pollen and enhance the possible beneficial nutraceutical properties of this beekeeping product.
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Ikemoto MJ, Aihara Y, Ishii N, Shigemori H. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzalacetone Inhibits the Propagation of Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Effect via Secretory Components from SH-SY5Y Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:599-607. [PMID: 37005304 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenol derivative 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone (DBL) is the primary antioxidative component of the medicinal folk mushroom Chaga (Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat). In this study, we investigated whether the antioxidative effect of DBL could propagate to recipient cells via secreted components, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), after pre-exposing SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to DBL. First, we prepared EV-enriched fractions via sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation using conditioned medium from SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 100 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 h, with and without 1 h of 5 µM DBL pre-treatment. CD63 immuno-dot blot analysis demonstrated that fractions with density of 1.06-1.09 g/cm3 had CD63-like immuno-reactivities. Furthermore, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay revealed that the radical scavenging activity of fraction 11 (density of 1.06 g/cm3), prepared after 24-h H2O2 treatment, was significantly increased compared to that in the control group (no H2O2 treatment). Notably, 1 h of 5 µM DBL pre-treatment or 5 min of heat treatment (100 °C) diminished this effect, although concentrating the fraction by 100 kDa ultrafiltration enhanced it. Overall, the effect was not specific to the recipient cell types. In addition, the uptake of fluorescent Paul Karl Horan-labeled EVs in concentrated fraction 11 was detected in all treatment groups, particularly in the H2O2-treated group. The results suggest that cell-to-cell communication via bioactive substances, such as EVs, in conditioned SH-SY5Y cell medium, propagates the H2O2-induced radical scavenging effect, whereas pre-conditioning with DBL inhibits it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsushi J Ikemoto
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Graduate School of Science, Toho University
| | - Yukine Aihara
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Noriyuki Ishii
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
| | - Hideyuki Shigemori
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), University of Tsukuba
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Lee MJ, Lee YG, Lim YJ, Seo KH, Eom SH, Kang SC, Baek NI, Lee YH. Phenolic Compounds from the Fruits of Prunus davidiana (Rosaceae) and Their Antioxidant Activities. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200823. [PMID: 36376246 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research was supported by Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ014204032019) and the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2020R1A6A3A01100042).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jee Lee
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Lim
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwa Seo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyun Eom
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hyung Lee
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
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21
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Eichhorn T, Kolbe F, Mišić S, Dimić D, Morgan I, Saoud M, Milenković D, Marković Z, Rüffer T, Dimitrić Marković J, Kaluđerović GN. Synthesis, Crystallographic Structure, Theoretical Analysis, Molecular Docking Studies, and Biological Activity Evaluation of Binuclear Ru(II)-1-Naphthylhydrazine Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010689. [PMID: 36614131 PMCID: PMC9821167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium(II)-arene complexes have gained significant research interest due to their possible application in cancer therapy. In this contribution two new complexes are described, namely [{RuCl(η6-p-cymene)}2(μ-Cl)(μ-1-N,N'-naphthyl)]X (X = Cl, 1; PF6, 2), which were fully characterized by IR, NMR, and elemental microanalysis. Furthermore, the structure of 2 in the solid state was determined by a single crystal X-ray crystallographic study, confirming the composition of the crystals as 2·2MeOH. The Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed for the investigation of interactions that govern the crystal structure of 2·2MeOH. The structural data for 2 out of 2·2MeOH was used for the theoretical analysis of the cationic part [{RuCl(η6-p-cymene)}2(μ-Cl)(μ-1-N,N'-naphthyl)]+ (2a) which is common to both 1 and 2. The density functional theory, at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) basis set for H, C, N, and Cl atoms and LanL2DZ for Ru ions, was used for the optimization of the 2a structure. The natural bond orbital and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analyses were employed to quantify the intramolecular interactions. The reproduction of experimental IR and NMR spectra proved the applicability of the chosen level of theory. The binding of 1 to bovine serum albumin was examined by spectrofluorimetry and molecular docking, with complementary results obtained. Compound 1 acted as a radical scavenger towards DPPH• and HO• radicals, along with high activity towards cancer prostate and colon cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eichhorn
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Straße 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Franz Kolbe
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Straße 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Mišić
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Straße 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ibrahim Morgan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mohamad Saoud
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dejan Milenković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jasmina Dimitrić Marković
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (J.D.M.); (G.N.K.)
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Straße 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.D.M.); (G.N.K.)
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22
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Mannino G, Ricciardi M, Gatti N, Serio G, Vigliante I, Contartese V, Gentile C, Bertea CM. Changes in the Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Prunus persica Fruits after the Application of a Commercial Biostimulant Based on Seaweed and Yeast Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415911. [PMID: 36555550 PMCID: PMC9779733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant biostimulants are formulations that are experiencing great success from the perspective of sustainable agriculture. In this work, we evaluated the effect derived from the application of a biostimulant based on algae and yeast extracts (Expando®) on the agronomic yield and nutraceutical profile of two different cultivars ("Sugar Time" and "West Rose") of Prunus persica (peach). Although, at the agronomic level, significant effects on production yields were not recorded, the biostimulant was able to reduce the ripening time, increase the fruit size, and make the number of harvestable fruits homogeneous. From a nutraceutical point of view, our determinations via spectrophotometric (UV/Vis) and chromatographic (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) analysis showed that the biostimulant was able to boost the content of bioactive compounds in both the pulp (5.0 L/ha: +17%; 4.0 L/ha: +12%; 2.5 L/ha: +11%) and skin (4.0 L/ha: +38%; 2.5 L/ha: +15%). These changes seem to follow a dose-dependent effect, also producing attractive effects on the antioxidant properties of the fruits harvested from the treated trees. In conclusion, the biostimulant investigated in this work proved to be able to produce more marketable fruit in a shorter time, both from a pomological and a functional point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maddalena Ricciardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Noemi Gatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Graziella Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cinzia M. Bertea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, 10135 Turin, Italy
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23
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Popova SA, Shevchenko OG, Chukicheva IY. Synthesis of new coumarin[1,3]oxazine derivatives of 7-hydroxy-6-isobornyl-4-methylcoumarin and their antioxidant activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:994-1004. [PMID: 34553497 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized a series of new 9,10-dihydro-2H,8H-chromeno[8,7e][1,3]oxazine-2-on derivatives which incorporate isobornylcoumarin and 1,3-oxazine moieties. A structure-antioxidant activity relationship was analyzed. A comparative evaluation of their radical scavenging activity, antioxidant and membrane-protective properties was carried out in test with DPPH, as well as on the models of Fe2+ /ascorbate-initiated lipid peroxidation and oxidative hemolysis of mammalian red blood cells. The results suggest that all the obtained coumarin[1,3]oxazine derivatives of 7-hydroxy-6-isobornyl-4-methylcoumarin are capable of exhibiting antioxidant activity in various model systems. Compound 7 with a phenyl fragment, combining high radical scavenging activity and the ability to inhibit Fe2+ /ascorbate-initiated peroxidation of animal lipids in a heterogeneous environment, also proved to be the most effective membrane protector and antioxidant in the model of H2 O2 -induced erythrocyte hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Popova
- Institute of Chemistry, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana G Shevchenko
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Yu Chukicheva
- Institute of Chemistry, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
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24
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Bâldea I. Two Theorems and Important Insight on How the Preferred Mechanism of Free Radical Scavenging Cannot Be Settled. Comment on Pandithavidana, D.R.; Jayawardana, S.B. Comparative Study of Antioxidant Potential of Selected Dietary Vitamins; Computational Insights. Molecules 2019, 24, 1646. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228092. [PMID: 36432191 PMCID: PMC9692462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Totally ignoring that the five enthalpies of reaction—bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), adiabatic ionization potential (IP), proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), proton affinity (PA), and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE)—characterizing the three free radical scavenging mechanisms—direct hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), sequential electron transfer proton transfer (SET-PT), and stepwise proton loss electron transfer (SPLET)—are not independent of each other, a recent publication on the antioxidant activity of dietary vitamins compared various vitamins and “found” different quantities, which should be strictly equal by virtue of energy conservation. Aiming to clarify this point, as well as to avoid such mistakes in future studies and to unravel errors in the previous literature, in the present paper we formulate two theorems that any sound results on antioxidation should obey. The first theorem states that the sums of the enthalpies characterizing the individual steps of SET-PT and SPLET are equal: IP+PDE = PA+ETE (=H2). This is a mathematical identity emerging from the fact that both the reactants and the final products of SET-PT and SPLET are chemically identical. The second theorem, which is also a mathematical identity, states that H2 − BDE = IPH > 0, where IPH is the ionization potential of the H-atom in the medium (e.g., gas or solvent) considered. Due to their general character, these theorems may/should serve as necessary sanity tests for any results on antioxidant activity, whatever the method employed in their derivation. From a more general perspective, they should represent a serious word of caution regarding attempts to assign the preferred free radical scavenging pathway based merely on thermochemical descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Bâldea
- Theoretical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Zadeike D, Gaizauskaite Z, Svazas M, Gruzauskas R, Gruzauskas V, Damasius J, Juodeikiene G. Application of Solid-State Fermentation for the Improving of Extruded Corn Dry-Milling By-Products and Their Protein Functional Properties. Life (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36431044 DOI: 10.3390/life12111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Lactobacillus sakei MI401 and Pediococcus acidilactici PA-2 strains on functional properties of extruded (130 °C; 25 rpm) corn-milling by-products (CMB) and their albumin, globulin, and prolamin fractions was evaluated in order to produce stabilized and functionalized food/feed stock. Extrusion resulted in a considerable reduction of microbial contamination of CMB by five log cycles, increased damaged starch, water-absorption capacity, and lowered protein and fat contents by 12.4% and 37%, respectively. The application of SSF for the extruded CMB have been shown to improve the water absorption, foaming, and emulsifying capacity of albumins and globulins and also increased the digestibility and free radical scavenging activity of prolamins. The essential amino acid content (EAA) in CMB and antioxidant activity of prolamins was lowered after extrusion but significantly increased after SSF. The combination of the abovementioned treatments can be confirmed as a prospective functionalization of CMB, capable of potentially enhancing its safety and improving nutritional, biochemical, and technological properties of proteins.
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26
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Marchant MJ, Molina P, Montecinos M, Guzmán L, Balada C, Castro M. Effects of LED Light Spectra on the Development, Phytochemical Profile, and Antioxidant Activity of Curcuma longa from Easter Island. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2701. [PMID: 36297725 PMCID: PMC9608076 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa (C. longa), an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes by the indigenous people of Easter Island, has been overexploited in its natural habitat, leading to its conservation status being designated as a vulnerable species. We have recently reported on the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to improve the productivity of C. longa in vitro cultures under a temporary immersion system (TIS), but the effects of light quality on plant growth, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant capacity remained unexplored. Here, we set out to study these three aspects as observed at the end of TIS culture (day 0) and after 30 days of greenhouse acclimation (day 30). Thus, we evaluated plant morphological characteristics, phytochemical profile (polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, and curcumin), and radical scavenging activity by DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP assays. The results showed that, during in vitro cultivation under TIS, the red:blue (RB) LED light spectrum promoted C. longa shoot proliferation, with the resulting seedlings exhibiting greater fresh weight and no signs of etiolation. In the acclimation phase, the RB spectrum increased phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and reducing sugars, and boosted curcumin synthesis. Nevertheless, the antioxidant activity of the plants under the RB light spectrum did not intensify. We surmise that this may be due to the premature intraplant allocation of metabolites to alternative pathways (e.g., curcumin synthesis) under RB light.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Marchant
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Biocatalysis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Paula Molina
- Propagation Laboratory, Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, La Palma S/N, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Miriam Montecinos
- Propagation Laboratory, Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, La Palma S/N, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Leda Guzmán
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Biocatalysis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Balada
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Biocatalysis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Mónica Castro
- Propagation Laboratory, Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, La Palma S/N, Quillota 2260000, Chile
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27
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Helal A, Cattivelli A, Conte A, Tagliazucchi D. In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds in Coffee-Fortified Yogurt. Molecules 2022; 27:6843. [PMID: 36296436 PMCID: PMC9607598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Yogurt is considered one of the most popular and healthy dairy products, and has been exploited as a delivery matrix for phenolic compounds. In this study, coffee powder was added to yogurt as a functional ingredient to produce coffee-fortified yogurt. Total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and individual hydroxycinnamic acids have been identified and quantified through mass spectrometry. The results from coffee-fortified yogurt were compared with fermented coffee and plain yogurt. Coffee-fortified yogurt had higher total phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to plain yogurt. However, the total phenolic compounds found in coffee-fortified yogurt represented only 38.9% of the original content in coffee. Caffeoylquinic acids were the most abundant phenolic compounds in coffee. Fermented coffee and coffee-fortified yogurt displayed lower amounts of individual phenolic compounds with respect to coffee (69.8% and 52.4% of recovery, respectively). A protective effect of the yogurt matrix on total and individual coffee phenolic compounds has been observed after in vitro digestion, resulting in a higher bioaccessibility in comparison with digested fermented coffee. Moreover, coffee-fortified yogurt showed the highest antioxidant values after digestion. These findings clearly demonstrate that coffee-fortified yogurt can be considered a significant source of bioaccessible hydroxycinnamic acids, besides its health benefits as a fermented dairy product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Helal
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences and Technology, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Alice Cattivelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2-Pad. Besta, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Angela Conte
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2-Pad. Besta, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Davide Tagliazucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2-Pad. Besta, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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28
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Râpă M, Zaharescu T, Stefan LM, Gaidău C, Stănculescu I, Constantinescu RR, Stanca M. Bioactivity and Thermal Stability of Collagen-Chitosan Containing Lemongrass Essential Oil for Potential Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183884. [PMID: 36146031 PMCID: PMC9503703 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive collagen–chitosan–lemongrass (COL–CS–LG) membranes were prepared by casting method and analyzed for potential biomedical applications. For COL–CS–LG membranes, LG essential oil release, antioxidant properties, in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial assessments were conducted, as well as free radical determination after gamma irradiation by chemiluminescence, and structural characteristics analysis through Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The evaluation of non-isothermal chemiluminescence after gamma radiation exposure to COL–CS–LG membranes revealed a slowing down of the oxidation process at temperatures exceeding 200 °C, in correlation with antioxidant activity. Antimicrobial properties and minimum inhibitory concentrations were found to be in correlation with cytotoxicity limits, offering the optimum composition for designing new biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Râpă
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Traian Zaharescu
- INCDIE ICPE CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, P.O. Box 149, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Stefan
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Gaidău
- The National Research & Development Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division Leather and Footwear Resesarch Institute (ICPI), 93 Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioana Stănculescu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Research and Development for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4–12 Regina Elisabeta Boulevard, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Rodica Roxana Constantinescu
- The National Research & Development Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division Leather and Footwear Resesarch Institute (ICPI), 93 Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Stanca
- The National Research & Development Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division Leather and Footwear Resesarch Institute (ICPI), 93 Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania
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29
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Tasneem R, Khan HMS, Rasool F, Khan KU, Umair M, Esatbeyoglu T, Korma SA. Development of Phytocosmeceutical Microemulgel Containing Flaxseed Extract and Its In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36015282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants from natural sources are extensively attaining consideration to avert the skin from damage and aging caused by free radicals. Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), a natural therapeutic agent, was meant to be explored cosmeceutical by quantifying its potential phytoconstituents and to be incorporated into a microemulgel for topical use. Hydroalcoholic fractions (both methanolic and ethanolic; 80%) flaxseed extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening by quantifying total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), and for biological activities through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, and sun protection factor (SPF). Ethanolic fraction was selected for further study by TPC (18.75 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and TFC (1.34 mg quercetin equivalent/g). HPLC-UV analysis showed the existence of benzoic, quercetin, caffeic, vanillic, p-coumaric, gallic, cinnamic, syringic, and sinapic acids. Biological activities showed 87.00%, 72.00%, and 21.75 values for DPPH assay, tyrosinase inhibition, and SPF assays, respectively. An oil-in-water (OW) microemulsion containing the flaxseed extract, with 99.20 nm Zeta size, −19.3 Zeta potential and 0.434 polydispersity index was developed and incorporated in Carbopol-940 gel matrix to formulate an active microemulgel with 59.15% release in in vitro studies. The successfully formulated stable active microemulgel produced statistically significant effects (p < 0.05), in comparison to a placebo, on skin erythema, melanin, sebum, moisture, and elasticity, in a noninvasive in vivo study performed on 13 healthy human female volunteers. Other cosmeceutical products can also be formulated from flaxseed, making it a considerable candidate for further utilization in the pharmaceutical industry.
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30
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Hwang Y, Lee J, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Ko J, Jeong Y, Park YJ, Kang MK, Yun H, Kim MS, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. A Novel Class of Potent Anti-Tyrosinase Compounds with Antioxidant Activity, 2-(Substituted phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[ d]thiazoles: In Vitro and In Silico Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1375. [PMID: 35883866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen compounds bearing a benzothiazole moiety were synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors and evaluated for mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The compound 4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (compound 1b) exhibited the highest tyrosinase activity inhibition, with an IC50 value of 0.2 ± 0.01 μM (a potency 55-fold greater than kojic acid). In silico results using mushroom tyrosinase and human tyrosinase showed that the 2,4-hydroxyl substituents on the phenyl ring of 1b played an important role in the inhibition of both tyrosinases. Kinetic studies on mushroom tyrosinase indicated that 1b is a competitive inhibitor of monophenolase and diphenolase, and this was supported by docking results. In B16F10 murine melanoma cells, 1a and 1b dose-dependently and significantly inhibited melanin production intracellularly, and melanin release into medium more strongly than kojic acid, and these effects were attributed to the inhibition of cellular tyrosinase. Furthermore, the inhibition of melanin production by 1b was found to be partially due to the inhibition of tyrosinase glycosylation and the suppression of melanogenesis-associated genes. Compound 1c, which has a catechol group, exhibited potent antioxidant activities against ROS, DPPH, and ABTS, and 1b also had strong ROS and ABTS radical scavenging activities. These results suggest that 5-(trifluoromethyl)benzothiazole derivatives are promising anti-tyrosinase lead compounds with potent antioxidant effects.
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Abstract
In the history of modern nutritional science, understanding antioxidants is one of the major topics. In many cases, food-derived antioxidants have π conjugate or thiol group in their molecular structures because π conjugate stabilizes radical by its delocalization and two thiol groups form a disulfide bond in its antioxidative process. In recent years, antioxidant peptides have received much attention because for their ability to scavenge free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, chelation of transition metal ions, as well as their additional nutritional value. Among them, dipeptides are attracting much interest as post-amino acids, which have residues in common with amino acids, but also have different physiological properties and functions from those of amino acids. Especially, dipeptides containing moieties of several amino acid (tryptophan, tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, and methionine) possess potent antioxidant activity. This review summarizes previous details of structural property, radical scavenging activity, and biological activity of antioxidant dipeptide. Hopefully, this review will help provide a new insight into the study of the biological functions of antioxidant dipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ozawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
| | - Taiki Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
| | | | - Teruo Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
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Osipova V, Gracheva Y, Polovinkina M, Burmistrova D, Berberova N. Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Aromatic Oligosulfides. Molecules 2022; 27:3961. [PMID: 35745083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural or synthetic antioxidants with biomimetic fragments protect the functional and structural integrity of biological molecules at a minimum concentration, and may be used as potential chemotherapeutic agents. This paper is devoted to in silico and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of synthetic analogues of natural compounds—aromatic oligosulfides. The antiradical and SOD-protective activity of oligosulfides was demonstrated in the reaction with O2–• generated in enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. It was found that phenol-containing disulfides significantly reduced the accumulation level of hydroperoxides and secondary carbonyl thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which are primary products of oleic acid peroxidation. The antioxidant efficiency of bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide increased over time due to the synergistic action of the 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol fragment and the disulfide linker. The highest cytotoxicity on the A-549 and HCT-116 cell lines was found for bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) disulfide. Significant induction of apoptosis in HCT-116 cells in the presence of bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) disulfide indicates the prospect of its use as an antitumor agent. The significant and moderate dependences revealed between various types of activities of the studied aromatic oligosulfides can be used in the development of a strategy for the synthesis and study of target-oriented compounds with predictable biological activity.
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Rabiej-Kozioł D, Roszek K, Krzemiński MP, Szydłowska-Czerniak A. Phenolipids as new food additives: from synthesis to cell-based biological activities. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1365-1379. [PMID: 35696424 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2086711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest has been shown in phenolic compounds for enhancing food quality, but their hydrophilicity restricts application in lipophilic systems. Therefore, in this study, twelve hydroxycinnamates derivatives (alkyl and steryl esters of sinapic acid (SA), caffeic acid (CA), and ferulic acid [FA]) were synthesised and evaluated for antioxidant and cytotoxic characteristics. CA esters had the highest radical scavenging activity (RSA) analysed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Values of inhibitory concentration (IC50) of synthesised compounds were related to their structure and lipophilicity. The effect of these hydroxycinnamic acid esters on the antioxidant potential of real samples (rapeseed oil, margarine and mayonnaise) was estimated. None of the investigated derivatives significantly affected the viability of the model intestinal cells Caco2, while the octyl esters demonstrated a toxic effect at low concentrations. The synthesised esters exerted cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects against transformed cell lines (HeLa and A549). Octyl esters were potent anticancer compounds on two human cancer cell lines. The synthesised phenolipids, as valuable and safe antioxidant additives, can find broader applications in the production of fat-based products to prevent oxidation processes, extend their shelf life and improve quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrochna Rabiej-Kozioł
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Roszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marek P Krzemiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szydłowska-Czerniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Smolyaninov IV, Burmistrova DA, Arsenyev MV, Polovinkina MA, Pomortseva NP, Fukin GK, Poddel’sky AI, Berberova NT. Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of New Catechol Thioethers with the Methylene Linker. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103169. [PMID: 35630646 PMCID: PMC9144179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel catechol thio-ethers with different heterocyclic substituents at sulfur atom were prepared by reacting 3,5-di-tert-butyl-6-methoxymethylcatechol with functionalized thiols under acidic conditions. A common feature of compounds is a methylene bridge between the catechol ring and thioether group. Two catechols with the thio-ether group, bound directly to the catechol ring, were also considered to assess the effect of the methylene linker on the antioxidant properties. The crystal structures of thio-ethers with benzo-thiazole moieties were established by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The radical scavenging and antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical test, ABTS∙+, CUPRAC (TEAC) assays, the reaction with superoxide radical anion generated by xanthine oxidase (NBT assay), the oxidative damage of the DNA, and the process of lipid peroxidation of rat liver (Wistar) homogenates in vitro. Most catechol-thioethers exhibit the antioxidant effect, which varies from mild to moderate depending on the model system. The dual anti/prooxidant activity characterizes compounds with adamantyl or thio-phenol substituent at the sulfur atom. Catechol thio-ethers containing heterocyclic groups (thiazole, thiazoline, benzo-thiazole, benzo-xazole) can be considered effective antioxidants with cytoprotective properties. These compounds can protect molecules of DNA and lipids from the different radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Smolyaninov
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (D.A.B.); (N.P.P.); (N.T.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.S.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Daria A. Burmistrova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (D.A.B.); (N.P.P.); (N.T.B.)
| | - Maxim V. Arsenyev
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Maria A. Polovinkina
- Toxicology Research Group of Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Science, 41 Chekhova Str., 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda P. Pomortseva
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (D.A.B.); (N.P.P.); (N.T.B.)
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Andrey I. Poddel’sky
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.A.); (G.K.F.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.S.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Nadezhda T. Berberova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (D.A.B.); (N.P.P.); (N.T.B.)
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Kviklys D, Viškelis J, Liaudanskas M, Janulis V, Laužikė K, Samuolienė G, Uselis N, Lanauskas J. Apple Fruit Growth and Quality Depend on the Position in Tree Canopy. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:196. [PMID: 35050084 PMCID: PMC8781678 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modern apple orchard systems should guarantee homogeneity of fruit internal and external qualities and fruit maturity parameters. However, when orchards reach productive age, a variation of these parameters takes place and mostly it is related to uneven light distribution within the tree canopy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the canopy position's effect on fruit internal and external quality parameters. This is the first study where all the main fruit quality and maturation parameters were evaluated on the same trees and were related to the light conditions and photosynthetic parameters. Four fruit positions were tested: top of the apple tree, lower inside part of the canopy, and east and west sides of the apple tree. Fruit quality variability was significant for fruit size, blush, colour indices, total sugar content, dry matter concentration, accumulation of secondary metabolites and radical scavenging activity. Fruit position in the canopy did not affect flesh firmness and fruit maturity parameters such as the starch index, Streif index and respiration rate. At the Lithuanian geographical location (55°60' N), significantly, the highest fruit quality was achieved at the top of the apple tree. The tendency was established that apple fruits from the west side of the canopy have better fruit quality than from the east side and it could be related to better light conditions at the west side of the tree. Inside the canopy, fruits were distinguished only by the higher accumulation of triterpenic compounds and higher content of malic acid. Light is a main factor of fruit quality variation, thus all orchard management practices, including narrow two-dimensional tree canopies and reflecting ground covers which improve light penetration through the tree canopy, should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Kviklys
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.V.); (K.L.); (G.S.); (N.U.); (J.L.)
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research—NIBIO Ullensvang, Ullensvangvegen 1005, NO-5781 Lofthus, Norway
| | - Jonas Viškelis
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.V.); (K.L.); (G.S.); (N.U.); (J.L.)
| | - Mindaugas Liaudanskas
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.L.); (V.J.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.L.); (V.J.)
| | - Kristina Laužikė
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.V.); (K.L.); (G.S.); (N.U.); (J.L.)
| | - Giedrė Samuolienė
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.V.); (K.L.); (G.S.); (N.U.); (J.L.)
| | - Nobertas Uselis
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.V.); (K.L.); (G.S.); (N.U.); (J.L.)
| | - Juozas Lanauskas
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.V.); (K.L.); (G.S.); (N.U.); (J.L.)
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Li Y, Liang H, Zhou D, Xing Y, Chen J. Phenolics, flavonoids content and antioxidant activities of Tuber indicum at different maturity stages. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100830. [PMID: 34997953 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese black truffle Tuber indicum (Ascomycota, Pezizales) is a ectomycorrhizal fungus forming hypogeous edible ascocarps. As a famous wild edible mushroom in the world, this species also attracted an increasing interest in their chemical composition and pharmacological activity. In this study, the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of Tuber indicum collected from July to November at different maturity stages in China were analyzed. Our results showed that T. indicum collected in July (immature stage) possessed the highest amount of flavonoids (3.89 mg/g dw) and the highest ABTS⦁+ scavenging activity (EC50 =3.73 mg/ml). In addition, those samples collected in August (moderate mature stage) contained the highest phenolics content (4.78 mg/g dw), the highest DPPH⦁ radical scavenging activity(EC50 =3.73 mg/ml) and ferric reducing activity power(243.63 μmol FeSO4 /g). The study reveals T. indicum in the early maturity stage yield significantly higher content of phenolics and flavonoids and possessed stronger antioxidant activity than those collected in other months. This study provided important data for understanding the relationship between maturity stages and truffle formation and evaluating the quality of Chinese black truffle at different maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Mycological lab, Hadian District, 100193, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Hanqiao Liang
- Biochemical school, Beijing City University,Beijing 100183,China, pharmacy, Hadian District, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Dongyu Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Mycological lab, Hadian District, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Yongmei Xing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Mycology lab, Hadian District, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Juan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, No.151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, CHINA
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Grigoriou AM, Pinakoulaki E. Linking the Dynamic Changes in the In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Carob Kibbles upon Roasting to the Chemical and Structural Changes Revealed by FTIR Spectroscopy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:2025. [PMID: 34943128 PMCID: PMC8698282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the potential of utilizing carob kibbles as a bioactive-rich food ingredient associated with substantial health benefits. Roasting is a key process in enhancing the sensory characteristics of carob kibbles, also affecting the bioactive polyphenols and leading to the formation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs), including the polymeric melanoidins that are associated with a high antioxidant potential but remain unexplored in carob. In this work, we employed for the first time attenuated total reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to probe the dynamic chemical and structural changes upon the roasting of carob kibbles, along with the investigation of the in vitro antioxidant activity through the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and the determination of the total polyphenolic, proanthocyanidin, gallic acid and cinnamic acid contents. Roasting significantly enhanced the in vitro antioxidant activity of the polyphenolic carob extracts, with different rates at distinct roasting temperatures. The ATR-FTIR analysis enabled the identification of the changes in the structural features of polyphenolic compounds that were related to the improved antioxidant activity upon roasting. Furthermore, the detection of characteristic signatures for the polymeric melanoidins in the infrared (IR) fingerprint region provided the first evidence for the formation and structural properties of these complex, diverse compounds in roasted carob kibbles.
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Hcini K, Lozano-Pérez AA, Luis Cenis J, Quílez M, José Jordán M. Extraction and Encapsulation of Phenolic Compounds of Tunisian Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extracts in Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112312. [PMID: 34834676 PMCID: PMC8618009 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is known to be an effective potential source of natural antioxidants which confer benefits to human health. Their bioactive properties are mainly due to phenolic compounds but these molecules are highly vulnerable to oxidants, light, heat, pH, water and enzymatic activities. Therefore, the stability and shelf life of phenolic compounds should be increased by being protected from chemical and physical damage by means of encapsulation prior to application. Encapsulation is becoming increasingly important in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, textile, personal care, chemical, biotechnology, and medicinal industries due to its potential for stabilization and delivery of delicate and precious bioactive compounds. The aim of the present work was to describe the polyphenolic profile of Tunisian Rosemary, collected from two different bioclimatic areas, and further loading in silk fibroin nanoparticles. The loaded nanoparticles were characterized in terms of morphology, size, polydispersity, Z-potential, secondary structure of the protein, encapsulation efficiency, loading content, and antioxidant activity. On one hand, HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 18 polyphenolic compounds of whichcarnosic acid and carnosol were found to be the most abundant compounds (46.3 to 76.4 and 22.4 to 43.5 mg of compound per gram of dry plant weight (mg/g DPW) respectively), Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 85.8 to 137.3 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DPW in post-distilled rosemary extracts andantioxidant activity reached the values of 5.9 to 8.3 µmol of ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g DPW). On the other hand loaded nanoparticles were almost spherical and presented nanometric size and negative Z-potential. Although the encapsulation efficiency in silk fibroin nanoparticles and the drug loading content were low in the conditions of the assay, the encapsulated polyphenols retained near 85% of the radical scavenging activity against DPPH· after 24 h. of incubation at 37 °C. The results showed that post-distilled rosemary residues had an effective potential as natural antioxidants due to their significant antioxidant activity and seemed to be useful in both pharmaceutical and food industries with beneficial properties that might confer benefits to human health and these silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with rosemary extracts are thus a promising combination for several applications in food technology or nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheiria Hcini
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory (LR11ES09), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University Campus Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio A. Lozano-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (A.A.L.-P.); (J.L.C.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Cenis
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (A.A.L.-P.); (J.L.C.)
| | - María Quílez
- Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Enología y Agricultura Sostenible, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (M.Q.); (M.J.J.)
| | - Maria José Jordán
- Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Enología y Agricultura Sostenible, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (M.Q.); (M.J.J.)
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Rojo-Poveda O, Zeppa G, Ferrocino I, Stévigny C, Barbosa-Pereira L. Chemometric Classification of Cocoa Bean Shells Based on Their Polyphenolic Profile Determined by RP-HPLC-PDA Analysis and Spectrophotometric Assays. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1533. [PMID: 34679667 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The cocoa bean shell (CBS), a byproduct from the cocoa industry, was recently proposed as a functional and low-cost ingredient, mainly because of its content in polyphenols. However, vegetal food products could significantly differ in their chemical composition depending on different factors such as their geographical provenience. This work is aimed to determine the polyphenolic and methylxanthine profile of different CBS samples and utilize it for achieving their differentiation according to their geographical origin and variety. RP-HPLC-PDA was used to determine the CBS polyphenolic profile. Spectrophotometric assays were used to obtain the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents, as well as to evaluate their radical scavenging activity. The results obtained from both methods were then compared and used for the CBS differentiation according to their origin and varieties through chemometric analysis. RP-HPLC-PDA allowed to determine 25 polyphenolic compounds, as well as the methylxanthines theobromine and caffeine. Polyphenolic profile results highlighted significant differences among the analyzed samples, allowing for their differentiation based on their geographical provenience. Similar results were achieved with the results of the spectrophotometric assays, considered as screening methods. Differentiation based on CBS variety was instead obtained based on the HPLC-determined methylxanthine profile.
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Hazra T, Sindhav R, Sudheendra CVK, Bumbadiya M, Govani R, Ramani V. A comparative study on the effects of boiling and ultrasonication on radical scavenging activity, casein particle size, and whiteness of milk. Vet World 2021; 14:1784-1787. [PMID: 34475698 PMCID: PMC8404115 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1784-1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Different processing treatments affect the functional properties of milk. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of boiling and ultrasonication on radical scavenging activity, micellar casein particle size, and the whiteness of milk. Materials and Methods Milk was subjected to boiling and ultrasonication treatments. Then, the micellar casein size and the whiteness of the milk were evaluated using L-Value- intensity of whiteness and the radical scavenging capacity of the milk was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method. Results The radical scavenging activity of the milk was found to be reduced during the different processing treatments, but this decrease was non-significant for the ultrasonication treatment (p>0.05). However, a significant reduction in radical scavenging activity (p<0.05) was observed for the boiled milk. Micellar casein size reduction was observed after both treatments, and boiling had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the micellar casein particle size. We found that the whiteness of skim milk was significantly decreased after boiling treatment, but was not significantly decreased after ultrasonication. Ultrasonication had a non-significant effect on the whiteness of ultrasonicated milk which was observed. Conclusion Ultrasonicated milk had a very non-significant effect on the antioxidant activity (radical scavenging activity) of milk, whereas the effect of boiling was significant. Ultrasonication treatment increases the shelf-life of milk while retaining its bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Hazra
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Amreli, Gujarat, India
| | - Rohit Sindhav
- Department of Dairy Technology, College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Amreli, Gujarat, India
| | - Ch V K Sudheendra
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Amreli, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitul Bumbadiya
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Amreli, Gujarat, India
| | - Radhika Govani
- Department of Dairy Business Management, College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Amreli, Gujarat, India
| | - Vimal Ramani
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Amreli, Gujarat, India
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Aung HT, Zar T, Sein MM, Komori Y, Vidari G, Takaya Y. Constituents of Aegle marmelos from Myanmar. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2021; 23:844-850. [PMID: 32851864 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1804378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Five compounds (1-5), including three coumarins (1-3) and two alkaloids (4,5) were isolated during the first investigation of the stem bark of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa. collected in Myanmar. Their structures were determined by NMR spectra analysis. Among them, 7´-O-ethylmarmin (1) and 2-O-ethyltembamide (5) were identified as new compounds. Skimmianine (4) showed moderate cytotoxicity against a HeLa cell line, and 7´-O-ethylmarmin (1), marmin (2), and (+)-epoxyaurapten (3) displayed weak radical scavenging activity according to a DPPH scavenging assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hnin Thanda Aung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay, Mahaaungmyae Township, Mandalay 05032, Myanmar
| | - Thu Zar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay, Mahaaungmyae Township, Mandalay 05032, Myanmar
| | - Myint Myint Sein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay, Mahaaungmyae Township, Mandalay 05032, Myanmar
| | - Yumiko Komori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Faculty of Science, Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Yoshiaki Takaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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Zeppa G, Tedesco M, Bertolino M, Çilek Tatar B. Grape Pomace as a New Coagulant for Tofu Production: Physicochemical and Sensory Effects. Foods 2021; 10:1857. [PMID: 34441633 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tofu, one of the most important products made from soymilk, is obtained through a coagulation process performed with various coagulants (acids, salts and, enzymes). In this study, innovative tofu samples were produced using the grape pomace (GP) powders of different varieties (Barbera, Chardonnay, Moscato, and Pinot Noir) with different origins (fermented and distilled) at two concentration levels (2.5% and 5% w/v) as coagulants, and comparisons with traditional tofu were made. Physicochemical characteristics, phenolic contents, radical scavenging activity levels, textural properties, and consumer acceptability were evaluated. The moisture, protein content, and pH levels of GP tofu samples were slightly lower than those of traditional tofu. Regarding textural parameters, except for hardness, all other parameters were significantly lower in GP tofu samples, with differences due to GP concentration. The colours of GP tofu varied from amber-yellow to violet according to the GP origin. The blue-violet colours were observed predominantly in tofu samples obtained with Barbera and Pinot Noir GPs, while the other GP tofu samples showed amber-yellow colours. The concentrations of polyphenols were 2–10 times higher than in traditional tofu, while the radical scavenging activity levels were 9–80 times higher. The GP tofu samples were favoured by consumers, with small differences among the GP varieties.
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Kang T, Suh S, Jo HE, Choi KO. Physical, chemical, and biological characterization of ginsenoside F1 incorporated in nanostructured lipid carrier. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13860. [PMID: 34263467 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the physical property and thermodynamic stability of nanostructured lipid carrier suspension incorporating ginsenoside F1 (GF1_NLC), and to evaluate its transport and antioxidant properties. GF1_NLC suspension possessed spherical particles with an average size of 98.9 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency reached approximately 90%. There was a good compatibility between ginsenoside F1 (GF1) and the nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation, giving no contribution to the changes in the structural organization and crystallization behavior of lipid particles. However, the incorporation of GF1 reduced the thermodynamic stability of the lipid particles. The permeability of GF1_NLC (39.2%) across Caco-2 cell monolayer was higher than that of free GF1 (26.0%); however, no significant differences were observed in the radical scavenging activity (84.1% and 85.5%, respectively). In conclusion, NLC could be a potential candidate for the delivery of GF1 into the living body due to its small particle size, high encapsulation efficiency, and improved permeability. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Poor water solubility in an aqueous solution and low absorption rate of ginsenoside F1 in the intestinal track limit its practical application in food systems. In this study, ginsenoside F1 was encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carrier to enhance its water solubility and absorption rate. The results of the encapsulated ginsenoside F1 showed high encapsulation efficiency of 90% with fine particle size of 98.9 nm that could correspond to the enhancement of water solubility in an aqueous solution and permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayer. The results may encourage the food industry to utilize this encapsulation technique for the enhancement of the functional properties of poorly water-soluble bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyoung Kang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Seokjin Suh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Jo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ok Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
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Raschip IE, Fifere N, Dinu MV. A Comparative Analysis on the Effect of Variety of Grape Pomace Extracts on the Ice-Templated 3D Cryogel Features. Gels 2021; 7:gels7030076. [PMID: 34201622 PMCID: PMC8293078 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a growing interest in developing functional packaging materials from renewable resources containing bioactive compounds (such as polyphenols) in order to reduce the use of petroleum-based plastics and their impact on the environment. In this regard, the effect of a variety and concentration of grape pomace extracts (Feteasca Neagra or Merlot) incorporated within ice-templated 3D xanthan-based composites was evaluated by considering their water content, surface and texture properties, radical scavenging and microbiological activities. The embedding of Feteasca Neagra or Merlot grape pomace extracts was studied by static water swelling and contact angle measurements, and SEM, EDX, and TGA analyses. The water contact angle results showed an increase in the surface hydrophobicity of the extract-loaded cryogels with an increase in extract content from 10 to 40 v/v%. SEM micrographs indicated that the entrapment of grape pomace extracts affected the morphology of the pore walls and reduced the pore sizes. The antioxidant activity of grape pomace extract-loaded composite cryogels was closely related to the total phenolic content of grape variety and to their concentration into matrices. The highly hydrophobic character of composite cryogels containing Merlot grape pomace extract and their remarkable antimicrobial activity indicates a great potential of these materials for food packaging applications.
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Henriques A, Vázquez JA, Valcarcel J, Mendes R, Bandarra NM, Pires C. Characterization of Protein Hydrolysates from Fish Discards and By-Products from the North-West Spain Fishing Fleet as Potential Sources of Bioactive Peptides. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:338. [PMID: 34199233 PMCID: PMC8231949 DOI: 10.3390/md19060338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish discards and by-products can be transformed into high value-added products such as fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) containing bioactive peptides. Protein hydrolysates were prepared from different parts (whole fish, skin and head) of several discarded species of the North-West Spain fishing fleet using Alcalase. All hydrolysates had moisture and ash contents lower than 10% and 15%, respectively. The fat content of FPH varied between 1.5% and 9.4% and had high protein content (69.8-76.6%). The amino acids profiles of FPH are quite similar and the most abundant amino acids were glutamic and aspartic acids. All FPH exhibited antioxidant activity and those obtained from Atlantic horse mackerel heads presented the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and Cu2+ chelating activity. On the other hand, hydrolysates from gurnard heads showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating activity. In what concerns the α-amylase inhibitory activity, the IC50 values recorded for FPH ranged between 5.70 and 84.37 mg/mL for blue whiting heads and whole Atlantic horse mackerel, respectively. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of FPH was relatively low but all FPH had high Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Considering the biological activities, these FPH are potential natural additives for functional foods or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Henriques
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - José A. Vázquez
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (J.A.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Jesus Valcarcel
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (J.A.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Rogério Mendes
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Pires
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Karaulova EP, Yakush EV, Slutskaya TN, Shulgina LV. Proximate Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and Hepatoprotective Activity of Three Species of Shellfish of the Pacific Coast of Russia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113397. [PMID: 34205146 PMCID: PMC8199966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the proximate composition, antiradical properties and hepatoprotective activity of three species of shellfish, Corbicula japonica, Spisula sachalinensis, and Anadara broughtonii, from the coastal areas of Far East Russia. Biologically active peptides such as taurine (3.74 g/100 g protein) and ornithine (2.12 g/100 g protein) have been found in the tissues of A. broughtonii. C. japonica contains a high amount of ornithine (5.57 g/100 g protein) and taurine (0.85 g/100 g protein). The maximum DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity (36.0 µg ascorbic acid/g protein and 0.68 µmol/Trolox equiv/g protein, respectively) was determined for the tissue of C. japonica. The protein and peptide molecular weight distribution of the shellfish tissue water extracts was investigated using HPLC. It was found that the amount of low molecular weight proteins and peptides were significantly and positively correlated with radical scavenging activity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.96), while the amount of high molecular weight proteins negatively correlated with radical scavenging activity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = −0.86). Hepatoprotective activity, measured by the survival rate of HepG2 hepatocytes after cotreatment with t-BHP, was detected for C. japonica. The highest protection (95.3 ± 2.4%) was achieved by the cold water extract of C. japonica at the concentration of 200 mg/mL. Moreover, oral administration of hot water extract of C. japonica to rats before the treatment with CCl4 exhibited a markedly protective effect by lowering serum levels of ALT and AST, inhibiting the changes in biochemical parameters of functional state of rat liver, including MDA, SOD, GSH and GST.
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Rubini K, Boanini E, Parmeggiani S, Bigi A. Curcumin-Functionalized Gelatin Films: Antioxidant Materials with Modulated Physico-Chemical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1824. [PMID: 34072936 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we used curcumin as a functionalizing agent of gelatin films with the aim to get antioxidant materials with modulated physico-chemical properties. To this aim, we prepared gelatin films at different contents of curcumin up to about 1.2 wt%. The as-prepared films, as well as glutaraldehyde crosslinked films, were submitted to several tests: swelling, water solubility, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, mechanical tests and curcumin release. The radical scavenging activity of the as-prepared films is similar to that of free curcumin, indicating remarkable antioxidant properties. All the other tested properties vary as a function of curcumin content and/or the presence of the crosslinking agent. In particular, the films exhibit sustained curcumin release in different solvents. Thanks to its biocompatibility, biodegradability and lack of antigenicity, gelatin uses span from food processing to packaging and biomaterials. It follows that the modulated properties exhibited by the functionalized materials developed in this work can be usefully employed in different application fields.
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Meriño-Gergichevich C, Luengo-Escobar A, Alarcón D, Reyes-Díaz M, Ondrasek G, Morina F, Ogass K. Combined Spraying of Boron and Zinc During Fruit Set and Premature Stage Improves Yield and Fruit Quality of European Hazelnut cv. Tonda di Giffoni. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:661542. [PMID: 34135924 PMCID: PMC8201987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients of plant nutrition programs in orchards for securing the crop quality and yield. Although orchard supplementation with B and Zn is a common practice to overcome deficiencies or maintain their optimal levels, the efficiency of combined B and Zn spraying in relation to European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) phenological stage has not been investigated so far. Leaf and kernel mineral and functional traits were studied in cultivar Tonda di Giffoni after B and Zn spraying in four phenological stages. During the 2016/2017 season, 9-year-old trees were sprayed with B (0, 800, and 1,600 mg L-1) and Zn (0, 400, and 800 mg L-1) under three treatments: B0+Zn0, B800+Zn400, and B1600+Zn800 implemented in three spring application programs scheduled from October to December (P1: four times, P2: early two times, and P3: late two times). B and Zn treatments in P1 and P3 led to higher Zn concentration both in leaves and in kernels compared with non-sprayed trees. Stabilized nut production increased 2.5-fold under B800+Zn400 in all three programs. Kernel/nut ratio improved in both B+Zn treatments in P1 and P3, while the percentage of blank nuts was reduced compared with B0+Zn0. Increased radical scavenging activity in B+Zn-treated kernels and leaves was not attributed to the accumulation of phenolics in P3 compared with B0+Zn0, whereas B and Zn spraying reduced the level of lipid peroxidation in both studied organs. According to the results, combined B and Zn should be sprayed at the end of spring (P3) on hazelnut plantations in temperate areas such as Southern Chile, whereas early applications (P2) showed an irregularity in nut production and functional traits in nuts. Moderate and partialized rates of B and Zn and the time of implementation contribute to improving the quantitative and qualitative features crucial for future sustainable hazelnut production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Meriño-Gergichevich
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Nutrition in Fruit Crops, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Luengo-Escobar
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - David Alarcón
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Nutrition in Fruit Crops, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Ecophysiology of Plants, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gabrijel Ondrasek
- Department of Soil Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filis Morina
- Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Budweis, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Khristopher Ogass
- Research and Extension Center for Irrigation and Agroclimatology (CITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Tymczewska A, Furtado BU, Nowaczyk J, Hrynkiewicz K, Szydłowska-Czerniak A. Development and Characterization of Active Gelatin Films Loaded with Rapeseed Meal Extracts. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2869. [PMID: 34071860 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of industrial waste as a material for the development of natural innovative and active packaging is economically and environmentally appealing. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize active gelatin films incorporating rapeseed oil industry waste. Water (RM-WE) and methanolic (RM-MWE) extracts of rapeseed meal (RM) were used as active agents in film formulations. The active films were produced by a casting technique. The physicochemical, mechanical, optical, morphological, radical scavenging, and antibacterial properties of the films were analyzed. The addition of RM-WE and RM-MWE in the concentrations range between 4 and 12% promoted an increase of Young's modulus (YM) and radical scavenging properties of films investigated by the direct QUick, Easy, New, CHEap and Reproducible procedure using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (QUENCHERDPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (QUENCHERABTS) radicals. The antibacterial properties of films were examined against five bacterial strains: E. coli, S. enterica, M. luteus, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus. Additionally, color and opacity of the control and fortified films differed significantly. The gelatin films with RM extracts are resistant to the microbial spoilage and could be used to produce active packaging for food that is vulnerable to rancidity effects.
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Kalia A, Kaur J, Tondey M, Manchanda P, Bindra P, Alghuthaymi MA, Shami A, Abd-Elsalam KA. Differential Antimycotic and Antioxidant Potentials of Chemically Synthesized Zinc-Based Nanoparticles Derived from Different Reducing/Complexing Agents against Pathogenic Fungi of Maize Crop. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:223. [PMID: 33803825 PMCID: PMC8003151 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed for the synthesis, characterization, and comparative evaluation of anti-oxidant and anti-fungal potentials of zinc-based nanoparticles (ZnNPs) by using different reducing or organic complexing-capping agents. The synthesized ZnNPs exhibited quasi-spherical to hexagonal shapes with average particle sizes ranging from 8 to 210 nm. The UV-Vis spectroscopy of the prepared ZnNPs showed variation in the appearance of characteristic absorption peak(s) for the various reducing/complexing agents i.e., 210 (NaOH and NaBH4), 220 (albumin, and thiourea), 260 and 330 (starch), and 351 nm (cellulose) for wavelengths spanning over 190-800 nm. The FT-IR spectroscopy of the synthesized ZnNPs depicted the functional chemical group diversity. On comparing the antioxidant potential of these ZnNPs, NaOH as reducing agent, (NaOH (RA)) derived ZnNPs presented significantly higher DPPH radical scavenging potential compared to other ZnNPs. The anti-mycotic potential of the ZnNPs as performed through an agar well diffusion assay exhibited variability in the extent of inhibition of the fungal mycelia with maximum inhibition at the highest concentration (40 mg L-1). The NaOH (RA)-derived ZnNPs showcased maximum mycelial inhibition compared to other ZnNPs. Further, incubation of the total genomic DNA with the most effective NaOH (RA)-derived ZnNPs led to intercalation or disintegration of the DNA of all the three fungal pathogens of maize with maximum DNA degrading effect on Macrophomina phaseolina genomic DNA. This study thus identified that differences in size and surface functionalization with the protein (albumin)/polysaccharides (starch, cellulose) diminishes the anti-oxidant and anti-mycotic potential of the generated ZnNPs. However, the NaOH emerged as the best reducing agent for the generation of uniform nano-scale ZnNPs which possessed comparably greater anti-oxidant and antimycotic activities against the three test maize pathogenic fungal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kalia
- Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Jashanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India; (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Manisha Tondey
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India; (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Pooja Manchanda
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India;
| | - Pulkit Bindra
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India;
| | - Mousa A. Alghuthaymi
- Biology Department, Science and Humanities College, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11726, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11617, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
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