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Iqbal NT, Chen RY, Griffin NW, Hibberd MC, Khalid A, Sadiq K, Jamil Z, Ahmed K, Iqbal J, Hotwani A, Kabir F, Rahman N, Rizvi A, Idress R, Ahmed Z, Ahmed S, Umrani F, Syed S, Moore SR, Ali A, Barratt MJ, Gordon JI. A shared group of bacterial taxa in the duodenal microbiota of undernourished Pakistani children with environmental enteric dysfunction. mSphere 2024:e0019624. [PMID: 38742887 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00196-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical syndrome of altered small intestinal function postulated to be an important contributor to childhood undernutrition. The role of small intestinal bacterial communities in the pathophysiology of EED is poorly defined due to a paucity of studies where there has been a direct collection of small intestinal samples from undernourished children. Sixty-three members of a Pakistani cohort identified as being acutely malnourished between 3 and 6 months of age and whose wasting (weight-for-length Z-score [WLZ]) failed to improve after a 2-month nutritional intervention underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Paired duodenal luminal aspirates and duodenal mucosal biopsies were obtained from 43 children. Duodenal microbiota composition was characterized by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Levels of bacterial taxa (amplicon sequence variants [ASVs]) were referenced to anthropometric indices, histopathologic severity in biopsies, expression of selected genes in the duodenal mucosa, and fecal levels of an immunoinflammatory biomarker (lipocalin-2). A "core" group of eight bacterial ASVs was present in the duodenal samples of 69% of participants. Streptococcus anginosus was the most prevalent, followed by Streptococcus sp., Gemella haemolysans, Streptococcus australis, Granulicatella elegans, Granulicatella adiacens, and Abiotrophia defectiva. At the time of EGD, none of the core taxa were significantly correlated with WLZ. Statistically significant correlations were documented between the abundances of Granulicatella elegans and Granulicatella adiacens and the expression of duodenal mucosal genes involved in immune responses (dual oxidase maturation factor 2, serum amyloid A, and granzyme H). These results suggest that a potential role for members of the oral microbiota in pathogenesis, notably Streptococcus, Gemella, and Granulicatella species, warrants further investigation.IMPORTANCEUndernutrition among women and children is a pressing global health problem. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a disease of the small intestine (SI) associated with impaired gut mucosal barrier function and reduced capacity for nutrient absorption. The cause of EED is ill-defined. One emerging hypothesis is that alterations in the SI microbiota contribute to EED. We performed a culture-independent analysis of the SI microbiota of a cohort of Pakistani children with undernutrition who had failed a standard nutritional intervention, underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy, and had histologic evidence of EED in their duodenal mucosal biopsies. The results revealed a shared group of bacterial taxa in their duodenums whose absolute abundances were correlated with levels of the expression of genes in the duodenal mucosa that are involved in inflammatory responses. A number of these bacterial taxa are more typically found in the oral microbiota, a finding that has potential physiologic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeha T Iqbal
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Robert Y Chen
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicholas W Griffin
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew C Hibberd
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aqsa Khalid
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Sadiq
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Jamil
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kumail Ahmed
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Kabir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Rahman
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arjumand Rizvi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Romana Idress
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fayaz Umrani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Syed
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sean R Moore
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Michael J Barratt
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Li Q, Ke W, Jiang S, Zhang M, Shan K, Li C. Dietary Hemin Remodels Gut Microbiota and Mediates Tissue Inflammation and Injury in the Small Intestine. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300889. [PMID: 38676468 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Epidemiological studies have linked excessive red and processed meat intake to gut disorders. Under laboratory conditions, high heme content is considered the primary health risk factor for red meat. However, heme in meat is present in myoglobin, which is an indigestible protein, suggesting the different functions between myoglobin and heme. This study aims to explore how dietary myoglobin and heme affect gut health and microbiota differently. METHODS AND RESULTS Histological and biochemical assessments as well as 16S rRNA sequencing are performed. Moderate myoglobin intake (equivalent to the recommended intake of 150 g meat per day for human) has beneficial effects on the duodenal barrier. However, a too high myoglobin diet (equivalent to intake of 3000 g meat per day for human) triggers duodenum injury and alters the microbial community. The hemin diet destroys intestinal tissue and ileal microbiota more significantly. The in vitro experiments further confirm that free heme exhibits high toxicity to beneficial gut bacteria while myoglobin promotes the growth and metabolism of Limosilactobacillus reuteri. CONCLUSION Moderate intake of myoglobin or hemin is beneficial to intestinal health and microbiota, but too high amounts lead to tissue inflammation and injury in the small intestine by reshaping ileal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Weixin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Kai Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
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Yersin S, Vonaesch P. Small intestinal microbiota: from taxonomic composition to metabolism. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00056-8. [PMID: 38503579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The small intestinal microbiota (SIM) is essential for gastrointestinal health, influencing digestion, immune modulation, and nutrient metabolism. Unlike the colonic microbiota, the SIM has been poorly characterized due to sampling challenges and ethical considerations. Current evidence suggests that the SIM consists of five core genera and additional segment-specific taxa. These bacteria closely interact with the human host, regulating nutrient absorption and metabolism. Recent work suggests the presence of two forms of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, one dominated by oral bacteria (SIOBO) and a second dominated by coliform bacteria. Less invasive sampling techniques, omics approaches, and mechanistic studies will allow a more comprehensive understanding of the SIM, paving the way for interventions engineering the SIM towards better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Yersin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Vonaesch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Yilmaz B, Fuhrer T, Morgenthaler D, Krupka N, Wang D, Spari D, Candinas D, Misselwitz B, Beldi G, Sauer U, Macpherson AJ. Plasticity of the adult human small intestinal stoma microbiota. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1773-1787.e6. [PMID: 36318918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The human distal small intestine (ileum) has a distinct microbiota, but human studies investigating its composition and function have been limited by the inaccessibility of the ileum without purging and/or deep intubation. We investigated inherent instability, temporal dynamics, and the contribution of fed and fasted states using stoma samples from cured colorectal cancer patients as a non-invasive access route to the otherwise inaccessible small and large intestines. Sequential sampling of the ileum before and after stoma formation indicated that ileostoma microbiotas represented that of the intact small intestine. Ileal and colonic stoma microbiotas were confirmed as distinct, and two types of instability in ileal host-microbial relationships were observed: inter-digestive purging followed by the rapid postprandial blooming of bacterial biomass and sub-strain appearance and disappearance within individual taxa after feeding. In contrast to the relative stability of colonic microbiota, the human small intestinal microbiota biomass and its sub-strain composition can be highly dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias Fuhrer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Morgenthaler
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niklas Krupka
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daoming Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Spari
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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Cui J, Shi C, Xia P, Ning K, Xiang H, Xie Q. Fermented Deer Blood Ameliorates Intense Exercise-Induced Fatigue via Modulating Small Intestine Microbiota and Metabolites in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:1543. [PMID: 34063723 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense and excessive exercise-induced fatigue has become an important health issue and can damage intestinal health. Deer blood, as a food byproduct with nutritional value, has been found to restore physical strength. However, little is known about the antifatigue effect of fermented deer blood (FDB) on intense exercise mice. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the antifatigue effect of FDB, and whether this effect is correlated with the altered small intestinal microbiota and metabolites in exercise mice. In this study, 5-week-old male C57BL/6J mice are given treadmill exercise with or without FDB supplementation (30 and 150 mg/kg/d) for 3 weeks. FDB significantly reduces metabolic byproduct accumulation, liver and intestinal damage, and enhances glycogen storage and antioxidant capacity in intense exercise mice. Moreover, FDB restructures the small intestinal microbiota by increasing the abundance of probiotics and butyric acid producing bacteria and decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. FDB also regulates the levels of metabolites involved in TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism in urine and small intestine content. Correlation analysis shows that FDB-modulated microbiota is highly associated with its antifatigue effect. FDB may ameliorate fatigue and intestinal injury through targeting small intestinal microbiota.
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Ruigrok RAAA, Collij V, Sureda P, Klaassen MAY, Bolte LA, Jansen BH, Voskuil MD, Fu J, Wijmenga C, Zhernakova A, Weersma RK, Vich Vila A. The Composition and Metabolic Potential of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiota Within the Context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1326-1338. [PMID: 33515008 PMCID: PMC8328293 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The human gastrointestinal tract harbours distinct microbial communities essential for health. Little is known about small intestinal communities, despite the small intestine playing a fundamental role in nutrient absorption and host-microbe immune homeostasis. We aimed to explore the small intestine microbial composition and metabolic potential, in the context of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. METHODS Metagenomes derived from faecal samples and extensive phenotypes were collected from 57 individuals with an ileostomy or ileoanal pouch, and compared with 1178 general population and 478 IBD faecal metagenomes. Microbiome features were identified using MetaPhAn2 and HUMAnN2, and association analyses were performed using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Small intestinal samples had a significantly lower bacterial diversity, compared with the general population and, to a lesser extent, IBD samples. Comparing bacterial composition, small intestinal samples clustered furthest from general population samples and closest to IBD samples with intestinal resections. Veillonella atypica, Streptococcus salivarius, and Actinomyces graevenitzii were among the species significantly enriched in the small intestine. Predicted metabolic pathways in the small intestine are predominantly involved in simple carbohydrate and energy metabolism, but also suggest a higher pro-inflammatory potential. CONCLUSIONS We described the bacterial composition and metabolic potential of the small intestinal microbiota. The colonic microbiome of IBD patients, particularly with intestinal resections, showed resemblance to that of the small intestine. Moreover, several features characterising the small intestinal microbiome have been previously associated with IBD. These results highlight the importance of studying the small intestinal microbiota to gain new insight into disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate A A A Ruigrok
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Collij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Sureda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein A Y Klaassen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A Bolte
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernadien H Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel D Voskuil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnau Vich Vila
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Corresponding author: A. Vich Vila, PO Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 50 361 2620; Fax: +31 50 361 9306;
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7
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Chen RY, Kung VL, Das S, Hossain MS, Hibberd MC, Guruge J, Mahfuz M, Begum SMKN, Rahman MM, Fahim SM, Gazi MA, Haque MR, Sarker SA, Mazumder RN, Luccia BD, Ahsan K, Kennedy E, Santiago-Borges J, Rodionov DA, Leyn SA, Osterman AL, Barratt MJ, Ahmed T, Gordon JI. Duodenal Microbiota in Stunted Undernourished Children with Enteropathy. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:321-333. [PMID: 32706533 PMCID: PMC7289524 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1916004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an enigmatic disorder of the small intestine that is postulated to play a role in childhood undernutrition, a pressing global health problem. Defining the incidence of this disorder, its pathophysiological features, and its contribution to impaired linear and ponderal growth has been hampered by the difficulty in directly sampling the small intestinal mucosa and microbial community (microbiota). METHODS In this study, among 110 young children (mean age, 18 months) with linear growth stunting who were living in an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and had not benefited from a nutritional intervention, we performed endoscopy in 80 children who had biopsy-confirmed EED and available plasma and duodenal samples. We quantified the levels of 4077 plasma proteins and 2619 proteins in duodenal biopsy samples obtained from these children. The levels of bacterial strains in microbiota recovered from duodenal aspirate from each child were determined with the use of culture-independent methods. In addition, we obtained 21 plasma samples and 27 fecal samples from age-matched healthy children living in the same area. Young germ-free mice that had been fed a Bangladeshi diet were colonized with bacterial strains cultured from the duodenal aspirates. RESULTS Of the bacterial strains that were obtained from the children, the absolute levels of a shared group of 14 taxa (which are not typically classified as enteropathogens) were negatively correlated with linear growth (length-for-age z score, r = -0.49; P = 0.003) and positively correlated with duodenal proteins involved in immunoinflammatory responses. The representation of these 14 duodenal taxa in fecal microbiota was significantly different from that in samples obtained from healthy children (P<0.001 by permutational multivariate analysis of variance). Enteropathy of the small intestine developed in gnotobiotic mice that had been colonized with cultured duodenal strains obtained from children with EED. CONCLUSIONS These results provide support for a causal relationship between growth stunting and components of the small intestinal microbiota and enteropathy and offer a rationale for developing therapies that target these microbial contributions to EED. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02812615.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y. Chen
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems
Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Vanderlene L. Kung
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems
Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Subhasish Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shabab Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Matthew C. Hibberd
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems
Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Janaki Guruge
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems
Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - M. Masudur Rahman
- Sheikh Russel National Gastroliver Institute and Hospital,
Dhaka 1210, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Amran Gazi
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - M. Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shafiqul Alam Sarker
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - R. N. Mazumder
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Blanda Di Luccia
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems
Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kazi Ahsan
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems
Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Elizabeth Kennedy
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems
Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jesus Santiago-Borges
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems
Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission
Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford
Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 US
| | - Semen A. Leyn
- A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission
Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford
Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 US
| | - Andrei L. Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford
Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 US
| | - Michael J. Barratt
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems
Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Jeffrey I. Gordon
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems
Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Zhang C, Xie J, Li X, Luo J, Huang X, Liu L, Peng X. Alliin alters gut microbiota and gene expression of colonic epithelial tissues. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12795. [PMID: 31353605 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alliin is a natural organosulfur-containing phytochemical in garlic. It is possible that alliin can regulate the gut microbiota for its strong antimicrobial activity against many pathogens. Here, we assessed whether alliin impacts the distal small intestinal bacteria, hence the cecal microbiota, thus altering the gene expression of colonic epithelial tissues (CETs). Eighty mg/kg alliin was orally administered to rats for 14 days, and the 16S rDNA from small intestinal and cecal microbiota as well as mRNA from CETs were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that alliin consumption affected microbiota composition in both the small intestine and cecum, although there was only one specific genus, Allobaculum that was significantly altered in the rat cecum. The altered composition of microbiota indirectly impacted 174 genes in the CETs. Specifically, five genes, including RT1-Ba, RT1-Bb, Cd80, Madcam1, and Aicda, indicated this consumption related to the intestinal immune network for IgA production. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: We firstly reported alliin consumption in vivo potentially affected the intestinal immunity of healthy rats by slightly alteration of microbiota composition in small intestine and cecum. The alteration subsequently amplified, resulting in the change of the colonic epithelial expression of several genes related to the intestinal immune network for IgA production. Hence, we suggested the alliin consumption may potentially affect the immune system of healthy individuals by alteration of gut microbiota and epithelial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Xie
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanwei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Our recently published paper "Small Intestine Microbiota Regulate Digestive and Absorptive Adaptive Responses to Dietary Lipids" in Cell Host & Microbe explored the neglected small intestine microbiota and demonstrated its critical role as a regulator of fat digestion and absorption. This work generated the following important take home messages: 1) small intestinal microbes are particularly sensitive to high fat diets and turn on host processes regulating fat digestion and transport, 2) this action is very likely orchestrated by a consortium of microbes, each having different specific effects and targets, and 3) the actions of this consortium appear to be mediated by bacteria-derived small molecules or bioactive components. These findings are expected to provide insight into developing treatments for conditions of under- or over-nutrition. The goal of this addendum is to summarize our findings, address issues related to gut microbiota and gnotobiotic research specifically regarding technology and experimental design, discuss this work in the context of relevant literature, and lastly provide considerations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,CONTACT Eugene B. Chang Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery (KCBD) 9121, University of Chicago, 900 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Kristina Martinez-Guryn
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
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